►
Description
Holocaust Survivor Monique Saigal discusses her book, "French Heroines: 1940-1945: Courage, Strength and Ingenuity" at the Arlington Public Library on Sept. 6 2017.
A
B
C
Everybody
thank
you
all
so
much
for
coming
out
tonight
to
hear
Monique
Segal
discuss
her
book.
French
heroines
from
1940
to
1945
Monique
has
been
here
two
other
times.
I
believe
this
is
your
third
time
here
and
Monique
has
a
standing
invitation
that
anytime,
that
she's
in
town
and
would
like
to
come
to
the
library
and
discuss
her
book
she's.
Welcome
to
because
her
story
is
very
important
to
hear
and
the
stories
of
the
18
French
Resistance.
The
ladies
of
the
French
Resistance
is
also
very
important
to
hear.
So.
A
The
reason
why
I
did
this
project
is
because
our
mother
never
wanted
to
tell
us
anything
about
what
happened
to
her
during
the
war
and
she
said
that
our
father
had
repressed
everything
that
she
had
repressed
everything,
and
so
fortunately,
one
day
I
heard
that
a
professor
at
Cal,
State,
Los
Angeles,
was
going
to
take
a
group
of
people
to
visit
the
former
internment
camps
in
France.
Well,
for
me,
it
was
a.
It
was
incredible,
because
I
had
never
heard
about
internment
camps
in
France,
I
left
France
in.
A
A
I
said
what
am
I
going
to
do
with
all
this
information
there's
so
much
so
much
has
been
written
about
the
Holocaust
and
the
survivors,
so
I
decided
to
interview
women
who
were
in
the
French
Resistance,
because
les
was
written
about
them
and
also
they
were
not
the
ones
that
I
interviewed
were
not
allowed
to
use
weapons,
and
so
they
are
to
use
something
else,
so
they
use
their
imagination
and
an
intelligence
and
secretive
things.
So
it
was
very
interesting.
A
So
I
first
wrote
the
book
in
French
and
it
was
published
in
France,
but
my
story
was
not
in
the
book
because
I
was
not
a
heroine.
So
then
I
had
a
professional
translate
the
book
into
English
and
I,
put
in
my
story
of
a
hidden
child
and
I
put
in
pictures.
So
this
is
what
I'm
gonna
talk
to
you
today
is
that?
Okay,
because
this
is,
she
tells
me
if
I
do
well
or
not
like
my
oldest
daughter,
when
my
oldest
daughter
comes,
she
talks,
no,
no,
no,
no,
no,
okay!
So
yes!
A
So
then
I
found
this
huge
thing
this
huge
letter.
This
is
an
original
and
this
is
called
no
home
and
animal.
The
novel
of
a
love,
and
in
this
letter
my
father,
says
he
went
to
a
dance
and
he
saw
my
mother.
Of
course
he
didn't
know
her
then,
and
she
was
she
was
a
terrific
dancer
and
I
don't
have
her
gene.
So
she
was
a
terrific
dancer
and
she
was
moving
in
all
these
sexy
ways.
So
he
thought
she
was
just
a
little
little
cheap
woman.
A
A
So
then
he
he
found
out
who
she
was
where
she
was
where
she
lived,
because
that's
why
I
say
was
probably
a
Jewish
group
and
they
knew
her
or
her
family,
so
her
mother,
because
her
father
had
died
and
so
anyway,
so
they
got
married
in
1937.
So
now,
I
am
really
pleased
to
tell
you
that
I'm
not
the
result
of
of
an
arranged
marriage,
I'm
the
result
of
love,
so
that
was
very
good,
so
next
she's
pushing
the
buttons
okay.
So
you
can
tell
who
these
two
are.
A
Okay,
so
you
know
I
told
you
she
was
only
taught
taller
than
me
well
your
year
apart,
but
still
okay.
So
then
this
is
our
Father,
I
won't
say
God.
If
you
look
at
my
book,
you
will
see
that
I've
changed
the
the
spelling
of
my
name.
I,
don't
exactly
know
why
I
thought
I
wanted
to
be
called
Sehgal
and
not
Segal,
but
then
I
think
I
wanted
to
hide
my
Jewish
origins
when
I
married,
my
Catholic
husband,
although
he
knew
I,
was
Jewish.
A
You
know
so
anyway,
he's
a
soldier
there
and
unfortunately
he
died
at
war
in
a
trench
in
June
1940.
So
never
knew
him.
So
this
is
the
bad
guy.
Do
you
know
who
he
is?
You
know
him?
Was
he
a
nice
guy?
No,
no!
No!
No!
He!
What
happened
is
that
France
declared
war
to
Germany
September
3rd
1939,
because
Germany
had
invaded
Poland.
So
then
about
9
months
later
the
Germans
entered
Paris
and
then
things
began
to
to
cause
trouble
to
France.
A
Because,
then,
a
few
weeks
later,
when
the
soldiers
came
France,
then
France
was
losing
already
and
so
Marichal
Peter,
who
had
been
the
great
hero
of
World
War.
One
didn't
know
what
to
do
so.
He
decided
to
sign
the
armistice
with
Hitler,
so
the
French
were
real
happy.
The
board
is
gonna,
stop
but
know
that
the
war
which
was
starting
so
he
the
10th
of
July
1940.
A
He
becomes
the
chief
of
state
in
France
with
all
the
powers,
legislative
and
executive
and
this
here
he
is
he's
82
years
old
and
he
is
going
to
supposedly
help
France.
So
next
that's
what
he
wants
national
revolution.
