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Description
Dr. Billy Wayson speaks to the Arlington Historical Society about his book, Martha Jefferson Randolph: Republican Daughter and Plantation Mistress. Dr. Wayson's talk was recorded at Marymount University in Arlington, VA on March 10, 2016.
For almost his entire life, Thomas Jefferson served in positions of leadership at the local, state, and federal levels. His gifted pen was known in Europe, even before the Declaration of Independence, but it was Jefferson’s private writing that revealed the most intimate emotional dynamics of a life in government service. Nowhere are the personal challenges associated with public service more poignantly expressed than in Jefferson’s letters to daughter Martha (“Patsy”). Wayson’s book draws on some 900 family letters and uses qualitative analysis software to trace the evolution of this intense daughter-father relationship alongside rapidly unfolding political, economic, and social events.
A
A
His
research
enters
their
cultural,
social,
economic
and
political
history
from
mid
18th
century
to
the
late
antebellum
period,
with
specific
curiosity
for
the
subjects
of
family,
gender,
household
and
community,
dr.
Wilson
is
deeply
engaged
in
long
term
projects
to
examine
Thomas,
Jefferson's
financial
affairs
in
the
context
of
political,
social
and
cultural
forces
affecting
the
economic
activities
and
agricultural
technology
at
the
turn
of
the
century.
So
without
further
ado,
I'm
going
to
my
pleasure
to
introduce
dr.
Billy
Lisa
thank.
B
You
thank
you.
Jen
I,
wasn't
sure
who
she
was
introducing
there
for
a
moment
sounded
like
kind
of
an
academic
resume.
Thank
you
very
much
for
having
me
it's
great
to
be
in
Arlington.
This
is
part
of
my
old
stomping
grounds
when
I
used
to
live
up
here
and
be
a
Fed
and
I
also
had
a
research
firm
down
in
Alexandria.
So
it's
good
to
be
back
I,
don't
recognize
the
place
anymore.
B
It's
doubly
good
to
be
here
because,
usually
you
know,
Jefferson
City
sometimes
isn't
welcome
up
here
in
this
country's
who
well
in
the
world
of
Fairfax's
and
Washington's,
and
Custis,
--is
and
stuff
like
that.
So
it's
particularly
nice
I
was
down
and
up
Alexander
II
today
with
the
DAR,
and
they
were
even
very
gracious
to
have
me
come
up
so
maybe
some
of
that
empathy
that
was
created
back
in
the
last
couple
centuries
that
go
was
going
away.
B
I
really
really
appreciate
being
here.
I
wanted
to
begin
begin
this
really
not
by
talking
about
Martha.
By
talking
about
some
other
folks
in
this
area,
the
Custis
family.
We
have,
of
course,
George
Washington
Park
Custis.
Here
the
Lee
Custis
mansion
famous
person
from
this
area
less
well
known,
are
his
sisters,
I,
really
like
that.
This
is
Nelly
Custis,
sometimes
called
George
Washington's
beautiful
Nelly,
but
my
favorite
is
Eliza
Custis
because
she
had
such
a
such
a
wonderful
history,
and
these
are
contemporaries
of
Martha
Jefferson
Randolph.
B
The
reason
I
bring
them
in
here
today
and
they're
from
this
area,
and
it's
around
the
issue,
particularly
the
Liza
Custis
of
women's
education
and
one
of
the
ways
I
got
interested
in
Martha
was
beginning
to
look
at
Jefferson
and
gendered
education
and
Liza
came
into
that
came
into
that
picture.
I
just
have
one
little
one
of
her
near
relatives
across
the
river
talked
about
Eliza.
This
way
she
said
and
her
she
married
Thomas,
Law
Thomas
Law
was
a
land
speculator
here
in
this
Washington
area
said
when
mrs.
B
B
So
that
was
women's
attitude
about
women's
education
tonight.
I
want
to
really
talk
about
a
very
special
father/daughter
relationship,
the
relationship
between
Martha
Jefferson
and
her
father
I'd
also
like
to
talk
some
about
how
that
relationship
developed
what
there
was
a
cataclysmic
event
in
both
their
lives
that
caused
them
to
bond
together
so
that
she
became
I
argue
in
the
book.
What
made
his
political
career
possible
so
she's
reason
for
the
title
tonight:
the
lost
daughter
of
the
American
Revolution.
B
So
this
question
is
tension
during
the
time
when
Martha
grew
up
this
tension
about
women
and
roll
forget
about
voting
just
their
status
in
society
in
that
culture.
The
third
thing
I
would
hope
we
could
do
is
help
us
remind
us
how
hard
that
struggle
was
and
how
long
it
took
and
how
difficult
for
what
it
must
have
been
for
these
women
Martha
Jefferson
was
lucky.
She
had
an
enlightened
father
and,
through
some
circumstance,
some
hit
of
time.
She
became
very
close,
so
she
had
a
much
full
of
really
life.
