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From YouTube: Books That Shaped America
Description
A talk by Mark Dimunation, Rare Books and Special Collections Division Chief at the Library of Congress. He is joined by Bess Fox, Asst. Professor of Literature and Languages at Marymount University. Dimunation reflects on 88 titles that changed the way we think. The program was hosted by the Arlington Public Library (Virginia).
A
Hi
I'm
Diane
crash
on
the
director
of
Arlington
library
delighted
to
see
so
many
of
you
here
this
evening.
For
this
talk
on
books
that
shaped
America.
We
have
a
couple
of
guests
this
evening.
First
I
want
to
introduce
mark
Tim,
you
nation,
who
is
the
chief
of
the
rare
book
collection
at
the
library
of
congress.
I
had
the
pleasure
of
hiring
mark
to
work
at
the
library
of
congress.
A
So
I'm
going
to
turn
it
over
to
to
mark
to
contextualise
what
this
project
was
and
how
it
came
to
be
and
why
some
books
are
on
the
list
and
some
art
and
I'm
sure.
Many
of
you
have
your
own
ideas
about
what
belongs
on
the
list.
I
have
a
couple
of
my
own
that
I
plan
to
share
later
in
the
evening,
but
I
do
a
little
bit
of
traveling
with
my
job,
not
as
much
as
I
used
to
and
I
was
in
Croatia.
A
So
when
you
talk
about
books
that
shaped
America
they've,
also
in
many
ways
shape
the
world
and
certainly
shaped
others
perceptions
of
Americans.
So
with
that,
I
will
turn
it
over
to
mark
and
Beth.
We
will
have
an
opportunity
for
many
of
you
to
ask
questions
or
share
your
own
observations
and
if
you
didn't
get
a
handout,
we've
gone
to
make
some
more
so
not
to
worry
when
the
handout
arrives.
Just
raise
your
hand
and
I'll
make
sure
you
get
one
okay,
and
thanks
for
being
here,
hi.
B
Everyone
nice
to
be
here
tonight,
please
start
thinking
about.
We
asked
on
our
website
two
questions
to
this
exhibition,
which
books
do
which
book
do,
you
think,
was
most
influential
in
shaping
or
changing
America,
and
the
second
is
which
what
book
was
most
influential
influential
to
you.
Personally,
we
were
interested
in
both
of
those
and
our
goal
was
to
combine
these
into
a
list
that
would
spark
dialogue
about
reading
and
America.
So
let's
talk
a
little
bit
about
the
books
that
shaped
America,
I.
B
Think
if
you
ask
any
person
or
any
group
to
list
a
set
of
influential
books,
you
will
get
randomly
wildly
varying
lists.
It's
just
a
nature
of
the
book
itself.
We
have
learned
very
much
by
this
process
that
everyone
brings
certain
expectations
to
what
a
book
is
about
and
depending
what
I.
Our
world
field
is,
whether
you're
an
historian
or
a
literature
person
or
whether
you're
working
outside
of
the
library.
You
have
a
different
notion
of
what
these
books
do
and
what
they
may
have
done
in
America.
B
As
a
result,
books
that
shaped
America
is
an
exhibition
that
was
brought
together.
A
group
of
books
brought
together
by
a
large
team
of
curators
at
the
Library
of
Congress.
There
is
a
core
group
of
us
of
four
of
us,
and
then
we
polled
our
colleagues
to
list
books
that
had
in
some
way
influenced
shaped
or
affected
the
course
of
American
life,
culture,
politics
or
philosophy.
B
B
B
Secondly,
we're
looking
for
books
that
shaped
America
we're
not
trying
to
do
a
list
of
the
best
books,
nor
are
we
trying
to
do
a
list
of
favorite
books.
In
fact,
some
of
the
books
that
are
on
here
were
not
well
received
and
have
consistently
been
derided
over
time
in
history,
but
still
had
a
profound
impact
on
how
we
saw
ourselves
or
how
we
actually
governed
ourselves.
So
we
all
brought
our
lists
to
the
table.
B
Some
of
us
were
more
persuasive
than
others,
but
this
was
a
very
interesting,
challenging
and
I
would
say
vigorous
activity
at
the
part
of
the
Library
of
Congress.
We
did
not
set
out
with
any
chronological
notion
we
weren't
aiming
to
represent
every
and
all
groups
we
weren't,
even
trying
to
arrive
at
a
certain
number
of
books.
We
wanted
to
do
a
list
that
address
this
idea,
that
books
can
change
the
life
or
the
culture
or
the
thinking
of
a
large
population.
B
So
we're
looking
at
books
that
shaped
America
that
influenced
America
in
some
ways
and
the
debates
began
and
they
were
pretty
they're
pretty
intense.
We
finally
limited
this
list
to
88
because
we
ran
out
of
room
in
the
exhibition
hall
and
I
decided
that
88
was
a
pretty
good
number.
We
launched
this
exhibition
at
the
Library
of
Congress,
in
conjunction
with
the
National
Book
Festival
and
immediately
the
introduction
says
this
is
not
a
definitive
list.
B
This
is
a
list
done
by
people
who
live
and
work
with
books
who
have
various
interests
in
and
we
want
your
feedback.
What
we
wanted
was
to
create
a
dialogue
so
that
people
would
go
through.
Look
at
the
books.
Ask
why
something
else
isn't
there
begin
to
talk
about
why
something
was,
and
we
asked
people
to
submit
additions
to
the
list.
10,000
people
responded,
which
was
a
little
overwhelming
and
it
ran
the
gamut.
B
There
were
some
prize
winners,
but
there
were
also
some
incredibly
obscure
books
and
books
that
were
already
on
the
list
and
a
variety
of
other
things,
but
nonetheless
it
was
a
vast
array
of
reading
material,
which
is
exactly
the
point
the
Library
of
Congress
is
trying
to
make.
But
we
really
want
is
for
people
to
read
and
talk
about
reading
and
to
come
back
with
an
idea
of
why
this
book
might
be
influential,
and
we
got
that
in
shovelfuls
as
we
were,
showing
off
the
exhibit.
B
So
this
exhibition
shows
books
that
cover
a
range
of
251
years.
They
include
things
such
as
essays
that
are
crucial
to
the
establishment,
the
United
government
you're,
looking
at
the
federalist,
which
was
a
series
of
85
85
86
85
articles
written
in
defense
of
the
Federal
Constitution
issued
from
New
York.
B
While
the
ratification
debate
was
still
going
on
or
it
can
be
landmarks
in
the
civil
rights
movement,
such
as
the
1903
book
souls
of
black
folk
by
william
w
eb
Dubois
a
book,
that's
considered
essential
to
any
understanding
of
the
origins
of
civil
rights
movement
in
america,
or
it
could
be
the
very
first
instance
of
identifying
something
as
american
as
cooking
in
a
cookbook
about
american
cooking.
This
is
Amelia
Simmons
cookbook
from
1796.
She
called
herself
in
American
orphan.
B
It's
full
of
house
remedies.
It
is
the
first
cookbook
by
an
American
printed
in
America
and
includes
the
first
instance
of
pumpkin
pie,
pumpkin
pie.
It's
called
the
pumpkin
pie,
all
the
way
up
to
contemporary
histories
about
social
and
political
issues,
we're
looking
at
brandy,
Schultz's
book
from
1987
and
the
band
played
on,
which
is
about
which
at
the
time,
promoted
the
notion
of
patient
zero
in
the
AIDS
crisis
in
America
or
to
any
number.
What
was
it
Croatian
you
founded
it
yeah.
B
This
is
the
English
translation
from
the
Croatian
dale
carnegie's
1936
publication,
how
to
win
friends
and
influence
people.
This
is
one
of
my
favorite
popular
promotions.
