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From YouTube: The Irish Famine Lecture Series: Famine Roads
Description
Famine Roads: Archaeological Insights into the Public Works Schemes from the Great Famine in Ireland I Thursday 9 February I Dr. Colm Donnelly, Queen’s University Belfast.
Colm is an historical archaeologist in the School of Natural and Built Environment and Co-Director with Prof. Eileen Murphy of the Centre for Community Archaeology with research interests in Medieval and 17th-century Irish buildings, Gaelic Medieval Ulster, children’s burial grounds (cillíní) and community archaeology. An experienced field archaeologist, in 2021 he led a community-based archaeological excavation of a “Famine Road” at Boho, Co. Fermanagh, with Prof. Murphy. Colm has also led a transatlantic excavation and education programme between the University of Massachusetts Lowell, USA, and QUB.
A
Welcome
everyone
to
week,
four
of
our
lecture
series
Ripley
ripping
effects
of
the
Great
Famine
tonight
this
lecture
Series.
This
lecture
Series
tonight
has
been
organized
by
council's
good
relations
program,
which
is
part
financed
by
the
executive
office
of
Northern
Ireland
I'd
like
to
make
everyone
aware
of
that.
The
lectures
delivered
throughout
the
series
are
the
interpretations
and
opinions
of
the
individual
guest
speakers
from
the
research
they've
carried
out
in
their
individual
field
and
not
that
of
our
math
City
Banbridge
and
craigavon
Border
Council.
A
A
He
led
a
community-based
archaeological
excavation
of
a
famine
Road
in
county
for
Mana,
with
Professor
Murphy
column
has
also
led
a
transatlantic
excavation
and
education
program
between
the
University
of
Massachusetts,
low
Lowell
and
Queen's
University
Belfast
column.
If
you'd
like
to
commence
your
your
presentation
and.
A
B
B
Okay
George.
Thank
you
very
much
and
thank
you
to
Jared
for
for
that
very
kind.
Introduction,
I
think.
There's
two
things
said
before
I
begin
going
into
the
lecture
in
detail.
The
first
is
that
it's
a
lecture
by
myself
and
it's
also
Eileen
Murphy
and
as
Laura
mentioned
Eileen
myself
under
the
excavation
of
Harmony.
B
Much
a
joint
project:
why
is
the
giant
project
so
much
over
the
years?
If
you
look
at
our
bibliographies
you'll,
see,
there's
a
lot
of
calm
down
in
Eileen,
Murphy
Publications.
That's
because
we're
married
and
we
have
been
married
for
the
last
25
years.
So
this
is
one
of
our
projects,
like
our
children's
burial
grounds
that
we
do
together
and
it
was
a
project
we
both
really
wanted
to
do,
and
we
did
it
under
the
auspices
of
our
Center
for
Community
archeology.
B
The
other
thing
is,
as
we
go
through
this
lecture,
I'm,
very
conscious
that
I
am
a
historical
archaeologist
but
I'm
also,
primarily
an
archaeologist
and
I'm
sure
there
are
people
who
are
watching
this
presentation
to
make.
You
know
an
awful
lot
more
about
the
famine,
so
there's
background
information,
and
it
may
be
very,
very
simplistic
but
bear
with
me,
because
I'm
I'm,
putting
in
that
background
information
to
give
a
context
to
the
work
that
we
did
and
how
it
came
along,
how
it
happened.
B
B
B
You
have
also
the
the
buildings
themselves
associated
with
the
workhouses,
such
as
listening
ski,
but
also
dotted
across
the
countryside.
You
have
buildings
which
were
abandoned
either
at
the
time
the
famine
or
have
were
abandoned
by
people
emigrating
and
leaving
the
land
in
the
19th
century,
and
you
know
these
each
one
of
these
has
now
become
an
archaeological
site,
Unworthy
of
study.
So
we
were
conscious
about
whenever
we
were
trying
to
frame
a
project
to
undertake
the
the
commemoration.
B
One
of
the
projects
that
we
we
came
up
with
was
and
working
with,
the
glands
of
Hunter
potatoes,
because
the
killock
family,
who
run
the
glands
of
antler
potatoes,
they
obtained
historic
seed,
potatoes,
Lumber
potatoes
in
Scotland,
and
they
brought
them
back
and
they
have
actually
now
got
Lumpur
potatoes
back
as
a
brand
that
you
can
buy.
And
you
can.
B
You
can
see
what
these
potatoes
were
like
these
Lumber
potatoes,
which
were
almost
extinct,
but
these
are
the
famous
potatoes
from
the
family
and
one
of
the
things
that
they
and
the
Glens
of
Anton
do
they.
They
take
the
potatoes
and
they
give
them
out
to
schools.
So
the
schools
can
actually
grow
Lumber
potatoes
and
we
thought
this
would
be
really
good.
B
C
B
B
It
was
all
manual
work
carried
out,
I
stayed
on
shovel
and
in
some
places
beloy
suffice
to
say
it
was
not
lazy,
but
it
enabled
a
marginal
lands
to
be
used
product
productively,
and
there
is
a
thing
to
remember
about
the
lazy
beds
if
you're
driving
through
the
countryside-
and
you
see
that
corrugated
build
the
corrugated
lines
in
that
field
as
you're
driving
up.
You
know
up
the
side
of
a
mountain.
B
It
probably
means
that
the
last
crop
in
that
field
either
rotted
or
was
never
harvested,
because,
whenever
you're
harvesting
the
the
potatoes
out
of
the
lady,
those
cultivation
rigs,
you
actually
pretty
much
have
to
destroy
the
rig
to
actually
get
all
the
potatoes
out.
So
if
the
the
rigs
are
sitting
on
the
landscape-
and
they
haven't
actually
they're
still
there
or
maybe
a
very
good
reason
why
they're
still
there.
B
But
what
what's
unique
for
us
is
the
fact
that
we
have
a
very
rural
Society.
We
have
very
limited
industrial
activity,
it's
subsistence
economy,
there's
pressure
on
the
land
on
the
tillage
and
the
peasantry
are
have
got
their
small,
Holdings
and
generation
upon
generation.
There's
dividing
and
subdividing
their
small
Holdings
right,
the
way
down
to
the
size
of
about
a
quarter
of
an
acre
and
the
reason
why
they're
ill
to
do
this
was
because
of
the
potato
crop,
because
it
is
a
really
nutritious
food
source.
B
I.
Remember
looking
at
data
some
time
ago
of
the
British
army,
the
stature
of
the
British
Army
in
the
19th
century,
whenever
recruits
were
being
brought
into
the
army,
their
height
was
taken
and
what
you
find
was
that
recruits
from
Ireland
were
about
two
inches
taller
than
recruits
from
England,
and
that
was
being
put
down
to
the
fact
that
the
Irish
card
of
diet
with
potatoes
and
buttermilk,
which
was
really
really
nutritious,
whereas
the
English,
particularly
in
urban
sentence.
