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From YouTube: Matthew Turner - Energy as a System | #AWClimateAssembly
Description
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A
A
Globally,
energy
is
responsible
for
two-thirds
of
the
world's
co2
emissions,
so
is
the
main
driver
for
climate
change
and
the
most
important
sector
for
decarbonisation.
The
reason
for
that
is
that
most
of
energy
generation
and
globally,
that's
more
than
eighty
percent,
is
based
around
fossil
fuels.
So
that's
burning
coal,
natural
gas
and
petroleum
products
like
petrol
diesel,
aviation
fuel,
which
leads
to
significant
co2
emissions
and
therefore,
in
order
to
address
the
climate
emergency
in
order
to
fully
decarbonize,
we
have
to
completely
decarbonize
the
energy
sector,
and
that
means
completely
removing
fossil
fuels.
A
So
how
do
we
do
that?
There
are
four
main
sectors
to
focus
on
electricity,
heat
vehicles
and
industry.
So
I'll
give
you
a
brief
description
of
each
of
those.
So
in
terms
of
electricity
we
need
to.
As
I
said,
we
need
to
fully
decarbonize
the
the
electricity
generation.
We
have
made
significant
progress
over
the
last
10
years
by
getting
rid
of
coal
and
we've
done
that
through
a
combination
of
increasing
renewables,
but
also
some
coal-fired
power
stations
where
the
coal
has
been
replaced
with
with
bioenergy
with
wood
fuel.
A
Basically
further
reductions
is,
are
going
to
be
very,
very
difficult.
However,
further
increased
renewables
based
around
item
intermittent
supply
will
present
a
challenge
to
networks.
There
are
several
things
we
need
to
do.
Firstly,
we
need
to
get
rid
of
the
the
existing
fossil
fuels
on
the
network,
which
is
predominantly
natural
gas,
and
we
do
that
over
time.
A
The
tricky
thing
about
that
is
that
they're
very
cheap,
so
they
help
to
keep
the
electricity
prices
down.
So
moving
away
from
that
in
this,
it
will
will
have
runs
the
risk
of
increasing
prices
when
you
do
it
in
a
way
which
doesn't
do
that.
We
also
need
to
make
sure
that
we
can
provide
steady
supply.
So
we
need
a
smarter
network.
We
need
a
much
more
efficient
network,
so
we
need
people
to
use
electricity
much
more
efficiently.
A
So
we
don't
have
these
big
peaks,
which
which
have
historically
required
fossil
fuel
powered
plants
to
basically
ramp
up
to
meet
those
demands,
and
we
also
need
better
storage
systems
and
better
better
management,
so
that
we
can
then
store
the
electricity
we
generate
when
we
generate
it
so
that
it
can
then
be
used
when
when,
when
the
demand
is
there,
we
need,
we
need
an
awful
lot
more
power
generation
as
well
on
the
network,
because
we're
going
to
be
using
electricity
more
in
other
sectors
as
well
like
vehicles
and
like
heat,
that
I'll
talk
about
in
a
minute.
A
A
There
are
several
things
that
need
to
do
to
make
that
happen.
Fundamentally.
Firstly,
we
need
to
reduce
the
amount
of
heat
that
is
needed
in
those
buildings.
Most
buildings
in
the
uk
are
incredibly
inefficient,
so
we
need
to
do
lots
of
refurbishment
work
to
buildings
through
fabric
and
energy
efficiency
measures
to
reduce
the
heat
consumption,
and
then
we
can
supply
that
much
more
effectively.
A
The
options
are
to
use
electricity,
so
we
can
use,
what's
called
what
are
known
as
heat
pumps,
which
use
electricity
very
very
effectively
within
properties
to
replace
the
gas
boiler
and
therefore
use
electricity.
And
if
that
electricity
is
clean,
zero
carbon,
then
we
can.
Then
we
can
make
the
production
of
heat
zero
carbon
within
those
buildings.
A
The
tricky
thing
is
that
electricity
is
much
more
expensive
than
gas,
so
we
need
that
efficiency
improvement
as
well
to
bring
the
demands
down
so
that
those
those
heat
pump
technologies
can
work
effectively
so
that
it's
no
more
expensive
to
to
provide
the
heat
to
properties
but
effectively.
If
we
do
that,
all
well
we'll
have
much
better
insulated,
much
healthier
properties
in
addition
to
addressing
the
climate
system
and
and
lots
and
much
better
air
quality
in
towns
and
cities
as
well
by
getting
rid
of
those
gas
boilers.
A
The
third
area
is
vehicles,
and
fundamentally
most
vehicles
at
the
moment,
run
on
petrol
and
diesel,
again
again
fossil
fuels
and
again,
an
area
that
we
need
to.
Basically,
we
need
to
stop.
We
need
to
move
completely
to
zero
emission
vehicles
as
quickly
as
possible.
The
the
main
route
to
do
that
is
through
electric
vehicles
for
smaller
vehicles
and
already
seeing
massive
increases
in
the
electrical
vehicle
production
around
the
world
and
take
up
around
the
world,
and
I
think
that's
going
to
be
the
real
big
sector
for
the
next
10
years.
A
We
for
larger
vehicles,
like
hgvs
and
also
for
things
like
shipping
and
aviation
hydrogen
might
play,
might
play
a
bigger
role
there
as
well,
but
only
if
that
hydrogen
again
can
be
generated
cleanly
and
cheaply,
and
then
the
last
sector
is
industry.
We
use
a
lot
of
power
in
industry
to
generate
processes
and
and
and
production
and
and
that
predominantly
uses
electricity,
which
will
be
fine
as
long
as
we
can.
A
We
can
make
that
electricity
zero
carbon,
but
we
need
to
make
those
industry
much
more
efficient,
but
there's
lots
of
industry
uses
natural
gas
to
drive
processes
and
again
we
need
to
replace
that
that
natural
gas
with
it
with
alternatives
and
and
that's
likely,
potentially
to
be
hydrogen
as
well.
But
again
we
need
them
to
generate
much
more
electricity
so
and
do
all
that
electricity
generation
cleanly
so
that
we
can
generate
this
sort
of
clean
source
of
hydrogen
to
supply
those
sectors.
A
So
it's
a
really
big
challenge
and
there's
lots
to
do,
but
there
are
lots
that
can
be
done
at
the
community
level
as
well,
and
particularly
individuals
and
communities
looking
at
their
buildings
and
fundamentally,
the
first
thing
we
need
to
do
is
to
use
energy
as
a
really
precious
resource.
Massive
massive
reductions
in
in
energy
reduction.
There's
lots.
A
We
can
do
to
save
energy
right
now
very,
very
cheaply
very,
very
quickly
and
then
start
to
look
at
those
other
measures,
improving
the
buildings
and
then
start
to
look
at
switching
to
alternative
heating
systems
or
and
and
also
generating
electricity.
Things
like
the
photovoltaics
on
on
the
roof
to
generate
local
source
of
electricity
will
all
contribute
towards
that.
Okay.
Well,
hopefully,
that
gives
you
a
bit
of
a
taster
and
then
I'll
be
available
to
answer
questions
at
the
q
a
session
later.