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Description
Voices from the American Civil War: The stories of Ireland famine-era emigrants and the conflict that changed their lives I Thursday 16 February I Dr. Damian Shiels, Research Fellow at Northumbria University
An historian and author, Damian’s publications include The Forgotten Irish: Irish Emigrant Experiences in America (2017) and, The Irish in the American Civil War (2012). He has dedicated his time to telling the story of the Irish in the American Civil War and established his award-winning website www.irishamericancivilwar.com in 2010, which has grown into one of the longest running and most extensive history blogs in Ireland.
A
A
Irish
American
Civil
war.com,
created
in
2010,
which
has
grown
into
one
of
the
longest
running
and
most
extensive
history
blogs
in
Ireland
Damien's
talk
this
evening
is
voice
from
the
American
Civil
War,
the
stories
of
Ireland
famine
era,
immigrants
and
the
conflict
that
changed
their
lives.
Welcome
Damien.
Thank
you
very
much
for
joining
us
this
evening,
you're
more
than
welcome
to
just
to
commence
your
talk
when
you're
ready
thanks.
B
A
billion
Dolores
and
thanks
for
the
invite
and
yeah
it's
a
nice,
it's
a
nice
setup.
It
was
great
to
listen
to
Mark
chat,
no
idea
about
the
the
famine
in
Canada,
and
some
of
our
guys
know
that
we'll
be
talking
about
I'm,
sure,
probably
came
down
by
via
that
route,
but
just
to
give
everyone
I
always
set
myself
a
pretty
challenging
schedule
when
I'm
giving
talks,
I,
always
kind
of
plan
the
music
to
talk
so
going
on
for
about
seven
days,
but
I
won't
keep
it
that
long.
B
What
I
and
I
consistently
say
this
thing
is
the
greatest
record
that
exists
anywhere
in
the
world
relating
to
the
social
lives
of
ordinary
19th
century
people,
and
so
we're
going
to
be
going
through
a
very
brief
outline
of
the
conflict
and
Irish
participation
in
it
before
we
move
into
hearing
them
largely
in
their
own
words.
That's
that's!
B
What
I'm
going
to
do
largely
from
from
the
area
that
we're
talking
about
I've
tried
to
select
people
from
around
kind
of
our
map
and
Bridge
craigavon
area
generally,
some
of
what
we're
going
to
hear
tonight
has
never
been
read
out
before
some
of
it.
I
only
transcribed
for
the
first
time
in
the
last
day
or
two
there's
just
so
much
of
this
information
out
there,
but
just
to
start
off
the
American
Civil
War
is
generally
what
I
call
Ireland's
forgotten.
B
Great,
War
and
I
usually
call
it
that,
because
we
see
in
in
the
context
of
the
Ireland
island
of
Ireland,
the
type
of
work
and
effort
that
goes
into
the
first
world
war
and
examining
it,
and
we
don't
tend
to
look
so
much
towards
our
immigrants
of
not
dissimilar
period.
There's
less
than
50
years.
Between
the
two
conflicts,
we
don't
tend
to
tie
Irish
participation
in
conflicts
like
the
American
Civil
War.
Two
events
like
the
Greg
famine,
but
most
of
those
involved
in
this
were
either
in
Ireland
during
the
great
family
left.
B
As
a
result
of
it
are
new
people
in
Ireland
who
were
here
while
it
was
underway.
But
the
reason
it's
the
Forgotten
Great
War
is
purely
because
of
its
scale.
So
by
the
time
the
American
Civil
War
broke
out
in
1861
and
as
I'm
sure
many
of
you
are
aware,
it
was
a
conflict
that
was
fought
over
slavery.
It
was
an
attempt
by
the
southern
states
to
secede
from
the
United
States.
B
They
formed
A
Confederacy
in
1861,
leading
to
a
four-year
war
that
resulted
in
about
three
quarters
of
a
million
deaths.
But
when
the
war
broke
out,
there
were
1.6
million
irish-born
people
who
were
living
in
the
United
States,
and
these
were
people
who
had
not
entirely
as
Mark
was
mentioning.