I've
ever
seen
on
a
paperback,
do
you
see
how
he's
this
is
copy?
Number
18
million,
like
11
million
eight
hundred
sixty
9341
every
issue?
Every
book
was
numbered,
so
when
you
bought
it,
you
knew
where
you
stood
in
this
line
of
people
buying
this
publication,
which
I
think
is
a
terrific
idea
in
each
of
these
categories.
B
So
some
of
these
titles
were
books
that
sparked
a
bit
of
controversy.
We
have
Margaret
Sanger
on
on
birth
control
or
family
planning.
We
have
attacks
from
the
right.
We
have
attacks
from
the
left.
We
have
images,
poetry,
we
have
traditional
poetry.
We
have
a
whole
variety
of
discussions
that
move
through
American
time
and
culture
in
a
way
that
in
some
way
or
another
shape
does
so.
This
is
the
list
that
you
have
in
front
of.
B
When
we
walk
through
the
exhibition,
we
saw
both
parents
and
children
telling
each
other
whether
they've
read
that
book
or
not,
which
was
an
incredibly
wonderful
conversation
and
parents
talking
about
when
they
read
this
book
and
what
it
meant
to
them,
and
children
identifying
with
books
that
they
actually
could
see
in
the
exhibition
and
read.
The
other
was
a
woman
who
is
visiting
from
China
who
went
to
the
bookstore
and
asked
how
she
could
send
a
copy
of
all
the
books
back
to
China.
B
So
I'm,
not
I'm,
not
sure
China
was
ready
for
Margaret.
Well,
maybe
they
are
ready
for
Margaret
Sanger
them.
There
are
other
books,
I'm,
not
so
sure
China's
ready
for,
but
nonetheless
this
was
an
exhibition
that
did
in
the
space
exactly
what
we
want
to
do.
People
talking
about
books,
their
experience
with
a
great
deal
of
passion,
sometimes
a
lot
of
finger
wagging
too.
B
So
this
is
it
I'm
going
to
talk
a
little
bit
about
some
of
the
major
milestones
that
are
evident
in
the
list.
I'll
give
you
a
very
quick
overview
of
certain
genre
and
then
the
two
of
us
are
going
to
sit
at
the
table
and
discuss
field
questions
from
you
and
talk
a
bit
about
the
process.
How
we
came
over
out
to
doing
this
list,
the
books
that
I
wish
I
had
gotten
on
the
list,
the
books
that
I
really
fought
for
and
I'll
tell
you
yes
or
no
to
all
of
your
books.
B
B
He
went
to
Philadelphia
to
enter
a
very,
very,
very
crowded,
difficult
publishing
market,
and
so
he
thought
he
would
choose
the
most
heavily
published
literature
in
Philadelphia
almanacs
and
break
into
it.
How
did
he
do
it?
He
concocted
poor
Richard
sort
of
a
slightly
morose
henpecked
unhappy
farmer
outside
of
Philadelphia,
who
wrote
in
to
complain
a
lot
and
then,
on
the
cover
of
the
very
first
few
issues.
B
Poor
Richard
sent
his
sympathy
to
the
family
of
the
major
publisher
of
almanacs
in
Philadelphia
about
the
death
of
the
publisher,
who
had
not
died
well,
the
Almanac
that
the
other
Almanac
brought
back
and
said
this
is
outrageous,
he's
still
alive
to
which
poor
Richard
said
the
family
is
suffering
enough
and
the
fact
that
this
publication
persists
in
this
rumor
is
really
heartbreaking.
This
went
back
and
forth
and
back
and
forth
all
a
while,
of
course,
Poor
Richard's
building
up
until
he
emerges
as
the
number
one
Almanac,
when
the
other
publisher
actually
does
die.
B
Poor
Richard's
in
true
spirit,
says
it's
about
time.
They
owned
up
to
this.
So
what
I'm
telling
you
is
a
story
of
American
wit
and
humor
and
letters
tied
into
one
of
the
quintessential
American
publications,
an
almanac
that
tells
you
when
boats
arrive.
That
tells
you
when
the
Sun
is
going
to
shine
when
it's
going
to
rain
and
how
much
toll
you
have
to
pay.
When
you
travel
between
Boston
and
Philadelphia,
the
second
Franklin
publication,
his
experimental
electricity
Franklin,
became
the
first
American
to
gain
any
kind
of
international
reputation.
B
Through
this
work,
he
was
invited
by
the
Royal
Academy
to
publish
this.
He
was
given
a
prize
for
it
he's
the
first
and
foremost
scientist
of
North
America.
It
also
happens
to
be
an
important
work
on
the
understanding
of
the
positive.
The
negative
charges
of
electricity
and
in
its
own
right
is
an
important
book,
so
we're
introduced
to
Franklin
as
the
member
of
the
Academy
and
the
third
is
his
autobiography.
B
This
coming
out
in
1793
I,
often
think
of
it
as
a
by
a
biographical
study
rather
than
autobiography,
but-
and
it's
often
referred
to
as
one
of
the
best
written
forms
of
personal
recollection
ever
produced
in
America.
You
could
argue
that
three
Franklin
is
too
much,
but
you
know
I
guess
it
depends
on
what
we're
talking
about.
So
the
Franklin
is
extraordinarily
popular
on
the
list
and
was
extraordinarily
popular
with
the
readers.
The
number
one
book
in
significance-
Atlas
Shrugged.
B
Yes,
where
was
that
good?
Yes,
I'm,
not
putting
that
up
on
the
screen,
because
there
was
a
slight
indication
that
there
might
have
been
a
little
bit
of
gaming
going
on
so,
but
nonetheless,
it
ranks
highly,
and
in
Washington
it's
not
surprising
that
he
in
Rand
would
score
highly
becoming
in
a
close.
Second,
probably
more,
a
little
more
legitimately
was
common
sense,
a
good
anecdote,
I
think
antidote
to
in
rem
published
in
1776
on
all
levels.
This
is
in
my
book,
one
of
the
most
important
publications
in
America.
B
Half
a
million
copies
were
printed
in
one
year
in
25
different
editions,
that's
explosive
in
18th
century
colonial
America
explosive.
It
came
at
a
time
when
America
was
still
wavering
between
compromise
or
not
with
England
and
completely
turned
to
tied
to
revolution,
and
did
so
in
many
cases,
anonymously
Thomas
Paine's
name
didn't
show
up
on
half
of
these
publications,
probably
the
single
most
active
political
publication
has
ever
been
produced
in
America
and
in
my
book,
probably
in
my
book,
the
most
important
or
the
most
significant
work
published
on
this
list.
B
In
terms
of
its
impact
on,
America
is
Harry
Beecher
Stowe's,
Uncle
Tom's
Cabin,
we're
looking
at
the
cover
of
the
first
edition
and
here
the
frontispiece.
Why
it's
a
sentimental
novel,
that's
more
about
the
impact
of
spirituality
than
it
is
about
life
in
the
south,
that's
at
least
how
it
was
written.
B
It's
initially
shows
up
in
a
newspaper,
an
abolitionist
newspaper
and
is
serialized
and
turned
into
a
book
which
fails
and
sits
for
a
long
time
and
then
re-emerged
a--'s
and
becomes
the
most
published
book
in
America
in
the
19th
century,
making
Katherine
Harriet
Beecher
Stowe
the
most
successful
female
author
of
the
19th
century.
Great
deal
of
wealth,
great
deal
of
control,
great
deal
of
controversy.
The
south
is
irate
one
of
the
few
authors
of
the
19th
century,
whose
name
is
actually
raised.
B
B
There's
an
apocryphal
story
about
Abraham
Lincoln,
saying
so
you're
the
little
lady
that
started
this
war,
but
in
some
ways
you
could
argue
that
she
is
in
fact
the
female
author
who
took
the
the
concept
of
the
discussion
of
the
war
away
from
politics
and
states
rights
to
a
discussion
of
the
ethics
of
morality,
of
slavery
and
did
so
in
an
intense
way.
