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From YouTube: Ranked Choice Voting (RCV) in Albany - July 25, 2022
Description
This information session is open to all to learn more about Ranked Choice Voting (RCV) in Albany and for anyone who is interested in running for local office in Albany. Join us in learning more about the difference between this year's election by RCV as compared to previous elections.
For more information on RCV and for the presentation slides, please visit www.albanyca.org/rcv.
Brief Agenda:
https://www.albanyca.org/meetings
Presentation slides:
https://www.albanyca.org/home/showpublisheddocument/51913
Register in Advance for the Webinar: https://albanyca.zoom.us/webinar/register/WN_7oC7jQ7lR9-G3D0TAnKPpg
To join this Virtual Session: https://albanyca.zoom.us/s/89350876456
This Information Session is streamed live and recorded for viewing on YouTube: www.YouTube.com/AlbanyKALB
*******
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A
Once
again
welcome
everyone,
this
is
the
ranked
choice,
voting
information
session
and
I
have
with
me
the
deputy
city
clerk,
john
klaus
and
maria
perez
from
democracy.
Rising
democracy
rising
is
a
non-profit
firm
that
we,
the
city,
retained,
to
help
the
city
to
do
rank
choice.
Voting
outreach
they've
worked
with
many
different
jurisdiction
on
ranked
choice,
voting
and
with
voter
and
candidate
trainings,
so
I
will
go
ahead
and
turn
it
over
to
maria.
B
B
B
Let's
start
from
the
beginning
that
helps
okay,
so
our
agenda
today,
we
are
scheduled
together
for
a
two-hour
session,
I'm
anticipating
that
it
will
last
about
that
long.
Our
first
outside
of
this
welcome
I'll
go
over
some
sort
of
ground
rules
and
and
logistics
in
a
moment,
but
outside
of
that,
we
will
spend
about
half
our
time
really
taking
a
deep
dive
into
rank
choice
voting
what
it
is,
how
it
works,
go
through.
Some
examples
make
sure
that
everybody
on
this
training
is
clear
and
has
their
questions
answered.
B
So
the
first
half
of
our
training
really
is
adequate
and
appropriate
for
anybody
who
has
an
interest
in
those
changes
that
are
coming
to
your
city.
We
will
also
spend
some
time
talking
about
how
to
talk
about
rank
choice.
Voting
right.
This
can
be
a
little
bit
complicated.
So
if
some
of
you
are
candidates
or
are
working
in
campaigns,
you
are
definitely
gonna
want
to
learn
some
best
practices
about
how
to
vary.
In
very
simple
terms.
B
B
You
want
to
stay
for
that
portion
of
the
training
so
that
you
can
get
some
some
tips
on
how
best
to
talk
about
this
and
then
the
last
part
of
our
training
everybody's
welcome
to
to
attend,
to
participate
to
be
there
ask
questions,
but
the
last
part
of
our
training
really
is
getting
a
little
bit
more
in
the
weeds
in
terms
of
how
rank
choice.
Voting
would
change
a
campaign
for
a
candidate
that
is
considering
running
for
office.
B
What
what
kind
of
strategies
do
you
need
to
think
about
a
little
bit
differently
because
of
the
way
that
rank
choice
voting
works?
So
this
is
open
for
everybody
at
all
stages,
but
I
just
wanted
to
make
sure
about
like
that.
People
know
which
parts
are
we're
going
over
in
which
order,
and
you
are
welcome,
to
stay
as
long
as
you
want
or
if
you've
gotten
what
you
need.
You're
also
welcome
to
jump
off
at
any
point.
B
B
So
just
if
you
have
a
question
just
make
sure
to
type
it
in
there
and
our
friends
at
the
city
clerk's
office
will
be
managing
that
q,
a
and
floating
up
questions
that
that
can
be
answered.
That
way.
So
please,
if
you
do,
have
questions
put
them
on
the
q,
a
and
we'll
we'll
get
to
as
many
of
those
as
we
can.
B
Okay,
let's
get
going
rank
choice,
voting
101
we're
going
to
go
to
basic
basic
information
about
what
this
is,
how
it
works,
and
the
first
thing
that
I
want
to
say
here
is
that,
as
many
of
you
may
know,
rank
choice.
Voting
has
been
the
election
method
in
in
some
of
the
bay
area,
cities
right
around
albany
right,
so
oakland,
berkeley,
san
leandro
have
ranked
choice,
voting
and
then
san
francisco
on
the
other
side
of
the
water,
also
has
rent
choice.
B
Voting
the
rent
choice,
voting
method
that
albany
is
going
to
be
using,
is
just
a
little
bit
different
because
you
all
will
be
electing
multiple
winners
for
for
the
seats
that
are
opening.
So
there's
going
to
be
two
winners
for
city
council
and
they're,
not
going
to
be
elected
by
districts,
they're
going
to
be
elected
by
the
whole
city
at
large,
and
the
same
thing
is
true
for
the
board
of
elections.
B
There's
going
to
be
three
seats
open,
so
three
winners
which
are
not
going
to
be
elected
by
districts,
they're
going
to
be
elected
at
large,
so
we'll
get
into
that
a
little
bit.
But
just
a
point
of
clarification:
if
you've
maybe
lived
in
oakland
or
in
san
leandro
before
and
you've
gone
through
a
ranked
choice,
voting
election,
it's
very
very
similar,
but
there's
some
little
changes
that
we'll
go
over
today.
B
Another
thing
that
I
want
to
be
really
clear
about
is
my
organizational
democracy
rising.
We
again
we
vote
on.
We
work
on
voter
outreach
and
education.
We
don't
do
advocacy
work.
We
were
not
involved
in
the
campaign
for
measure
bb
or
anything
like
that.
We
don't
have
any
dog
in
this
race,
except
for
wanting
every
voter.
B
In
albany
to
be
aware
of
the
change
and
to
be
as
empowered
as
they
can
be
as
a
voter
with
taken
into
consideration,
that
voting
will
be
a
little
bit
different
this
this
year,
this
cycle,
so
now
what
voters
approved
this
measure
now
it's
time
to
implement.
So
let's
talk
about
what
rank
choice.
Voting
is
franchise.
Voting
is
a
very
simple
change
to
the
way
that
the
ballot
is
designed
and
the
way
that
the
votes
are
counted
so
with
frank
choice.
B
Voting
here
is
a
sample
ballot
on
the
right
side
of
the
screen
that
we
will
be
using
for
the
purpose
of
this
training.
So
when
we
are
looking
at
a
sample
ballot
and
we're
talking
about
rank,
choice,
voting
and
examples
about
this
this
evening,
our
candidates
are
going
to
be
lunch
items,
so
the
our
candidates
are
listed
on
the
left
hand,
column
on
this
mock
ballot
that
you
can
see
on
the
screen.
Our
lunch
choices
are
chicken
dumplings,
burger
pizza,
tacos
and
sandwich.
So
those
are
the
candidates.
B
B
B
B
B
I
go
under
my
the
second
choice
column.
I
find
pizza
on
the
left
side
column
and
I
would
fill
that
oval
for
pizza
as
my
second
choice
and
so
on
and
so
forth
right.
So
the
third
choice
will
be
the
candidate
that
you
like
a
little
bit
less,
but
you
would
still
be
pretty
happy
about
having
that
lunch
today.
B
Fourth
choice
can
be
the
candidate
that
you
can
stand.
So
even
if
there's
you
know,
even
if
you
don't
love
a
candidate,
you
might
prefer
that
candidate
to
other
choices.
I'll
give
you
an
example
for
me,
I'm
a
vegetarian.
So
on
this
ballot
I
don't
really
want
chicken
or
a
burger
right,
so
I'll
vote
I'll
rank
every
other
candidate,
except
for
the
ones
that
I
really
don't
want
elected.
B
As
a
voter
you're
never
asked
to
rank
a
candidate
that
you
absolutely
don't
want
elected.
You
just
rank
the
candidates
that
you
like
to
whatever
degree
that
you
like
them
on
your
ballot
and
leave
out
the
candidates
that
you
absolutely
don't
want
elected
out
of
your
ballot.
You
don't
have
to
rank
them.
You
can,
but
you
don't
have
to
okay.
So,
let's
move
on
once
you've
you're,
a
voter
you've
got
your
ballot.
B
B
B
If
you
are
electing
one
winner
to
one
seat,
let's
say:
let's
say
that
it
was
a
mayor
that
you're
electing
for
the
whole
city
you're,
not
using
rank
choice,
voting
in
albany
to
elect
your
mayor,
but
let's
just
give
an
example
right.
We
have
one
seat
that
needs
to
be
filled,
we're
using
rank
choice,
voting
to
get
to
a
majority
of
the
vote
for
one
seat.
B
You
need
half
of
the
votes,
plus
one
right
that
guarantees
that
that
candidate
that
reaches
50
plus
one
is
has
the
support
of
the
majority
of
the
voters,
so
that
that's
what
happens
if
you're
just
filling
one
seat
for
one
winner
in
your
case
for
for
city
council
you're,
going
to
be
electing
two
winners
to
fill
two
seats
in
your
city
council
and
again,
this
is
going
to
be
city-wide
a
city-wide
vote
at
large
and
to
elect
two
candidates.
You
need
one
third
of
the
vote
plus
one.
B
So
it's
the
same
logic
as
for
one
winner,
you
need
one
half
of
the
vote,
plus
one.
If
you
are
electing
two
winners,
you
need
one
third
of
the
vote,
plus
one.
This
just
guarantees
that
that
no
more
than
two
people
can
get
33,
plus
one
and
the-
and
this
logic
continues
right
for
board
of
education.
You're
gonna
be
electing
three
winners.
So
for
three
winners,
you
need
one
fourth
of
the
vote,
plus
one
25
plus
one
again.
This
just
guarantees
that
no
more
than
three
candidates
can
reach
that
threshold.
Right.
B
If
you
had
more,
it
would
add
more.
It
would
have
add
up
to
more
than
a
hundred
percent.
This
is
a
little
bit
confusing
for
some
people.