The
English
diet
was
tea
on
bread.
B
Yeah
was
quite
amazing
is
the
fact
that
you
know
you've
got
a
population
for
eight
million
people,
and
half
of
that
population
are
the
courtiers.
These
are
the
the
people
that
we're
talking
about
here.
The
the
person
who
are
living
on
these
small
Holdings
and
they
have
this
space
small
carbons
that
they're
living
in
very
poor
quality
and
all
the
way
through
the
the
late
18th
century,
we're
in
the
age
of
improvement
in
the
late
18th
century
you're.
B
Getting
these
accounts
from
visitors
who
are
saying
that
the
conditions
of
the
majority
of
the
the
poorer
levels
of
society
and
Ireland
it's
appalling
and
the
housing
is
appalling
and
the
landlords
don't
really
care
the
summer.
Landlords
did
care
and
some
of
the
landlords
did
try
to
bring
improvements.
But
by
and
large
the
lot
of
the
people
was
very
low.
B
Well,
what
happens
in
1854
is
the
collapse
of
the
the
potato
crop
because
of
this
fungal
infection
rate
and
the
the
crop
rots
in
the
ground,
and
if
it
had
been
one
year,
that
would
probably
have
been
bad,
but
they
would
have
got
over
it.
It's
because
it
happens
and
successive
years
that
the
cot
ears
lose
their
primary
good
source
and
the
people
who
are
most
badly
affected
by
the
effects
of
the
the
blade
are
those
people,
the
the
courtier
class
in
society,
but
money
they
had
was
needed
to
pay
for
other
Foods.
B
B
C
B
Chuck
was
really
well
positioned
to
ask
these
questions
because
he
is
a
highly
respected.
American
academic
he's
a
historical
archaeologist
he's
the
guy
that
the
the
textbook
historical
archeology
first
published
in
1985.
The
Third
Edition
is
98
2016.,
and
what
chuck
would
would
say
is
that
the
archaeological
fieldwork
methodology
that
we
use
can
be
applied
to
any
site
anywhere
of
any
period
in
time,
and
it's
all
about
generating
new
information
and
interpretations
of
what
happened
in
the
past.
Based
on
what
we
find
through
our
studies
and
the
key
with
historical
archeology.
B
Is
we
integrate
that
archaeological
fieldwork
methodology
with
other
sources
of
information
such
as
cartographic
sources,
historical
documents,
newspaper
accounts,
upstanding
architecture
and
we've
been
doing
this
work
in
in
Queensland
as
the
CCA
one
project
that
you
know,
I'm
I'm,
particularly
particularly
and
enjoyed
doing,
was
Retreat
Castle,
Retreat
Castle
we
excavated
in
2016.
the
reason
we
had
excavated.
It
was
the
the
the
local
landscape
partnership
scheme,
part
of
the
Glen's
landscape
partnership
scheme
bonded
by
the
lottery
fund.
They
had
been
looking
for
a
site
for
a
community
excavation.
B
B
What
we
did
was
we
combined
the
cartographic
evidence
to
your
physical
survey.
Evidence
excavated
evidence,
upstanding
architectural
elements
on
the
bringing
that
all
together.
What
we
demonstrated
was
that
this
was
not
a
castle
in
the
sense
of
an
anglo-normal
fortification.
This
was
a
country
house
and
it
has
been
built
there
by
Guy
Captain
George
Ewing
in
1775,
and
it
was
tied
in
to
what
I've
mentioned
there
just
a
minute
ago.
The
whole
notion
of
improvement.
B
He
invested
money
in
this.
He
invested
happily
in
building
a
really
nice
country
house,
and
you
can
see
here
from
The
Remains
the
upstanding
remains
and
from
the
excavated
trenches
where
we
picked
up
the
foundations,
we
were
able
to
build
a
picture
of
what
the
ground
floor.
Plan
of
this
house
actually
looked
like
it's
similar
to
a
building.
B
Still
upstanding
Grace
Hill
in
North
tantrum
would
be
a
summary
of
parallel
to
what
was
being
built
here
and
then
the
money
ran
out
and
it
was
abandoned
and
it
was
used
by
as
a
sort
of
like
a
house
for
the
stock
Keepers.
Looking
after
the
sheep
for
the
the
void
landlords,
I
know
it
was
abandoned
by
1800,
so
we
can
use
that
methodology.
Arcade
work
methodology
on
sites
that
are
quite
recent,
also
first
world
war
practice
trenches.
B
B
B
A
Charles
Chuck
he
put
this
into
action.
He'd
written
this
article
came
to
Bernardino.
Well,
he
then
actually
acted
on
this
and
he
went
out
to
buddy
kilklin
on
the
stroke
Stone
estate
in
Roscommon,
and
he
undertook
five
seasons
of
excavation
with
his
American
Crew,
who
would
come
across
every
summer
and
they
excavated
a
series
of
cottages
on
the
estate,
and
these
were
Cottages
associated
with
evictions
of
the
the
tenants
in
1848
by
their
landlord
Martin.
B
Excavating,
the
the
houses
and
looking
at
the
material
culture
that
was
found
in
those
houses
and
what
those
material
cultures
can
tell
us
about.
Big
green
streak
has
come
across
my
screen.
What
those?
What
that
material
at
College?
You
can
tell
us
about
what
life
was
like
for
the
people
living
there
before
the
houses
are
demolished,
results
published
in
series
of
academic
papers
and
also
in
a
book
on
earthing
Heaven
Ireland
published
in
2006..
B
But
since
that
time
there's
been
some
other
additional
work.
That's
been
undertaken,
sometimes
it's
tied
in
to
development
work,
and
so
whenever
they,
the
national
roots,
Authority,
were
doing
their
new
root
scheme
and
currently
myth
in
2004,
and
they
were
doing
the
archaeological
mitigation
and
advanced
support.
They
came
across
this
cot,
eared,
carbon,
the
foundations
of
the
Cartier's
cabin
and
again
because
the
remit
of
the
the
are
at
the
national
groups,
Authority
archaeologists
and
their
contractors
was
that
everything
on
the
route
of
the
road
was
to
be
studied.
B
And
one
of
the
guys
that
was
on
the
excavation
was
Johnny
gabbard
and
Johnny
was
there
when
all
these
skeletons
up
at
970
individuals
revealed
in
63
miles,
pereiros
were
buying
used
involved
in
the
excavation
and
he
went
to
Island.
He
came
to
Eileen
a
human
Austin
archaeologist,
and
this
was
done
as
a
PhD.
He
studied
these
skeletons
as
PhD
and
that
has
been
published
as
a
book
victims
of
Aaron's
great
fun.
B
B
Two-Thirds
of
the
the
children
were
under
the
age
of
six.