Millions
of
copies
of
Uncle
Tom's
Cabin
had
been
produced.
It
has
never
stopped
being
published
since
the
day
it
appeared
in
book
form.
B
It
sparked
a
whole
variety
of
stage
shows
Uncle
Tom's,
Cabin,
written
and
books,
words
of
three
syllables
two
syllables
Uncle
Tom's
Cabin
five-minute
productions,
10
men
productions,
then
came
the
very
awful
Tom
shows
which
Harriet
Beecher
Stowe
has
nothing
to
do
with.
So
this
book
often
carries
with
it
an
hour
period,
a
kind
of
racist
overtone.
That's
really
not
present
in
the
novel
entirely,
but
was
perpetuated
by
these
vaudevillian
shows
which
were
full
of
stereotypes.
She
was
so
attacked
that
she
produced
the
next
year
this
the
key
to
Uncle
Tom's
Cabin,
which
says
no
really.
B
This
is
based
on
fact.
Here
are
all
the
newspaper
articles
that
I
read
that
talk
about
what
I
published
and
here
are
the
testimonies
of
the
people
that
I
interviewed.
That
told
me
the
stories
that
are
in
Uncle,
Tom's
Cabin,
so
a
book
that
starts
as
a
fictional
serial
in
an
abolitionist
newspaper
emerges
as
the
center
feature
of
the
discussion
of
slavery
in
America
Harriet
Beecher
Stowe
shows
up
twice
on
the
list,
which
shows
you
the
enormous
range
and
ingenuity
of
this
woman.
B
Another
shirt,
bad
I-
guess
you
could
say,
is
this
uncle
tom's
cabin
I'm,
sorry
Huck,
Finn,
1884
Hemingway
said
all
modern
literature
comes
from
one
by
Mark,
Twain
called
Huckleberry
Finn
All,
American.
Writing
comes
from
that
there
was
nothing
before
there's
been
nothing
good,
sense
and
I.
Think
it's
hard
to
argue
against
having
this
book
on
the
list,
even
with
the
modern
controversy
that
Huck
Finn
seems
to
promote
in
some
communities.
B
B
It
emerges
from
the
controversy
that
Upton
Sinclair
created
with
this
book
a
book
that
some
people
find
surprising
on
the
list
but
actually
came
in,
is
that
by
voting
as
the
fifth
most
significant
book
ever
published
or
ever
influencing
America
is
Alcoholics
Anonymous
published
in
1939.
This
is
a
much
later
printing.
The
third
edition
some
people
see
it
as
a
self-help
book.
B
B
No
governing
body
is
run
by
local
organizations
and
yet
exists
as
an
entity,
and
you
can
talk
about
it
that
way,
or
you
can
talk
about
the
fact
that
30
million
copies
have
been
sold
and
that
it
has
been
forever
in
print
is
now
in
its
fourth
edition
and
in
terms
of
the
testimonies
that
people
had
in
responding
to
the
exhibition.
They
responded
both
to
the
actual
genuine,
genuine
impact
of
it's
called
the
big
book.
B
The
big
book
on
America
by
introducing
the
whole
notion
of
recovery
through
program
I,
mean
think
how
pervasive
this
is
in
our
life
today
and
how
we
all
talk
about
this
stemming
from
this
moment.
On
the
one
hand,
on
the
other
hand,
there
are
many
people
who
talked
about
how
this
book
saved
their
lives.
So
quite
a
dramatic
moment
for
the
list.
B
I'm,
probably
the
most
popular
book,
mentioned
out
of
10,000
people
to
kill
a
mockingbird
good
choice.
Do
you
think,
would
you
have
said
that
yeah
immediately
successful
prize
winning
again
another
book,
that's
never
left
print,
but
also
a
book
that
never
sparked
another
real
publication
from
the
author.
So
it's
really
one
of
those
moments
in
which
the
book
itself
exists
as
an
entity.
B
One
of
the
reviews
that
came
out
on
one
of
the
anniversaries
of
this
book
said
it's
packed
with
a
hundred
sermons
on
how
to
behave
in
life.
All
of
them
absolutely
right.
You
know
kind
of
a
quintessential
American
book.
So
that's
a
kind
of
fast
overview
of
the
kind
of
big
hits
that
run
throughout
this
list.
I
thought
I
would
very
quickly
just
run
through
the
fiction
and
theater
and
poetry.
B
Just
so
you
hear
the
names
of
some
of
the
books
that
are
there
and
then
we'll
start
a
conversation
if
that's
okay,
so
in
terms
of
literature,
the
first
book
that
ever
became
known
outside
of
the
United
States
is
a
work
of
fiction.
Let
us
legend
of
sleeping
ho
by
Washington
Irving
on
the
list.
We
also
have
hawthorns
of
scarlet
letter
Melville's
moby-dick.
We
have
Louisa
May,
Alcott's
Little
Women,
very
quickly,
followed
by
sort
of
the
subsidiaries
of
little
men
and
other
stories
pretty
much
by
demand
of
the
readership.
B
We
have
Horatio
Alger
stories,
oops
or
Horatio
Alger
stories.
We
have
the
Red
Badge
of
Courage
Stephen,
Crane
L,
frank
Baum's,
The
Wizard
of
Oz
Jack
London's
called
the
wild
1903
zane
grey
riders
of
the
Purple
Sage.
First
western,
really,
if
case
you're
wondering
why
this-
and
we
were
talking
about
this
a
little
bit-
maybe
we'll
get
into
it
in
a
bit.
B
We
weren't
really
trying
to
look
at
representative
literature,
but
the
point
was
made
at
the
table
several
times
that
we
had
to
be
careful,
that
we
didn't
exclude
literature
that
millions
of
people
in
America
read
I,
don't
have
a
bodice
ripper
on
this
look.
You
know
what
that
is
romance
novel
they're
called
bodice
rippers
in
the
field.
B
This
is
dialogue.
This
is
dialect
that
she's
right
here,
John
Steinbeck's,
the
grape
Grapes
of
Wrath,
probably
other
lists
the
only
book.
In
fact
that
did
inspire
legislation
and
that's
because
and
actually,
if
you've
been
watching
PBS
in
the
program
about
the
Dust
Bowl
you'll,
learn
that
a
good
deal
of
America
was
unaware
of
what
was
happening
and
grapes
of
wrath
is
one
of
those
books
that
actually
called
the
attention
of
other
Americans,
the
desperation
of
the
Dust
Bowl
years
Hemingway's
For
Whom,
the
Bell
Tolls
Richard
Wright
native
son
Betty
Smith.
B
The
tree
grows
in
brooklyn
Salinger's
Catcher
in
the
Rye
Ellison's
Invisible
Man
Ray
Bradbury
Fahrenheit
451,
Atlas
Shrugged,
as
I
mentioned,
Jack
Kerouac
on
the
road
to
kill
a
mockingbird,
as
we
saw
catch-22
by
joseph
heller,
one
of
what
became
one
of
the
preeminent
Vietnam
novels,
although
it
wasn't
about
Vietnam
at
all,
but
emerged
in
the
Vietnam
generation,
Robert
Heinlein,
stranger
in
a
strange
land,
Truman
Capote
in
cold
blood
and
Toni
Morrison's
beloved.
A
novel
poetry
is
also
represented.
B
Interestingly
enough,
because
when
you
start
this
kind
of
thing,
I
was
worried
that
none
of
us
were
other
than
Walt
Whitman,
because
I'm
we
are
the
home
of
all
women.