We're
gonna
have
time
to
ask
questions
and
revisit,
but
for
now
I'm
just
gonna.
Let
that
information
you
sit
with
that
information,
see
if
it
makes
sense
to
you
as
we
continue
and
we'll
take
a
pause
in
a
few
minutes
to
to
talk
about
all
this
and
get
your
questions.
B
Okay,
so
we
have
a
winning
threshold.
In
our
examples
today
we're
going
to
be
talking
about
the
city
council
race
in
a
fictional
city,
that
is
electing
two
lunch
items
right,
so
our
winning
threshold
for
our
exercise
today
is
going
to
be
two
winners
and
that
winning
threshold
is
going
to
be
33
plus
one.
B
So
again,
just
a
a
reminder
of
what
your
ballot
is
going
to
look
and
what
you're
going
to
be
asked
to
do
as
a
voter.
So
this
voter
got
their
ballot
and
they
thought
they
thought.
Okay,
a
burger
sounds
excellent
to
me.
Right
now.
I
love
burgers.
I
really
want
to
have
a
burger
for
lunch.
That
would
be
my
first
choice,
but
if
I
can't
have
a
burger,
my
second
choice
would
be
tacos.
B
I'd
be
happy
enough
with
tacos
and
if
they
don't
have
burger
or
tacos,
I
guess
I'll
be
okay
with
chicken,
and
I
prefer
pizza
to
a
sandwich.
This
person
basically
really
doesn't
want
a
sandwich
right.
So
easy
is
that
we
rank
stuff
all
the
time
we
rank
things
from
a
menu.
Every
time
you
go
to
a
restaurant
or
every
time
you
go
to
see
a
movie
with
friends,
you
figure
out
what
is
the
consensus
thing
that
you're
all
going
to
do
together
that
most
of
you
agreed
to
do.
B
B
B
First
choice
vote
in
this
election
when
we,
this
city,
is
looking
at
what
lunch
item
people
want
to
have
only
at
first
choice
votes.
We
see
that
chicken
came
as
a
favorite
candidate
for
most
for
a
lot
of
people,
but
it
didn't
quite
reach
the
threshold
of
33
plus
one
to
be
elected
right.
You
see
that
dotted
line
on
top,
that's
our
winning
threshold,
so
chicken
came
close,
but
not
quite
there.
B
So
what
happens
now?
This
is
where
rank
choice.
Voting
your
rankings
come
into
play
if
no
candidate
reaches
that
winning
winning
threshold
on
the
first
round
of
counting
what
we
do
in
a
ranked
choice
election
is
we
eliminate
the
candidate
that
got
the
least
amount
of
support
of
first
choice.
Vote
support,
so
in
this
case,
as
tacos,
maybe
tacos
just
didn't
run
a
good
campaign.
Maybe
they
just
got
lazy.
Maybe
they
didn't
have
enough
money
for
whatever
reason
tacos
just
couldn't
pull
it
together.
B
It
was
not
a
viable
candidate
in
terms
of
people's
first
choice
votes,
we
eliminate
tacos,
and
then
we
see
those
voters
that
prefer
tacos.
We
see
which
candidate
is
listed
next
on
their
ballot
as
their
next
choice
and
we
allocate
those
votes
automatically
to
their
next
choice
on
their
ballot.
So
let's
take
a
look
at
what
that
looks
like
so:
we've
eliminated
tacos
we're
now
on
the
second
round
of
counting,
we
can
see
that
the
majority
of
the
people
who,
like
tacos
as
their
first
choice,
prefer
chicken
as
the
next
choice
on
their
ballot.
B
So
chicken
was
like
their
their
strong
backup
plan
and
we
can
see
in
yellow
how
we
have
added
those
votes
to
the
count
of
chicken
votes
on
that
chicken
column
and
then
some
of
the
voters
that
that,
like
tacos
as
their
first
choice,
preferred
a
hamburger
as
their
second
choice.
So
we
again
see
in
yellow,
on
top
of
the
hamburger
vote,
count
that
we
have
added
those
votes
that
used
to
be
with
taco,
but
now
the
tacos
eliminated
are
now
with
hamburger.
B
B
Chicken
got
there
as
a
matter
of
fact,
chicken
got
more
votes
than
it
needed
right.
You
see
that
dotted
line.
That
was
the
threshold
that
chicken
needed
so
more
votes
than
it
needed
to
get
elected
and
hamburger
is
getting
really
close
to
reaching
that
threshold,
but
hasn't
reached
it.
Yet
so
after
the
second
round
of
counting,
we
have
one
of
the
two
winners:
chicken,
since
we
don't
have
the
second
winner.
Yet
we
need
to
go
through
that
process
again.
So,
let's
look
at
what
happens.
B
So,
for
example,
let's
say
that
chicken
received
10
more
votes
than
they
needed
to
win.
Then
every
voter
who
ranked
chicken
who
is
was
responsible
for
getting
chicken
elected,
will
have
one-tenth
of
their
vote
count
towards
their
next
choice,
and
you
can
see
this-
how
we
did
this
in
black
right,
so
some
of
the
chicken
voters
preferred
hamburger
as
their
next
choice.
B
One
tenth
of
that
vote
for
each
of
those
voters
will
go
to
hamburger
and
the
same
for
those
voters
who
preferred
chicken
who,
whose
next
choice
was
a
sandwich.
So
a
little
portion
of
that
vote
goes
to
to
the
sandwich
candidate.
That
part
can
also
be
a
little
bit
confusing,
but
I'll.
Let
you
sit
with
it
and
we'll
answer
your
questions
in
a
moment.
B
However,
having
done
this
process,
we
can
see
that
hamburger
just
barely
reached
that
33
plus
one
threshold.
So
now
we
have
our
two
winners.
We
have
chicken
and
hamburger.
Those
two
candidates
got
the
support
of
the
majority
of
the
voters
between
the
two
of
them
right.
They
are
the
consensus
candidates
and-
and
now
we
have
our
two
winners
that
are
gonna
fill
those
two
seats.
B
So
these
are
questions
that
we
get
all
the
time.
How
many
candidates
do
I
rank?
Do
I
have
to
use
every
ranking
the
answer
to
that
is
absolutely
not
as
a
voter.
You
can
rank
as
many
or
as
few
candidates
as
you
want
again.
Your
second
choice,
your
third
choice,
etc.
Your
backup
choices
are
not
going
to
be
looked
at
and
unless
your
favorite
candidate
is
eliminated,
so
your
vote
will
always
stay
with
the
highest
ranking
candidate
on
your
ballot
that
is
still
in
the
race.
B
B
This
is
a
doesn't
happen
too
often,
but
it
is
a
common
misconception
that
ranking
your
favorite
candidate
as
your
first
second.
Third,
fourth
and
fifth
choice
is
a
good
strategy,
because
somehow
this
supercharges,
your
your
vote
for
your
favorite
candidate,
and
I
just
want
to
take
some
time
to
explain
why
this
is
a
misconception.
B
This
voter
really
likes
burgers.
They
want
a
burger,
no
matter
what,
if
they
can't
have
a
burger,
they
don't
care
what
else
they
have
ranking
burger,
as
all
of
their
choices
is
exactly
the
same
as
ranking
burger
as
their
first
choice
and
leaving
the
rest
of
the
ballot
empty,
because
let's
say
that
we're
on
the
second
count
round
of
counting
and
burger
gets
eliminated
if
burger
gets
eliminated.
The
voting
machine
is
going
to
look
for
this
voter's
next
choice
on
their
ballot.
This
voter's
next
choice
on
the
ballot
is
burger.
Burger
was
eliminated.
B
Then
the
machine
is
going
to
look
to
the
next
choice
on
their
ballot.
Their
next
choice
is
burger.
Burger
was
eliminated
right,
so
you
can
see
how
this
strategy
doesn't
really
supercharge
your
vote
for
burger
at
all.
You
are
better
off
ranking
burger
as
your
first
choice
and
then,
if
there
is
another
candidate
that
you
can
live
with,
that
you,
like
maybe
less
than
you
like
burger,
but
that
you
can
live
with,
you
should
rank
them
as
your
second
choice.
B
This
is
related
to
the
first
question:
does
it
hurt
my
favorite
candidate
to
rank
a
second,
a
third
or
fourth
choice
on
my
ballot?
Absolutely,
not.
Those
again
are
just
your
backup
choices.
Your
second
choice
will
only
be
counted
if
your
first
choice
is
eliminated
or
is
already
elected,
and
this
is
true
for
your
third
choice
right.
Your
third
choice
will
only
be
counted
if
your
first
and
second
choice
candidates
are
eliminated
and
so
forth.
B
B
B
This
is
a
a
mistake
that
we
see
almost
never,
but
this
is
a
this
is
a
mistake
that
you
absolutely
don't
want
to
make,
because
this
this
disqualifies
this
this
race,
this
ballot
on
for
this
race.
Only
right,
if
you
rank
all
of
the
candidates
as
your
first
choice,
there
is
no
way
for
the
machine
to
understand
what
your
intent
was
as
a
voter
right.
B
We
can't
tell
if
you
have
a
preference,
if
you
like
chicken
better
than
dumplings,
if
you
care,
who
gets
elected
this
ballot,
really
isn't
giving
any
information
in
terms
of
what
your
intent
was
as
a
voter,
the
the
machine
can't
give
one-fifth
of
the
vote
to
one
to
each
of
the
candidates.
It's
it's
one
vote
or
or
no
vote
at
all.
So,
if
you
do
make
this
mistake
this,
this
is
not
gonna
count
the
machine.
B
The
machine
just
can't
count
this
as
as
a
vote,
so
you
you'll
be
have
the
opportunity
to
fill
in
a
request,
a
different
ballot
to
to
fix
that
mistake
and
if
you
vote
by
mail
that
might
be
problematic.
So
this
is
something
definitely
that
you
want
to
make
sure
you
don't
do
and
that
you
explain
to
others
not
to
do
this
as
well.
But
again
we
almost
never
see
this.
This
mistake.