B
B
B
Her
father
was
already
known
internationally,
not
for
a
declaration,
but
for
some
other
work
they
had
done
that
by
mistake,
got
published
into
Europe,
so
he
was
known
as
a
fine
draftsman
and
soon
he
was
actively
involved
in
his
run-up
to
the
revolution
and
she
was
drugged
from
pillar
to
post,
along
with
him
and
her
mother
and
other
siblings,
that
most
of
whom
did
not
survive.
So
this
is
a
tumultuous
period
for
this
child,
and
so
we
see
her
and
also
a
thing
I
want
to
just
recall
is
Charlottesville.
B
Was
the
boondocks
Albemarle
County
was
the
frontier
we
kind
of
think
of
it
today?
Well,
it
was
when
I
moved
there
thirty
years
ago
to
but
and
that's
changed,
but
my
point
around
that
is
is
that
so
here
she's
in
this
kind
of
isolated
environment,
running
backwards
forth
from
that
into
Williamsburg,
which
was
the
center
of
life
and
culture
at
the
time.
At
the
same
time,
her
father
has
gone
for
extended
periods
of
time
and
her
mother
is
pregnant
every
ten
months
and
the
children
are
dying
with
about
the
same
frequency.
B
B
They
lived
in
part
time
and
George
in
the
George
Wythe
house,
which
you
can
still
see
today
and
other
times
in
a
two
room
apartment
and
then
coming
back
Philadelphia,
Europe
and
then
back
to
the
plantation
as
a
plantation,
mistress,
so
age
10.
These
are
the
kind
of
thing
that
she's
going
through
and
to
point
that
up
we
have
the
British
Invasion,
not
this
one.
This
was
the
first
British
Invasion
for
some
music
lovers.
B
It
was
about
as
traumatic
as
the
other
British
Invasion
when
the
Beatles
came,
but
that
we
have
in
1781
Arnold
occupying
part
of
Richmond.
The
governor
Jefferson
and
his
family
have
to
flee
in
the
dead
of
winter
out
of
Richmond
to
the
west
and
in
the
course
of
that
Martha's
baby
sister
gets
sick
and
dies
in
that
springtime
by
the
summertime.
The
British
are
back.
B
Tarleton
is
takes
out
for
rich
Charlottesville
to
try
to
capture
Jefferson
and
the
cabinet,
and
again
the
family
has
to
flee
she's
now
born
in
1772,
1781,
nine
years
old,
and
that
this
is
her
early
life.
Think
about
that
how
it
imprints
on
a
child.
Now
that's
important,
because
within
just
a
short
period
of
time
we
have
the
cataclysmic
event
that
really
really
bonded
them.
Together.
The
book
has
several
themes.
It
was
based
on
about
900
letters
between
Martha,
her
father,
her
husband
and
and
the
grandchildren.
B
It
focuses
on
this
period,
1792
to
1789
I'll,
make
explain
that
why,
with
some
material,
only
two
chapters
on
this
later
period,
the
core
story
of
the
book
is
about
affection.
Now
this
is
a
site
at
Jefferson.
We
don't
usually
think
about
and
I'll
explain
that
too
in
a
moment.
But
affection
is
like
the
theme
of
the
book
and
it's
what
really
holds
them
together
and
it's
a
way
that
they
look
at
family
as
a
family
bound
together
by
affection,
more
so
than
constantly,
and
he
more
so
than
blood.
B
So
when
you
talk
about
the
Jefferson
family,
that
could
include
people
that
aren't
related
in
blood
by
blood
at
all
who
are
living
there.
Eli's
a
house
tryst
from
Philadelphia,
lived
there
in
her
own
in
her
old
age,
and
we
had
other
people
like
that.
They
would
take
them
in
anyone
that
they
felt
attached
to
public
service
is
a
key
part
of
this
story
and
then
because,
if
you
feel
close
to
someone,
you've
probably
done
this.
B
If
you
had
a
daughter
or
son
that
you
sent
off
to
college
and
they
were
gone
or
he
had
someone
in
the
service.
I
just
talked
to
someone
today
she
said
I,
my
my
significant
person
is
not
it
got
on
their
second
deployment
and
we
write
every
week.
Letters
not
emails,
not
emails.
So
she
had
said
when
you
said
this
I
understood
exactly
what
you
meant
so
the
separation
they
were
torn
apart.
They
had
real
clothes
torn
apart
and
so
to
do
that
they
created
this
imaginary
family
in
their
letters
now.
B
I
know
that
your
family,
all
the
stories
about
your
family
are
true,
can
be
documented,
100%
right,
yeah.
Well,
we
all
have
families
stories
and
they
because
they
were
separated,
they
would
talk
about.
How
is
it
gonna
be?
What
was
it
like?
I
remember
when
we
were
there,
what
do
you
think
will
happen
when
so
there's
this
kind
of
dialogue
going
on
in
these
letters
and
have
an
imaginary
family,
and
you
would
hope
that
some
of
us
could
live
up
to
the
ideal
that
they
put
forward.
Place
becomes
important.