We
weren't
going
to
end
up
with
a
lot
of
poetry,
but
it
was
interesting
how
much
poetry
from
the
committee
emerged
and
how
important
it
is
for
us
to
begin
to
realize
that
it
is
truly
an
American
art
form
and
takes
on
aspects
of
being
American
I'm,
not
just
a
genre.
B
So
we
start
with
the
obvious,
which
is
in
fact
Walt
Whitman's
Leaves
of
Grass
Emily
Dickinson's,
poems,
which,
ironically,
many
of
which
were
not
revved
in
her
lifetime,
William
Carlos
Williams
spring
in
all,
which
is
really
the
first
time
in
which
poetry
moves
into.
What's
called
the
images
movement.
It
is
not
following
strict
cadence
but
is
much
more
familiar
to
what
we
would
consider
modern
poetry
today
that
comes
out
in
23,
but
ironically,
immediately
oops
sorry
immediately
followed
by
Robert
Frost's
New
Hampshire,
which
is
about
as
far
away
from
it
adjusts
as
you
could
get.
B
Theater,
frankly,
I
thought
theatre
was
the
hardest
thing
to
talk
about.
We
have
three
plays
on
the
list
that,
as
best
I
can
recall
our
town
a
play.
Why
our
town,
because
our
town
is
the
most
consistently
performed
play
in
America,
so
sometimes
we
actually
turn
to
these
kinds
of
statistics.
What
is
the
common
experience
with
this
book
in
America
and
it's
hard
to
find
a
play
that
outdoes
our
town
so
we're
looking
at?
B
If
nothing
else
as
an
example
of
a
common
literature
that
has
run
through
all
of
our
experiences
as
I
bet,
it
has.
The
other
was
Eugene
O'neill
you're
all
expecting
long
day's
journey
and
tonight
so
I
thought
I'd
be
contrary
and
put
in
the
Iceman
Cometh,
which
I
did
because
it's
about
labor
and
law
and
social
movements
and
not
about
addiction
in
Tennessee
Williams,
a
streetcar
named
desire
because
it
has
Marlon
Brando.
B
That's
partly
true:
no,
it's
actually
the
moment
in
which
you
Tennessee
Williams
annecy
Williams
emerges
as
a
playwright
that
also
moves
into
other
media
you're,
going
to
you're
going
to
hear
in
these
lists
several
times
works
that
are
significant
to
us
still
because
they
have
moved
from
one
media
to
the
next
and
in
our
book
in
our
judging
of
this,
that
was
actually
a
positive.
It
was
an
indication
that
it
had
ongoing
influence
in
American
culture,
whether
it,
whether
it's
in
your
mind
and
its
origin,
is
a
movie
or
its
actual
literary
form.
B
The
story
and
the
impact
of
the
story
is
still
running
through,
whatever
media
presents
it
and
then
the
area
that
most
people
adore
and
have
very
strong
feelings
about
not
religion,
not
self-help,
not
politics,
children's
books,
more
passionate
stuff
about
children's
books
that
anywhere
else
starting
in
1788
with
the
hieroglyphic.
Oh
Bible,
Isaiah,
Thomas,
a
very
important
American
printer
that
needs
to
be
included,
but
we've
included
it
because
it's
the
moment
in
the
18th
century.
This
is
an
extremely
popular
Bible.
That's
also
extremely
rare
right
now.
B
It's
very
scarce
is
very
hard
to
get
a
copy
of
this.
Probably
because
it's
been
read
to
death,
the
entire
Bible
is
presented
to
children
in
rebuses
or
picture
puzzles.
It's
the
first
time
in
which,
in
America
a
publication
is
aimed
at
the
actual
vocabulary
and
size
of
a
child
indicating
that
we're
beginning
to
move
into
what
will
become
a
19th
century
notion
that
the
child
is
a
small
creature
and
not
a
small
adult
in
the
18th
century.
Most
children's
mature
is
written
as
if
they're,
small
adults
and
Isiah
Thomas
is
curious.
B
Hieroglyphic
Bible
is
the
first
clue
that
that
change
has
been
made.
We
have
mcguffey's
reader,
we
have
Horatio
Alger's,
mark
the
match
boy
and
any
other
number
of
self-help
books,
all
written
for
the
attention
of
children.
Of
course,
The
Wizard
of
Oz
in
1900
and
I
think
this
is
rivaled
by
Harry,
probably
Harry
Potter
and
what's
the
vampire
thing,
thats
quiet,
Twilight,
probably
sorry
just
became
very
old
Twilight
and
Harry.
Potter
are
probably
good
examples
of
this
as
well.
Vom
didn't
had
no
intention
of
doing
what
he
ultimately
did.
B
It
was
such
intense
public
pressure
to
continue
to
write
that
all
those
Oz
books
that
came
after
the
wonderful
world
of
Oz
is
in
response
to
a
massive
public
response
to
his
book
in
a
very
interesting
moment
in
publishing
history,
Charlotte's
Web
1952
a
child's
book,
that's
popular
in
part,
because
it's
so
amusing
and
entertaining
to
adults,
I
think,
probably
as
well.
Katun
had
1957
snowy
day
1962.
B
B
Because?
Well
it's
a
fabulously,
beautiful
book.
If
we're
looking
for
significance,
it's
the
first
full-color
production
main
line
book
that
has
an
african-american
child
as
a
central
character
which
says
something
about
America,
given
the
date
that
is
1962
and
it's
published
and
as
a
landmark
children's
book.
Of
course
we
have
sendak
and
where
the
wild
things
are
with
Max
going
after
beasts
and
finally
just
wrap.
This
up.
We've
tried
to
bring
into
this
list
something
beyond
literature,
something
beyond
reading
in
the
normal
way.
You
can
call
them
self-help
books.
B
You
can
call
them
scientific
works
there.
Any
number
of
these,
but
just
to
give
you
a
flavor
of
what
we
were
choosing
the
survey
of
roads
of
the
United
States
from
1789.
The
first
full
mapping
of
what
was
then
the
United,
fundamentally
altering
the
notion
of
the
continent
at
the
time
and
perpetuating
what
we
still
deal
with
today.
B
Only
ours
talk
to
us
now,
not
so
much
for
me
today,
driving
over
here
but
they're
supposed
to
talk
to
us,
Jacob
Riis,
how
the
other
half
lives
night
1891
of
the
early
photojournalist
essays,
exposing
intense
poverty
in
the
city,
Irma
Rombauer,
joy
of
cooking.
How
many
of
you
is
joy
of
cooking
for
thanksgiving?
Oh,
how
many
use
the
internet
for
thanksgiving?
B
So
this
is
one
of
the
hot
debates
in
the
committee
hot.
Why
not
Julia
Child!
So
the
number
of
publications
of
joy
of
cooking
18
million
copies
sold.
It
emerges
in
a
period
of
time
in
which
Americans
are
struggling
to
move
away
from
a
kind
of
wood
burning
farm
based
product
cooking
to
a
grocery
store
supplied
America.
That
has
power.
B
So
everything
changes
in
your
cooking,
a
friend
of
mine
who
just
edited
a
Rizzoli
book
on
the
101
cookbooks
of
America
points
out
that
joy
of
cooking
emerged
the
year
after
a
vast
number
of
American
women
lost
their
cooks
to
the
depression
and
suddenly
found
themselves
having
to
cook
and
I,
often
quote
my
favorite
line
from
joy
of
cooking,
which
to
me
is
the
best
answer
to
why
not
Julia
Child.
The
opening
recipe
of
joy
of
cooking
opens
with
first
face
the
stove.
B
I'm,
a
product
of
this
I
have
to
tell
you
Spock's,
common-sense
book
of
baby
and
child
care
where
children
could
have
joy.
Children
didn't
have
to
have
scheduled.