B
A
I
believe
that
the
ballot
is
also
invalid.
Correct,
that's
correct
and
then
the
other
question
that
we
have
is:
what
is
the
difference
between
plain
old,
ranked
choice,
voting,
rcv
and
ranked
choice
voting
at
large?
How
much
what?
How
much
of
what
you
will
be
saying
is
in
general
for
rcv
and
how
much
will
be
specific
to
albany's
voting
method
of
at
large.
B
The
difference
between
again
the
difference
between
ranked
choice,
voting
the
way
that
it's
more
commonly
used
and
it's
used
in
those
four
jurisdictions
in
the
in
the
bay
area,
is
that
they
elect
a
single
winner
by
district
right.
So
there's
in
oakland
there's,
I
believe,
seven
districts
or
something
like
this.
B
Each
district
has
a
ranked
ballot
that
elects
one
winner
per
district
right
so
for
the
the
ballot
is
going
to
look
the
same
as
your
ballot
in,
in
the
sense
that
you're
going
to
get
the
the
names
of
the
candidates
on
the
left-hand
column
and
you're
going
to
get
those
columns
to
the
right
of
that
being
your
choices
in
order.
First
choice.
B
Second:
choice:
their
choice
as
a
voter,
your
experience
is
going
to
be
the
same
with
both
kinds
of
branches
voting,
whether
it's
at
large,
whether
it's
by
district,
whether
you're
electing
one
winner
or
multiple
winners.
You
just
rank
the
candidates
in
order
of
preference,
and
there
is
that
there's
no
difference.
The
difference
is
in
how
the
votes
are
tabulated
and
what
those
winning
thresholds
are
as
we
described.
So
that's.
B
A
B
Thank
you,
ann
for
the
reminder,
and
even
if,
even
though
we're
moving
to
our
next
section
right
now,
we
are
doing
great
on
time.
If
you
still
have
a
question
about
the
very
basics
of
rank
chase
voting
and
how
it
works.
As
we
get
moving,
just
ask
any
question
you
may
have
through
the
remainder
of
this
training.
We
are
happy,
I'm
happy
to
loop
back
and
we
can
go
back
to
the
to
a
slide.
B
B
So
the
main
thing
you
need
to
know
at
this
point
it
being
the
first
implementation
of
ranked
choice.
Voting
in
your
city
of
albany
is
that
you
know
there's
a
chance,
there's
a
good
chance
that
some
voters
won't
know
anything
about
ranked
choice.
Voting
right,
maybe
they've
never
heard
about
it.
Maybe
they
didn't
vote
on
the
election
where
measure
bb
passed,
you
know,
there's
going
to
be
some
people
that
just
know
nothing
about
it,
and
this
is
going
to
be
brand
new
to
them.
B
There's
also
going
to
be
a
number
of
people
in
your
community
that
are
going
to
know
about
rank
choice
voting
because
either
they
were
involved
in
the
campaign.
They
remember
voting
for
or
against
the
measure,
and
also
because
it's
the
bay
area
right,
there's
many
people
in
your
community
that
has
lived
in
oakland
or
san
leandro
or
berkeley
or
san
francisco,
and
has
perhaps
had
experience
as
a
voter
voting
in
a
ranked
choice.
B
Voting
election
so
just
know
that
you're
going
to
encounter
all
kinds
of
voters
with
all
kinds
of
levels
of
education,
about
rank,
choice,
voting
and
also
all
kinds
of
opinions
about
it
right.
Some
people
are
going
to
love
it.
Some
people
are
going
to
hate
it.
Some
people
are
going
to
have
no
opinion
about
it.
B
So
when
you
are
getting
ready
to
talk
about
rank
choice,
voting,
maybe
you're
doing
a
community
presentation
or
maybe
you're
just
talking
to
your
neighbor,
just
know
that
you
first
have
to
assess
kind
of
where
that
person
is
right.
Do
they
already
know
about
it?
If
so,
do
they
have
an
opinion
about
it?
B
It's
also
really
good
to
remember
that.
The
change
can
be
very
difficult
for
people
right
if
there's
a
if
there's
an
elder
in
your
community
has
been
voting
the
old
way
for
40
years.
They
may
not
feel
comfortable
about
a
big
change
like
this,
and
change
can
be
very
difficult
and
educating
voters.
You
know
we
have
to
ease
them
into
feeling
comfortable
about
a
big
change.
So
that's
as
a
as
a
person.
That's
going
to
be
educating
voters.
B
You
should
sort
of
keep
this
in
mind
all
of
this
in
mind
when
you
are
talking
to
people.
Having
said
all
that,
there
are
a
few
best
practices
that
I
will
share
with
you
today
in
terms
of
how
to
talk
to
people
about
rank
choice.
Voting
first
of
all
do
not
get
bogged
down
in
the
theoretical
when
you're
talking
to
people
remember
right
before
I
was
answering
a
question
about
how
much
of
this
is
specific
to
albany's,
ranked
choice,
voting
election
and
how
much
of
this
information
is
general
to
rank
choice.
B
What
voters
really
need
to
know
is
three
basic
things:
one.
This
election,
your
ballot,
is
going
to
be
a
little
bit
different
right.
It's
going
to
look
a
little
bit
different
in
that
ballot,
is
gonna,
give
you
an
opportunity
to
rank
candidates
in
order
of
preference,
so
your
first
choice
will
be
the
candidate.
You
love
second
choice:
the
candidate
you
like
third
choice,
the
candidate
you
can
live
with,
etc,
and
the
third
thing
that
voters
will
need
to
know
is
using
that
ballot.
We're
going
to
be
electing
two
city
council
members.
B
B
You
don't
need
to
talk
about
tabulation.
Please
don't
you
don't
need
to
talk
about
algorithms
or
machine
redistribution
of
votes
or
surplus
votes
and
how
one
fraction
of
the
vote
is
going
to
go
to
the
next
choice
on
your
ballot.
These
are
things
that
I'm
mentioning
to
you
because
we're
getting
in
the
weeds
here
a
little
bit
we're
going
deep,
and
I
want
to
make
sure
that
you
understand
the
ins
and
outs
of
this.
B
Your
run-of-the-mill
voter
does
not
have
any
interest
in
knowing
any
of
this,
and
if
they,
if
you
encounter
that
unicorn
voter,
that
really
gets
into
this
tabulation
voting
machines,
algorithms,
and
all
that
I
strongly
recommend
that
you
don't
talk
about
it,
but
that
you
say:
oh,
the
you
know
the
city
or
the
county
has
a
great
information
on
on
those
kind
of
questions.
Here's
here's
the
web
address
right
for
their
website.
B
B
When
you
are
talking
to
voters
you,
your
goal
is
to
make
sure
that
they
feel
comfortable,
that
they're,
confident
that
they're,
that
they're
going
to
be
able
to
use
the
ballot
in
a
way
that
is
going
to
make
their
vote
count
and
their
feel.
You
know
they
have
power
in
who
gets
elected
right,
that
their
vote
is
going
to
count
as
they
intended
it
to
and
that
the
election
is
going
to
be
secure
and
that
they're
you
know
they're,
confident
and
that
they're
comfortable.
B
Those
are
your
goals
when
you're,
educating
voters
talking
about
again
about
algorithms
or
vote
redistribution
or
things
that,
like
only
kind
of
like
a
policy
wonky
person
would
know,
even
those
terms
is
not
a
way
to
make
the
average
voter
feel
confident
or
comfortable.
So
this
leads
us
to
our
next
point
best
practice,
which
is
keep
it
simple.
B
Best
practice
really
is
to
keep
your
message
to
like
a
fifth
grade
level.
You
know,
keep
the
message
very
simple,
very
consistent,
don't
go
down
rabbit
holes,
keep
it
really
based
on
the
three
points
that
you
want.
Your
voters
to
know
about,
which
is
your
ballot's
gonna.
Look
a
little
bit
different
to
use
this
ballot,
you
need
to
rank
the
candidates
in
order
of
preference.
B
B
When
things
get
a
little
bit
confusing
complicated
for
the
voter
there,
you
can
see
that
they're,
perhaps
getting
confused,
bring
it
back
to
the
voters
and
their
values
right.
This
is
about
you
as
a
voter,
like
this
new
way
of
voting.
This
ranked
choice
ballot
really
allows
you
as
a
voter,
to
really
vote
your
conscience.
You
can
rank
your
favor
candidate
number
one
on
your
ballot,
regardless
of
whether
that
candidate
has
a
chance
of
winning
or
not.
B
The
cool
thing
about
ranked
choice.
Voting
is
that
your
vote
will
not
be
wasted.
If
you
use
your
ballot
and
you
rank
your
candidates,
even
if
your
candidate
is
not
viable,
if
you
have
a
backup
choice,
your
vote
will
still
be
in
play.
That
brings
it
back
to
the
voters
and
their
values
right.
What
voters
want
to
know
is
that
their
vote
means
something
that
they
it's
worth
their
time
and
their
wild
to
fill
a
ballot
and
to
actually
vote
in
an
election,
because
their
vote
will
not
be
wasted.
B
B
We
rank
things
right.
We
have
a
number
of
options.
You
make
a
decision
again,
you
go
to
a
restaurant
with
and
you
look
at
the
menu
and
you
basically
rank
those
items.
You
figure
out
what
you
want
and
if
the
server
comes
and
tells
you
like
we're
out
of
that
item,
you
have
a
backup
choice
and
that's
how
we
do
it.
B
If
you
have
many
kids
right,
if
you
have
more
than
one
kid,
it's
a
ranking
exercise
to
figure
out
what
activity
you're
going
to
do
with
your
kids.
Maybe
somebody
wants
to
go
to
the
playground.
Maybe
somebody
wants
to
go
to
the
movies
you
find
out
what
the
consensus
activity
is
through
a
process
of
ranking
much
like
this,
and
then
you
ensure
that
the
majority
of
the
kids
are
doing
an
activity
that
they
can
get
behind,
so
reminding
people
that
we
rank
things
every
day
is
good.