B
It's
important
place
is
important
in
the
south,
because
that's
the
seat
of
your
family
Monticello
becomes
their
affection
becomes
attached
there
and
debt.
Of
course,
we
can't
talk
about
Jefferson.
Without
talking
about
that
now
sign
of
Jefferson,
we
usually
don't
know
was
he
was
a
sentimentalist,
no,
not
in
the
way
we
use
that
term.
B
Today,
when
we,
when
we
talk
about
someone
being
sentimental,
we
kind
of
kind
of
critical-
and
we
think
oh
they're
looking
to
the
past-
are
not
realistic
at
this
period
of
time,
from
roughly
1750
up
until
about
1815
of
Jane
Austen
killed
sentimentality
with
their
Lawrence
Stern
was
kind
of
the
creator
of
this
whole
literary
movement,
Jefferson's
favorite
author
was
Lawrence
Stern
and
wrote
the
sentimental
novel,
and
this
is
what
they
meant
by
sentimental.
They
meant
someone
who
had
a
feet
head
feeling.
Excuse
me
for
getting
in
your
way
all
the
time.
B
B
The
wife
of
an
one
of
the
first
newspaper
people
in
Washington,
City,
Margaret,
Bayard
Smith,
had
this
to
say
about
Jefferson.
She
said
if
his
life
had
not
proven
to
the
contrary:
I
should
have
pronounced
him.
Rather
a
man
of
imagination
and
taste
and
a
man
of
judgment.
A
literary
rather
than
a
scientific
man,
and
least
of
all
a
politician,
a
character
for
which
nature
never
seemed
to
have
intended
him.
So
we
see
her
seeing
Jefferson
in
a
different
way
when
he
allowed
himself
to
take
down
the
facade.
Well,
here's
what
he
said
about
himself.
B
He
said
the
whole
of
my
life
has
been
at
war
with
my
natural
tastes,
feelings
and
wishes.
Domestic
life
in
literary
pursuits
were
my
first
and
my
latest
inclinations
circumstances.
Not
my
desires
led
me
to
the
path
I
have
lived,
so
here's
a
person
who
spent
60
years
in
public
life
60
years
and
many
of
them
in
emotional
torment,
which
we'll
cover
in
a
minute
many
of
those
in
emotional
torment.
It
was
Martha
that
fulfilled
this,
a
literary
side
of
Jefferson,
the
emotive
side,
the
imaginary
side
that
Margaret
Mayor
Smith
talked
about.
B
She
was
his
emotional
bulwark
for
him.
In
the
midst
of
political
fray.
He
was
not
a
very
good
down
in
the
trenches
politician
for
that
you
go
to
Hamilton
or
James
Madison,
but
not
Thomas
Jefferson,
even
though
he
did
invent
political
parties,
damn
him
forever,
but
yeah
I
mean
he
really
created
the
first
organized
political
party
with
the
Jeffersonian
Republicans,
but
he
was
knotted
down
on
the
trenches
guy
because
he
was
constantly.
He
didn't
like
what
it
involved
there.
That's
just
Margaret.
B
They
are
let's
just
Margaret
Messersmith,
so
1782
to
1835,
1782
Martha's
mother
died
as
a
result
of
the
complications
of
childbirth,
six
children.
Ten
years,
okay,
oh
those
children,
only
two
lived
to
adulthood,
three
were
already
deceased
at
the
time
of
her
sixth
child,
okay
and
that
child
would
die
at
about
age.
Two
and
a
half
after
she
had
passed
so
think
about
ten
year
old
child
pillar
to
post
over
the
first
ten
years.
Her
her
father
gone
along
long
periods
of
time,
and
this
is
what
happened.
B
She
died
the
violence
of
his
emotion
when
almost
my
stealth
I
entered
his
room
by
night.
To
this
day,
I
do
not
describe
to
myself,
you
can
read
as
well
as
I
can
so
we
see
look
at
the
time
frame
here.
We're
talking
about
we're,
talking,
I'm,
not
very
good,
at
math
I'm,
a
historian,
someone
else,
I
have
to
do
the
numbers,
but
it's
probably
52
years
roughly.
This
is
this
is
how
much
that
imprinted
her.
He
was
in
his
room
for
three
weeks
and
they
some
thought
that
he
was
going
to
die
from
grief.
B
So
52
years
later,
she's
saying
I.
Remember
that
that
moment
this
is
said
in
the
context
of
traveling,
some
of
the
same
paths
that
they
took
just
a
few
weeks
after
her
mother
died
because
Jefferson's
approached
a
meeting
with
grief
was
to
get
the
hell
out.
He'd
left
Virginia
on
his
way
to
Paris
to
be
a
peace,
Commissioner
didn't
make
at
that
time,
but
because
he
reached
an
agreement
on
peace
in
Paris
in
1783,
so
he
came
back.
B
They
left
the
other
children
at
home,
the
two
other
two
surviving
children
and
she
went
off
with
him
to
Philadelphia.