There
was
545
skeletons
for
children,
so
you're,
looking
at
basically
half
the
population,
two
three
under
the
age
of
six,
so
you're,
seeing
that
the
death
rate
is
really
high
among
children
and
the
workhouse,
and
we
know
from
the
historical
sources
that
there's
chronic
overcrowding.
B
So
much
salt
that
the
council
and
Kilkenny
they
actually
ban
the
burial
of
poppers
burials
and
the
tone
and
the
workhouse
has
to
deal
with
the
situation.
People
are
still
dying,
so
the
solution
is
that
on
their
land
they
start
to
open
up
these
Graves
and
they
start
in
the
northeast
corner
of
their
property.
And
literally
what
happens
is
every
week.
B
One
of
these
pets
is
a
dog
and
they
bury
people
in
it
and
then
they
close
up
so
the
minute
books
suggest
that
you
know
each
of
these
burials
represents
the
number
of
people
who
died
in
a
week
and
from
that
you
can
then
charge
how
many
people
died
in
a
week
from
the
physical
remains.
Underground
Johnny's
book
is
very
much
since
the
scene,
historical
scene,
but
he
then
goes
into
the
health
status
of
the
people
who
died
so
we're
getting
right
to
the
very
heart
of
the
family.
How
did
this
impact
on
people?
B
B
One
of
the
things
that
we're
interested
in
was
also
the
material
the
culture
of
the
the
great
farmer.
Now
then,
we're
interested
in
material
culture
of
the
foreign
period,
but
probably
the
the
greatest
aspect
of
material
culture
associated
with
the
great
farmer
found
Parts
these
cauldrons,
these
cast
iron
cauldrons
that
we
have
that
were
used
in
workhouses
that
were
used
in
soup
kitchens
that
were
brought
in
from
the
the
foundries
in
England,
distributed
around
the
country
and
used
in
the
soup
kitchens,
and
there
there's
a
hole,
plethora
off
and
still
in
Ireland.
B
Some
of
them
are
in
forgotten
about
and
far
off
places
and
the
sides
of
Fields
some
of
them
have
been
recognized
for
what
they
are
and
they're
put
in
very
nice
locations,
maybe
at
the
the
workhouse
or
a
museum
or
a
church.
But
more
work
needs
to
be
done
on
these
because
nobody
has
actually,
if
you
think,
of
a
classical
prehistoric
archaeologist,
what
would
they
do?
They
would
classify
these
artifacts
and
they
would
try
and
put
them
into
their
typologies
and
they
would
look
at
the
size.
They
would
look
at
the
manufacturer.
B
They'd
look
at
the
materials
used.
None
of
that
has
been
done
for
the
famine
pulse.
So
that's
a
project
that
we
have
that
we're
looking
at
and
we're
thinking
about.
How
can
we
possibly
do
this?
How
would
we
actually
go
about
charting
these
in
the
first
place
and
then
getting
studied
and
analyzed,
and
maybe
that's
the
sort
of
thing
that
could
be
done
as
a
PhD.
B
No,
that
then,
brings
us
on
to
the
another
aspect
of
the
funnel,
and
that
is
the
farm
and
robes
the
public
relief
schemes.
Some
of
these
are
really
well
known.
The
Healy
pass
is
always
the
one.
That's
that's
referred
to
this
road.
That's
on
the
cork
carry
border
that
was
developed
as
the
public
relief
scheme
during
the
common
years,
and
you
can
sort
of
see
in
these
these
two
two
images
selected
from
the
Ordinance
survey
iron.
B
And
then
you
can
see
the
the
aerial
view
of
today
and
you
can
see
from
the
Red
Dot
onwards.
You
can
see
that
the
the
road
has
been
constructed
during
the
fun
period.
Now
the
first
and
introduction
I
had
to
this
concept
of
Bowman.
Roads
was
by
a
guy,
Gabby
Burns,
and
it
was
around
about
the
time
of
the
150th
commemoration.
B
Gary
Works
down
in
pramana
lives,
and
he
was
contributing
to
a
volume
of
local
history
that
was
been
done
by
the
Bell
crew
and
District
Development
Group
entitled,
if
only
the
idea
being
from
the
title,
that
if
only
we
had
recorded
this,
if
only
we'd
talk
to
people
with
you
know
before
they
died,
if
only
and
what
he
did
was
he.
He
presented
this
little
chapter,
which
was
all
about
the
farming
roads
in
the
belku
area.
B
B
B
But
you
can
see
where
I
have
put
the
the
blue
arrows
there,
but
there
is
sketched
in
the
pathway
of
an
uncompleted
Road
and
if
you
go
out
to
belku
and
you
go
out
to
the
the
field
with
our
Ros,
you
can
see
that
there's
this
up
raised
flat
area,
which
is
the
final
Road,
so
that
intrigued
us-
and
it
was
the
sort
of
thing
that
we
thought
to
ourselves.
When
we
came
to
you
know
this
commemoration.
B
Why
don't
we
do
something
that
looks
at
the
farm
notes,
because
this
stick
to
us.
This
is
a
physical
manifestation
of
a
specific
period
in
time
and
the
government
reaction
to
what's
happening
in
Ireland,
because
the
Public
Works
schemes
they're
introduced
from
the
British
government,
was
a
responsive
crisis
in
the
Autumn
of
1846.
B
and
they
focus
on
rooms
and
as
a
means
whereby
the
per
cam
obtained
payment
or
food
in
return
per
word.
He
couldn't
just
possibly
give
people
food,
they
couldn't
set
up
food
kitchens,
soup
kitchens
couldn't
have
that
they
have
to
work
for
it,
but
only
if
you
give
them
the
food
they'd
just
become
a
bite
from
war.
You
know
make
them
work
first,
and
it
is
this
attitude
of
you
know
they
need
to
be
deserving
of
assistance.
B
B
Now,
at
this
stage
we
are
biased,
we're
very
biased,
because
Eileen
is
from
fromana
and
she's
from
Derry
gonly,
and
we
decide
that
we're
going
to
concentrate
our
efforts
in
for
Mana
and
we
do
the
historical
research
when
we
know
the
the
roots
are
built
between
October
1846
and
June
1847
from
our
and
it's
a
really
really
bad
winter.
It's
a
terrible
winter
by
Spring
1847.
There
is
a
recognition,
finally
from
the
British
government
that
actually
this
is
a
disaster.
B
This
is
not
a
good
idea
at
all
and
they
do
what
they
should
have
done
in
the
first
place,
which
was
to
set
up
soup
kitchens
funded
by
local
taxation
and
those
roads
that
have
been
started,
many
of
them
weren't
completed
such
as
the
one
we
just
seen
at
valku,
and
many
of
them
were
abandoned
unfinished.
But
you
can
see
here
from
November
1846.