B
Having
said
all
that,
the
absolute
best
way
to
educate
people
is
to
show
them
a
ballot
and
to
have
it
fill
it
out,
we
really
recommend
not
ever
having
a
ballot
with
the
names
of
actual
people
and
certainly
not
actual
candidates
on
them
and
there's
a
reason
for
that
right.
We
we
use,
we've
used
all
kinds
of
mock
candidates
in
these
mock
ballots,
lunch
items,
national
parks,
favorite,
50s,
rock
and
roll
singers.
B
So,
if
you're
doing
voter
education
work,
if
you're
working
for
an
organization
that
is
doing,
go
tv
work
and
is
wanting
to
make
sure
that
voters
know
there's
an
election
coming
up
and
that
the
ballot
is
going
to
be
looking
a
little
different,
just
have
a
mock
ballot
with
you
that
that
you
can
you
know
if
your
door
knocking
you
just
go
up
to
the
door
once
they
open
the
door,
you
can
say
hey
so,
and
so
with
this
organization.
I
just
want
to
make
sure
you
know:
there's
a
there's.
B
An
election
coming
up.
Our
ballots
are
going
to
look
a
little
bit
different.
This
is
what
they're
going
to
look
like,
and
this
is
what
you're
being
asked
to
do
is
to
rank
the
candidates
in
order
of
preference.
So
can
you
please
rank
in
order
preference,
these
launch
items
and
people
intuitively
know
what
to
do
they?
Do
it
right
there?
They
have
that
experience
of
looking
right,
this
sort
of
visually.
B
You've
educated
that
voter
they
they
they
know
everything
they
need
to
know
about
what
the
ballot
is
going
to
look
like
right
and
how
to
use
it.
Mock
elections
are
an
excellent
way
to
educate
voters
and
by
mock
election
I
mean
you
can
organize
write
an
election.
I've
done
many
of
these,
for
example,
I
will
reach
out
to
a
local
pizza,
parlor
or
ice
cream
parlor,
or
something
like
that
and
say
we'd
love
to
hold
a
mock
election
here
to
educate
voters
about
the
upcoming
election.
B
Voting
what
the
favorite
pizza
is
or
in
in
the
case
of
albany,
what
the
favorite
two
pizzas
are
right,
because
you're
electing
two
people
for
city
council.
This
is
a
great
way
to
do
it.
Businesses
love
it.
Voters
love
it.
Press
will
come
to
these
kinds
of
events.
If
you
invite
them
and
then
you'll
have
a
little
write-up
that
will
reach
then
even
more
voters.
B
It's
a
fun
way
to
learn,
and
I
highly
recommend
doing
like
something
like
this,
if
you're
able
to,
but
whether
you
do
a
bond
collection
or
not
just
having
that
visual
aid
of
what
the
ballot
is
going
to
look
like,
including
giving
them
the
opportunity
to
fill
out
their
own
rankings
so
that
you
don't
give
them
a
filled
out
ballot,
but
rather
give
them
the
opportunity
to
fill
out
a
ballot.
That's
the
best
way
that
there
is
to
educate
voters
on
this
new
election
method.
A
Okay,
we
have
the
first
question
to
clarify:
did
you
say
a
hundred
percent
of
your
second
choice?
Vote
is
counted
if
your
candidate
was
eliminated
and
some
fraction
of
your
second
choice
vote
is
counted
if
your
first
choice,
candidate
got
above
the
threshold
and
zero
percent
of
your
second
choice
vote
is
counted
if
your
candidate
is
in.
Neither
of
these
situations.
B
Yes,
let
me
sort
of
rephrase
this
and
I'm
hoping
that
I'm
answering
this
in
the
way
that
you
asked
it.
So
these
are
three
scenarios
right.
In
one
scenario,
my
first
choice
vote
went
to
a
candidate
that
got
eliminated
and
in
that
case
my
whole
entire
vote
is
going
to
automatically
count
for
the
next
choice
on
my
ballot.
B
So
100
of
my
vote
is
gonna.
Go
to
my
second
choice.
Okay,
that's
that's
one
scenario.
The
other
scenario
is
my
first
choice.
Vote
is
still
in
the
race
did
not
get
eliminated,
then
my
vote
will
just
stay
with
my
favorite
candidate.
With
my
first
choice
vote.
My
whole
entire
vote
will
not
move
or
any
fraction
of
it
will
not
move.
As
long
as
my
vote
is
with
that
candidate,
that
is
still
in
the
race.
B
That's
the
second
scenario
there.
The
third
scenario
is:
my
vote
is
with
my
first
choice:
candidate
and
through
a
round
of
elimination.
My
candidate,
my
favorite
candidate,
got
elected
and
actually
got
more
votes
than
it
needed
to
win
right.
So
let's
say
that
my
candidate
needed
a
hundred
votes
to
win,
but
instead
got
110
votes
to
win,
so
it
got
10
more
votes
than
it
needed
right
so
of
all
110
people
who
had
their
vote
on
that
winning
candidate
now
have
10
percent
of
their
vote
go
to
their
second
choice.
B
This
is
the
surplus
vote
part
and
it's
the
most
confusing
thing
to
explain
and
again
voters
the
run-of-the-mill
voter
will
not
even
want
to
know
about
this,
but
that's
how
it
works
right,
so
that
no
candidate
is
getting
more
votes
than
it
needs
right.
As
a
voter,
you
help
it
like
somebody,
but
you
don't
want
to
waste
any
portion
of
your
vote,
so
you
helped
it
like
somebody
if
they
got
10
more
votes
than
they
needed.
One-Tenth
of
your
vote
is
going
to
go
to
the
next
choice
on
your
ballot.
B
A
We
would
vote
for
two
candidates
if
there
are
two
openings
and
both
boats
would
be
counted
now
with
our
cv
at
large.
If
we're
electing
two
city
council
members-
and
there
are
lots
of
candidates,
does
rcv
at
large
means
mean
only
our
first
choice
is
counted
if
two
candidates
break
the
threshold
on
the
first
round.
B
Yes,
if
the
so
the
rounds
right
additional
rounds
of
counting
second
round
thirty
pound
third
round
etc
only
get
triggered
if
no
candidates
won
on
the
first
round,
but
if
only
counting
people's
first
choice
votes.
This
is
within
the
realm
of
possibility,
right
that
only
looking
at
people's
first
choice
votes.
We
get
two
candidates
on
the
first
round,
reaching
that
winning
threshold
of
33
of
the
vote,
plus
one
that's
the
end
of
the
election,
so
your
vote
nobody's
second
choice.
A
And
I
I
also
wanted
to
remind
everyone.
I
know
that
maria
is
re
referring
to
two
two
openings
for
city
council,
but
this
same
same
method.
I
guess
applies
for
board
of
education.
If
you're
here
for
board
of
edge,
if
you're
interested
in
board
of
education,
race
or
running
for
board
of
education,
we
have
three
seats
open
for
board
of
education.
A
B
If
you're
interested
in
that
race
in
order
to
win
you'll
need
to
get
25
of
the
vote
plus
one
thank
you.
Do
we
have
any
other
questions?
Ann?
No,
that's!
That's
it
so
far.
Okay
again
feel
free
to
this
is
the
confusing
part
right
so
like
feel
free
to.
If
anything
comes
up
for
you
as
we
continue,
even
if
it's
stuff
that
we've
already
answered,
please
keep
bringing
it
up
as
we
go
all
right.
So
now
we
are
moving
into
how
rank
choice,
voting
change,
campaigns
and
campaign
strategies.
B
If
you
are
here
because
you
are
running
for
office
or
you're
interested
in
running
for
office
or
you
are
interested
in
working
or
volunteer
for
somebody's
campaign,
this
is
important
information
for
you.
If
you're
a
member
of
the
public
at
large-
and
you
want
to
get
in
the
weeds
a
little
more.
Please
do
stay.
This
training
is
open
for
everybody.
B
So
when
we're
talking
about
what's
the
best
strategy
to
win
a
ranked
choice,
voting
campaign,
it
is
to
build
a
winning
coalition
of
voters
that
include
your
your
primary
base
of
people
who
support
you
and
are
going
to
rank
you
as
their
first
choice
candidate,
but
also
building
out
the
support
of
can
of
voters
who
may
prefer
another
candidate
as
their
favorite.
But
who,
like
you,
pretty
well
and
are
willing
to
rank
you
as
their
second
choice
as
their
backup
candidate.
B
Okay,
so
as
a
candidate,
if
you
ran
for
office
before
you
know
that
the
most
important
thing
to
know
is
what
your
vote
goal
is
right.
What
your
win
number
is
in
terms
of
how
many
votes
you
need
to
get
so
we're
going
to
get
through
that.
This
is
maybe
something
that
is
redundant
to
some
of
you,
and
it
may
be
newer
information
for
some
of
you,
so
we're
we're
just
gonna
go
through
it
together
in
order
to
figure
out
what
your
win
number
is.
B
So
you
figure
out
what
the
turnout
was
for
those
three
elections,
and
you
averaged
you
averaged
them
out.
So
I've
done
this
research
in
city
x.
You
know,
city
x
has
12
000
registered
voters,
but
the
average
of
the
three
past
similar
elections
was
that
about
40
percent
of
the
voters
turned
out
to
vote
for
that
election.
B
So
my
expected
turnout
on
based
on
that
average
is
4
800
voters.
So
I
am
expecting
that
for
this
upcoming
election,
where
I'm
running
for
city
council
there's
going
to
be
about
4
800
voters
turning
out
things
that
you
might
want
to
take
into
account
that
might
change
that
that
calculus
right,
because
you
might
use
that
average
of
three
or
more
similar
past
elections.
B
Maybe
there
is
a
a
really
controversial
or
a
really
charismatic
candidate
that
is
running
for
something
up
ballot
from
you
and
that
that
you're
expecting
that
that's
gonna
drive
up
voter
turnout
or
maybe
there's
just
the
you
know.
Maybe
your
race
is
the
most
exciting
thing
and
there's
nothing
exciting
up
ballot
from
you
that
that
might
actually
drive
voter
turnout
down
a
little
bit.