Children
could
be
entitled
and
run
havoc
and
a
book
that
fundamentally
altered
the
way
in
which
children
were
reared
in
America.
And
finally,
it's
just
an
example:
Betty
Friedan's
Feminine
Mystique
a
book
that
sparked
a
conversation
that
is
still
playing
out
and
sometimes
rises
and
falls
in
America
today,
just
as
an
example
of
a
socio-political
discussion
that
can
actually
take
on
a
life
of
its
own.
B
There
are
many
other
examples
of
that.
So
that's
a
very
fast
kind
of
impressionistic
overview
of
the
exhibition.
I
thought
we
would
have
a
conversation,
the
two
of
us
about
how
we
did
some
of
this
and
some
of
the
difficulties,
the
books.
I
lost
the
books
I
forced
through
and
why
we
chose
some
books
and
then
will
field
questions
from
you.
C
So
I
was
going
to
just
talk
briefly,
really
briefly
about
the
role
that
these
texts
have
played
in
literary
history,
as
well
as
in
American
and
American
cultural
history.
These
many
of
these
literary
works
impacted
the
course
of
American
history
and
culture,
but
also
American,
writing
and
American
writers.
So
the
list
includes
writers
who
influenced
writing
styles.
They
influenced
how
we
can
write.
C
William
Faulkner
impacted
our
understanding
of
southern
literary
or
of
southern
history
and
of
history's
effect
on
the
individual,
but
he
also
innovated
a
stream
of
consciousness,
writing
style
that
changed
how
ride
writers
captures
subjectivity
in
perspective,
Hemingway
articulated
and
perhaps
influenced
20th
century,
a
20th
century
disillusionment
with
old
gods
and
ideals.
But
in
addition,
his
sparse
pros
the
opposite
of
faulkner's,
even
though
they
were
writing
sort
of
at
the
same
time
became
a
model
for
a
generation
of
writers
who
attempted
to
capture
the
texture
of
human
life.
C
In
understatement,
the
list
includes
writers
who
impacted
what
we
can
write
about.
Walt
Whitman's
Leaves
of
Grass
made
the
speaking
I
in
the
speaker's
body.
A
laudable
topic
of
poetry,
Zora
Neale
Hurston
was
the
first
to
celebrate
sexual
desire
of
a
black
woman
and
both
of
these
changed.
What
we
can
write
about,
what
we
do
write
about,
I'm
genre,
wise,
the
books
present
a
really
lovely
literary
history,
Benjamin
Franklin,
frederick
douglass
and
henry
adams
give
us
snapshots
of
the
different
purposes
to
which
autobiography
can
be
put
from
autobiography
providing
a
model
to
emulate.
C
In
the
case
of
franklin,
though,
that
autobiography
is
also
invested
in
his
legacy,
creating
the
Ben
Franklin,
we
know
two
autobiography
as
an
argument
for
social
action
in
the
case
of
Frederick
Douglass
to
autobiography
as
social
critique
in
the
case
of
Henry
Adams.
I
also
love
how
the
black
literary
tradition
is
represented
here.
C
Books
by
zora,
neale,
hurston,
Richard,
Wright
and
Ralph
Ellison
are
speaking
to
each
other
about
the
purpose
of
african-american
literature
and
writers,
as
they
double
debate,
the
role
of
the
african-american
in
American
society,
so,
for
example,
Zora
Neale,
Hurston
and
Richard
Wright
present
alternative
visions
of
the
value
of
black
culture
and
they
debated
these
visions
in
reviews
of
each
other's
work.
At
the
time.
C
A
debate
that
Zora
Neale
Hurston
in
many
ways
lost
and
fell
into
obscurity
for
30
years
and
then
The
Invisible
Man
riffs
on
Richard
Wright's
work,
so
he
his
rough
elf
sins
novel
is
really
in
direct
response
to
Richard
right.
So
you
can
really
trace
through
the
literary
texts,
a
debate
about
writing
about
what
writing
can
be,
what
American
writing
can
be
and
what
American
writers
can
write
about.
C
So
I
have
some
questions
for
mark
I'm
to
get
the
conversation
going,
I'm
going
to
start
with
a
sort
of
philosophical
question
and
then
we'll
get
down
into
the
sort
of
nitty-gritty
of
this.
Can
you
talk
about
this?
Can
you
talk
about
the
debates
but
at
any
time
that
you
feel
really
pressing
questions
or
follow-up
questions
just
feel
free
to
jump
in?
Because
the
point
is
to
have
a
conversation
and
not
to
talk.
So
there
is
much
literary
debate
about
whether
writers
reflect
culture
of
the
time
or
whether
they
act
on
culture.
C
So
the
question
is:
are
these
books
influential
because
they
crystallise
versioning
cultural
movements
and
trends
and
Mark
already
mentioned?
We
talked
about
the
jungle
as
creating
the
FDA,
but
all
that
legislation
was
already
in
Congress.
It
was
stalled
in
Congress,
but
it
was
already
in
Congress
before
it
came
out
or
do
work,
books,
mark
breaks
and
changes
with
new
ideas.
So
you've
spent
a
lot
of
time
with
these
texts
and
so
I'd
love
to
hear
your
take
on
whether
the
power
of
books
is
an
articulating
cultural
trends
or
in
creating
new
ones.
I.
B
Think
it's
a
great
question.
I
think
it
actually
articulates
some
of
the
confusion
and
frustration
we
had
in
the
committee
because
we
often
found
ourselves
asking
this
question.
Is
it
an
important
book
or
does
it
reflect
an
important
time?
And
I
think
we
came
around
to
the
decision
that
both
aspects
of
fiction,
work
and
both
are
present
on
the
list,
so
there
are
in
fact
I
would
think
of,
for
example,
Red
Badge
of
Courage,
which
is
written
much
after
the
Civil
War
1890
I.
B
Believe
it's
not
as,
although
it's
a
civil
war
novel
is
not
a
civil
war
novel.
It's
about
the
dilemma
of
an
individual.
In
this
situation.
It
does
not
write
about
troops
or
warfare.
It's
completely
a
novel
that
raises
the
issue
of
violence
and
war,
but
it's
couched
in
an
historical
moment
and
I
think
changes
the
way
in
which
we
continue
to
write
and
discuss
for
write
about
and
discuss
work
Gatsby.
B
B
What's
what's
the
title,
I
just
lost
the
title
Catcher
in
the
Rye?
Yes,
totally,
yes
and
I
think
that
actually
identified
for
a
good
part
of
America,
a
phenomenon
that
was
present
and
not
viewed
so
I
think
it
actually
changes
the
culture
by
awakening
parents,
in
particular
in
the
world
in
general,
to
an
undercurrent
in
culture.
It
doesn't
reflect
it.
It
actually
indicates
that
it's
there
and
causes
people
to
look
at
adolescents
differently.
Although,
interestingly
enough,
that
novel,
probably
wouldn't
fly
today,
I'm
sure.
D
B
I
I
think
I
think
this
is
when
the
discussion
of
impact
and
significance
really
comes
into
play,
although
it's
not
necessarily
so
that
a
book
has
to
have
currency
for
decades
to
come,
it
can
have
a
really
profound
impact.
It
may
know
we
represent
a
wide
range
of
generations
on
the
committee,
I
think
they
just
they
probably
get
crowded
out
by
stronger
examples.
B
It's
not
to
say
that
that's
not
a
good
example
it
just.
This
is
the
dilemma
of
the
grip.
Of
course.
Excuse
me
how
many
books
could
you
put
and
when
another
book
comes
up
you're
either
replacing
one
or
you're
expanding
your
list,
so
I
think
some
of
these
might
have
just
naturally
fallen
out
by
having
more
incidental
significance
than
longer-range
significance.
We
were
also
looking
for
broader
cultural,
but
that's
not
the
first
time
that's
come
up.