There
was
significant
pre-fam
and
migration,
two
places
like
the
United
States
and
the
Canada,
but
large
numbers
of
them
had
come
in
as
a
as
a
result
of
the
famine
and
in
the
1850s,
and
so
1.6
million
of
these
people
were
living
in
the
US.
B
It
was
the
most
Irish
city
in
the
world,
and
this
is
not
including
the
children
of
Irish
immigrants,
Irish
immigrants
to
Britain,
Irish
immigrants
to
Canada,
or
indeed
Irish
immigrants
to
America
their
children
because
of
the
period
we're
talking
about,
tended
to
quite
ethnically
associate
with
irishness,
and
there
was
a
lot
of
prejudice
in
places
like
the
United
States
against
the
Irish,
and
so
they
tended
to
be
quite
tight-knit
ethnic
communities.
So,
even
with
these
figures,
we're
not
getting
the
real
numbers
of
Irish
in
places
like
New,
York
City.
B
What
it
meant
was
that
in
and
around
200
000
people
who've
been
born
in
the
island
of
Ireland,
served
in
the
American
Civil
War,
so
very,
very
large
numbers,
and
only
the
first
world
war
compares
to
it
in
Modern,
Irish
history.
In
terms
of
that
scale,
just
in
terms
of
of
kind
of
headline
figures,
Irish
were
the
highest
numbers
in
terms
of
the
immigrants
who
became
Generals
in
the
conflict.
There
were
18
of
them,
another
term
private
Jenner,
which
I
won't
get
into
the
Irish.
B
So
in
and
around
20,
were
Irish
born
and
probably
30
35
were
what
I
would
term
irish-american
so
either
irish-born
are
the
children
of
Irish
immigrants,
because
the
records
wouldn't
be
as
good
as
Conflict,
for
example,
like
first
the
first
world
war,
we'll
never
know
precisely
how
many
people
came
from
each
specific
County
in
Ireland,
for
example,
many
people,
it
just
said
they
were
from
Ireland,
we'll,
never
know
precisely
how
many
of
them
died.
But
we
can
look
at
things
like
what
we
know.
B
The
rates
of
U.S
and
Confederate
debts
were
to
say
that,
probably
in
and
around
25
to
35
000
irish-born
men
died
in
in
the
conflict
and
for
most
Irish.
For
many
Irish
counties
and
for
all
of
the
counties
that
saw
Mass
immigration
during
the
famine,
the
American
Civil
War
is
the
largest
conflict
in
modern
history.
It
would
have
seen
significantly
more
people
from
massive
counties
with
mass
immigration.
B
The
1850s
significantly
more
people
would
have
served
in
the
American,
Civil
War
then
say
the
first
world
war,
for
example
all
right,
but
the
conflict
is
the
conflict
is
one
of
North
versus
South.
But
it's
not
it's
not
a
it's,
not
a
conflict
of
equals
in
terms
of
the
Irish
participation,
because
Irish
participation
is
overwhelmingly
overwhelmingly
in
the
forces
of
the
United
States
with
the
Union
and
one
of
the
most
simple
reasons
for
that
is
that
of
that
1.6
million
people.
I
was
telling
you
about.
B
1.5
million
of
them
lived
in
states
that
remained
loyal
to
the
US
and
so
up
to
200
000
Irish
born
180
000
of
them
fought
for
the
US.
So
we're
talking
about
nine
times
as
many
men
are
fighting
for
the
U.S.
As
for
the
Confederate
forces,
we
can
also
estimate
that
in
and
around
70
000
children
of
Irish
immigrants.
So
again,
these
are
people
born
in
England,
Canada
or
the
us,
the
Irish
immigrant
parents.
These
step
migrant
parents
also
fought
in
those
units.
B
So
you
have
a
total
figure
of
Union
Irish
services
in
around
a
quarter
million
Irish
Americans
all
right.
So
that's
really
really
huge
numbers
and
again
because
of
what
what
we're
trying
to
go
through
here
with
letters
and
things
I'm
not
going
to
dwell
too
much
on
this.
We
can
return
to
it
later,
but
there
were
two
brigades,
the
largest
formations.
B
A
lot
of
regiments
in
the
union
were
ethnic,
Irish
regiments,
but
most
Irishmen
didn't
serve
in
regiments
that
went
to
war
as
Irish
regiments.
