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A
Hi
I'm
chris
williams.
I
work
with
the
new
economics
foundation,
which
is
a
sustainability
and
social
justice,
think
tank
and
I'm
here
to
talk
to
you
about
our
food
system.
The
first
thing
to
note
is
that
the
food
system
is
a
complex
web.
It
includes
supply
and
consumption.
It
includes
the
resources
used
both
in
the
growing
process,
and
the
transport
also
includes
the
impact
on
nature
such
as
plants,
animals
or
soils,
and
also
obviously,
on
the
people
working
in
agriculture
and
delivering
the
food
to
supermarkets
and
people's
tables.
A
A
A
The
control
of
the
food
is
also
concentrated
in
fewer
and
fewer
hands.
We
can
see
here
how,
since
the
1960s,
the
market
share
by
value
for
chain
stores
has
increased
from
20
percent
to
nearly
90
percent
over
that
period
of
time
compared
to
co-ops
or
independents.
A
Food
has
also
been
getting
cheaper
until
recently
and
as
a
result,
partially
of
that,
but
also
advertising
and
other
things
and
lifestyle
changes,
we're
also
making
pretty
bad
consumption
choices.
You
can
see
here
the
percentage
of
adults
who
are
classes
obese,
obviously
it's
highest
in
the
states
at
nearly
35
percent,
but
we're
in
second
place
at
nearly
a
quarter
of
the
adult
population,
and
that
has
been
increasing
over
time
as
well.
So
we
really
need
to
ask
what
is
our
food
system
for
now?
A
If
you
had
objectives
around
stewardship
of
the
land
and
nature
around
well-being
and
people's
health
and
around
social
justice,
we
would
have
a
very,
very
different
food
system.
So
let's
look
at
those
in
turn.
If
you
look
at
the
environmental
impact
here
on
wild
bird
populations,
you
can
see
that
the
dark
blue
line
has
been
decreasing
fastest.
Those
are
the
farmland
birds
which
is
a
good
indicator
of
the
impact
that
our
farming
system
is
having
on
nature
in
terms
of
productivity
and
energy
use.
A
The
actual
farming
employs
a
tiny
amount
of
people
in
the
uk
compared
to
the
retail
and
services
sector
like
supermarkets,
where
the
bulk
of
employment
in
the
food
system
takes
place.
At
the
same
time,
these
people
are
very
badly
paid
compared
to
the
uk
average
they're
earning
around
half
of
the
uk
average
salary
in
retail
and
food
services.
A
The
supply
chains
are
long,
international
and
complex,
and
what
this
actually
means
is
it's
also
reducing
the
amount
of
value
from
a
basket
of
food
that
is
basically
being
returned
to
farmers.
So
over
time,
you
can
see
that
that's
been
reducing
as
a
share
in
terms
of
ownership
and
control.
17
million
hectares
of
agricultural
land
in
the
uk
is
owned
by
0.25
of
the
uk
population.
It's
very
very
skewed
and
concentrated
at
the
same
time,
in
terms
of
impacts
on
culture
and
health.
A
The
one
indicator
that
the
uk
seems
to
focus
on
the
most
for
a
food
system
is
to
make
sure
that
food
is
cheap.
You
can
see
here
as
a
percentage
of
household
expenditure.
The
uk
and
luxembourg
are
the
two
lowest
countries
in
the
eu
in
terms
of
what
percentage
of
their
disposable
income
they
spend
on
food.
That
should
not
be
the
only
indicator
that
we
use
to
determine
whether
we
have
a
successful
food
system
or
not.
A
A
The
value
to
the
actual
producers
is
decreasing,
it's
also
very
unequal
in
terms
of
land
ownership
and
it's
also
very
volatile.
A
successful
food
system.
On
the
other
hand,
needs
to
have
a
neutral
or
positive
environmental
impact,
be
productive
in
terms
of
how
it
uses
energy
and
other
inputs
focus
on
having
a
diversity
of
species
and
genes.
It
needs
to
support
good
jobs,
needs
to
be
dominated
by
short
and
simple
supply
chains
and
composed
of
assets
that
are
controlled
by
a
wide
and
inclusive
set
of
stakeholders.
A
It
also
needs
to
foster
a
positive
and
thriving
food
culture
and
the
highest
possible
levels
of
public
health,
especially
during
these
times
of
global
pandemics.
Also,
good
quality
nutritious
food
needs
to
be
affordable
to
everyone.
It's
very
clear
that
food
matters
to
everyone.
There
were
shortages
to
begin
with
when
the
pandemic
stuck
and
struck,
and
the
free
school
meals
and
food
insecurity
have
been
major
major
issues.
This
has
showed
how
fragile
the
food
system
is
and
shows
how
much
food
impacts
our
health.
A
A
We
need
to
deal
with
the
climate
and
biodiversity
crisis,
people's
health
and
also
working
conditions
in
agriculture
and
supermarkets,
and
deal
with
these
issues
of
low
pay,
more
domestic
food
and
using
regenerative
agriculture
techniques
that
focus
on
improving
soil
quality,
improving
water
quality
and
not
using
pesticides
and
fertilizers
as
a
way
to
increase
yields
and
making
much
better
use
of
our
public
land
and
farms
is
what
we
need
to
do
to
move
towards
a
circular
economy
that
works
for
everyone.
You
can
find
out
more
here.