They
came
home
and
left
again
soon
in
1784
to
begin
their
trek,
their
wanderings
over
the
world,
as
he
called
it.
So
the
first
and
this
one
I
want
to
read
from
the
book.
So
they
went
to
Philadelphia
and
in
1784
their
second
trip.
They
left
she.
B
He
left
her
in
a
boardinghouse
and
went
to
Annapolis
it's
because
the
Congress
were
a
little
bit
afraid
of
the
veterans
who
were
demonstrating
because
they
hadn't
been
paid
I,
don't
know
we
after
World
War
one.
We
had
that
kind
of
thing.
It's
just
an
American
thing:
you
know
we
don't
pay
the
vet,
so
they
get
upset
I.
Don't
know
why
that
is
seems
like
just
being
ungrateful,
so
they
went
to
Annapolis
she's
left
there
by
in
a
boarding
house.
B
She
ultimately
gets
put
into
another
unit
into
the
more
of
a
family
setting,
but
still
the
woman
there
is
running
a
boarding
house.
I
mean
she's
running
a
place
where
people
stay
so
that's
kind
of
and
she's
very
upset
about
that.
I.
Don't
know
why,
but
she
is,
but
this
is
Jefferson
never
to
be
idle.
This
is
what
he
he
said.
He
said
the
plant.
This
is
writing
to
someone
else.
He
says
I'm
a
boy.
B
B
B
B
He's
perceiving
a
roll
for
this
she's
12
by
this
point
almost
12
a
role
for
this
young
girl.
That
is
not
what
the
gendered
roles
were
for
the
day
it's
different,
and
particularly
in
the
plantation
south.
This
was
not
where
he
would
be
heading
with
a
patriarchal
society
heavily
patriarchal
and
she
was
going
to
be
head
of
a
little
family
power,
responsible
education
of
her
children
by
herself,
without
assistance
pretty
radical
much
here
later
they
had
the
opportunity
to
elaborate
on
this
reading
list.
It
had
never
been
found.
B
This
was
too
big
a
thing
to
leave
the
wine
it
wasn't.
It
was
enough
celebration,
but
lo,
many
years
later,
after
she'd
had
her
12th
child
four
days
after
she'd
had
her
12th
child.
He
asked
her
to
come.
Help
make
a
list
of
the
reading
books
that
she'd
read
when
he
was
this
reading
this
plan
of
reading.
Now,
whether
she
read
them
all
I,
don't
know,
but
they
included
they
weren't.
They
were
not
quite
male.
They
were
not
quite
female
for
the
times
they're
kind
of
halfway
in
between,
but
very
advanced,
okay
very
advanced.
B
So
he
asked
her
to
come
help
him
with
that
and
you'll
see
here.
How
he's
now
expanded
this
notion
of
the
woman
in
a
household?
Her
husband
not
only
may
be
a
blockhead,
he
may
be
incapable
inattentive
and
unavailable.
Well.
That
happened
now.
He's
had
a
lot
of
experience
with
his
son-in-law
at
this
point
and
he's
been
in
unavailable
many
times
he's
not
incapable,
except
when
he
was
having
one
of
his
mental
states,
but
here's
the
other
thing
that
he's
elevated,
pretty
highly,
and
that
is
honorable.
The
household
is
honorable.
B
How
you
run
the
household
very
unusual
to
think
about
that
a
plantation
household
was
not
just
a
home,
it
was
a
social
place.
It
was
a
political
place.
It's
where
you
did
politics
a
lot
of
the
time
and
you
and
everyone
talks
about
the
mansion.
Well,
the
mansion
was
kind
of
political
overhead
that
she
had
to
have
if
he
wanted
to
be
successful
in
that
culture.
As
a
politician,
you
had
to
have
a
nice
home,
a
magnificent
home
that
was
part
of
your
cachet.
B
Some
of
these
mansions
we
have
in
Arlington,
that's
a
no
those
people,
I,
don't
know
they're,
probably
not
in
politics,
they're
in
IT
or
something
but
here's.
What
I
think
is
important
here
is
this
notion
that
he's
elevated
the
household
now
he's
dead,
he's
further
degraded
the
husband
and
elevated
management,
the
household
as
something
that
is
really
honorable,
and
we
all
know
what
that
means
in
the
South
you
know,
being
matters
of
Honor
are
very
important.
B
So
Jefferson
was
appointed.
He
did
was
not
appointed
peace,
commissioner,
but
he
was
appointed
to
replace
Franklin
as
Minister
Plenipotentiary
when
I
was
in
government.
I
wanted
that
title
so
bad,
not
gs-14
or
gsx,
or
management,
blah
blah
blah
I
wanted
to
be
like
a
plenipotentiary
I,
never
made
it
never
got
that
high,
but
I
thought
that
has
a
wonderful
title.
I
wish
we
had
more
of
them
like
that
today,
so
that
they
were
all
in
Philadelphia.
Now
we
begin
to
see
we
begin
to
see
the
screw.
Tightening.