They
served
throughout
Urban
regiments,
largely
in
the
north
and
particularly
from
New
York
New
York
was
Far
and
Away
the
largest
Irish
populace
and
saw
the
largest
number
of
Irish
people,
sir,
who
served
from
there.
It
was
followed
by
Pennsylvania,
largely
because
of
Philadelphia
and
then
Illinois
and
Massachusetts
were
next
on
that
list
just
to
touch
on
the
Confederate
Irish.
B
B
What
I
would
call
ethnic
regiment,
the
10th
Tennessee,
but
lots
of
smaller
units
of
about
60-day
demanded
identified
as
Irish
six
Confederate
channels
where
I
was
born,
including
the
highest
ranking
Irishman,
the
entire
War,
this
guy
Major
General
Patrick
Ronan
Claiborne
from
County
Cork,
who
was
killed
at
the
Battle
of
Franklin
in
1864,
and
this
is
a
very
famous
photograph
here
of
a
horse
killed
at
the
Battle
of
Antietam.
This
horse
is
actually
dead,
even
though
it
doesn't
look
like
it's.
B
A
contemporary
visitors
to
the
site
commented
on
its
lifelike
appearance,
but
it
had
been
written
into
battle
by
by
an
Irish
Confederate
Colonel
called
Henry
strong,
who
also
lost
his
life.
While
he
was
writing
that
horse
and
Louisiana
had
the
highest
contingent
of
Confederate
Irish,
because
New
Orleans
was
the
biggest
city
in
the
Confederacy,
and
the
Irish
who
were
rural
in
Ireland
were
largely
Urban
when
they
went
to
the
to
America
foreign.
B
So
that's
kind
of
where
we
are
with
the
American
Civil
War
and
in
in
terms
of
this
talk,
I
work
on
a
very
specific
form
of
records
from
the
war
that
I
was
mentioning
and
they
are
the
Widow's
independent
pension
files
of
these
Irish
immigrants
and,
as
I
say,
contained
within
the
mar.
What,
in
my
view,
are
the
greatest
direct
insight
into
the
lives
of
19th
century
Irish?
B
People
that
exist
anywhere
and
largely
these
are
pensions
that
are
given
out
by
the
United
States
who,
as
it
says,
the
widows
are
the
parents
or
the
dependent
children
of
men
who
died
during
or
subsequently
as
a
result
of
the
American
Civil
War
and
millions
of
these.
Incredibly
extensive
files
are
sitting
within
the
National
Archives
and
just
out
from
the
White
House
in
Washington
DC
in
and
around
160
5.
B
000
of
them
have
been
digitized
and
I
spend
most
of
my
time,
working
on
them
and
they're
so
rich,
because
Irish
people
had
to
prove
their
entitlement,
they
had
to
prove
their
association
with
soldiers
and
they
had
to
improve
that.
They
were
who
they
said.
They
were
in
order
to
get
an
American
pension
because
of
the
service.
So
they
have
things
like
affidavits
that
give
pensioners
who
are
often
illiterate
and
couldn't
write.
Sometimes
it
tells
us
their
their
story,
their
life
story,
both
in
Ireland
and
the
United
States.
B
In
the
first
person,
it
gives
us
their
friends
their
family,
their
acquaintances,
employers,
Physicians,
comrades
of
the
soldiers,
are
all
providing
and
adding
color
to
the
story
of
this
person's
connection
to
the
serving
man
it
can
have
lots
of
different
things.
One
one
item
I
was
recently
discussing,
for
example,
is
the
the
censuses
that
no
longer
exist
for
much
of
Ireland.
B
From
years
like
1841,
you
get
census
extracts
from
those
periods
in
the
American
pension
files
drawn
directly
from
Ireland
marriage
certificates
from
Ireland
in
the
mid
19th
century
pre-famine
during
the
famine
pulse,
famine
investigations,
Irish
people
weren't
among
the
most
trusted
in
the
United
States
in
the
mid
19th
century,
and
so
often
women
would
be
investigated
to
see
if
they
were
fraudulently
fraudulently
claiming
a
pension
at
which
point
the
American
Administration
went
into
overdrive,
interviewing
everyone.