The
victorians
were
great
at
recording,
fantastic
recording,
and
you
can
see
here
the
board
of
works.
B
B
It's
basically
Part
Memorial
of
his
time
in
Ireland
part
his
views
on
how
Iron
could
be
improved,
but
it's
published
in
1848
after
he
has
returned
from
service
in
Ireland.
As
a
conducting
engineer
on
the
public
work
schemes
and
he's
he
was
a
civil
engineer,
I
think
he's
anglo-irish
it's
hard
to
to
entirely
work
out
what
by
birth,
an
Irishman
and
earnedage
and
dissent
English
actually
means,
but
I
presume
their
son
is
anglo-irish.
B
But
his
book
gives
you
great
insight
into
how
the
Public
Works
were
organized
and
functioned,
because
you
know
you
have
sections
there
that
go
through
each
of
the
class
people
who
are
employed
on
the
scheme,
you're
moving
away
from
the
dull
dry
government
papers,
and
he
tells
you
what
the
the
the
duties
of
the
inspecting
officers
are
and
then
he
gives
you
his
own
remarks
on
how
they
went
about
their
work,
how
they
could
have
done
it
better.
What
things
did
it?
Well,
what
things
is
it
about?
So.
C
B
B
That
also
extends
to
the
rules
themselves
that
are
to
be
built,
because
you
have
these
instructions
to
the
engineers
depicting
two
types
of
Road:
either
24
foot
wide
and
with
a
footpath
or
21
foot
wide
with
no
footpath
well,
they've
got
a
foot
path
of
where
they've
not
got
a
footpath.
They
are
to
be
flanked
with
drains
and
the
drains
are
to
be
three
and
a
half
foot
deep
and
the
surface
of
the
the
the
the
room.
The
route
is
to
have
a
soiling.
The
soiling
is
to
be
of
clay
or
sand.
B
B
The
first
thing
that
we
did
was
we
commissioned
Jillian
almond.
Another
historian
archaeologist,
who
done
work
on
her
PhD,
had
been
on
mental
asylums
in
Ireland.
We
got
her
to
do
a
report
for
us
for
the
CCA
and
we
picked
two
of
the
Barneys
in
Vermont,
Mafra
boy
and
konoli,
and
she
went
and
gathered
up
the
information.
The
historical
information
relating
to
the
relief
works
in
those
two
Bolognese.
B
B
B
B
A
rule
was
to
be
called
each
morning
at
6am
on
a
quarter
of
a
days.
It
was
deducted
from
anyone
who
was
not
present
if
they
didn't
attend,
9
A.M,
half
a
DSP
was
deducted
anyone
who
attended
after
that
R
was
turned
away
from
the
day.
For
the
day.
A
role
was
then
called
at
6
pm.
To
make
sure
everybody
was
still.
A
C
B
The
end
of
the
day,
but
the
wages,
the
official
rate
varied,
but
it
was
about
six
pence
to
10
pence
per
day,
which
is
final
practice
as
long
as
food
prices
don't
rise
because
of
the
food
prices
are
rising,
then
that
amount
of
money
is
not
enough
to
feed
a
family.
It's
barely
enough
to
actually
feed
one
person.
B
B
B
B
So
you
do
have
to
wonder
about
this
whole
notion
of
you
know:
are
they
deliberate
agents?
Are
they
deliberately
making
this
as
hard
as
possible
on
people
very
I'm
feeling
unchristian?
You
would
almost
say,
but
then,
whenever
you
look
at
some
of
the
ratings
of
Charles
trevalian
you're,
not
you
don't
get
that
surprised
at
all,
but
this
is
this
is
the
mentality
that
you
have
in
certain
elements
within
the
British
government
at
the
time?
This
is
basically
the
Irish,
it's
their
own
fault.
This
is
God,
sending
them
a
lesson.
B
B
B
B
What
she's
done
is
she's
listed
them
as
they
were
in
the
presentations.
So
you
know,
M1
is
macro
boy
steam,
one
and
two
smarter
boy
scheme
2..
We
come
down
to
C6,
which
is
scheme
6.,
and
this
is
an
abundant
stretch
of
road
known
locally
in
the
Civil
parish,
as
well
as
the
line,
it
runs
for
1.38
Miles
through
five
Town
lands
from
drama
current
through
to
topper
rod
tobraden
through
to
drum
Kirk
upper
and
to
John
Boy.
B
B
B
So
we
think
that,
because
there's
this
money
was
forthcoming
in
March
and
May
at
a
time
whenever
has
become
an
obvious,
the
schemes
are
going
to
be
coming
to
an
end.
We
think
that
basically,
this
road
scheme
continued
right
through
to
the
end
of
this
the
whole
proof
since
19th
of
June
1847.,
when
all
of
the
public
networks
have
been
terminated
in
the
county,
so
the
overall
expenditure
on
C6
the
line
in
that
period
is
900
pounds.
A
B
It
what
do
you
do
is
to
go
on
to
one
of
those
currency,
ancient
historic
currency,
web
pages
I
think
they
they
British
labor
used
to
run
one
I'm
taking
900
pounds
and
what's
that
was
worth
in
1848,
I'm
sure,
there's
what
138
people
listen
here,
one
one
of
you
should
do.
One
of
these
could
not
met
on
there
sure.
B
Would
he
go
out
and
do
some
radar
lines
for
us
to
see
if
we
could
get
some
sort
of
insight
into
what
we
may
expect,
because
at
this
stage
not
giving
the
story
away,
we
are
looking
at
what
the
British
government
have
stipulated
as
what
these
rules
are
to
be
like,
and
we
know
900
pounds
compared.
So
some
compared
to
substantial
were
anticipated.
B
Alastair
comes
back
and
he
says:
there's
your
there's
your
results.
This
is
my
interpretation,
it's
all
clear,
some
Stone,
but
not
much,
and
we
thought
right:
okay,
where's
our
deck
going.
Where's
our
store
our
the
deck
for
the
root
go.
Surely
that
would
have
picked
up
this
GPS
this
GPR,
but
we
parked
donor
survey
is
identified
that
there
is
Clay
there
and
that
there's
some
rocks
and
we
then
hand
over
to
siobal
McDermott
who's
and
was
at
that
time
are
Geo
archaeologist.
B
She
would
have
done
a
lot
of
stuff
with
GIS
and
she
did
a
photographic
and
I
also
support
us
was
great
and
she
was
able
to
look
at
the
first
edition
map
of
the
1830s
and
she
was
able
to
take
letter.
Markers
would
show
them
up
and
drag
that
on
and
show
the
path
off
the
line
as
it
was
laid
out
in
the
1840s.
Whenever
the
field
work
has
been
done
during
relief,
Steam.
A
B
Note
here
is
Bull
Road,
because
Bull
Road
is
still
there
and
it's
still
used
today.