There
are
other
emissions
that
actually
of
novels
that
are
not
right.
B
C
Actually
have
kind
of
a
related
question
to
this
issue,
about
what
we
mean
by
influential
and
how
much
the
committee
considered
popularity
when
they
were
thinking
about
influence,
because
there
are
several
books
on
there
that
have
not
been
ever
well
read
right
spring
and
all
by
William,
Carlos
Williams.
For.
B
Example,
where
even
half
the
committee
said
what-
and
that
was
that-
so
that's
a
perfect
example
of
a
book
in
which
we
could
talk
about
William
Carlos
Williams,
which
poems
opening
an
avenue
that
made
possible
an
entire
literature
of
American
poetry.
So
in
that
case
we
were
looking
at
the
first
instance
or
the
instance
in
which
something
was
sparked.
We
probably
could
have
gone
to
a
much
more
popular
poet
later
on
or
more
identifiable
poet
to
be
the
placeholder
for
that.
B
But
we
were
looking
there
for
a
book
that
had
the
kind
of
impact
of
altering
the
way
in
which
expression
was
possible.
There's
that
end
of
it
by
influence.
We
mean
change
the
way
that
Americans
describe
themselves
change
the
way
the
Americans
see
themselves
change
the
way
that
Americans
govern
themselves
or
how
they
portray
themselves
to
the
rest
of
the
world
or
how
they
identify
who
they
are
amongst
us.
B
So
the
discovery
of
race,
the
discovery
of
women,
a
whole
variety
of
literature's
that
emerged
as
we
go
through
time
changes
this
picture
of
America,
so
we're
looking
for
that
kind
of
influence,
but
we're
also
looking
for
firsts
I.
Guess
you
could
say
the
first
American
cookbook
that
is
the
beginning
of
a
long
tradition
of
a
literature
for
the
map
book,
for
example,.
B
So
popularity
can
be
used
to
justify
the
inclusion
at
a
certain
time.
It's
never
been
really
a
way
of
excluding
it
yeah.
So
I
used
the
pop
I
I
was
the
one
that
was
pushing
Alcoholics
Anonymous,
which
received
a
kind
of
not
resistance,
but
people
were
a
little
surprised
and
then
I.
You
know
you
just
have
to
rattle
off
30
million
copies
and
it's
kind
of
hard
to
argue
that
it
hasn't
had
some
kind
of
impact.
B
On
the
other
hand,
there
is
a
book
right
next
to
it
on
the
list
that
you
know
never
won
past
a
hundred
thousand
copies
and
is
clearly
known
to
all
of
us
and
and
as
impact.
So
we
purposely
try
to
not
do
the
100
most
popular
books,
which
would
be
just
dull
you
have
to
if
you
actually,
if
we
actually
did
a
list
of
the
100
most
popular
books
in
America,
you
would
be
mortified.
You
wouldn't
wonder
what
you
would
wonder
where
all
these
people
live,
because
they
don't
live
next
door
to
you
fiction.
E
B
E
B
Alex
Haley
is
also
represented
with
Malcolm
X,
although
you
don't
know
that,
but
he's
responsible
for
part
of
the
production,
but
that's
not.
Why
roots
as
marriage
wasn't
there
because
we
ran
out
of
room.
This
is
the
time
where
I
can
now
reveal
that
the
conversation
of
the
twelve,
the
additional
books
that
make
100
Alex
roots,
is
on
that
list
and
will
likely
show
up.
Do
you
want
to
hear
the
12
that
we're
talking?
Will
that
change
your
mind?
I
thought,
maybe
I
would
wait
to
hear
them
from
you.
B
First
I'll
tell
you
Willa
Cather's
my
antonia
sandra
cisneros,
the
house
on
mango
street,
the
Friedman's
free
to
choose
a
personal
statement:
market
economy,
Alex
Haley
roots
ken
kesey
One,
Flew
Over,
the
Cuckoo's
Nest
Sinclair
Lewis,
Main
Street.
This
is
a
major
emission.
I
have
to
confess
I
and
was
horrified
when
I
realized
that
we
just
forgot
it
really
Edgar
Allan
Poe
tales
book
of
mormon
their
most
consistently
asked
about
book,
probably
after
the
Bible
and
a
few
others,
and
there
were
two
arguments
this
was
actually
debated
in
the
committee.
B
Representing
a
large
body
of
individuals,
on
the
other
hand,
is
localized
to
the
experience
of
a
certain
group
of
individuals
of
election
aside.
Is
you
know?
Is
this
book
have
impact
beyond
the
six
million
people
that
follow
it?
Although
later
we
were
informed
that
six
million
is
larger
than
the
combination
of
any
two
other
Protestant
sects
put
together,
which
is
very
interesting.
So
suddenly
it
emerged
as
kind
of
on
the
list
as
a
kind
of
from
out
of
the
American
experience
grows.
B
This
particular
notion
of
religion,
The
Joy,
Luck
Club,
a
meet
n,
which
was
not
my
The
Joy
Luck
Club
I,
had
argued
for
Manzanar
farewell
to
manzanar
farewell
to
manzanar
is
what
I
had
argued
for
or
either
or
Maxine
Hong
Kingston.
Thank
you.
I
always
get
that
backwards,
but
this
came
to
be
the
choice
of
a
particular
group
of
people,
and
I
can
probably
reveal
this
is
the
one
time
in
which
an
outside
group
rallied
for
inclusion,
The,
Joy,
Luck
Club
a
meet
n.
B
So
this
is
an
interesting
problem.
Yes,
you
know
the
problem
right
away,
so
we
were
trying
not
to
be
mawkish.
Lee
representative,
we
did
hold
to
a
standard,
a
book
of
significant
meaning
of
significance.
You
can
argue
that
certain
books
have
significance
to
the
community
that
they're
aimed
at
and
that's
legitimate
and
probably
in
retrospect.
B
We
might
have
embraced
that
a
little
bit
more
heartily,
but
we
were
really
looking
for
a
larger
impact,
and
so
a
lot
of
these
novels
that
were
suggested
by
various
people
just
fell
to
second
rung
because
they
didn't
move
beyond
popularity
to
having
meaning.
But
there
was
a
rather
persuasive
effort
on
the
part
of
the
community
to
do
that,
and
so
we
discussed
that
Kurt
Vonnegut's
slaughterhouse-five
Alice
Walker
is
the
color
purple
little
house
books
by
Laura
Ingalls
Wilder.
So
those
are
all
popular
with
you
not
so
much
with
me,
but
with
you.
D
G
F
B
B
The
Headless
Horseman
Sleepy
Hollow
is
the
first
American
book,
not
piece
of
fiction
that
actually
gains
notoriety
outside
of
the
United
States
I.
Think
certain
of
the
novelist's
have
certainly
crossed
over
into
international
fame.
Clearly
how
to
succeed,
influence
people
Dale
Carnegie,
if
he's
showing
up
in
Croatian,
clearly
has
an
impact.
I
was
some
of
the
self-help
books.
Probably
the
same
thing.
Certainly
I
would
imagine
that
some
of
those
have,
but
it
wasn't
a
primary
consideration,
although
it
would
have
been
if
it
were
there,
it
would
have
been
a
strengthening
argument.
H
B
B
Why
not
Samuels
economics
as
opposed
to
goodnight
moon?
You
know
it's
just
sort
of
it's
a
it's
a
cut.
It's
a
conversation,
that's
hard
to
have
Payton
Payton
places
is,
is
one
of
many
popular
novels
that
also
gained
even
greater
notoriety
and
film
at
a
slightly
scandalous
level,
and
we
started
to
look
at
certain
books
as
placeholders
for
all
of
that
kind
of
literature.
Just
as
why
the
triumvirate
of
Emerson
and
etc
is
only
represented
by
two
out
of
the
three.