B
If
you
love
me,
then
you
you'll
do
this
plan
of
reading
and
the
things
I've
the
things
I've
laid
out
for
you.
If
you
love
me,
okay
and
it'll
make
you
more
worthy
of
my
love
and
if
you
don't,
it
makes
the
acquirements
at
least
it
won't
make
me
love
you
less
pretty
heavy-duty.
This
was
before
dr.
spa
I
mean
the
you
know.
The
child
worried
dr.
spa,
not
the
star
trek
doctor
spot.
We
wouldn't
do
this
today.
Now
we
just
hit
him
over
the
head
with
the
dr.
B
Spock
book
pretty
much
in
a,
and
this
will
come
out
more
later
and
then
later
when
she's
about
15
in
Paris.
He
lays
it
on
her.
My
happiness
depends
upon
you
alone.
That's
a
heavy
responsibility
for
a
15
year
old
fighter,
told
my
kids
that
when
they
were
15
it
is
they
told
me
where
to
go.
They
did
anyway,
even
though
I
didn't
try
to
didn't
try
to
coerce
them
this
way.
So
this
is
what
he's
setting
up
for
Martha
their
time
in
Paris
was
really
something.
B
B
Anything
went
we
have
Oh
bless
her
heart,
Marie
Antoinette,
this
chubby
little
fellow
here
louis
xvi.
They
were
running
a
court
and
of
course
it's
the
center
of
the
Enlightenment.
The
scientists
are
they're,
the
people
who
would
come
we'd
come
to
call.
Economists
are
there
on
and
on
and
on
the
encyclopedias.
Are
there
people
trying
to
gather
all
the
knowledge
and
a
few
books
other
than
the
one
you
have
over
here
on
the
table,
and
it
was
quite
a
place
of
fashion
too
I,
always
like
the
women's
hair.
B
Here
you
know,
look
how
they
so
how
high
you
could
pile
your
hair.
Sometimes
they
put
bird
nests
in
them
to
decorate
them
and
stuff.
Really
stylish
and
I've
always
wanted
a
pair
of
these
hoes
I,
don't
know
where
I'd
wear
them,
but
I
really
think
those
are
cool,
can't
find
any
I
looked
at
well,
I
looked
I
couldn't
find
name,
she
went
into
a
convent
school,
very
elite
convent
school.
Now.
Here's
where
we
see
Jefferson
as
his
at
his
most
naive
I
guess,
but
we
also.
This
is
one
of
the
places
to
her.
B
We
begin
to
see
Martha
beginning
to
assert
herself,
like
most
teenagers
will
do.
You
said
she
wasn't
really
big
on
that
hair
and
so
here's
what
she
wrote
to
a
friend
she
said,
I
wish
you
could
have
seen
me
when
we
arrived
I'm
sure
you
would
have
laughed
for.
We
were
obliged
to
send
immediately
for
the
stay
maker,
the
mantua
maker,
the
Milner
and
even
a
shoemaker
before
I
could
go
out.
They
had
to
get
her
outfit
together.
B
I've
never
had
the
hairdresser,
but
once
but
I
soon
got
rid
of
him
and
turned
down
my
hair,
in
spite
of
it
all,
they
say,
I
different
now
as
much
as
possible
for
I
think
it
is
too
soon
to
begin
to
suffer
so
we
see
Martha,
beginning
to
assert
herself.
She
may
have
them
a
to
a
maker
and
the
stay
maker
and
all
those
other
folks.
She
just
is
not
going
to
let
her
hair
be
put
up
like
that.
B
So
now
this
was
not
humble
nuns
walking
around
with
folded,
hands
murmuring
liturgy.
This
was
also
a
boarding
house
for
people,
not
women,
spinsters
divorcees
women,
down
on
their
luck,
who
had
been
abandoned
by
their
husbands.
Josephine
was
there
not
well
Martha.
Was
there
just
for
Martha
got
there
Josephine
the
former
bride
and
Napoleon.
Her
husband
had
abandoned
her
and
she
was
living
there.
The
Abbess
was
a
very
politically
powerful
person,
so
powerful
that
the
Revolution
didn't
remove
her.
She
got
to
stay
at
panther
mom,
even
though
it's
converted
into
it's
now
an
army.
B
It's
still
there.
It's
now
an
army
facility,
so
this
was
panther
mom
and
it
was
also
the
about
27
young
girls
from
the
aristocracy
of
europe.
So
this
is
what
this
little
girl
from
from
Hicksville
Albemarle
County,
is
being
confronted
with,
and
she's
asked
to
sit
at
the
Abbas's
table.
A
high
honor
Abbess
is
a
good
politician.
B
She's
got
the
us
minister's
daughter
here:
she's
gonna
play
it
for
all
it's
worth,
and
you
can
imagine
what
was
going
on
around
that
table
the
gossip
and
that
comes
through
in
the
letters
because
she's
teasing
her
father
with
about
how
much
she's
learning
about
the
court
intrigue
and
things
being
people
being
sent
to
the
to
the
best
deal
which
he
ignores.