So
work,
family
fatherland,
replaced
liberty,
fraternity,
equality
and
work
means
you
work
the
soil.
So
that's
a
good
idea:
I
am
a
vegetable
garden,
I
think
it's
great
family
women,
you
stay
home
and
you
make
children
because
we're
at
first
the
First
World
War.
A
There
are
a
lot
of
people
who
died,
so
you
need
to
replenish
France.
Of
course
the
men
are
not
necessarily
around
because
they're
at
war,
but
he
doesn't
think
that
way.
So
women
stay
home.
You
take
care
of
your
children.
You
make
children
and
you
take
care
of
your
husband
and
the
fatherland
is
friends.
So
this
is
what
happened
when
the
PTM
becomes.
A
The
chief
of
state
France
becomes
divided
in
two
sections:
two
zones,
the
occupied
zone
in
the
north
and
the
free
zone
in
the
south,
except
that
the
free
zone
is
only
free
until
November,
11th,
1942
and
so
click.
The
Vichy
Vichy
is
where
he
rules,
but
then
it
says
his
White
House.
So
of
course
he's
in
the
Free
French.
So
you
can
imagine
it's
not
so
free
and
then
right
now,
I
show
you.
A
The
street
of
the
street
off
is
a
concentration
camp,
the
only
concentration
camp
in
France
with
a
crematorium
to
burn
the
the
people,
because
you
know
that
Hitler
he
wanted
to
kill
the
Jews,
but
also
the
the
the
Communists,
the
gypsies,
the
anarchists.
There
were
a
whole
bunch
of
people
that
he
wanted
to
get
rid
of,
but
the
Jews
were
the
biggest
the
biggest
group,
so
the
street
off
was
there
at
the
border
with
Germany,
because
this
area
was
annexed
by
Germany.
So
this
is
loo-loo.
A
It's
true.
It's
it's!
A
very
small
village.
500
inhabitants
in
the
occupied
zone,
where
I
landed
by
chance-
that's
why
I'm
here
today
so
then
so
then,
in
in
the
in
northern
France,
the
the
French
people
have
to
live
the
German
Way,
whatever
that
is,
and
so
the
names
of
the
streets
are
in
German
and
next
the
Jews
will
have
to
wear
the
Jewish
star,
because
in
September
1942
they
will
have
to
register
as
Jews
they'll
have
to
buy
their
yellow
star
with
their
own
tickets,
they're
all
textile
tickets
and
wear
it.
A
A
I,
suppose
that
the
people
surrounding
the
bride
have
taken
off
their
coat
where
the
the
star
was
because
you're
not
supposed
to
take
off
the
star.
So
when
Payton
becomes
a
chief
of
state,
he
creates
discrimination
laws
against
the
Jews,
for
instance,
they
are
not
allowed.
There
are
two
dates:
there's
October,
1940
and
June
1941.
A
So
the
the
the
Jews
cannot
have
contact
with
the
public,
they
cannot
be
doctors,
lawyers,
teachers,
entertainers,
psychiatrist,
psychologist
and
today,
a
lot
of
Jews
do
those
those
things.
So
it
may
be
they're
trying
to
find
a
revenge.
I
don't
know,
and
so
so
the
Jews
cannot
have
any
contact.
No
we're
not
here
yet
we're
not.
They
cannot
have
any
contact
with
the
public.
They
cannot
own
a
bicycle
nor
a
car,
but
nobody,
you
know
no,
no
gasps,
then
they
cannot
have
if
they
have
a
store
or
a
shop.
A
They
have
to
put
a
thing
in
front
that
says
Jewish
enterprise
and
it
has
to
be
taken
care
of
by
a
non
Jew.
They
have
to
travel
in
the
last
car
of
the
Metro
and
on
the
train.
The
children
cannot
go
to
school
to
regular
school,
but
there.
Fortunately
there
are
lots
of
teachers
who
take
them
in
and
so
for
shopping
for
doing
their
shopping.
They
can
go
between
three
and
four
when
there
is
not
very
much
food
left
and
the
French
who
are
not
Jewish
will
tell
you.
A
It
was
hard
for
us
too,
but
it
was
not
as
hard
of
course.
So
these
are
the
discrimination
laws
that
were
created
by
Payton
next
yeah,
the
Velde.
Some
of
you
might
have
read
the
book
called
saris
key
in
saris
key,
which
was
also
a
movie
Sara
was
sent
to
the
veiled
Eve.
So
what
happened
there?
It's
very
important
for
two
reasons.
First
Hitler
asked
that
22,000
Jews
be
sent
to
the
velodrome.
It's
a
velodrome,
it's
not
a
hotel,
so
there's
nothing.
There
are
no
beds
and
no
food
to
eat.
A
So
you
have
to
bring
your
own,
so
the
velodrome
he
asked
for
22,000
use,
but
only
12
were
sent
there.
That
means
that
a
lot
of
people
were
saved
by
others
that
were
not
Jewish
or
maybe
even
by
Jews.
I,
don't
know,
but
this
is.
This
is
an
important
event
and
it's
called
Operation
spring
breeze,
and
so
this
is
very
important.
The
second
point:
that's
important.
It's
because
of
that
event
that
my
mother,
my
mother,
found
out
that
there
was
an
organization
in
France
called
Las
Islas
publique
and
they
were.
A
They
were
no
loose,
your
cool
Nacional.
It
was
a
circle
Nacional
to
help
people
in
need,
but
obviously
not
Jews,
because
it
was
something
done
by
PETA
and
in
it
was
the
organization
called
la
familia,
prison
a
and
so
my
mother
tried
to
enroll
me
because
she
found
out
that
there
was
a
that
de
la
familia.