It
seems
who
ever
met
them
in
their
entire
lives
and
recording
absolutely
immense
detail.
B
B
And
so
that's
what
we're
going
to
to
spend
the
rest
of
our
time.
Looking
at
is
a
few
of
these
people
from
in
and
around
this
area,
and
we
start
off
just
with
Barnard
Curry
from
County
Arma.
This
is
a
relief
ticket.
This
is
a
ticket
that
he
was
entitled
to
get
for
his
family
when
he
enlisted
in
corcoran's
Irish
Legion
that
allowed
his
mother
and
sister
to
claim
pay.
While
he
was
away
in
the
Army.
B
B
B
But
this
is
what
this
ordinary
armor
immigrant
is
writing
to
his
mother.
In
August
of
that
year,
Dear
Mother
I
now
sit
down
to
answer
your
welcome
letter
of
the
sixth,
which
gives
me
great
pleasure
to
hear
that
you
were
well
the
paymaster
come
to
us
last
night
and
pay
this
off
so
I'm.
Sending
you
forty
dollars
with
this
letter
I'm.
Sending
the
play
expressed
way
we
have
to
do
is
to
give
the
money
to
the
priest
and
he'll
send
it
for
us.
B
B
This
morning
there
was
great
candidating
until
after
daylight,
we
have
to
get
up
every
morning
at
four
o'clock
and
stand
in
line
of
battle
until
daylight,
and
then
we're
dismissed
and
gets
our
breakfast.
We
had
the
pleasure
of
seeing
General
Mar
here
yesterday,
so
this
is
the
man
who
had
commanded
the
Irish
Brigade.
He
called
all
the
officers
into
our
regimental
headquarters
and
I
suppose
they
did
not
come
out
with
dry
lips
into
jealousy
here
at
the
alcohol
consumption
that
his
officers
were
allowed
to
indulge
in.
B
He
was
dressed
in
his
full
uniform
as
a
brigadier
general,
but
here
he
only
came
up
on
a
visit.
I
have
nothing
to
say
more
than
before.
Everything
is
the
same.
We
can't
tell
when
we'll
be
called
on
as
soon
as
you
get
this
letter
write
and
let
me
know,
did
you
get
the
money?
I
can't
send
the
money
till
tomorrow
and
one
thing
I
I'll
say
about
these:
is
you
can
often
hear
the
accent
of
men
in
the
way
these
words
have
risen?
So
Tamara
is
written
here,
t-o-m-o-r-r-a
so
pronounced
with
an
Irish
accent.
B
I
can't
send
the
money
till
tomorrow
and
the
letter
will
get
will
go
this
evening.
So
I
expect
you
will
have
this
letter
before
the
money.
Let
me
know
is
Johnny
McNally
home.
Yet
the
reason
why
I
did
not
write
to
my
cousin
is
I
lost
the
directions,
so
I
could
not
write
directors
before
no
more
a
present
for
mere
affectionate
son,
Bernard
Curry.
B
So
that
gives
you
an
example
there
of
a
full
letter
of
a
man
who,
probably
at
most,
was
partially
literate,
who
is
describing
to
his
mother,
and
most
of
these
letters
start
the
same
way.
It
begins
with
them
remitting
money
to
them,
and
that
is
the
number
one
thing
that
is
consistent
in
these
letters
is
trying
to
give
money
back
to
parents
and
family.
B
They
could
be
in
the
United
States,
as
in
this
case,
where
they've
all
immigrated
or
they
could
be
back
in
County
Arma,
because
there
was
an
expectation
on
these
immigrants
that
they
supported
those
who
weren't
lucky
enough
to
emigrate.
In
this
period,
those
who
emigrated
were
viewed
in
the
1850s
in
Ireland
as
the
fortunate
ones.
Those
who
stayed
were
the
unfortunate
ones
in
the
relationship,
it's
quite
clear
from
their
correspondence
that
that's
how
it
was
viewed.
A
Sorry
drum
dropped
can
I.
Ask
you
a
question
in
this
case.
Bernard
is
sending
forty
dollars
to
his
mother.
Now
I
know
she
was
in
the
States,
but
let's
say
could
have
you
can
any
knowledge
of?