That
is
the
main
room.
We
can
only
assume
that
Beau
Road
is
fairly
hilly
up
down
up
down
over
the
Drummonds.
This
new
road,
this
Lower
Road
that
they
were
planning
in
1846,
was
to
be
a
more
direct
low
road.
That
would
have
really
good
drainage
ditches
and
they
would
need
it
for
this
area,
but
was
always
getting
flooded,
that
this
was
an
improvement
on
the
old
hilly
road.
B
And
there
is
your
second
edition
map
and
what's
interesting
is
the
the
maps
that
Gabby
did
for
rebelku.
You
can
actually
see
that,
even
though
the
road
was
not
finished,
they
marked
it
on
now
it's
been
that's
been
accentuated
by
Siobhan
with
the
dots,
but
they
had
marked
on
the
existence
of
the
road
in
the
1860
map.
B
B
B
B
So
the
next
thing
we
do
is
we
go
to
the
engage
research
fund,
which
is
great.
It's
a
great
it's
a
seed
fund
that
there's
in
Queens,
that
is
to
help
academic
style
go
out
and
have
when
we
use
the
term
engaged
research.
What
Queens
means
is
basically
going
out
and
work
with
the
public
working
with
people,
and
this
was
a
scheme
that
we
applied
for
and
we
got
the
funding
to
undertake
field
work.
One
week
of
field
work
down
at
the
lane.
B
So
we
now
have
got
the
permission
of
the
landowners.
We
have
got
the
excavation
license
where
funding
off
we
go,
and
you
can
see
here
drum
footage.
We
had
Ryan
Montgomery,
one
of
our
students
came
down
and
he
had
a
drill
and
it
was
fantastic
because
it
gave
really
good
views
that
you
know
you
wouldn't
20
years
ago.
This
would
be
Unthinkable
that
you'll
be
able
to
bring
get
aerial
views
of
your
excavation
you've.
B
Had
you
been
getting,
Cherry,
peckers
or
you'd
have
had
to
been
hiring
on
planes
or
it
would
have
been
a
an
absolute
nightmare
to
do
it
now
you
can
get
a
drone
and
your
drone
can
be
used
to
help
record
what
you're
doing-
and
you
can
see
here
the
two
circled
areas
on
the
landscape.
The
area
at
the
larger
red
circle
see
that's
the
surviving
section
of
the
lane,
that
is
in
the
field
belonging
to
the
McLaughlin's
and
then
the
smaller
rooms,
smaller
red
circle.
B
There's
also
another
small
section
offered
at
F
another
small
section
of
the
line
surveys
there
and
you
can
see
the
other
elements
of
the
the
story
at
a
you
have
both
Crossroads,
that's
the
Acres
Crossroads
that
we're
referred
to
and
they
presentation.
B
is
flush
bridge
and
at
B.
That's
the
point
where
Bull
Road
goes
running
on
from
One
Direction
and
then
the
anticipation
was
that
the
line
would
come
off
and
across
the
field.
B
No,
it
was
always
anticipated
that
this
would
be
a
community
excavation.
That's
what
we
do
over
the
last
eight
years,
we've
done,
25
Community
excavations
involving
the
local
public,
the
local
people
in
the
field
work
we're
very
conscious
of
that
and
that's
why
we
went
to
the
engaged
research
fund
because
we
knew
we
could
make
this
into
a
really
good
Community
project.
B
B
To
the
professional
archaeologists
that
we
had
were
Brian,
Sloan
and
Royal
boy,
and
here
you
can
see
the
two
of
them
recording
what
we
encounter.
There's
the
original
film
drawing
and
there
is
the
the
section
drawing
across
the
the
trench.
We
open
the
trench
right
the
way
across
the
road
16
meters
by
one
meter.
B
B
B
B
Its
extent
had
been
delineated
across
the
landscape.
900
pounds
have
been
clearly
expanded
by
the
time
the
the
field
work
had
ended
on
the
public
work
and
the
souling
enabling
Works
had
all
been
completed
and
ditches
have
been
dug
on
either
side
of
it.
But
the
road
was
never
finished.
It's
one
of
these
roads
that
just
died.
B
B
B
It
was
a
community
involvement,
Community
project.
The
community
was
involved
in
the
field
work,
but
we
also
thought
that
it
would
be
nice
to
have
an
inter-denominational
community
prayer
service
for
to
remember
all
the
people
who
had
worked
on
that
road
scheme
Catholic
and
Protestant,
because
the
famine
was
not
something
that
affected
just
Catholics
it
affected
Protestants
because
it
affected
people
who
were
poor.
B
B
B
We
also
have
TV
cameras
right
with
us
digging
for
Britain,
which
is
BBC
production.
They
came
out
and
they
filmed
and
the
the
the
you
can
get
it
on
a
player.
It's
season
nine
episode
six
broadcast
in
January
last
year,
and
we
were
actually
very
pleased
with
it.
We
were
worried
about
how
this
would
be.
B
We
were
also
very
impressed
by
Russian
Henderson,
one
of
the
journalists
and
the
pramana
herald,
who
was
hugely
supportive
of
what
we
did
and
one
of
the
things
that
we
liked.
This
was
a
quick
quote
from
Russian
that
she
put
into
her
article
asked
for
any
prospective
students
rather
still
in
school
or
thinking
of
returning
to
education.
Those
on
Satan
bull
last
week
were
a
better
advertisement,
lead
profession
than
any
University
prospectus,
I'm
very
happy
time.
That
was
a
very
nice
thing
for
her
to
write.
B
We
did
an
article
six-page
article
in
archeology,
Ireland
that
was
published
in
Winter.
2021
tells
a
story
of
what
we've
done.
We've
wrote
up
the
report,
there's
a
full
report,
a
data
structure
report
that's
been
submitted
to
the
historic
environment,
division
for
lodgement
and
the
other
thing
that
we
did.
We
received
an
invite
from
Dr
Jason
King,
the
academic
coordinator
of
the
Irish
Heritage
Trust,
to
participate
in
the
making
of
their
mobbing
found.
Loops
video
and
we
discussed
alien
myself
discussed
the
work
of
both
in
September
20..
B
It
was
followed
in
August
2022
and
then
it
was
put
online
on
in
September
2022
end
of
September,
but
probably
I.
Think
probably
the
most
significant
thing
that
we
did.
We
got
historic
environment
division,
BSC
inspectors
to
include
the
road
as
a
site
and
Monument.
It
is
no
a
on
the
Northern
Ireland
sites
and
monuments
record.
It
has
got
its
own
number
and
it
is
the
first
common
room
to
be
given
that
designation.
B
B
It
was
one
of
the
probably
one
of
the
best
excavations
I
was
ever
on.
We
had
the
the
local
community,
the
landowners
we
had
local
historians,
the
lakes
of
Margaret
Gallagher
me
and
McLaughlin.