He
pretends
like
she
hadn't
even
said
it.
So
this
is
where
Martha
is
being
reared.
B
Jefferson
again
at
his
most,
sometimes
people
in
court
travels
and
Virginia
was
a
really
small
community
out,
particularly
down
in
the
Albemarle.
There
were
all
10,000
people,
and
so
people
got
word
of
this
she's
at
a
Catholic
convent.
This
is
a
guy
that
you
know,
I,
don't
know
his
religious
views
really,
but
or
I
do
but
I'm
not
going
to
talk
about
it,
but
here's
what
he
wrote
back
to
Virginia.
He
said
my
daughter
is
indeed
in
the
convent,
but
in
one
where
there
are
as
many
Protestants
as
Catholics.
Really
we're.
B
Not
a
word
is
ever
said
to
them
on
the
subject
of
religion
and
where
they
are
free,
as
in
the
profession
and
practice
of
their
own
religion,
as
they
would
be
in
their
own
country.
Is
a
house
of
education
only
I,
don't
think
he
fooled
anyone
in
Virginia
what
the
convent
was
about,
because
there
were
a
lot
of
people
there
from
from
America
who
you
know
who
sent
backward,
but
she
began
asserting
herself,
let's
go
with
here.
He
begins
writing
in
the
letters
about
what
it's
gonna
be
like
when
we
get
home.
B
What's
a
family
in
the
plantation
culture
like
she's
responsible
for
his
happiness.
Now
she
expects
her
to
educate
her
younger
sister
and
on
and
on
and
on
well
what
she
tells
him
is
she
took
she
lets
him
know
that
she
said
there
were
a
few
days
ago.
There
was
a
man
that
killed
himself
because
his
thought
his
wife
did
not
love
him.
They'd
been
married
ten
years,
I
believe
that
every
husband
in
Paris
was
to
do
with
much
there'd,
be
nothing
left
in
Paris,
but
widows.
B
Well,
she
knew
very
well
who
it
was.
It
was
la
fille,
ex-mistress
and
la
the
mistresses,
the
husband
of
Lafayette,
some
mistress
had
killed
himself
because
Lafayette
had
a
mistress
Jefferson
knew
that
he
just
didn't
even
respond
to
this,
but
in
other
correspondence
he
lets
it
be
known
to
other
people
and
when
he's
doing
a
little
gossip
that
it
was
Lafayette
Smith.
B
So
she's
teasing
him
a
little
bit
saying
what
this
story
about
family
you're
telling
me:
I'm
I'm
living
a
family
of
sisters
with
a
powerful
woman,
I'm,
a
matriarchal
society
and
I'm
sitting
at
the
table
and
now
you're
and
here's
Lafayette.
But
then
she
had
to
lay
it
on
him.
There
was
a
ship
of
Algiers
captured
and
they
were
going
to
be
sold
in
America
as
slaves,
and
she
says
good
god.
Are
we
not
enough
I
wish
with
all
my
soul,
that
the
poor
Negroes
were
all
freed?
B
It
grieves
my
heart
when
I
think
that
these
our
fellow
creatures
should
be
treated
so
terribly
as
they
are
by
our
countrymen.
So
here
is
this
fifteen-year-old
getting
exposed
to
the
French
enlightenment
and
really
beginning
to
think
about
what
the
stories
that
her
father's
telling
her
and
the
world
that
she's
going
to
go
back
to
which
they
do
in
1789?
No
we're
not
according
to
Jefferson.
He
left
because
he
had
a
marriage,
a
daughter
of
marriage
age
and
to
get
his
affairs
in
order
by
Affairs
in
order
he
made.
B
B
Don't
have
strong
evidence
of
that,
but
some
so
they
came
home
in
1790
within
about
two
and
a
half
months.
She
was
married,
of
course,
to
her
cousin
because
it's
Virginia
it's.
It
was
a
rule
now.
So
here
we
have,
you
know
we
have
a.
We
have
a
Tuckahoe
Randolph
marrying
a
Randolph
from
another
plantation
from
the
Dungeness
Randolph's,
not
the
curls
Randolph's
or
the
Roanoke
Randolph's,
or
the
turkey
out
in
Randolph.
So
he
got
that's
the
only.
We
can
keep
this
stuff
straight.
B
So
this
is
an
interesting,
interesting
thing
here,
which
I
just
I
have
to
share
this
with
you.
She
now
he's
in
a
bind
because
he's
been
telling
her
about.
If
you
love
me,
then
you'll
become
accomplished
and
if
you're
not
you
know,
if
you
don't
then
I'll,
I
won't.
My
love
won't
decline,
so
it
gets
home
she
gets
married.
He
leaves
again
because
he
becomes
Secretary
of
State,
and
this
is
what
he
wrote.
B
He
said
your
new
condition
of
marriage
will
call
for
an
abundance
of
little
sacrifices,
but
they
will
be
greatly
overpaid
by
the
measure
of
affection
that
they
Wilson
here
to
you.