Prison
yay
were
sending
a
group
of
children
whose
father
had
died
to
spend
a
month
vacation
with
the
host
family
in
southwest
France.
A
So
then
my
grandmother
who
used
to
babysit
us
she
had
the
idea
of
she
took
me
by
the
hand
she
didn't
put
my
name.
Maybe
she
was
in
a
hurry
or
maybe
especially
it
was
a
Jewish
name,
seagulls
a
Jewish
name.
So
she
threw
me
in
the
train
and
now
as
I
was
three
and
a
half
years
old,
and
so
the
people
who
were
in
the
velodrome
there
were
sent
to
advance.
A
But
this
is
the
only
one
that
parently
that
exists
about
the
valley,
the
real
one,
a
bunch
of
busses,
so
the
people
from
the
velodrome
were
sent
to
drown
sea,
which
was
a
transit
camp
next
and
there
this
camp
is
really
the
one
where
you
can
see
things
from
the
Second
World
War,
because
first
you
see
the
the
the
cattle
car
where
they
threw
the
people.
They
wanted
to
get
rid
of,
to
send
to
Auschwitz
and
other
places.
A
And
if
you
were
young
and
strong
and
judge
judge
able
to
work,
then
you
would
work
and
then
the
other
ones.
Then
they
would
be
sent
to
be
gassed
at
Auschwitz
and
other
places
about
okay.
So
the
the
prisoners
that
were
in
the
people
who
are
in
drents
intron
see
they
were
building
a
tunnel
in
order
to
escape
and
there
was
a
prisoner
who
there
were
two
teams.
There
was
a
prisoner
who
was
sent
elsewhere
and
he
said
the
fal'cie
was
so
much
better.
A
We
were
building
a
tunnel,
we
were
gonna
escape,
so
this
didn't
fall
into
deaf
ears,
so
the
authorities
came
to
arrest
the
team
that
was
in
the
tunnel
and
I
had
the
privilege
of
being
able
to
interview
a
man.
I
mean
I
interviewed
the
woman,
Andrzej
waffle
and
a
Jewish
woman
who
was
there
in
Demasi
with
her
husband
who
was
a
doctor,
and
the
doctor
also
was
helping
to
construct
a
tunnel,
but
he
was
not
in
that
in
that
turn
that
team.
He
was
not
in
that
tunnel
at
that
time,
so
he
was
saved.
A
A
A
So
there
was
a
crematorium
and
then
around
the
crematorium.
You
can't
see
it
there,
but
there
were
little
things
that
people
left
I
don't
know
who
these
I
guess.
It
was
not
the
people
who
were
being
cremated
because
they
were
already
gassed,
but
there
were
little
objects
on
the
floor.
Okay,
let
somebody
know
I
want
to
tell
you
a
couple
of
things
about
Shambo
jr.
I
have
a
lot
of
respect
for
these
people.
This
is
a
Protestant
and
clave
and
the
pastor
and
his
wife,
the
pastor
and
Rec,
talked
me
and
his
wife
Magda.
A
A
My,
so
I
was
all
excited.
So
she
put
me
in
in
in
contact
with
her
grandmother
and
the
grandmother
came
to
Claremont
and
I
took
her
around
she
wanted
to
visit
Claremont.
You
know
it's,
it's
ok,
but
it
three
days
there
and
I
was
very
nervous.
I
was
very
nervous
that
I
was
getting
out
of
the
wrong
side
and
up
because
she
wanted
to
go
to
Alvarado
Street
and
it's
raining
sounds
too
nervous
anyway.
So,
let's
jump
on
great
people
for
a
Protestant
yay.
A
Okay,
that's
your
on
their
coat.
That
was
the
we're
men
in
the
resistance,
we're
staying
and
and
at
that
time
I
don't
know
if
there
are
any
men
here
who
are
between
18
and
50.
Are
there
no
okay?
If
you're
between
18
and
50,
you
would
have
been
sent
to
Germany
to
work
in
the
for
the
German
industry
and
that's
why
a
lot
of
people
hid
in
in
Lavaca,
which
is
in
the
mountainous
place
in
in
sort
of
the
Middle
Eastern
in
France
me
mean
middle
in
east,
okay,
oh!
This
is
incredible.
This
is
easier!
A
That's
where
Jewish
students
were
sent
by
their
parents
or
because
not
necessarily
by
their
parents,
sent
by
their
parents
to
save
them,
to
hide
them
or
because
their
parents
had
been
deported
and
they
were
being,
they
were
being
educated
and
they
lived
there
and
they
seemed
to
be
happy
next.
So
here
is
a
picture.
I
visited
easier
and
I
even
interviewed
their
teacher,
so
it
was.
It
was
very
exciting,
but
what
happened
in
6,
April
April,
6,
1944,
Klaus
Barbie,
the
butcher
Ariel.
A
He
sent
his
people
to
arrest
the
44
students,
the
44
yawns,
the
youngest
three
years
old,
the
oldest
seven
ten
years
old,
and
also
the
educators
that
were
there.
But
the
teacher
was
not
there
because
it
was
Easter
vacation.
So
she
was
very
young
and
she
was
with
her
parents
and
I
was
able
to
interview
her
and
film
her,
and
it
was
just
a
very
exciting
moment,
but
she
had
been
very.
A
A
Our
grandmother,
our
grandmother,
Heath
Calabar,
who,
as
I
told
you,
threw
me
in
a
train
and
the
26th
of
August
1942,
and
so
when
I
got
to
destination,
which
was
ducks
southern
friends.