B
B
So
these
are
a
number
of
things
that
you
might
want
to
consider
right.
So
maybe
the
average
voter
turnout
that
I'm
expecting
based
on
those
three
past
elections
is
4
800
voters,
but
there's
this
really
incredibly
polarizing
ballot
initiative.
That's
going
to
be
on
the
same
ballot,
so
I'm
going
to
bump
out
that
number
to
5
000
voters
right
just
drive
up
that
voter
turnout,
a
little
more
better
to
be
on
the
safe
side
right
better.
B
To
think
that
your
win
number
is
a
little
higher
than
it
actually
needs
to
be,
because
the
last
thing
you
want
is
to
identify
your
your
win
number
and
have
it
be
20
voters
less
than
what
you
actually
need
and
you
reach
your
win
number
and
you
actually
don't
win
the
election
okay.
So
now,
we've
identified
expected
voter
turnout
for
this
upcoming
election.
In
this
example
for
city
x,
electing
two
city
council
members
at
large
two
lunch
items
at
large
is
four
thousand
eight
hundred
voters.
B
B
B
And
then
plus
one
right
so
like
this
is
the
the
the
winning
threshold
so
for
city
council
in
city
x,
we
have
4
800
voters
divided
by
three.
So
that's
the
number
of
seats
plus
one
right,
there's
two
seats.
We
add
one
to
that,
so
4
800,
divided
by
three
plus
one
vote,
equals
1
601
votes.
This
is
your
win
number
if
you're
running
for
city
council,
so
two
candidates
will
have
to
reach
that
number.
B
That's
your
calculation!
In
order
to
be
elected!
Now
you
don't
want
to
again.
Have
your
win
number
be
like
exactly
the
win
number
you
need,
because,
maybe
there's
you
know,
maybe
there's
a
fire
and
a
lot
of
people
are
going
to
not
be
in
albany
to
fill
out
their
ballot
and
and
return
it
or
maybe
it's
just
going
to
be
a
very
rainy
day
on
election
day
and
people
are
not
going
to
turn
out
as
much
as
you
had
expected.
B
So
you
always
want
to
build
in
a
little
cushion
right
if
you,
for
whatever
reason
the
people
that
you
are
counting
on
to
go
out
and
vote
for
you
if
a
number
of
them
don't
go
out
and
vote
for
you,
you
want
to
build
a
little
cushion
of
having
more
voters
that
you
can
count
on
than
the
number
that
you
actually
need.
So
we
recommend
adding
three
to
five
percent
cushion
to
that
to
that
number.
So,
instead
of
looking
at
a
33
plus
one
look
at
36
percent
right
as
your
winning
threshold.
B
B
B
So
in
this
case,
that
is
1201
votes
again.
You'd
want
to
add
that
little
bit
of
cushion
to
make
sure
that
you're
going
to
reach
that
winning
threshold,
even
if
some
of
your
voters
that
you're
counting
on
don't
show
up
to
vote
so
instead
of
going
for
25
of
the
vote
plus
one,
you
can
go
to
28
percent
of
the
vote.
That
is
your
winning
goal.
Winning
number
so,
in
this
case,
for
board
of
education
to
get
one
of
the
three
seats
that
are
open,
you'll
need
1,
34
votes.
B
So
that's
the
second
part
of
math
that
I
was
saying
I
was
going
to
get
over
go
over
with
you
all
again,
if
you,
if
you
ran
campaigns
before
if
you've
been
a
candidate
before
this,
should
make
sense
to
you.
It's
just
a
change
in
what
the
winning
threshold
is
right,
we're
not
talking
about
a
majority
of
the
50
plus
one
or
in
some
places.
It's
just
the
plurality
of
the
vote
like
getting
more
votes
than
anybody
else
with
rank
choice.
B
Voting
you
have
to
take
into
account
what
that
winning
threshold
is
and
work
out
a
winning
number
based
on
that
information.
So,
in
a
ranked
choice,
voting
election,
a
successful
candidate
should
have
a
large
number
of
first
choices.
It
is
virtually
impossible
for
somebody
to
win
a
seat
use.
You
know
in
a
ranked
choice
voting
election
if
they
don't
have
a
strong
showing
of
first
choice.
Votes
like
this
whole
idea
that
that
you
can
have
very
poor,
showing
of
first
choice
votes
but
somehow
come
from
behind
with
second
and
third
choice
votes.
B
That
is
just
not
a
plausible
way
of
winning
a
rank
choice.
Voting
election-
that's
just
not
the
way
that
it
can
work.
Successful
candidate
will
have
a
large
number
of
first-choice
votes,
big
winning
coalition
again
right.
That
includes
a
lot
of
people
who
are
voting
for
you,
as
as
their
first
choice
and
then,
depending
on
how
many
candidates
are
running
on
in
the
race
like
how
how
big
the
field
is.
B
In
other
words,
how
can
I
build
my
base
of
strong
supporters,
the
people
who
are
going
to
rank
me
as
their
first
choice,
the
people
who
are
going
to
volunteer
for
my
campaign,
the
people
who
are
going
to
donate
to
my
campaign
right?
How
can
I
make
that
base
of
first
choice,
voters
as
large
as
they
can?
B
B
B
Each
one
of
you
you've
assessed
pretty
much,
has
the
support
of
40
of
the
voters,
and
you
can
count
on
those
people.
These
are
people
who
again
are
sort
of
volunteering
for
you.
They
have
your
lawn
sign
on
their
lawn
they're
donating
to
your
campaign,
whatever
the
case
may
be.
This
is
your
base
right.
You
have
40
of
of
the
voters.
B
The
your
opponent
can
count
on
40
being
their
base,
and
this
leaves
about
20
of
the
voters
as
undecided
right
in
the
old
way
of
doing
business.
The
undecided
vote.
Those
20
of
the
voters
are
the
voters
that
every
single
candidate
is
trying
to
get.
These
are
the
voters
that
get
all
the
all
the
attention.
B
B
You
pretty
much
know
that
they're
going
to
show
up
and
they're
going
to
vote
for
you.
Your
opponent
feels
the
same
way
about
their
base
and
everybody's
fighting
for
these
20
percent
of
undecideds.
Now
to
me
this
is
not
real
democracy,
because
only
20
of
the
voters
are
really
being
courted.
If
you
will
right
there,
the
other
80
of
the
voters
are
are
taken
for
granted.
B
In
rank
choice
voting,
this
is
the
visual
that
that
I
like
to
share
as
opposed
to
that
venn
diagram
that
we
had
in
the
previous
slide
with
rank
chase
voting.
I
would
invite
you
to
think
about
it
visually
as
a
set
of
concentric
circles
right.
The
circle
in
the
middle.
The
darkest
circle
here
is
represents
the
intensity
of
support
right.
B
It
gets
from
from
dark
to
to
lighter
color
in
terms
of
what
the
intensity
of
support
is
for
you
as
a
candidate
or
for
your
candidate,
so
that
darker
blue
circle
in
the
middle
is
your
first
choice.
Voters
again,
this
is
like
your
solid
base,
people
who
will
volunteer
for
you
donate
money
to
you
who
are
you
know,
tabling
and
giving
other
voters
information
about
your
campaign.
B
These
folks,
you
can
absolutely
count
on
you
being
their
first
choice.
Vote.
The
next
circle
out
in
lighter
blue
are
voters
who
can
be
your
second
choice
votes
right,
so
they
likely
they.
You
know
that
they
support
a
different
candidate,
one
of
your
opponents
in
this
race,
that
they
prefer
a
different
candidate
in
the
race,
but
it
makes
sense
for
them
to
mark
you
as
their
second
choice,
because
perhaps
your
policy
positions
are
very
similar
to
their
favorite
candidates
policy
positions.
B
Right,
maybe
you
differ
in
a
couple
of
ways,
but
it's
just
a
good
fit
right.
If
they
can't
have
their
favorite,
they
would
want
to
have
you
as
their
backup
plan
and
so
on
and
so
forth.
Right
then,
you
you
move
on
to
the
the
next
lighter
blue
circle,
which
is
okay,
who
are
the
voters
that
that
prefer
another
candidate
as
their
first
choice
and
actually
prefer
another
candidate
as
their
second
choice?
B
But
given
a
scenario
where
neither
of
those
preferred
candidates
are
viable
would
rather
see
me
elected
than
somebody
else,
so
this
is
a
way
to
think
about
it
that
is
very
different
than
those
sort
of
zeros
us
versus
them,
and
this
little
sliver
of
undecided
voters
with
rank
choice.
Voting
every
single
voter
is
on
the
table
to
support
you,
whether
it's
going
to
be
as
a
first
choice
vote.
B
Second,
choice
vote
third
choice
vote
or
whatever
it
is
so
with
rank
choice
voting
you
really
want
to
think
again
about
building
a
winning
coalition
of
voters.
That
includes
your
solid
base
and
also
includes
those
potential
second
choice
and
third
choice
votes.
So
let's
talk
about
this
in
more
depth.
B
When
we're
talking
about
building
this
winning
coalition
of
voters,
it's
all
about
mobilizing
your
base
right
so
identifying
who
those
voters
are.
That
will
mark
you
as
their
first
choice
on
their
ballot.
So
first
thing
again,
this
might
be
redundant
for
many
of
you
is
figuring
out
who
your
personal
base
is
right.
These
are
the
people
who
you
have
a
personal
relationship
with
that
it
just
makes
sense
that
they
would
be
supporting
your
candidacy
right.
These
are
your
your
family
members,
your
friends,
your
neighbors,
your
co-workers,
again,
people
who
know
you!
B
B
It
would
make
sense
for
you
to
reach
out
to
those
groups,
because
there
is
an
affinity
there
in
terms
of
who
you'd
be,
who
you
represent
in
the
community.
What
part
of
the
community
you
may
come
from
what
issues
might
be
important
to
you?
If
you
are
an
environmentalist
right,
you
really
care
about
like
just
transit
and
like
zero
emissions
and
climate
change,
and
these
kinds
of
things
then,
which
groups
are
working
on
this
in
your
community.