The
happiness
of
your
life
depends
now
on
continuing
to
please
a
single
person
to
this.
All
other
objects
must
be
secondary.
Even
your
love
to
me
we're
it
possible
that
that
could
ever
be
an
obstacle
cherish
then,
for
me,
my
dear
child,
the
affection
of
your
husband
and
continue
to
love
me
as
you
have
done
before.
B
Is
this
a
conundrum?
Now
you
have
to
please
one
person,
don't
let
my
love
getting
away
continue
to
love
me
like
you
did
before.
If
you
become
accomplished,
I'll
love
you
more
or
else
it
won't
decline
and
the
happiness
of
my
life
depends
only
on
you.
Well
sharp.
This
is
sharp
woman
by
this
point
she
said,
I
assure
you,
my
dear
papa.
My
happiness
could
never
be
complete
without
your
company.
I've
made
up
my
study
to
please
mr.
B
Randolph
in
everything,
and
she
had
the
line
thing
in
this
letter
and
do
consider
all
other
objects
as
secondary
to
that
except
my
love.
For
you
so
she's
putting
him
on
notice
at
fine
she'll
do
what
she
has
to
do,
but
don't
be
confused
and
I
guess
they
got
along
okay,
as
they
said:
12
children
over
from
a
period
of
26
years
and
Secretary
of
State
just
quickly
on
his
career.
Well,
see
now
we
didn't
see
how
she
works
in
she.
B
B
This
is
Jefferson's
rationale
for
running
for
president
he's
going
to
preserve
the
Republic
for
his
for
his
daughters
and
his
grandchildren
and,
of
course
the
election
of
1800
makes
this
year's
election.
Look
like
a
Sunday
school
picnic.
It's
so
boring
this
year
compared
to
18.
The
reason
I
live
in
the
18th
century
is
in
my
head
is
because
it's
much
more
interesting.
At
least
the
governors
of
Virginia
and
filling
in
Pennsylvania
threatened
to
bring
out
the
militia.
B
If
Jefferson
wasn't
elected,
I
mean
they
stood
by
what
they
what
they
believed
in
we're
gonna
we're
gonna
and
he
Jefferson
cautioned
not
to
do
that
yet
and
it
and
it
took
36
ballots
in
the
House
of
Representatives
to
elect
him.
But
this
was
his
rationale
for
doing
that:
1801,
Oh,
1809,
a
lot
happens
during
that
period.
Rich
correspondents
know
she
was
never
first
lady.
B
She
was
there
only
on
two
occasions
in
fact
delivered
the
first
child
ever
born
in
the
president's
house,
James
Madison
Randolph,
so
1801
to
1809,
but
these
are
the
kind
of
language
that
Jefferson
used
to
describe
in
the
letters
toils
in
quiet,
ooze,
Envy,
malice,
nauseating,
intolerable
agitations,
runkis
pain
or
a
rancorous
passion
and
so
forth,
and
so
on.
This
is
how
he's
describing
his
life,
but
there's
another
life
that
they're
waiting
for
this
isn't
the
way
it's
always
gonna
be
they're.
Gonna
have
another
life,
it's
going
to
be
here
on
the
mountaintop.
B
This
is
a
place
that
the
two
of
them
described
as
the
most
healthy
place
in
Virginia
and
maybe
the
world.
It's
the
place
where
you
can
look
out
on
the
landscape
and
get
all
kinds
of
aesthetic
appreciation
when
that,
when
the
flowers
are
blooming,
is
the
f-4
essence
just
inspires
them
to
heights
of
rhetoric.
Was
it
always
that
way?
You
know,
is
a
pretty
confusing
place
right
around
the
house.
Of
course,
you've
got
chicken
yards
and
you've
got
all
kinds
of
activities,
the
blacksmith
shop
and
other
kinds
of
activities
going
on
it.
B
Wasn't
this
kind
of
bucolic
tarragon
with
the
wind
place
working
plantations
were
pretty
crude
and
rude
sometimes,
but
if
I'm
trying
to
long
for
something
in
the
future,
I
want
to
make
it
as
attractive
as
possible.
Otherwise,
why
wait
for
it?
So
this
is
how
they
describe
Jefferson
did
her
father,
no
jarring
jealousy's?
Well,
that
didn't
turn
out
to
be
so
well:
no
dangerous,
biases
and
so
forth.
B
Domestic
occupation,
domestic
love!
This
was
the
world
that
they
created
1809.
He
leaves
course
sweet.
That
was
his
last
term
as
president
they
prepare
and
Martha
has
been
living
at
the
foot
of
Monticello
mountain
with
her
husband
and
her
children.
Every
time
her
father
would
come
home,
she
would
go
to
the
top
of
the
mountain
to
get
the
plantation
ready
and
service
hostess
and
the
place
was
like
a
hotel.
As
you
might
imagine,
1809
he's
coming
home.
B
I
think
one
of
the
any
other
duty,
I'm
scrupled,
no
sacrifice
I
mean.