There
was
now
be.
Nobody
to
greet
me.
However.
Miracles
exist.
There
was
this
young
woman,
Jacqueline
ballast.
She
was
20
almost
21
and
she
had
come
with
her
father,
who
had
been,
who
had
fought
in
World,
War
1
and
had
been
greatly
wounded
and
received
awards,
and
he
he
lost
his
upper
lip
next.
A
So
here
he
is,
and
this
is
her
mother,
so
they
he
was
a
member
of
this
organization,
the
family
of
prisoners,
and
so
they
had
asked
for
a
five-year-old
little
boy.
But
this
little
boy
didn't
show
up
so
Jacqueline
ballast.
She
saw
me
crying
I
was
crying
and
I
was
hanging
on
to
a
bigger
boy,
and-
and
so
so,
when
she
saw
me,
she
took
me
in
her
arms
and
she
said
an
angel
sent
you
to
me
and
she
asked
the
person
who
was
organizing
the
convoy
if
they
could
take.
A
If
they
could
take
me
to
their
house,
so
I
went
and
I
really
got
I
got
used
to
them.
They
loved
me
and
I
got
I
loved
them,
and
but
what
happened?
I
was
supposed
to
go
back
to
Paris
the
26th
of
September,
but
the
24th
of
September
was
the
raid
of
the
Romanian
Jews
and
my
grandmother
is
a
room.
Was
a
Romanian
Jews,
so
the
French
police,
the
French.
They
went
to
pick
up.
A
My
grandmother
at
her
apartment
bless
you,
and
so
she
wasn't
home,
but
the
the
concierge
was
too
happy
to
let
the
French
police
know
where
to
find
her
because
they
were
when
you
denounced
Jews.
You
were
rewarded
so
and
my
grandmother
lived
not
very
far
from
my
mother's
apartment,
so
they
went
to
the
to
my
mother's
apartment
and
my
grandmother
was
there
with
little
two-year-old
and
with
her
son,
her
19
year
old
son
and
who
was
my
mother's
brother,
and
so
she
said
to
my
well,
sir,
with
the
police
knocked
on
the
door.
A
She
said
to
my
uncle
going
hide
in
the
back
bedroom
and
my
uncle
heard
the
police
tell
my
grandmother.
Why
don't
you
you
can
take
a
suitcase
with
a
few
things?
You
won't
be
gone
for
long
and
she
answered
to
go
where
I'm
going.
I
don't
need
anything.
She
didn't
want
him
to
find
my
uncle
and
to
this
day,
when
we
talk
about
my
grandmother,
he
cries.
He
still
hasn't
gotten
over
because
he
figured
that
she
saved
him,
but
she
got
killed.
A
You
know
so
she
she
was
so
when
she
was
sent
to
the
Massey
next
and
you
were
allowed
to
write
cards,
so
they
could
be
read
and
checked
and
has
the
date.
This
is
an
original
24th
of
September
1942
and
she
said
my
dear
son,
Daniel
I
am
in
the
Mansi
I,
don't
know
for
how
long
I
am
as
well.
I
can
be.
You
can
imagine
and
I
higen
cuss,
you
kiss
you
and
the
family
and
it's
written
to
him.
Monsieur
Daniel
liebe.
A
Next
she
was
sent
to
the
trains
buddhini
and
then
to
auschwitz-birkenau
and
she
was
gassed
there.
The
30th
of
September,
1942
and
later
on
and
we'll
show
you
her
death
certificate.
So
I
know
the
date
for
sure,
and
so
my
oldest
daughter
said
to
me:
mom,
your
grandmother
died,
the
30th
of
September.
We
need
to
go
to
Auschwitz
the
30th
of
September
I
I
I
had
a
very
hard
time
getting
used
to
that
idea,
but
December
15th,
2015
30th
of
September
2015
I,
went
to
Auschwitz
and
took
a
few
pictures.
A
A
You
know,
I,
don't
remember
her,
but
in
those
days
women
did
not
disrobe
in
front
of
other
women
and
yet
in
front
of
men
and
having
her
stand
like
this
and
and
being
shaved
how
horrible
that
was,
and
they
have
a
huge
room
full
of
hair
and
they
have
a
machine
over
there
in
Auschwitz.
That
shows
you
what
they
did
with
her
hair.
They
made
carpets
rugs
and
God
knows
what
else
this
is
the
gas
chamber?
Yes
to
bellavita,
that's
when
they
killed
people
by
shooting.
A
This
is
the
original
cattle
car
different
from
the
cattle
car
I
showed
you
the
furnace
Hall
and
then
at
after
the
war,
the
Germans
destroyed
the
crematoria.
So
this
is
it.
This
is
my
gran.
Our
grandmother's
death
certificate
and
I
was
given
to
my
mother
in
1949,
the
dankness
there.
This
is
written
in
the
numbers
are
written
with
letters,
so
it
does
say
that
she
was
gassed
at
Oshkosh
wits
and
her
name.
It
cetera
next.
Ok!
A
So
then,
to
go
back
to
go
back
little
one
here
to
go
back
to
that
day,
that
my
and
my
grandmother
was
taken
and
my
uncle
that
day
he
contacted
he
left.
He
waited
a
while
and
then
left
the
apartment
and
contacted
my
mother
told
her
what
happened
about
the
grandmother?
Who
was
the
babysitter,
and
so
she
contacted
the
the
family.
I
was
with
and
and
asked
if
they
could
keep
me
awhile
longer
and
if
they
could
find
a
family
for
Manuel
over
here
for
her,
so
it
took
a
while.