B
B
You
need
to
win
their
support
right.
You
need
to
show
up
for
them.
You
can't
ask
these
groups
to
just
support
you
because
they're
african-american,
and
so
are
you
or
they
like
they
care
about
environmental
issues,
and
so
do
you
you
need
to
show
up
for
them.
You
need
to
show
them
that
you
are
willing
to
roll
up
your
sleeves
and
support
their
issues
and
and
show
up
to
their
actions
and
etc.
B
In
order
to
be
to
you
know,
have
a
the
standing
to
ask
for
their
support
and
with
these
groups
right
there,
you
ask
still,
who
should
be
ranking
us
my
campaign
as
their
first
choice
and
who
is
likely
to
be
supporting
a
different
candidate
as
their
first
choice,
but
but
it
makes
sense
that
would
rank
us
as
their
second
choice,
and
why,
right?
What
is
it?
Is
it
about
issues
that
we
care
about
again?
Is
it
about
demographics,
geography,
values,
age?
What
is
it?
B
There
is
particularly
now
right,
young
people,
every
election,
there's,
there's
lots
of
young
people
in
every
community,
pretty
much
that
are
newly
eligible
voters.
Are
they
registered
to
vote?
Are
you
talking
to
them
and
why
should
they
care
about
your
campaign?
So
when
you
bring
new
people
and
new
communities
into
the
political
process,.
B
The
way
to
do
this
is
to
make
people
feel
like
they're,
being
heard
right
so
like
listening
to
what
they
care
about
and
tying
that
to
the
issues
that
you
want
to
work
on,
so
really
having
dialogue
with
people
and
with
with
potential
based
communities
right,
you
guys
care
about
housing.
Let's
talk
about
housing,
what's
important
to
you
right
as
a
young
voter,
like
you're,
still
living
with
your
parents,
you'd
like
to
get
a
new
apartment.
B
The
way
that
you
make
sure
they're
gonna
show
up
to
vote
is
to
make
sure
that
they
feel
like
you're,
listening
to
them,
that
you
are
bringing
the
issues
that
they
bring
up
to
you
to
the
public
conversation
about
it
into
debates
into
interviews
with
the
media
and
locally
or
otherwise
to
bring
those
community
issues
to
the
forefront.
You
can
make
sure
that
those
voters
that
have
been
disengaged,
for
whatever
reason,
will
be
much
more
likely
to
actually
show
up
and
show
up
for
you
in
the
election.
B
That's
the
most
important
thing,
but
if
they
are
saying
right,
if
you're
talking
to
a
voter
and
they're
saying
you
know
what
I
prefer,
somebody
else
to
not
just
say.
Thank
you
so
much
and
walk
away
from
that
conversation,
but
be
able
to
ask
for
their
second
choice
vote
and
you
do
that
by
asking.
Okay,
that's
cool!
If
you
prefer
somebody
else.
B
B
That's
an
opportunity
for
you
to
say
you
know
what
I
also
have
small
children
in
this
community.
Education
is
important
to
me
and
you
know
always
use
truthful
information,
but
you
can
say
you
know
me,
and
your
favorite
candidate
worked
on
this
issue
for
the
school
some
years
ago
and
we
share
some
values
around
this.
Can
I
count
on
your
second
choice
vote
so
part
of
your
strategy.
B
A
Okay,
we
also
have
another
question:
the
total
number
of
voters
that
cast
a
vote
for
each
of
albany's
ballot
measure
in
2018,
the
last
gubernation
notorious
was
about
7
200..
If
the
electorate
is
this
that
size
again,
what
are
the
threshold
for
winning
a
council
seat
and
winning
a
board
of
education
c?
Thank
you.
A
B
So,
regardless
of
what
the
expected
voter
turnout
is,
and
that's
like
the
you
know,
figuring
out
what
the
expected
voter
turnout
is
going
to
be
for
the
upcoming
election
again
has
to
do
with
a
number
of
things
right.
What
those
voter
turnouts
numbers
have
been
for
past,
similar
elections,
where
there's
like
similar
races,
anything
that
that
changes
up
or
down
the
ballot,
voter
registration
efforts,
etc.
B
So
defining
that
winning
threshold,
that
voter
turnout,
number
is
kind
of
like
a
skill,
and
each
campaign
is
going
to
probably
come
up
with
slightly
different
estimates
of
what
expected
voter
turnout
is
going
to
be,
regardless
of
what
that
number
is.
The
winning
thresholds
are
going
to
remain
the
same.
B
It's
going
to
be
33,
plus
one
of
the
vote
for
each
of
the
two
council
seats
that
are
going
to
be
filled
and
25,
plus
one
of
that
expected
voter
turnout
for
the
three
board
of
election
seats
that
are
going
to
be
filled
so,
whether
it's
you're
expecting
10
000
people
to
show
up
or
5
000
people
to
show
up.
It's
gonna
be
one-third
of
the
vote,
plus
one
for
the
for
the
city,
council
and
one
fourth
of
the
vote,
plus
one
for
the
board
of
elections.
A
A
B
For
example,
right,
usually
more
people
show
up
to
vote
turn
out
to
vote
when
there's
a
mural
race,
then,
when
there's
when
there's
only
city,
council
races,
for
example,
right
so
like
it
doesn't
matter
what
your
expected
turnout
is
you
want
to
get
that
number
as
close
as
you
can
to
what
it's
going
to
be
in
reality,
and
this
is
like
an
educated
exercise
right
like
to
average
past
elections
and
figure
out.
Are
there
things
that
are
going
to
turn
out
voters
more
or
less?
B
You
want
a
really
good
estimate
of
what
the
voter
turnout
is
actually
going
to
be,
and
then
the
winning
threshold
is
going
to
be
the
same.
It's
going
to
be
either
30.
You
know
36
percent
of
that,
with
building
in
your
your
cushion
or
28
of
that
building
in
your
cushion,
depending
of
whether
you're
talking
about
city,
council
or
board
of
education.
A
And
for
those
of
you
who
are
interested
to
see
what
the
past
voter
turnout
is,
you
can
always
go
to
the
alameda
county,
voter
registration,
voter
registrar's
office
website,
which
is
acvote.org
against
a
c
v,
o
t
e
dot,
org
and
under
one
of
the
tab.
It
says
elections
and
you
can.
It
has
data,
and
I
don't
have
it
in
front
of
me
so,
but
there
is
data
in
there
that
that
you
can
go
back
to
many
years
to
see
how
many
voters
turned
out
to
vote
for
certain
election
years.
B
B
B
This
is
an
election
in
the
city
at
large
right.
So
let's
say
that
in
my
campaign
I
am
able
to
convene
to
bring
together
a
hundred
volunteers
right,
and
this
would
include
your
family
members,
your
sort
of
like
your
base,
community
people
who
who
are
aligned
on
you
on
values.
You
have
a
hundred
people
helping
you
win
this
campaign,
which
is
not
an
unreasonable
unreachable
number
of
volunteers
to
get
right,
you're
running
for
board
of
education.
B
B
This
is
the
beauty
about
this
kind
of
voting.
Is
that
you
really
can
target
your
message
right
to
those
voters
that
will
align
on
with
you,
because
again
because
of
values
because
of
demographics,
geography,
age
whatever
it
is
that
that
that
you
need
but
getting
1300
votes
in
a
city
the
size
of
this
city,
which
is
you
know
somewhat
comparable
to
to
your
city?
It's
not
insurmountable
right.
B
You
can
get
if
you
can
get
100
volunteers
and
each
one
of
them
to
secure
the
vote
of
13
people
to
rank
you
as
as
their
first
choice
you
want
to
see,
it
doesn't
require
incredible
amounts
of
money
or
like
a
big
political
machine
behind
you.
It
is
something
that
you
know.
Perhaps
a
community
organizer
can
can
reach
or
somebody
who's.
Just
been
a
community
leader
for
some
time
so
just
wanted
to
put
perspective
in
there.
B
B
B
You
know
small
dollar
amounts
whatever
it
may
be,
people
and
money
you
can
build
time
is
limited,
and
time
is
what
you
have.
The
time
you
have
is
what
you
have
so,
if
you're
a
seasoned
campaign
person,
you
know
this
right
so
like
the
main
thing
that
that
you
will
do
is
is
create
a
timeline
right.
It
ends
on
election
day.
What
needs
to
happen?
How
are
you
going
to
best
leverage
and
utilize?
B
The
other
two
resources
in
the
timeline
that
you
have
campaign
plans
are
developed
to
determine
how
best
used,
how
best
to
use
these
resources
and
rank
choice.
Voting
will
impact
your
strategy
on
how
to
use
these
resources
because
rank
choice.
Voting
is
a
little
bit
different
right,
so,
let's
get
into
into
that.
B
B
You
need
to
do
factual,
comparative
research
on
what
are
the
issues
that
are
driving
this
campaign
season
again.
Are
there
hot
topics,
hot
issues
in
your
community
that
everybody
is
talking
about?
Maybe
that
is
something
that
is
very
polarizing
and
driving
out.
Voter
turnout,
increasing
civic
discourse
about
that
issue
in
your
community
and
where
do
all
the
candidates
stand
on
those
hot
button
issues,
including
yourself
right?
B
B
Are
you
running
on
just
being
in
opposition
to
the
current
person
who's
holding
your
the
seat
that
you're
running,
for
what
are
your
issues
for
your
campaign
and
how
does
the
field
of
candidates
align
on
your
issues
are
other
people
running
on
the
same
types
of
issues
are?
Is
somebody
running
on
the
complete
opposite
take
on
that
specific
issue?
B
First,
in
this
lunch
item
example,
I
am
let's
say
that
I
am
hamburger.
That's
my
candidate
and
I
am
thinking
that
chicken's,
probably
gonna,
get
more
first-choice
votes
than
me,
but
I'm
going
to
be
coming
in.
Second,
I'm
going
to
be
doing
pretty
good,
I'm
going
to
be
a
viable
candidate
after
the
first
round,
and
I'm
pretty
sure
that
tacos
is
going
to
be
eliminated.