That
is
like
a
pledge
that
you
know
we
don't
hear
too
often
and
he/she
equates
that
with
happiness
and
after
all,
that
is
the
pursuit
is
happiness
and
for
her
she's
say
my
happiness
is
to
make
to
comfort
your
own
age.
She
said
in
another
letter
to
provide
a
harbor
from
the
cares
and
storms
of
life.
What
she
indicates
she's
been
reading
Cicero,
at
least
because
that's
where
that
comes
from,
and
here
at
the
end
we
said
no
pen.
B
So
at
this
point
letters
have
kept
them
attached,
while
they've
been
separated,
painful
separations,
and
now
it
is
so
intense.
She
can't
even
write
it
down
any
longer
and
he
is
saying
the
same
kind
of
thing:
I
just
I
cannot
write
about
this
anymore.
I
just
have
to
get
home,
I
have
to
be
there.
So
it
was
this
image
of
being
in
a
place
that
is
far
superior
to
any
other
place
being
where
there's
no
jarring
jealousies
and
no
no
salamanders.
B
This
is
a
story
they
fabricated
actually
and,
as
that's
described
at
length
in
the
book
beginning
in
1809,
they
start
writing
this
story
about
how
they're
impoverished,
not
there
or
heavily
in
debt
Martha's
eldest
son
when
he
goes
to
ask
for
the
hand
of
his
future
bride,
tells
her
father
who
happens
to
be
president
of
the
Bank
of
the
United.
States
and
Richman
tells
her
father.
He
says
you
know
my
my
father,
meaning
his
father,
Thomas
Mann,
Randolph
jr..
My
father's
estate
will
soon
be
non-existent
and
my
grandfather's
is
crapoly
deteriorating.
B
This
doesn't
seem
like
much
of
a
recommendation
when
you
asked
for
asking
for
the
hand
of
the
daughter
of
the
president
of
the
bank,
but
that's
the
story.
They
had
been
to
begin
telling
in
1809
they
embellished
at
Jefferson
did
and
Martha
did
and
there
and
child
did
and
it
became
entombed
in
the
first
full
biography
of
Jefferson.
In
its
1856
the
Jefferson
families
story
now,
why
would
they
tell
that
story?
Do
you
think
why
is
it
good
to
be
impoverished?
B
Well
the
background
of
that
the
back
story
again,
which
it
goes
into
more
detail
in
the
book,
was
a
concept
called
civic
virtue.
Today
we
call
it
public
service,
but
then
the
highest
thing
you
could
do
in
a
Republican
form
of
government,
not
part,
not
factional.
Republican
type
of
government
was
to
give
yourself
to
the
good
of
the
citizens.
B
So
the
more
you
gave
and
you
paid
your
own
way-
Jefferson
had
the
Magnificent
salary
at
25,000
for
the
president's
house
from
which
he
had
to
fund
the
operation
of
the
president's
house,
the
dinners
the
servants,
the
carriage
the
horses,
the
fodder
cleaning
out,
the
stables
was
came
out
of
that
$25,000,
but
the
poor
year.
At
the
end,
it
was
the
more
you
would
said,
the
more
you
had
given
the
higher
you
were
the
higher
status
so
and
in
an
essay
he
wrote
for
himself
near
the
end
of
his
life.
B
B
Martha
lost
her
home
that
place.
They
dreamed
about
that
ideal
place
on
the
top
of
the
mountain
Monticello,
and
she
just
longer
I
could
ever
have
a
home
again
doesn't
have
to
be
in
a
big
home.
Just
one.
That's
respectable,
a
respectable
home
Martha,
of
course,
is
ripped
out
of
her
home.
The
place
was
sold
and
she
spends
the
last
ten
years
of
her
life
1826
to
1836
moving
up
and
down
the
Atlantic
coast.
Her
son
lives
at
the
foot
of
the
mountain.
Her
daughter
is
in
Boston.
B
She
has
a
daughter
that
son-in-law
and
daughter
end
up
in
Washington
City
and
she
kind
of
floats
between
those
and
has
a
rich
correspondence
with
her
daughter's
with
some
near
relative
with
some
relatives
and
some
in-laws.
But
this
is
this
is
kind
of
her
feeling.
I
I
just
want
to.
Let
Martha
have
the
last
word
here.
Really
it
was
it's
her
story
primarily
and
it's
the
story
about
her
and
her
father.
B
This
is
Martha
and
Martha.
We'll
have
the
closing
word.
I
never
had
and
never
shall
have
the
folly
to
his
shame
of
an
honorable
poverty.
It
is
the
fruits
and
the
price
we
have
paid
for
a
long
and
useful
life
devoted
to
the
service
of
his
country,
but
I
never
regretted
the
sacrifice
he
made.
His
country
had
a
right
to
his
services
and
if
a
few
must
suffer
for
the
advantage
of
the
many,
it
is
a
melancholy
necessity,
but
I
see
no
help
for
it,
so
that's
Martha's
kind
of
coda
to
her
life.