A
So
my
uncle
took
her
to
work
for
a
while
and
then
he
put
her
in
an
orphanage
and
then
finally,
the
ballast
family
found
a
widow
who
would
take
care
of
her
for
in
a
different
village.
You
know
it
was
bigger.
Her
village
was
bigger
than
mine
twice
as
big
and
I
must
say
that
at
that
time
this
was
the
occupied
zone.
Every
family
had
to
give
a
bedroom
and
the
best
one
to
two
German
soldiers
and
the
lady
with
whom
she'd
stayed
they
were.
A
They
were
soldiers
and
in
my
family
there
were
soldiers,
and
so
the
the
woman,
the
woman
who
picked
me
up
as
a
clean,
balanced,
a
young
woman.
She
was
taught
speaking
to
a
German
soldier
who
was
in
their
house
who
spoke
French
and
she
said
you
you're
not
gonna,
take
children,
you're,
not
gonna,
take
Jewish
children
and
he
said
oh
yeah,
yeah
we're
gonna,
take
all
everybody
and
then
at
that
time
he
took
me
by
the
hand,
for
a
walk
and
and
chuckling
Ballet's
was
so
scared,
and
she
said
to
me
later.
A
A
So
then,
oh
yeah,
when
I
first
got
there,
they
gave
me
a
doll
and
I
ripped
it
apart.
So
they
there
was
the
woman
who
became
my
godmother,
chuckling
ballast.
She
had
a
cousin
who
was
exactly
the
same
age
and
lived
across
the
street
with
her
mother.
That's
her
aunt
and
she
was
a
seamstress.
So
she
made
me
a
stuffed
animal
and
she
made
me
all
the
clothes
I
wear,
including
the
baptisms
coat
that
I
had.
Okay,
so
see
I'm,
comfortable
and
I
added
this
picture.
A
But
it
doesn't
look
very
good
because
I
like
the
hats,
okay,
so
they
had
a
dog.
The
dog
was
called
black,
but
he
was
brown
because
they
didn't
know
English
and
see
the
dog,
the
dog
loved
me
and
I
loved
the
dog.
We
were
friends
now.
This
is
my
uncle
and
my
mother,
and
us
too,
when
my
mother
and
my
uncle
came
to
visit
us
and
my
there
was
a
a
German
soldier
who
was
dating
a
woman
from
the
village.
A
I
want
to
say
that
not
all
Germans
were
Nazis,
and
obviously
this
German,
who
was
dating
that
woman
from
the
village,
was
not
a
Nazi,
but
when
he,
when
he
saw
my
mother,
came
first
on
the
bicycle
and
he
said
to
the
woman.
He
was
with
you
see
this
woman,
she's
Jewish
and
so
I
later
asked
my
godmother
how'd
this
guy
know,
and
so
she
told
me
there
was
a
foreigner
in
the
village
who
had
said
that.
A
So
then
that
evening,
when,
when
the
the
German
guy
told
that
woman
that
my
mother
was
Jewish,
the
woman
immediately
went
to
tell
the
neighbor
and
the
neighbor
came
to
tell
us
and
they
hit
my
mother
in
the
in
the
attic
and
that
evening
a
German
soldier,
I,
don't
know
if
he
was
an
officer
or
what,
but
he
came
with
a
dog
and
he
was
not
a
Nazi
either
because
he
came
in
the
yard,
but
he
didn't
ask
to
come
in
the
house.
So
he
was
a
nice
guy,
not
a
Nazi.
A
So
here
we
are
that's
the
day
after
the
war,
I
think
it
was
1948.
So
this
was
the
lady
who
took
care
of
my
sister
Madame
Pino.
She
was
a
widow.
So
now
now
we
are
I'm.
Gonna
skip
the
years
and
I'm
gonna
get
to
1950
our
mother
married
an
American
man
who
was
Jewish
but
didn't
want
to
know
anything
about
religion.
So
we
were
not
raised
Jewish
and
so
what
happened
in
1950?
A
They
decided
to
come
and
pick
me
up
and
I
think
she
was
already
in
Paris
because
she
had
to
have
surgery
in
her
eyes.
And
so
anyway,
my
mother
came
with
her
new
husband
who
spoke
French
and
his
sister,
who
spoke
French
and
the
mother
who,
if
she
did
not
speak
French
but
I,
just
wasn't
too
comfortable
with
her,
and
you
know
what
they
came
to
pick
me
up
to
go
back
to
Paris,
and
you
know
what
I
had
the
mumps,
and
that
was
my
way
of
fighting
you
resist
the
way
you
can
so
I.
A
A
Now
in
nineteen,
that's
in
nineteen
fifty
1956.
Well,
no
first
in
1953
we
all
went,
we
all
came
to
Los
Angeles
and
we
became
American
citizen.
Then
I
went
to.
We
went
to
school
in
Paris
police
say
the
high
school
is
a
different
system
than
here,
and
then
we
came
back
in
1956
and
that's
when
I
took
my
baccalaureate.
I
got
my
baccalaureate,
that's
what
you
do
at
the
end
of
high
school
and
when
I
came
to
Los
Angeles
I
said
goodbye.
Everybody
I'm
staying
here
so
anyway.
So
then
I
went
to
UCLA.
A
I
went
to
LA
City
College.
First,
you
know
to
get
my
English
going
and
then
I
transferred
to
UCLA
and
then
I
got
all
my
diplomas
there
and
in
1965
Pomona
College
was
asking
for
somebody
to
teach
French
and
Spanish
and
they
interviewed
me
and
I
got
the
job
and
I
stayed
there
45
years.