We
had
all
our
Chums
from
Queens.
We
had
our
volunteers,
we
had
the
service
been
led
by
the
the
sister
Adele
Anderson
Reverend
Sampson
Andrew
Houston,
the
the
police
Constable
came
out
from
the
neighborhood
policing
team
in
enniskillen,
looked
after
all
the
traffic
for
the
the
open
evening
and
rusheen
Henderson,
who
really
did
give
us
great
coverage
in
the
banana
Herald.
A
A
B
A
Actually,
no
I
put
in
the
same
figure
for
18.50
yeah
and
it
equates
to
nearly
72
000..
So
obviously,
there
was
very
high
inflation
over
that
10-year
period.
So
that
was
just
interesting
to
answer.
My
query
earlier
and
I
know
we'll
have
a
few
comments
and
questions
coming
in,
but
I
just
wanted
to
ask
in
relation
to
why
there
was
a
lot
of
subdivision
by
the
Cartiers.
A
A
B
C
B
B
That's
my
understand
of
what,
where
we're
at
what's
Europe
has
grown
at
this
time
as
well.
So
it's
not
just
Maryland.
That's
got
a
great
apartment.
What
is
interesting
is
whenever
you
actually
look.
England
and
Ireland
did
exactly
the
same.
Well,
not
exactly
the
same,
but
they
had
erupted
the
same
population
size
in
the
1840s
8
million,
and
you
look
at
what
happens
to
Ireland
and
you
look
at
what
I'm
saying
and
how
England's
population
increases.
A
B
A
B
A
B
Individually
had
to
be
that
this
was
something
that
would
be
for
the
public
good.
What
unit
build
roads?
Let's
do
roads
ask
for
the
public
good,
even
though
you've
got
a
pretty
good
road
and
you
can
see
that,
especially
whenever
it
always
amazed
me
what
you
know:
Gabby's
work
and
and
Bell
Coupe
that
Mark
I
showed.
If
you
look
at
it,
it's
got
a
wonderful
Road,
Network
and
yet
they're
building
rooms
in
the
middle
of
nowhere
and
the
roots
are
never
finished,
but
it's
clear.
B
A
It's
crazy
stuff,
you
mentioned
and
again
in
the
like,
you
mentioned
even
the
basics.
The
working
conditions
from
6
a.m
in
the
morning
to
6
p.m:
crazy
hours
for
people
who
are
starved
as
it
was,
and
everything
in
the
middle
of
winter,
with
no
adequate
clothing
or
nothing
ever
barefooted
in
every
Con.
In
every
context,
when,
when
we
look
at
it
from
our
modern
day
eyes
of
expectations,
you
know
it's
crazy
stuff.
A
A
B
I
think,
probably
if
you
can
get
hold
of
it
on
earthing,
hidden
iron
Chuck's
book
on
the
work
that
he
did
in
Roscommon
I
think
that's
the
best
note
it's
academic.
It's
not!
You
know
it's
not
General
reader
as
an
academic
book,
but
it
is
a
very
good
introduction
to
what
he
did
in
Roscommon
in
general.
C
C
Sometimes
you
just
sit
back
and
handle
a
document
and
think
you're,
maybe
the
first
person
in
200
years,
who's
laid
hands
on
this
ladder,
and
you
know
you
think
about
the
person
who
ruled
it
in
the
conditions
were
right
now,
whether
it's
something
from
the
1700s,
the
1800s,
even
the
1916
period.
It's
remember:
Hampden
Park
Pierce's
last
letter
because
executed
over
in
the
English
national
archives
in
queue
and
I
had
to
win
the
special
room
and
somebody
was
supervise.
We
had
to
wear
white
gloves
and
it
gives
you
tingles
down
there
down
your
back.
C
There's
no
two
ways
about
it.
The
first
thing
the
statistics
for
children
down
in
the
work
poses
I,
think
Kenny,
one
about
two-thirds
or
so
for
under
six
years,
six
years
of
age
and
that
that
would
fit
in
with
certainly
What
I've
Done
seems
to
be
right
across
the
country
in
Lisbon.
I've
done
statistical
analysis
on
that
Lurgan
Irma,
and
very
much
the
case
that
the
majority
of
this
for
those
well
in
the
workhouse
they
usually
had
the
the
Water
Gardens
many
books.
C
It
was
under
five
or
under
two,
but
certainly
it
would
be
in
around
two-thirds
in
terms
of
the
the
public
works.
I
mean
that
was
that
caused
huge
controversy.
I
made
a
reference
to
it.
There
are
public
school
and
one
of
the
talks
to
give
and
that
they
were.
They
were
vested
interests
because
the
public,
the
roads
were
seen
as
the
easy
option.
C
I
think
it
was
in
Park
Hill.
There
were
so
many
people
in
it
because
you
had
landlords
using
they
had
various
interests
buying
for
the
money
that
was
going
to
be
requested
to
either
go
towards
roads
or
go
towards
reproductive
drainage
works,
but
I
thought
it
was
when
I
was
doing
my
thesis
on
on
the
great
hunger
and
County
RMR,
you
often
came
across
reference
to
it
being
the
coldest
winter
in
years
and
I
thought
it
would
be
interesting
to
actually
put
some
meat
on
those
bones.
C
That
statement
you
know
so
obviously
I
found
that
the
Arma
Observatory
has
daily
weather
records
from
the
1700s
and
I'll
just
read
here.
If
you
don't
mind,
it's
just
a
paragraph,
just
basically,
as
I
said,
put
meat
on
these
bones.
This
is
from
my
unpublished,
thesis
on
the
the
great
hunger
and
RMR
probably
never
be
published,
but
in
the
middle
of
December
1846,
the
kitty
Relief
Committee,
reported
greater
distress
since
the
severe
weather
setting.
C
But
some
days
later,
the
Tainan
and
Middletown
committee
lamented
how
their
institution
is
greatly
aggravated,
since
the
winter
set
in
was
such
severity.
Indeed,
from
November
to
April,
daily
temperatures
fell
below
freezing
on
42
occasions,
including
15
days
in
December,
1846
and
14
in
February.
1847.
further
analysis
illustrates
there
were
a
series
of
cool
snaps
during
which
the
temperature
remained
below
freezing
for
a
number
of
days
in
succession.
C
The
difficulty
was
exacerbated
by
regular
snowfalls
throughout
this
period,
beginning
with
one
day
of
November,
there
occurred
a
further
two
days
fall
in
December,
January
and
March
right
on
February.
There
were
three
separate
snowballs.
In
addition,
the
Irma
observery
reported
ice
all
over
the
roof.
On
the
29th
of
January,
well,
on
the
first
of
April,
there
were
a
series
of
heel
showers.