I
Expand
a
little
bit
more
on
how
I
brought
the
list
of
considered
books
was,
and
to
this
exhibit
is
it
designed
to
influence
libraries
in
the
United
States
to
carry
all
these
books?
How
many
you
know
I
would,
I
would
say,
less
than
a
quarter
of
you
know,
county
libraries
in
the
country
have
these
books.
You
know
you.
B
B
Be
it
we
so
much?
We
did
two
things
as
a
committee
as
a
core
committee.
We
each
came
in
with
our
complete
list.
That
is
we
each
sat
down
and
wrote
every
book
down
that
we
thought
fit
this
list,
and
then
we
also
agreed
on
certain
general
categories
that
we
would
list
books
that
were
important
in
that
area.
Clearly,
the
one
that
didn't
work
very
well
was
religion,
because
I
think
we
did
very
poorly
on
religion.
There
are
some
arguments
for
adding
more,
but
just
to
make
sure
we
weren't
missing
things.
B
Let's
choose
the
obvious
books
on
this
list
that
are
going
to
stay
and
that
actually
whittle
down
our
trouble
to
just
look
books
in
a
way.
So
that's
why
things
like
Peyton,
Place
and
stuff
start
the
conversation
isn't
about.
Why
not
Peyton
Place?
It's!
We
only
have
20
slots
left.
What
are
we
going
to
put
in
and
that's
how
that
evolved?
We're
not.
This
is
not
meant
to
be
prescriptive
in
any
way.
B
B
The
three
books
that
mark
wanna
that
mark
didn't
get
I
wanted
Strunk
and
white
dan
that
a
good
suggestion.
Thank
you
very
much
and
I.
You
know:
I
fill
a
room
when
I
walk
in
and
I
lost.
That
argument,
so
the
second
was
angels
in
america
for
theater.
I
have
down
here
Book
of
Mormon,
but
I
was
a
little
bit
wishy-washy
about
that
and
retrospect
would
I
wish
I
had
argued
much
more
strongly
for
was
Dick
and
Jane.
B
I'm
not
being
glib
Dick
and
Jane.
This
is
an
example,
not
a
popularity,
but
of
uniformity
of
American
culture.
There
is
probably
a
generation
of
15
years.
I
would
suspect
in
which
every
American
school
child
across
the
board
read
these
books,
and
so
it's
our
introduction
to
the
way
our
families
are
supposed
to
be
the
way
we're
supposed
to
look
who
we're
supposed
to
be
interested
in
what
kind
of
cars
we
drive,
what
our
houses
look
like
all
of
that
inculcated.
It's
an
incredibly
powerful
book
noted.
C
Centered
the
vocabulary
of
yeah,
so
children's
books
keep
coming
up
again
and
again
so
I
thought
and
I
know
that's
what
people
feel
most
are
very
affectionate
force.
I
thought
you
could
talk
a
little
bit
more
about
how
you
decided,
which
children's
books
to
put
on
the
list
and
then
why
not
Judy,
Blume
and
I'm
sure
other
people
have.
You
know
their
favorites
that
they
wonder
Judy.
B
Blume
come
Judy,
Blume
has
come
up
a
lot
in,
especially
in
the
last
month
or
so,
and
she
was
at
the
book
fair.
Also,
so
I
have
to
confess
this
as
a
moment
where
the
limitation
of
a
committee
can
shine
through,
because
the
first
time
someone
said
I
almost
embarrassed
to
confess
us
said
judy
blume
I
said
who
so
the
first
hands
down
no
argument
book
that
came
on
the
entire
list
after
Uncle,
Tom's,
Cabin,
actually
good
night
moon.
B
B
This
is
a
list
of
books
that
had
impact
or
influence
on
America
and
especially
America's
children
in
a
certain
way,
the
most
consistently
read
children's
book
in
America,
goodnight
moon
and
there
are
legions
of
children
that
have
been
raised
by
this
book,
ma
to
the
point
that
it's
almost
a
consistent
current
and
our
culture
and
has
jumped
in
generations
to
especially
media.
So
if
you
go
online
and
look
at
what
kind
of
electronic
versions
of
goodnight
moon
or
out
there,
you
will
be
flabbergasted,
so
this
stays
alive.
I
already
talked
about
cates's
snowy
day
night.
B
Whatever
is
as
being
a
moment
in
which
representation
expanded.
We
were
looking
at
children's
books
in
a
way
that,
if
you
list
to
get
it's
almost
as
if
there's
a
march
of
the
development
of
the
notion
of
the
child
in
America
and
these
books
seem
to
speak
to
that,
there's
a
primer
in
which,
with
Adams
fall,
we
see
in
all
that's
literally
late,
18th
early
19th
century
primer
in
which
children
are
given
the
alphabet
but
they're.
B
J
B
B
I
suppose
we
could
have
started
doing
the
kind
of
thing
that
time
magazine
does
when
they
can't
figure
out
who's
the
most
famous
person
for
the
year
and
they
call
a
group.
You
know
we
could
have
done
comic
books,
Superman,
I'm,
sorry,
Batman,
and
so
there
we
go.
Superman
probably
would
have
been
Dick
Tracy.
The
Dick
Tracy
is
actually
a
comic
strip
and
a
small
book,
but
not
I,
wouldn't
include
him
as
eligible
for
unfortunately
sorry,
but
the
comic
books
I.
B
E
B
Yes,
okay,
the
question
is:
is
there
anything
on
the
list
published
after
2000
to
know?
Where
did
we
consider
books
after
2002?
There
was
some
discussion.
The
second
part
of
the
question
is
the
answer,
or
is
it
that
not
you
were
referring
to
novels,
but
I
would
say
in
general,
books
and
literature
of
a
particular
stance
take
some
time
before
they
gain
a
sense
of
significance.
B
I
think
what
we're
trying
to
avoid
is
a
trend
and
popularity,
and
I
think
it's
too
hard
to
judge
a
book
that
was
printed
seven
years
ago
as
to
whether
it
has
lasting
impact,
unless
it
has
had
profound
impact
already.
There
are
some
books
that
had
immediate
impact
uncle
tom's
cabin
when
it
was
revived
had
immediate
impact.
It
went
through
hundreds
of
thousands
of
printings
on
a
monthly
basis
and
everybody
was
reading
it
and
there
are
other
books
that
are
like
that.
Can
you
think
of
one
that
you
would
include
yeah
I
mean?
B
Can
anyone
think
of
a
modern
book
in
the
last
ten
years
that
you
think
should
be
on
this
list
now
with
certainty
the
tipping
point,
possibly
them?
You
know
to
me
that
feels
a
little
popular,
but
you
know
we
should
wait
and
see
harry
potter.
You
could
rlo
as
she's
English
she's
English.
Thank
you
very
much
that
saved
me
on
that.
One
go
ahead.
Alright,
and
now
is
your
moment.
Well.
B
L
B
B
I
think
we
address,
we
address
a
much
stronger
racial
discussion
than
martin
luther
king,
with
several
of
the
authors
that
are
on
the
list.
I
mean
I.
Think
we
address
that
issue.
Martin
Luther
King
is
a
famous
person,
but
the
argument
between
fire
next
time-
James
Baldwin,
Malcolm
X,
the
authors
that
cluster
around
that
is
actually
a
better
example
of
the
dialogue,
but
I
wouldn't
argue
against
it.
I
just
think
it's
kind
of
represented
what
was
the
first
particle.
B
And
you,
and
that
would
be
what
again
Martin
Luther
King's
book
on
City
Oh
on
civil
disobedience
yeah.
This
goes
back
to
the
what
I
was
saying
earlier
about
that
group
of
authors.