So
that
was
that,
and
so-
and
this
is
my
godmother-
I
told
you
she's
now,
96
I,
don't
know
how
old
she
was
there
in
1995,
but
she
was
born
in
1921,
so
you
can
figure
it
out.
A
This
is
who
is
honoring
her
family,
but
she's,
the
only
one
alive,
so
it
says
Yad
Vashem,
but
it
was
actually
in
Paris
and
next-
and
this
is
our
mother
kissing
your
mother,
my
godmother,
my
godmother,
the
this
is
the
diploma
to
the
whole
family,
Sebastian,
mafia,
a
Jacqueline,
my
godmother,
and
here
we
are
2007
where
she
received
the
Legion
of
Honour
and
she's,
a
very
modest,
very
intelligent
woman.
But
she
said
my
father
is
the
one
who
deserves
all
this.
A
Honor
he's
the
one
who
deserves
the
the
award
and
and
the
Legion
of
Honor
and
then
well.
This
is
very
funny
because,
four
years
ago,
only
four
years
ago,
the
mayor
of
Lu
decided
to
name
a
street
by
her
name,
huija
clean
ballast,
and
she
thinks
it
should
have
been
her
father,
not
her,
and
the
funny
thing
is
that
five
hundred
inhabitants
there
are
no
streets
there's
well,
there
are
passages
there.
There
is
a
main
street.
A
There
is
a
main
street
that
goes
to
Mimi's
on
it
said
there
was
a
main
street,
but
the
this
was
put
on.
The
side
were
just
a
passage
that
goes
to
church
to
the
church.
So
that's
funny
I
think
now
their
names
are
on
the
wall
of
the
memorial
de
la
Shoah
in
Paris,
the
three
of
them
Jacqueline,
Maria,
Sebastian
and
next,
and
our
grandmother
is
on
the
wall
of
the
deported
rifka
liebe.
She
was
born
in
1881
and
she
was
a
very
energetic
woman.
A
You
know
she
could
have
worked,
they
didn't
have
to
gas
her,
but
they
did
so.
This
is
me
and
in
2015
30th
of
September
I
went
when
I
went
with
my
daughter
to
visit
a
schvitz
I
had
goose
pimple
there.
It
was
horrible
to
know
that
my
grandmother
who
loved
me
went
through
all
that
it
was
just
very
I,
was
very
emotional
next.
A
So
this
is
the
memorial
of
Valdivia
and
the
velodrome
where
these
people
were
sent
in
order
to
be
sent
to
to
be
gassed,
some
of
them
others
to
work,
and
maybe
after
working
to
be
gassed,
it
says
the
French
Republic
in
homage
of
the
victims
of
persecution,
racist,
anti-semitic,
anti-semitic
and
crimes
against
humanity
committed
under
the
authority
of
the
so-called
French
government
of
the
French
of
yeah
of
the
French,
the
French
government,
1940
1944,
and
then
the
last
sentence
says
noob,
Leon
Jame.
Let
us
never
forget
I,
don't
know
what
to
say
about
that.
A
But
anyway,
now
these
are
some
of
the
women
whom
I
interviewed.
Okay,
the
most
incredible
one.
Is
this
one,
my
destiny?
My
destiny
was
had
a
French
mother
and
a
Swiss
German
father
and
she
had
a
brother
and
unfortunately,
her
father
died
when
she
was
very
young,
so
the
family
moved
with
her
grandparents,
because
this
is
what
married
women
did
in
those
days
when
the
husband
died.
A
So
it
turned
out
that
her
grandma
that
her
grandfather
she
moved
in
with
her
parents,
but
her
grandfather
was
a
great
musician,
Paul
geun-young
and
he
taught
her
how
to
play
the
piano
and
she
gave
her
first
concert
when
she
was
12
and
she
would
have
become
a
professional
pianist
if
she
hadn't
been
arrested
during
the
war.
But
when
she
was
18
she
saw
the
occupation.
A
A
It
was
not
the
real
one,
but
it
was
a
similar
and
she
said
she
would
put
the
person
in
there
or
the
person's
and
then
she
would
take
him
to
the
free
zone
and
she
had
been
able
to
get
a
pass
because
she
was
studying
in
the
free
zone
and
she
she
was
just
a
very,
very
strong
woman
and
she
did
all
sorts
of
interesting
things.
But
it's
in
the
book,
if
you're
interested,
so
she
she
one
day.
She
was
arrested
by
chance
because
she
happened
to
be
with
people
who
had
been
in
the
resistance.
A
A
Leo,
that's
it.
His
name
was
Leo,
so
he
they
had
conversations,
and
she
told
me
that
if
she
had
had
more
time
she
would
have
been
able
to
convince
him
not
to
do
what
he
was
doing.
I
think
there
was
a
little
love
romance
going
on
there.
I
don't
know,
but
I'm
saying
that,
because
40
years
later
that
was
1944
40
years
later
in
1984
he
tried
to
find
her.
He
became
a
doctor
in
Germany
got
married,
had
children
had
servants,
he
was
doing
very
well,
and
but
he
got
some
form
of
cancer.
A
That
was
very
bad
and
he
was
he
knew.
You
only
had
three
months
to
live,
and
so
he
wanted
to
go
and
see
her,
and
so
he
went
to
the
conservatory
where
she
used
to
go
still,
even
though
she
said
she
would
never
be
able
to
play
the
piano
again.
I
mean
not
the
way
she
wanted
to
play,
I
think
so
he
he
found
where
she
was.
He
called
her
up
and
asked
if
he
could
come
and
he
went
to
visit
her
and
she
said
to
me:
I
had
I
wanted
to
forgive
him.