First
they're,
just
not
running
a
good
campaign.
The
issues
that
they're
running
on
are
just
not
resonating
with
most
of
the
community.
B
So
it's
going
to
be
my
educated
guess
right
that
tacos
is
going
to
be
eliminated.
First,
how
do
tacos
candidates
feel
about
me
do
do
does
taco
right
as
a
candidate.
Do
they
have
similar
values,
as
I
do,
do
they
care
about
similar
things,
or
are
they
totally
opposite,
opposite
values?
Do
we
have
nothing
in
common
right?
Are
we
running
on
completely
distinct
and
non-compatible
platforms?
B
That's
going
to
be
important
right
if
you
feel
if,
as
hamburger,
that's
my
candidate,
if
I
feel
that
taco
voters
probably
aligned
with
my
candidate
on
on
many
issues
again-
maybe
you
know
it
is
about
education
and
expanding
green
spaces
in
the
community.
That's
something
that
both
candidates,
hamburger
and
tacos
care
about.
B
Then
absolutely
I
want
to
have
a
plan
so
that
when
taco
gets
eliminated,
those
voters
are
going
to
have
ranked
me
as
their
second
choice
and
and
we'll
get
into
how
to
track
these
things
and
how
to
as
a
candidate
as
a
campaign,
know
right
who
who's
voting
for
who
and
who
their
second
choice
is,
but
in
terms
of
your
research
right
figure
this
out,
if
I
think
tacos
is
going
to
be
eliminated
first,
what
are
they
running
on?
How
do
we
align
on
those
issues
that
they're
running
on
that
I'm
running
on?
B
And
then
you
know
the
trick
is
to
target.
How
are
you
gonna
target
so
you're
gonna
target
your
first
choice
votes
your
first
choice:
voters
because
they
they're
gonna,
tell
you
right
when
you
are
making
phone
calls
or
doing
a
tax
bank
or
going
to
door
to
door,
knocking
you're
gonna,
ask
people,
you
know
I'm
I'm
here
with
so
and
so
I'm
running
for
city
council.
These
are
the
things
that
are
important
to
me.
Can
I
count
on
your
first
choice,
vote
they're
going
to
say:
oh
my
god,
I
love
that.
B
Do
you
have
a
long
sign?
You'll,
definitely
get
my
first
choice
vote
and
then
you'll
ask
them
to
volunteer
for
your
campaign
and
to
help
you
get
elected
right.
That's
going
to
be
your
primary
target
after
that
you're
going
to
figure
out
again
right:
okay,
who's,
gonna
who's
likely
to
be
eliminated.
First.
B
B
This
is
sometimes
like
a
three
tiered
data
points
right
either
a
strong
support,
undecided
or
supporting
somebody
else.
That's
as
far
as
you
go
with
rank
choice,
voting
that
gets
a
little
bit
more
nuanced
right,
and
this
is
important
for
you,
because
if
somebody
tells
you
that
they
strongly
support
you
and
they,
you
can
absolutely
count
on
their
first
choice.
Well,
then,
that's
awesome.
B
B
If
somebody
tells
you
you
know
what
I
am
just
learning
about
the
candidates,
but
I
like
what
you're
telling
me-
and
I
unlikely
you
know-
I'm
learning
about
the
other
candidates,
but
right
now
with
what
I've
learned,
I
think
it's
possible
that
I'll
rank
you,
as
my
first
choice,
vote
again
right
you
tap
and
tap
into
them
in
terms
of
additional
support.
Awesome.
Would
you
like
a
lawn
sign?
B
Can
can
I
come
back
and
talk
to
you
in
a
couple
weeks
after
you've
learned
about
the
other
candidates
and
see
where
you
stand
and
if
they,
if
you
come
back
and
they're
like
I'm,
not
sure,
say,
okay.
Well,
I
would
love
your
first
choice
vote.
But
if
you
find
another
candidate
that
you
align
more
with,
I
would
love
to
count
on
your
second
choice
vote.
Can
I
have
your
first
or
second
choice,
vote
right,
you're
still
going
for
that?
B
First
choice
vote,
but
in
case
you
don't
get
it
you're
asking
for
the
second
choice.
If
somebody
is
just
completely
undecided
if
they're
like
you
know,
I
didn't
even
know
we
had
an
election
coming
up.
You
know.
I
have
no
idea.
This
is
the
first
I
hear
of
it.
I
know
nothing
about
who's
running
or
what
they
stand
for.
There's
still
an
opportunity
to
persuade
them
to
to
choose
you
as
their
first
choice.
Right.
You
have
a
conversation
with
them
based
on
the
issues
they
care
about.
B
You
listen
more
than
you
talk
right,
you
listen
to
what
they
care
about,
and
then
you
talk
about
how
that
aligns
with
your
platform-
and
maybe
you
know,
say
I'd
love
to
get
your
first
choice
vote.
But
if
you're
going
to
choose
somebody
else,
I
would
love
to
have
your
second
chaser,
so
so
far,
you're
still
kind
of
having
the
same
conversation
right,
you're
still
going
for
that.
First
choice
vote,
but
you're
sort
of
setting
up
yourself
to
be
their
second
choice
vote
if
they
choose
to
go
with
somebody
else,.
B
With
franchise
voting,
if
they
tell
you,
you
know
what
I
appreciate
you
coming
today
or
calling
me
today,
but
I
actually
love
this
other
candidate
and
I'm
gonna
vote
for
them
old
way
of
doing
things.
Is
you
say,
okay?
Well,
thank
you
for
your
time
and
you
go
to
the
next
house
or
you
make
the
next
call
with
rank
choice.
Voting,
that's
still
an
opportunity
to
say
what
is
it
about
this
candidate,
the
this
other
candidate
that
you
really
like
like?
B
What
are
the
issues
and
the
values
that
they
care
about,
that
align
with
you
and
your
values?
You
listen
to
that
voter
and
then
you
see
if
you
can
align
with
them
right,
because
you've
done
your
research.
You
know
you're
prepared
to
have
this
conversation
with
this
voter.
You
know
what
this
the
other
candidates
care
about
and
why
voters
might
prefer
them,
and
you
know
where
the
points
of
alignment
might
be
with
each
of
the
other
candidates,
so
you're
still
persuading
them.
B
You're
still
saying
I
understand
you
like
somebody
else,
can
I
count
on
your
second
choice
vote,
because
I
also
care
about
these
things
that
you
care
about
and
if
somebody
says,
I'm
absolutely
not
gonna
rank
you.
As
my
first
choice
vote,
I
absolutely
like
somebody
else.
You
have
that
opportunity
still
to
get
their
second
choice
vote
and
if
they
tell
you,
I
absolutely
will
not
be
giving
you
my
first
choice.
Vote.
B
I
absolutely
love
a
different
candidate
and
I
actually
don't
like
you
at
all
and
please
don't
come
back
and
I'm
not
going
to
give
you
my
second
choice.
Vote.
That's
the
only
time
that
you
just
let
go
and
get
this
voter
off
your
list.
You
don't
want
to
bother
them
again.
It's
not
there's
no
persuasion!
There
they've
made
up
their
mind.
They
just
plainly
don't
like
you,
which
is
a
voter's
right
not
to
like
you,
that's
fine.
B
B
B
Maybe
they
were
not
home
or
it
was
a
bad
time
right.
If
somebody
refused
to
talk
if
somebody
was
inaccessible
or
if
that
was
just
the
wrong
information
in
terms
of
that
person
actually
doesn't
live
there
anymore.
So
this
is
kind
of
like
the
way
that
you
would
do
this
with
any
kind
of
election.
So
if
you
ran
an
election,
this
probably
looks
familiar.
B
Then
you
want
to
document
the
level
of
support
that
the
voter
has
for
you.
Are
they
strong
supporters
like
do
they
say?
I'm
gonna
rank
you
as
my
first
choice:
are
they
leaning
and
support
to
you?
Are
they
undecided?
Are
they
leaning
towards
somebody
else,
or
are
they
absolutely
gonna?
Give
somebody
else
their
first
chase
vote.
You
want
to
know
this.
You
want
to
know
this
because
when
it's
time
to
target
right
those
who's
going
to
get
eliminated
first,
and
how
do
I
connect
with
their
voters?
B
B
So
the
other
thing
that
you
want
to
to
document
is:
who
else
are
they
supporting
of
of
the
other
people
in
your
cohort?
So
once
you
have
this
information,
you
can
really
use
this
for
your
strategy
in
terms
of
targeting
right.
So
I
am
hamburger
and
I
think
taco
is
going
to
be
eliminated
first
after
the
first
round.
B
If
I
talk
to
a
voter-
and
they
say
you
know
what
I
am
supporting
tacos-
that's
my
favorite
candidate
and
I
might
be
open
to
supporting
you
as
a
second
choice.
You
want
to
know
that,
because
you
want
to
make
sure
that
you
reach
out
close
to
election
day
when
it's
clear
to
you
that
taco
is
going
to
be
eliminated
first,
you
want
to
circle
back
and
do
just
like
a
target
campaign
for
all
those
voters.
B
A
I'm
not
seeing
any,
but
earlier
I
think
there
was
a
question
in
regards
to
or
not
a
question,
but
it
was
assumed.
Voter
turnout
was
about
7
200,
so
I
used
a
little
bit
of
time
and
looked
up
the
previous
voter
turnout.
If
people
are
interested
in
2020
I'll
start
with
2014.
2014,
there
was
about
6130
2016
9500,
20,
18,
80
900.
B
B
B
Okay,
yes,
go
ahead,
so
an
effective
field
strategy
incorporates
rank
choice,
voting
education
into
voter
outreach
in
general,
and
I'm
not
asking
for
you
as
a
campaign
volunteer
or
a
team
member
to
become
a
rank,
choice,
voting
educator
and
use
a
lot
of
your
time
with
voters
talking
about
rank
choice.
Voting.