Throughout
the
day,
the
difficulties
resulting
from
such
conditions
were
acknowledged
by
one
of
the
government's
relief
officials
who
commented
on
the
9th
of
February.
C
We
have
had
a
heavy
fall
of
snow,
which
will
cause
much
suffering.
Winter
also
witnessed
a
number
of
severe
Gales
which
further
impended
on
those
employed
on
the
Public
Works.
Thus,
from
October
to
March,
there
were
32
recorded
Gales,
the
largest
monthly
figures
being
11
in
November,
the
further
8th
in
October
and
January.
In
the
midst
of
such
conditions,
Reverend.
C
That
many
on
such
Works
were
severely
injured
by
cold
and
wonder
sufficient
food
revealed
the
inevitable
consequences
for
the
population
of
New
China,
many
of
the
laborers
and
many
small
farmers
upon
all
their
clothes
and
been
obliged
to
work
on
the
roads
in
this
inclement
weather,
the
scanty
covering
their
health
and
strength
or
feeling
fast
and
I.
Think
what
you
said.
Carl
was
very
interesting.
That
was
the
only
dig
that
you'd
never
find
anything
because
the
people
are
absolutely
not
then,
and
the
pawn
shop
returns
for
the
time.
C
There's
a
huge
increase
in
the
number
of
items
being
lodged
in
the
pawn
shops
in
1847
and
48,
but
the
value
is
very,
very
small
compared
to
what
would
have
been
in
1844
45.
They
pawned
everything,
and
you
know
the
line
was
used
by
clergymen.
You
know
families
upon
absolutely
everything,
including
the
family
bible,
so
perhaps
a
new
surprise.
C
There
was
nothing
to
be
founder
because
the
people
can't
absolutely
not
but
I
think
I
think
that
information
from
the
Arma
Observatory,
actually,
you
know,
adds
to
what
you're
doing
there
that
you
know
when
you're,
starting
watching
that
the
people
were
working
in
minus
temperatures,
for
you
know
throughout
October
to
April,
and
it
was
a
long
winter.
It
lasted
until
early
April.
When
you
had
snow
and
ice.
A
B
The
half
the
population
of
Ireland
is
eight
million
half
the
population
is
okay,
probably
with
no
bear
from
those
researchers,
historical
research
than
me,
but
from
my
reading
of
the
situation,
it
tends
to
be
the
the
lowest
the
courtier
costs
you
take,
the
Hummer
people
who
can
get
out
get
out
sometimes
get
out
and
they
immigrate.
But
it's
the
hot
ears
are
the
ones
that
can't
get
out
and
they're
the
ones
that
are
in
object,
poverty
and
they're,
the
ones
that
I
end
up
in
the
workhouse
getting
typhus.
C
B
C
But
it's
actually
almost
said
it's
interesting
to
say
about
Sailors,
because
that
was
remarked
upon
and
actually
they
said
there
was
no
barking
of
dogs,
which
is
which
is,
you
know,
says
an
awful
lot
as
well.
People
have
actually
resorted
to
eat
dogs,
yes
with
the
cardio
population.
Of
course,
there
would
have
been
the
irish-speaking
population
so
with
their
demise,
the
Irish
language
they
indeed
as
well.
You
know
it
was
basically
wiped
out.
C
National
system
of
Education
have
been
introduced
by
the
British
government,
the
1831,
which
stipulated
that
all
education
was
to
be
through
the
means
of
English
through
the
medium
of
English,
and
that
Irish
was
not
to
be
taught.
So
there
was
a
generation
had
merged
by
1846,
which
hadn't
been
hadn't
spoken
Irish,
but
the
irish-beacon
population,
people
in
their
30s,
40s,
50s
and
older.
They
were
wiped
out
by
the
time.
A
A
A
C
A
C
And
it's
wrong:
I,
just
I!
Certainly
I
didn't
come
across
that
in
the
Contemporary
happens
of
roads
that
were
built
a
lot
of
also
as
well
as
rooms
being
built.
There
was
a
lot
of
filling
and
Apollos
on
lower
and
of
hills
and
Carl
had
made
mentioned
that
that
the
Bull
Road
may
have
been
up
and
down
very
early.
C
C
A
I
think
this
is
something
a
lot
of
us
probably
have
thought
of
I've
thought
about
on
numerous
occasions.
But
if
the
potato
crop
in
the
40s
the
1840s
hadn't
failed,
what
do
you
think
would
have
happened
in
Ireland
because
certainly
population
size
for
the
the
size
of
the
country
and
all,
but
in
seeing
that
I
suppose
if
we're
going
into
the
unknown
there,
there's
still,
you
know
there
could
have
been
a
health
epidemic
at
some
stage
or
something
which
you
also
would
have
could
have
annihilated
a
lot
of
the
population.
We
just
really
don't
know.
A
B
B
B
B
B
You
would
have
needed
to
have
some
form
of
industrialization
or
you
would
have
needed
to
have
some
sort
of
organized
emigration
to
places
like
Australia.
There
would
have
had
to
have
been
something
because
whenever
the
famine,
you
know
lefts
Irish
Society
changes,
it
becomes
Grimmer,
but
you
have
all
of
these.
Small
farms
are
being
done
away
with
me
of
the
great
the
squaring.
B
What's
called
all
these
small
Holdings
have
been
put
together
into
farms
and
the
houses
change,
and
you
know,
we've
got
this
view
of
our
traditional
Cottages
as
being
sort
of
the
entertainment
Memorial.
These
are
the
houses
of
the
Irish
they're,
not
they're.
Actually
there
was
a
lot
of
those
houses
and
some
Cottages
that
we
have
the
patch
Cottages.
They
actually
belong
after
the
family
and
it's
sort
of
you,
you
get
I.
B
A
B
C
Think
is
interesting.
It
perhaps
in
terms
of
the
political
consequences.
You
know
if
you
had
the
same
population,
if
you
look
at
what
was
happening
in
within
in
relation
to
Voting
Rights
Voting
Rights
were
being
extended,
1852
that
were
Wade,
and
so
he
had
more
of
the
population
being
brought
into
the
the
Wilton
sphere.
C
So
if
they,
if
there
hadn't
been
to
the
client
of
1840s,
you
may
well
have
seen
a
push
for
home
Rune
way
before
it
actually
happened.
You
know
which
is
again.
It's
like
well
I'm,
just
thinking
off
the
top
of
my
head.
I've
done
done
work
on
this,
but
the
extension
of
the
ground
shade,
which
saw
the
first
one.
We
liked
that
I
first,
who
attempt
at
home
we
were
in
1886
May
well
have
happened
earlier
47.,
it's
counter
factual,
mystery.
C
It's
you
know
what
would
have
happened
if
we
well,
you
know.