Let's
say
if
somebody
was
sending
ten
dollars
back
to
Ireland
at
the
time.
What
would
that
degree
to
today?
Do
you
know.
B
B
You
could
expect
to
get
a
bit
more
than
that
if
you
were
working
in
a
kind
of
a
laboring
consistently
working
in
a
kind
of
a
low
level
level,
skill
profession,
maybe
20
30
40
kind
of
way
a
month,
so
so
that's
kind
of
what
you're
thinking
of
in
terms
of
a
monthly
wage
right.
So
yeah.
Okay,
thank
you,
no
problem,
no
problem
and
it
that
type
of
remittance
of
money
and
the
conversion
of
money
and
they've
consistently
talk
about
the
conversion
of
money.
It's
a
big!
B
So,
for
example,
he
doesn't
know
where
to
direct
a
letter
and
we're
going
to
hear
a
couple
more
examples
of
that.
Irish
people
are
living
in
rented
accommodation,
as
they
say,
but
they're
living
in
rented
accommodation
and
when
a
soldier
goes
to
the
front.
His
family,
who
could
have
been
living
in
one
rented
tenement
building,
might
have
moved
down
the
street
a
couple
of
months
after
he
he
has
gone,
and
so
they
do
not
necessarily
know
where
they
have
to
direct
things,
because
they're
very
fluid.
B
Barnard
survived
the
American
Civil
War,
but
he
decided
to
join
the
U.S
regular
army
and
shortly
afterwards
he
was
sent
down
to
Texas
during
what
was
known
as
reconstruction.
After
the
the
Confederacy
had
been
defeated
and
he
was
shot
and
killed
during
an
altercation
there,
just
after
and
so
his
mother
is
sending
in
that
letter
to
prove
that
he
had
sent
her
money
during
the
American
Civil
War.
Okay,
Mark
was
talking
about
how
it
wasn't
just
Catholics
who
emigrated
to
Canada.
B
Prior
to
this,
even
though
we
have
a
tendency
to
associate
that
immigration
with
an
earlier
period,
but
it
means
that
there's
a
hugely
Rich
Anglican
Presbyterian
Irish
presence
in
the
American,
Civil
War
and
again
we'll
just
touch
on
this
man.
This
is
with
rare
in
in
image
of
him.
His
name
is
Hugh
McGraw,
his
family
were
and
I
always
have.
To
add
this
caveat.
B
I
am
very
sorry
to
hear
that
James,
his
brother
does
not
visit
you
oftener
and
pay
a
little
more
attention
to
the
old
household,
knowing
that
I
am
necessarily
absent
and
that
there
is
none
of
the
other
members
of
the
family
near
enough
to
pay
any
attention
to,
but
I
trust
you'll
be
able
to
get
along
without
his
service.
Till
I
can
again
seek
shelter
under
the
old
roof.
B
He
kind
of
finished
his
office
letter
saying
that
we're
still
in
the
same
camp,
but
how
long
I
suppose
it
would
take
Joe
hooker
to
tell
who's.
Then
the
general
things
begin
to
look
a
little
Lively
again.
Troops
are
moving
and
spreading
up
and
down
the
bank
of
the
river
for
the
purpose.
It
is
said
of
preventing
the
rebs
from
crossing
the
river.
B
How
does
it
as
it
is
rumored
that
Lee
intends
Crossing
and
attacking
us,
knowing
that
our
force
is
considerably
weakened
since
the
last
fight,
in
consequence
of
the
expiration
of
the
term
of
service
of
the
two-year
and
nine-month
troops?
So
we
should
probably
soon
be
on
the
war
path
again
right
soon
and
let
me
know
how
your
health
is
so
at
the
end
of
that
letter,
Hugh
McGraw
well
he's
telling
us
how
much
his
faith
in
God
is
is
key
to
him
when
he's
on
service.
B
B
But
there's
more
than
that
in
these
files
and
and
to
give
you
an
idea,
you
get
a
lot
of
these
certificates
of
marriage
and
things,
and
some
of
these
from
Ireland
so
of
women,
trying
to
prove
that
they
were
married
in
Ireland
to
to
before
they
emigrated,
and
they
need
us
to
to
show
that
they're
entitled
to
a
pension
based
under
a
husband's
service.