A
She
was
very,
very
Catholic,
and
so
Leo
went
to
see
her
40
years
later
and
she
said
to
him:
I,
hear
you're,
afraid
of
you're
afraid
of
death.
What
is
death
for
you?
He
said
death
is
being
locked
up
in
the
garage.
I'm
cooped
up,
I
can't
get
out,
I,
see
people
who
sing,
who
who
do
work?
Who
laugh,
who
move
around
and
Here
I
am
and
I
can't
do
anything.
So
she
said
to
him.
Well,
for
me:
that's
not
what
death
is
death
is
a
road
to
God
and
God
is
always
loved.
A
So
what
I
advise
you
to
do?
Go
back
to
Germany
and
invite
friends
and
give
distribute
your
fortune
and
give
love
to
people
and
tell
them
what
you
did
during
the
war
and
so
and
then
she
kept
in
touch
with
his
wife
and
when,
when
he
died,
the
wife,
what
oh
yeah,
which
part
of
them
is
our
wee-wee?
Oh
I,
missed
the
part
at
the
end
when
he
was
about
to
leave,
she
was
lying
down
because
she
said
it
affected
her
nervous
system.
What
she
got
you
in
the
war
she
was
so
she
had.
A
When
he
was
about
to
leave
when
the
German
was
supposed
to
leave
her,
he
said.
Oh
then,
when
she
said
God
is
all
loving
and
he
said:
do
you
think
God
will
forgive
me
and
she
says
well,
I,
don't
know,
and
what
about
then?
That's
when
he
said
what
about
you?
Will
you
forgive
me,
and
you
know
what
she
did
she
took.
She
was
lying
down
him,
so
he
bent
down.
A
She
took
his
forehead,
she
took
his
hand
first
and
then
his
forehead
and
she
kissed
him
on
the
forehead
and
she
said
leo
I,
forgive
you,
and
that
was
incredible.
It
gave
me
goose
pimple
when
she
told
me
that,
because
it's
amazing
to
think
that
she
would
do
something
like
that.
So
that's
why
she's
incredible
like
this
is
the
most
famous
one
Lucille
Barack
me.
She
was
a
professor
of
history
and
geography.
She
was
married
to
a
Jewish
man.
A
Jewish
man
was
not
arrested
because
he
was
Joyce
but
because
he
was
in
the
resistance
and
he
was
sent
to
the
prison
in
more
Luke
in
lyon,
which
was
a
very
strict
prison
and
the
other
women
whom
I
interview
said
to
me.
You
know
when
you
got
into
that
prison,
you
didn't
come
out,
but
she
went
to
the
prison
when
her
husband,
she
was
married.
Her
husband
was
in
that
prison,
so
she
went
at
first.
She
talked
to
Klaus
Barbie
because
he
wasn't
the
only
crossbar.
We
didn't
want
to
hear
any
other
story.
A
Her
story
was,
she
said
there
is
a
prisoner
here
whom
I
had
a
little
something
with
and
non-pregnant
so
I
I
found
a
marriage,
an
extra
Miss
Allah,
that's
called
marriage
and
extremists,
which
means
that
if
I
become
pregnant
and
I'm
not
married,
the
law
says
that
I
can
marry
the
man
who
may
be
pregnant,
and
so
this
is
why
I
want
to
see
this
prisoner.
I
just
want
to
be
married.
I'm
not
going
to
take
him
out
of
the
prison.
I'll
marry
him
here,
but
then
they'll
be
my
child
will
be
legal.
A
They
already
had
a
four
year
old
boy,
these
two
people.
So
what
so,
anyway,
she
would
Klaus
Barbie
I
didn't
work,
but
then
she
found
a
lady
who
was
having
an
affair
with
one
of
the
guards
and
because
of
that,
she
was
able
to
get
in
and
she
was
able
to
see
her
husband
and
her
husband
said.
I,
don't
know
this
woman
because
he
thought
she
had
been
arrested.
But
then
he
understood
what
she
was
doing
and
so
she
went
to
she.
A
She
went
to
Switzerland
to
buy
silencers
and
when
the
first
time
it
didn't,
it
didn't
succeed.
The
first
her
saving
him
did
not
succeed.
But
after
three
months
the
whole
a
whole
bunch
of
prisoners
were
sent
out
to
be
interrogated
somewhere
else
and
she
was
hiding
with
group
of
people
and
they
had
silencer
and
they
killed
other
people
and
and
her
husband
was
even
wounded
that
day
and
that's
how
she
saved
him.
So
that
was
incredible
and
she
wrote
a
book.
It's
called
Lucille
blackening.
There
should
exist
in
English,
he
did
coding
and
decoding.
A
They
did
secretarial
job,
they
did
sabotage,
they
did
parachuting,
they
washed
clothes
of
the
prisoner.
That
was
really
a
good
thing,
because
when
they
washed
the
clothes
and
they
dried
them,
they
they
hid
messages
in
the
hem
next.
Okay,
this
is
the
lady
Jean
buuck,
a
really
tiny
lady
she's,
the
one
she
had
had
a
year
of
chemistry,
and
she
said,
oh
now
that
I
had
had
a
year
chemistry.
The
Germans
are
gonna
want
to
hire
me
to
do
things
for
them.
I
don't
want
to
do
that.
A
She
went
to
she
lived
in
Brittany
and
her
father
had
been
a
military
man,
so
she
went
to
buy
a
boat.
She
went
to
England
and
she
saw
the
general
de
Gaulle
there
general.