All
you
can
do
is
to
amaze,
and
then
people
criticize
you
right
or
something,
but
if
you're
trying
to
base
it
on
what
you
maybe
studied
or
read,
or
you
know
so
it
is
difficult,
but
certainly
politically
it's
a
bit
like
you
know
something
I'm
interested
in
would
be.
C
The
reckons
of
the
1785-86
period
were
Catholics
from
down
armaan
south
Dairy
were
driven
West
and
recently
archaeological
research
showed
one
of
their
campsites
in
Galway
and
where
they
camped
in
1786,
and
that
was
thousands
and
thousands
people,
maybe
10
15
000
of
the
largest
migrations
Inland
in
Ireland,
and
you
know
again
counterfactual
history.
If
they
hadn't
moved,
then
would
partition
have
happened
130
years
later,
because
the
population
of
the
Nationalist
as
it
became
in
that
area,
those
areas
would
have
been
much
greater.
C
So
you
know
it
sings
you
can
sort
of
surmise
but
you're,
basing
it
on
on
what
you've
read
and
studied.
You
know
so
I
think
if
you
hadn't
had
that,
and
you
know
it's
worth
remembering
that
in
1879
what
was
referred
to
as
ungort,
the
bug
actually
happened,
the
smaller
famine-
and
that
was
very
intense,
especially
in
the
west,
from
Donegal
right
through
areas
like
lips,
Etc
bar
in
the
west,
but
without
the
1879
salmon
very,
very
harsh,
and
it
was
also
great
poverty,
especially
in
the
west
and
south
of
monster,
and
obviously
done.
C
A
Column
your
work
you've
been
involved
in
has
similar
work
been
carried
out
in
other
countries.
Someone
for
here
actually
listening
is
interested
in
a
relation
to
County,
Kerry
and
I
know
some
I've
come
across
Snippets
of
mentioning
of
work
elsewhere,
but
are
there
any
particular
projects
that
have
happened.
B
As
far
as
I'm
aware,
our
s
is
the
first
on
only
okay,
architectural
excavation
on
apartment,
Road.
Okay,
that's
not
to
say
that
there
are
people
who
are
studying
the
farming
roads
elsewhere
in
our
in
Ireland
and
that
video
that
we
we
took
part
in
at
reports
from
across
the
island.
People
who've
been
working
on
the
farming
roads
and
build
not
the
stories
of
those
found
hooks
in
those
areas
from
coricity,
kindy
Claire,
but
we're
the
only
ones
where
there's
actually
been
an
excavation.
A
C
Well,
actually,
I
haven't
got
that
figure,
but
yes,
I
mean
you
would
have
an
overall
figure
of
the
the
amount
that
would
have
been
presented
through
the
event
at
the
extraordinary
presentment
sanctions.
So
yes,
that
figure
will
exist
and
that
would
be
in
British
parliamentary
papers.
As
column
said,
victorians
were
amazing,
with
the
amount
of
detail
they
produced
and
volumes
and
I
mean
I
think
it
was
Southampton
University
a
digitized,
a
huge
amount
of
what
were
called
the
blue
books,
the
British
parliamentary
papers
on
amazing
range
of
subjects.
C
So,
yes,
you
would
have
an
overall
figure
for
that,
and
actually,
when
you
look
at
the
British
papers
in
London,
for
example,
and
they've
got,
you
know,
taxation
records
on
the
various
heads
there
there's
a
huge
amount
of
information
there
on
the
efforts
to
you
know
bring
in
food
from
from
America
and
elsewhere,
and
they
just
there's
copious
amounts
of
evidence
there.
So,
yes,
undoubtedly
there
would
be
it
would
be.
It
would
be
figures
by
probably
they
were
able
to
buy
County
by
Barony
yeah.
B
B
But
then
you
had
like
people,
the
clerks
who
were
responsible
for
making
sure
that
the
the
rule
book
was
capped
and
who
was
there
and
he
was
getting
what
and
paying
out
the
money
and
you
had
the
gainers,
the
guys
who
actually
were
responsible
for
overseeing
the
work
and
making
sure
that
the
work
actually
got
done.
So
you
had
a
hierarchy.
Where
did
they
come
from?
Well
Smith,
as
I
said
it's
a
strange.
B
The
way
he
describes
himself
is
about
weird
I,
think
he's
Angry
Irish
I,
don't
he
might
be
English,
but
he
says
his
parents
are
are
English,
but
he's
Birth
by
birth
Irish
certainly
comes
across
to
iron
to
help
out,
but
some
of
the
you
know
it
would
be
local
people.
That
would
be
the
guys
who
were
employed
prior
to
the
the
farmer,
such
as
the
County
Surveyor.
Well,
they
may
have
come
from
England.
They
may
have
come
from
Scotland.
They
may
be
from
that
particular
area
and
Ireland
that
may
have
come
from
Dublin.
C
A
Okay,
that's
great
thank
you,
and
actually
someone
actually
has
sent
a
link,
put
a
link
in
here
in
the
chat
to
those
as
well.
And
maybe
the
final
question
is
this,
but
this
is
there
any
location
where
we
might
be
able
to
find
the
names
of
those
that
were
on
that
were
in
the
workhouses?
That
will
be
a
case,
but
ksbs
is
a
coordinate,
workhouse
wouldn't
a
church.
It's.
C
130
workhouses
in
1845
of
those
130
17
still
have
the
admission
registers
of
those
17.
12
are
an
All-Star,
so
I
mean
the
original
admission.
No,
there
there
are.
There
may
be
some
gaps,
but
generally
there's
a
run
from
when
the
first
opened
1841-2
right
through
and
you
get
the
as
it
did
followed
the
names
earlier.
The
WIC
name,
gender
age,
occupation,
condition
when
they
enter
the
workhouse
who
they
came
in
with
when
they
arrived
when
they
left.
A
I
think,
thank
you.
Thank
you
both
very
much.
That
was
a
fantastic
talk
tonight
column
the
feedback's
been
wonderful.
People
have
really
enjoyed
it
and
it's
been
very
informative.
They've
exposed
to
help
there
was
no
pressure
running
into
another
truck.
You
know
so
I
was
able
to
flow
nicely
too,
and
thank
you
greatly.
I
just
want
to
mention
to
everyone
that
next
week
for
week,
five
or
ever
lecture
series,
our
guest
speakers
are
Professor
Mark
McGowan
from
the
University
of
Toronto.
A
His
topic
will
be
famine,
migration
to
British,
North
America
and
will
also
be
then
Dr
Damian,
Shields
research,
fellow
at
northumbria
University.
His
title
will
be
voices
from
the
American
Civil
War,
the
stories
of
Irish
farm
and
era,
immigrants
and
the
conflict
that
changed
their
lives.
So
hopefully
everyone
can
join
us
again
next
week,
I
appreciate
you
all
joining
us
and
again
column
Jared.
Thank
you
both
very
much
for
contributing.