This
can
be
done
very
surreptitiously
without
a
lot
of
investment,
but
our
cv
education
should
be
incorporated
into
all
your
literature
and
all
your
scripts
when
you're,
when
you're
talking
to
voters
or
or
doing
a
text
bank
with
voters.
B
So
let's
look
about
that.
A
little
bit.
Candidates
are
the
front
line
of
voter
education,
especially
in
a
ranked
choice.
Voting
election,
where
every
single
vote
is
in
play,
even
if
people
are
supporting
somebody
else
as
their
favorite
candidate.
You
still
want
to
be
talking
to
those
too
many
of
those
voters
to
build
your
winning
coalition.
B
The
most
common
way
that
voters
learn
about
rank
choice.
Voting
is
through
candidates
like
you,
if
you're
running
so
educating,
voters
to
rank
their
ballots,
help
your
chances
of
getting
elected
and
ensures
that
all
voters
are
fully
enfranchised.
So
if
voters
know
what
the
changes
are
right
again,
that
there's
a
change
coming,
that
their
ballot
is
going
to
look
different,
that
this
is
what
it's
going
to
look
like
and
that
this
is
how
you
use
your
ballot.
B
B
Every
single
person
in
your
team
staff
and
volunteers
should
have
a
basic
understanding
of
how
rank
choice,
voting
works
and
basic
understanding.
That's
like
agreed
upon
messaging
points
on
how
to
talk
about
it
to
voters
when,
when
you're
doing
outreach,
everyone
on
your
team
must
understand
and
be
able
to
explain
at
a
very
basic
level
how
it
works,
and
all
volunteers
should
be
able
to
describe
how
how
a
ballot
works
and
point
to
additional
resources
to
provide
more
information.
B
So
again,
nobody
is
asking
everybody
to
be
an
expert
but
be
able
to
explain
basic
terms
how
it
works,
and
if
people
have
further
questions,
even
if
people
don't
have
further
questions,
just
give
them
a
piece
of
like
a
printed
material
with
a
mock
right
like
a
sample
mock
ballot
that
they
can
look
at,
that
they
can
fill
out.
That
has
for
more
information
go
to,
and
it
could
be
the
you
know
the
county
website
or
or
or
whatever
it
may
be.
B
An
effective
rank
choice.
Voting
communication
strategy
incorporates
always
incorporates
as
for
lower
rankings-
and
this
goes
to
the
point
that
somebody
brought
up
before
like.
Is
it
a
winning
strategy
to
to
team
up
with
other
candidates
running
in
the
race
if
they
have
similar
platforms
than
you
do
or
similar
values
that
you
do?
It
is
definitely
worth
considering
doing
that.
B
It
could
be
a
cost-saving
thing
for
you
right
if
you're
splitting
the
cost
of
lit
materials
mailers
or
like
door
hangs
or
whatever
it
is
that
you're
doing
here's
a
few
examples
right
of
people
who
did
just
that
in
the
bottom
there
towards
the
left.
We
have
two
women
who
ran
for
city
council
in
saint
paul,
minnesota
they're,
both
about
you
know,
they're
similar-ish,
age
they're,
both
from
the
asian
american
community
in
st
paul,
and
they
decided
right.
B
Let's
we,
we
have
we're
likely
have
the
same
sort
of
like
base
of
voters,
so
instead,
instead
of
asking
them
to
to
pick
favorites
one
against
the
other,
let's
just
run
as
a
slate
right.
So
the
way
they
did
it
is
they
ran
these
ads
together
they
did
their
mailers
together
and
each
of
their
messages
was
what
vote
for
me
for
number
one
vote
for
her
for
number
two
and
the
other
one
would
say
the
same
thing
vote
for
me
as
number
one
vote
for
her
as
number
two.
B
That
way
that
would
ensure
that
the
their
base
felt
that
they
could
actually
support
both
of
them
right.
They
could
actually
pick
their
favorite
and
and
have
a
backup
plan,
be
the
other
one
and
ensure
that
one
of
them
was
going
to
get
elected,
and
indeed
they
did.
We
have
some
other
examples
of
that
for
different
races,
suite
for
governor
right
campaigning
together,
instead
of
against
the
way
the
main
politics
should
be
two
people
running
for
governor
similar
platforms.
B
B
B
Here
we
have
a
mailer
from
london
breed
in
san
francisco
right
she's,
not
talking
about
any
of
the
other
candidates.
She's
just
saying
vote
london
breed
number
one,
two
or
three:
that's
it.
You're,
educating
voters
on
rank
choice,
voting
just
by
saying
rank
me
as
your
first
second
or
third
choice
that
tells
voters.
Oh
I'm
gonna
have
an
opportunity
to
rank
my
choices
same
thing
over
here
to
the
right.
B
This
is
for
a
ranked
choice.
Voting
election
in
sandy
utah,
it's
a
very
small
town
in
utah,
real
people
of
sandy
rank
monica
z
number
one
for
mayor.
This
informs
voters
that
there's
gonna
be
a
number
one
and
presumably
a
number
two
and
a
number
three
and
so
forth.
So
this
is
what
I
mean
by
incorporating
incorporating
rank
choice,
voting
education
into
all
of
your
messaging.
You
don't
have
to
talk
about
rent
choice.
B
B
And
I
know
that
we're
a
minute
over
time,
but
I
want
to
go
really
briefly
on
this
point
about
the
risks
of
negative
campaigning
in
a
ranked
choice.
Voting
campaign
going
negative
is
the
way
to
go
in
most
of
the
ways
that
we
elect
our
representatives
with
franchise
voting.
It's
not
a
winning
strategy,
and
this
is
why,
if
I
am
going
to
be
needing
your
vote,
your
second
choice
vote
at
the
end
of
the
day,
I'm
going
to
be
needing
your
second
choice.
Vote
to
get
elected.
B
That's
not
gonna
fly
right
if
you've
alienated
that
voter
in
terms
of
what
their
values
are
and
the
candidate
that
they
picked
as
their
favorite.
If
you
told
them
that
they're
a
bad
degenerate
person
for
making
that
choice,
you
are
not
going
to
get
that
voter's.
Second
choice
when
the
time
comes
to
get
it,
so
the
best
strategy
is
to
distinguish
yourself
from
the
other
candidates
without
disparaging
them
on
a
personal
or
professional
level.
B
You
can
say
you
know
I'm
different
than
the
other
candidates,
because
I
believe
in
these
you
know
these
are
my
values,
and
this
is
my
platform,
and
nobody
else
is
talking
about
these
things
without
saying
and
therefore
they're
they're,
not
intelligent
people
and
they're,
not
serious
candidates,
and
you
shouldn't
consider
them
because
clearly,
I'm
the
best
choice
here,
the
risks
of
going
negative
are
real
when
it's
time
to
go.
Ask
for
the
second
choice.
Vote
for
voters
that
you've
identified
are
voting
for
somebody
else.
B
And
finally,
in
terms
of
going
negative
as
a
candidate,
you
determine
the
tone
of
your
campaign,
so
you
get
to
set
the
tone
from
the
top
that,
like
top
to
your
campaign
manager,
to
like
your
field,
people
all
the
way
down
to
the
the
newest
volunteer
that
you
may
have
on
on
your
team.
Make
sure
that
people
know
that
where
right,
you
can
make
a
choice
like
these
are
the
things
where
I'm
as
a
as
a
candidate.
B
B
You
need
to
have
control
of
how
negative
you're
willing
to
go
and
where
and
make
sure
that
everybody
knows
that
on
your
team.
Okay,
that
is,
that
is
the
end
of
our
presentation.
I
appreciate
you
staying
a
couple
minutes
longer
than
allotted
I'm
happy
to
say
if
anybody
has
a
couple
more
questions,
but
we
can
wrap
it
up.
Otherwise,.
A
Sorry
about
that,
I
just
switched
a
slice
so
that
people
can
see
that
the
city
website
on
rank
choice.
Voting
is
albany,
ca.org,
rcv
and
just
we
do
have
one
question
that
came
in.
If
you
can
answer
it
in
a
little
bit
and
if
you
have
any
further
questions,
feel
free
to
email
to
cityclerk,
albanyca.org.
A
A
A
Rcv,
so
the
question
that
we
have
is
in
the
park
prior
city
council
election,
there
were
two
candidates
who
ran
a
coordinated
campaign.
One
got
more
votes
than
the
other.
Let's
assume
they
came
in
number
one
and
number
two
in
the
last
election
this
year.
What
if
every
voter,
who
wanted
the
who
wanted
the
two
candidate
slate
to
win,
put
the
more
popular
candidate
as
their
first
choice
and
the
other
in
the
slate
as
their
second
choice,
with
our
cv
at
large?
A
B
Whether
you're
electing
a
single
winner
or
you're
electing
multiple
winners,
it
is
very
unlikely
that
the
the
least
popular
candidate
is
going
to
get
elected.
Because,
again,
you
need
that
broad
base
of
support
right
you're,
reaching
either
a
majority
of
support
or
a
relative
majority
if
you're
electing
more
than
one
candidate.
B
In
terms
of
the
first
part
of
the
question
I
mean
this
goes
a
little
bit
into
the
weeds
in
terms
of
like
surplus
vote
right
so
like
if,
if
there's
a
slate
of
two
candidates
that
are
running
on
similar
platforms
and
and
most
of
the
voters
are,
are
ranking
both
of
them.
They
want
both
of
them
elected.
Then,
whoever
gets
the
majority
like
more
more
votes
than
the
other
one
and
reaches
that
threshold.
B
If
they
get
more
votes
than
that
threshold,
then
a
portion
of
each
of
their
votes
is
going
to
go
to
the
next
choice
on
their
ballot,
which
presumably
is
the
other
candidate
on
the
same
slate
right
in
the
similar
values
slate.
So
it
bodes
well
for
both
of
those
candidates
if
they're
running
as
a
as
a
slate
if
they
actually
gathered
the
support
of
most
of
the
voters
in
the
city,
it's
very
likely,
with
this
kind
of
voting
that
they
both
will
be
both
will
be
elected.
I
hope
that
answers
it.