The
goal
was
fighting
for
free
France
there
and
she
loves
General
de
Gaulle,
and
her
apartment
was
full
of
pictures
of
him
and
anyway
that
she's
the
one
who,
because
she
had
a
year
of
chemistry
she
went
to
England
then,
and
then
she
went
back
to
France
to
Brittany
and
she
taught
French
soldiers
how
to
build.
Explosives
and
I
asked
her.
A
What
was
the
recipe
for
explosives
and
she
didn't
want
to
give
it
to
me,
and
you
know
she
was
very
she's,
the
one
not
this
one,
the
other
one.
She
was
very
very
little
smaller
than
me
and
that's
not
easy
to
do.
You
know,
anyway,
she
was
smaller
than
me
and
she
exploded
a
railroad
track
in
Brittany
and
she's,
the
one
who
did
parachuting
the
first
woman
to
parachute
documents.
So
she
was
incredible,
but
when
I
interviewed
her,
she
already
had
trouble
with
her
speaking.
She
wasn't
finding
her
words.
Okay,.
A
B
A
Your
arms
and
kiss
me,
and
so
the
Sentinel
just
walked
behind
us
and
just
left
and
didn't
even
ask
him
for
their
papers.
So
that
was
an
example.
Now
master
Cohen
master
cone
is
still
alive.
She
lives
in
in
Pacific,
Palisades
she's
96.
She
was
a
spy,
very
fair,
tiny
lady
she's
been
tinier
now
and
she
was
Jewish
master.
Cohen
I
mean
that
wasn't
her
I
forget
what
her,
what
her
maiden
name
was.
But
anyway
she
she
was,
she
had
blue
eyes
and
she
was
blond
and
she
was
from
Alsace
where
they
speak
German.
A
A
She
said
that
she
was
German.
Of
course
she
had
a
prisoner
and
a
fiance
was
a
prisoner
and
she
wanted
to
find
him
and
he
was
a
prisoner
in
Germany,
and
so
she
would
go
to
Germany
and
she
did
all
sorts
of
incredible
things,
but
she
she
was
never
arrested.
It
was
an
incredible
situation,
so
the
German
really
or
the
thing
about
the
other
lady
that
I
spoke
to
you
might
a
shift
on
em
the
first
one
she
had
three
assets.
A
She
spoke
German
fluently.
She
played
music,
she
played
very,
very
well.
She
was
going
to
be
a
professional
and
she
spoke
German
and
I
forgot
to
tell
her
about
her.
That
one
day
the
family
was
had
a
room
with
two
Germans
and
the
German
said
we
want
to
give
a
musical
party
for
a
Berg,
our
general,
and
she
said
no
I
can't
do
that.
I'm,
18
I,
don't
go
out
at
night.
Well,
we're
not
asking
you
your
opinion,
we're
taking
you
there
and
afterwards.
A
She
said
she
went
to
three
times
to
do
that,
to
give
parties
where
she
played
the
piano
and
then
when
she
was
arrested,
Oh
Berg
at
first
said.
No,
who
are
you
arresting
here,
she's
my
little
pianist?
She
didn't
do
anything
like
that.
She
didn't
and
then
he
found
out
that
yes,
she
had
helped.
She
had
been
in
the
resistance.
So
that's
when
she
got
to
be
arrested
anyway.
A
She
was
decorated
with
the
biggest
with
what
is
it
called
that
is
you
don't
know
that
yeah,
but
it's
not
just
a
legion
of
all.
It's
a
great
sister.
It's
not
just
a
legion
of
honor
because
you
have
different
types.
This
one
is
the
greatest
the
great.
What
is
it
called
the
great
like
look,
yeah
Lagaan,
quoi
de
la
légion,
Dona,
the
great
cross
and
quoi
is
feminine
in
French,
you
say
Lacroix,
but
this
is
so
important.
They
made
it
masculine
I!
Guess
that's
why
I
don't
know
Andre.
A
Well
then
she
was
the
woman
who
was
married
to
a
doctor
in
and
she
was
in.
The
man
see
they
stayed
there
for
a
long
time
because
her
husband
was
a
doctor
and
when
they
wanted
to
send
it
to
Auschwitz,
he
had
typhoid
and
they
didn't
want
him
to
contaminate
all
the
people
that
could
work.
So
they
didn't
get
to
go.
So
that
was
good
and
that's
my
thing.
That's
it
when
my
godmother,
when
I
when
I
honored
her
family,
she
did
a
very
short
speech,
and
this
is
the
last
paragraph
she
said.
A
I
do
not
think
that
I
deserve
this
distinction,
because
we
cannot
be
rewarded
for
doing
something
normal
and
natural.
Imagine
what
my
parents
and
I
did
was
out
of
love
for
Monique,
and
she
gave
us
back
love
a
thousand
times
and
the
last
sense
very
important.
We
are
never
wrong
when
we
follow
the
road
of
love,
and
this
is
the
last
paragraph.
I
want
to
read.
Okay
as
a
former
hidden
Jewish
child
I
would
like
to
pass
on
this
book
on
homage
to
new
generation
of
women
and
men.
A
Of
course,
perhaps
the
actions
of
these
remarkable
four
mothers
will
set
an
example
for
the
younger
generation.
We
must
not
be
afraid
to
resist
against
the
unacceptable
over
the
course
of
these
interviews.
These
heroines
became
for
me.
A
feminine
incarnation
of
the
resistance
listening
to
their
memories
makes
us
take
pride
and
see
in
seeing
the
future
of
women
through
their
eyes
and
spurs
us
toward
action
under
the
spell
of
their
inestimable
achievements.