We
can
only
have
so
many
of
their
books
present,
so
you
have
to
at
some
point,
except
that
Emerson
Thoreau
Whitman
represent
that
Jean
that
period
and
that
literature,
otherwise
you're
removing
one
for
the
other
and.
B
Civil
disobedience
is
a
clear
path
because
it
is
the
same
function
now
as
it
was
then,
but
there
are
others.
I
think
that
have
changed
the
way
we
look
at
the
world
didn't
talk
about
it
and
change
our
vocabulary.
That
will
go
dark
I'm,
not
saying
it's
not
a
good
choice.
It's
actually
a
very
good
choice.
It's
just
I
think
we
have
to
you
know
we
face
that
problem
and
who
do
we
take
off
in
this
discussion
and
and
what?
B
B
B
B
J
B
B
It
may
have
actually
influence
certain
kind
of
therapy
too.
No,
no
I'm
serious,
it
may
have
influenced
way.
Therapy
is
conducted
in
America
I,
don't
think
we
were
avoiding
them
I,
don't
they
just
didn't
rise
to
a
moment
of
bright
white
light
that
we
were
looking
for.
You
know.
Yes,
we
the
whole
earth
catalog
up.
You
want
to
know
what
took
what
happened
to
it.
Our
Bodies
Ourselves
so
put
that
in
your
pipe
and
smoke
it
buckaroo.
C
And
I
guess
this
keeps
bringing
up
one
of
the
questions
I
have
is
that
will
often
see
a
text
on
here?
That's
representative
of
I
mean
adding
Main
Street
right
to
the
text
to
the
list.
That's
representative
of
all
these
revolt
from
the
village
novels
that
came
out
like
Winesburg
Ohio,
like
Babbitt.
So
how
did
you
settle
on
Main
Street
and
not
Winesburg,
Ohio
or
Hemingway
Hemingway
had
to
be
on
there,
but
how
did
you
settle
on
for
whom
the
bell
tolls
and
not
another
Hemingway.
B
The
good
part
is,
you
know
we
can
all
talk
about
books
that
we
believe
are
important
and
we
shouldn't
argue
that
they
are
are
not
so
much
as
whether
or
not
they
make
a
kind
of
certain
list,
but
the
Hemingway
conversation
was
just
impossible.
You
know
it
was.
Do
we
present
him?
As
you
know,
when
he's
in
America
or
in
he's
not
in
America,
did
we
do
war?
Did
we
do
sex
and
love?
Do
we
do
on?
We
do
we,
you
know,
do
we
do
men
fishing?
B
You
know
it
was
just
and
I
think
we
just
opted
for
the
kind
of
the
war
novel,
but
you
know
if
there
had
been
another
person
in
the
room
would
have
probably
been
another
book
on
the
list.
It
was
just
that
kind
of
conversation.
That's
interesting,
though,
right
because
no
one's
really
going
to
argue
there
how
many
ways
shouldn't
be
on
the
list.
So
the
the
interesting
part
of
this
list,
which
has
to
be
seen
as
placeholder
and
representative,
is
that
this
book
that
title
represents
more
than
just
it.
B
O
B
Some
of
them
are,
they
are
quite
clearly
because
they
and
they
alone
deserve
to
be
in
that
spot.
Others
are
there
because
it
could
have
been
one
of
any
number
of
19th
century
novels
or
wanted
any
number
of
1920s
authors.
All
writing
about.
You
know
the
same
spiraling
down
of
American
culture.
Now
the
only
the
only
one
that
I
kiboshed
entirely
totalitarian
fashion
was
a
member
of
the
committee
who
was
so
eager
and
excited
about
this
said
the
yearling
and
the
entire
room
was
dead,
silent
and
yeah.
B
So
I
said
you
know
that
might
be
one
of
those
generational
moments.
So
I
didn't
go
on
the
list,
but
it's
sure
it's
important.
Do
we
have
time
to
talk
for
people
talk
about
books
that
are
important
to
them
personally,
but
you
want
to
ask
question
first,
the
question
is:
have
I
read
all
the
books
on
the
list?
No,
but
I
have
read.
B
N
B
I
this
whole
genre
of
literature
is
kind
of
I.
Don't
I,
don't
know
if,
if
we're
ready
to
measure
the
impact
of
that
it
kind
of
goes
back
to
tipping
point
and
other
things.
These
are
kind
of
repackaging
of
ideas
that
get
a
kind
of
handle
or,
if
they're,
good
or
gimmick,
if
they're
bad,
that
become
very
popular,
but
whether
they
are
significant
to
our
life
or
not.
I,
don't
know
a
way
of
judging,
but
it
doesn't
mean
that
we
wouldn't
include
them
I,
just
I.
B
O
B
B
Reasons
one,
it
represents
a
large
body
of
it's
a
it's
a
placeholder.
If
this
is
the
question,
it's
a
significant
of
literature
that
came
out
of
the
federal
writing
project
during
the
Depression,
some
of
which
remains
important.
It
also.
It
also
changed
the
nature
of
tourism
tour
guides
in
America.
It
also
employed
most
of
the
professional
writers
in
America
for
a
certain
period
of
time.
It's
kind
of
like
gift
books
in
the
19th
century,
had
every
woman
and
every
major
poet
contributed
at
least
something
to
it
in
the
20th
century.
B
I
C
I
would
say
that
this
is
one
thing
that
was
really
fascinating.
For
me
on
this
list
is
that
all
the
major
literary
movements
are
represented
here,
except
post-modernism,
we
get
it
a
little
bit
with
catch-22
and
we'll
get
it
a
little
bit
with
Kurt
Vonnegut,
if
he's
added,
so
it
made
it
made
me
think
about
maybe
the
obscurity
of
literary
trends
at
the
end.
C
It
was
interesting
to
me
the
things,
the
literary
texts
that
were
on
here-
some
of
them,
which
are
not
dwell,
read
today
and
are
still
are
considered,
most
are
mostly
read
in
school
and
to
think
about
the
things
that
aren't
on
here
that
we
spend
a
lot
of
time
at
the
University
talking
about.
So
that's
what
that's
what
I'll
take
from
this
right
is
to
think
about
what
we
do
and
the
conversations
we
have
that
matter
in
the.
B
The
originating
impulse
behind
this
exhibition
was
to
find
a
way
in
which
the
library
of
congress
could
bring
people
together
to
talk
about
books,
the
experience
of
reading
them
and
what
they
meant
in
their
lives,
and
we
did
this
in
a
way
in
which
we
wanted
to
talk
about
books
that
had
enduring
influence
on
America
or
on
Americans.
But
we
also
wanted
people
to
think
about
books
that
have
had
profound
impact
on
them.
I'm,
a
rare
book
library
and
I'm.
B
Also
an
American
historian
and
I
can
say
in
all
the
years
that
I've
worked
and
I
think
this
is
entirely
true.
Every
major
political,
social
and
cultural
movement
in
America
finds
its
way
through
a
book,
or
we
find
our
way
back
to
a
book
in
order
to
understand
it,
and
so
this
becomes
a
really
important
conversation
for
Americans
to
have
and
as
the
nation's
library,
we
wanted
to
spark
that.
So
we
came
up
with
a
list
that
we
knew
would
rankle
that
we
that
we
knew
would
have
omissions.
B
B
But
for
a
different
reason,
but
for
a
similar
motive,
which
is
to
bring
to
call
to
attention
the
universal
experience
of
the
book
in
the
modern
world
which
I
think
we
too
often
by
the
hype
that
the
book
has
no
meaning
in
contemporary
culture
when,
in
fact,
if
you
look
at
this
audience
and
listen
to
what
people
are
saying,
it's
active
in
a
life
I
know
we're
self
selective,
but
we
have
to
hold
to
the
good
fight.
What
I
would
like
to
see
come
out
of.