I
mean
so
they
often
write
back
and
are
sent
information
for
a
fee,
or
it's
recorded
in
in
some
way.
That's
accepted
by
this.
B
You
can
see
everyone
is
listed
as
being
born
in
Ireland.
We
know
because
the
last
child
is
11
and
that
they
have
been.
They
have
emigrated
sometime
after
1849,
probably
in
the
early
1850s
and
made
their
home
in
Philadelphia
and
Patrick
was
drafted
into
the
U.S
military.
The
younger
Patrick
who's
17,
and
this
on
the
90
into
August
1863
was
captured
in
1864,
and
that
is
his
grave
in
Andersonville
Georgia,
where
he
ended
up.
B
B
B
Henry,
the
father
Matthews
was
48
when
he
enlisted
in
the
Army,
so
he
was
not
a
young
man
which
was
a
a
terrible
impediment
if
you
were
going
to
be
sent
to
somewhere,
like
Andersonville
prisoner
of
war
camp.
Our
early
analysis
of
the
Irish
dare
shows
that
the
older
men
diet
a
significantly
higher
rate
than
the
younger,
but
he
was
a
laborer
and
he
probably
saw
an
opportunity
with
the
money
that
was
off
on
offer
in
the
late
War
to
improve
his
family's
circumstances.
B
But
again
we
have
a
letter
that
he
wrote.
This
is
a
this
is
the
letter
and
we
see
his
wife
is
illiterate.
So
we
can
see
the
deliveracy
is
no
impediment
to
these
people
writing
and
receiving
letters.
It
just
needs
intermediaries
to
do
it
for
them.
So
these
letters
are
read
publicly
they're,
often
written
by,
for
example,
a
tenement
neighbor
May
write
them
back
and
forth.
B
A
fellow
comrade
in
the
Army
May
write
them
for
a
soldier
so
that
families
can
communicate
regularly
back
and
forth
and
they
did
the
same
when
they
were
communicating
with
Ireland
and
just
and
the
interesting
topic
in
relation
to
Irish
speakers.
Anyone
who
is
an
Irish
speaker
only
ever
communicates
in
English
through
correspondents
as
well,
there's
no
indication
that
they
they
have
any
Irish
when
they're
writing
these
letters,
but
this
is
written
under
6th
of
August,
1864.
B
and
Henry.
Writes
dear
wife,
I
received
your
long
watched
and
welcome
letter
on
the
31st
day
of
September.
You
can
you
can
spot
there
the
error
last
and
was
glad
to
learn
that
you
were
all
enjoying
good
health
as
I
am
at
present
thank
God
for
his
mercies
towards
us,
though
far
apart.
I'm
also
glad
that
you
received
the
forty
dollars
again,
which
I
was
very
much
in
doubt
of
for
a
long
time.
B
Dear
wife,
I
am
sorry
to
inform
you
that
I've
had
the
fever
and
ache
for
a
long
time
through
the
summer,
but
I'm
now
over
it
thank
God,
but
indeed,
I
have
suffered
most
severely
from
the
above
sickness.
Dear
wife
I
request
of
you
to
answer
this
letter.
The
very
moment
you
receive
the
money.
You
must
know
the
afternoon
I
hear
from
you
the
better
it
makes
me
feel.
Dear
wife,
I
was
glad
to
see
your
name
on
one
of
the
Buffalo
papers
as
being
receiving
the
relief
funds
stick
and
hang
by
it.
B
The
more
you
get
the
more
you
will
have
dear
wife,
I
advise
you
to
be
careful
of
the
money,
as
it
may
be
a
long
time
before
we
may
get
any
more.
This
is
only
a
part
of
the
bounty
which
I
received
a
few
days
ago.
I
now
conclude
by
sending
you
my
love
and
best
respect,
respects
and
1.
000
kisses
to
the
children,
I
hope
they
are
good
boys
and
give
them
my
blessing.
Remember
me
to
all
inquiring
friends.
Tell
them.
B
I
am
well
goodbye
until
my
next
yours
truly
and
affectionate
husband,
Henry
Matthews,
and
then
he
says
in
the
PS.
Just
tell
me:
you're
the
street
that
you're
living
on
right.
So
he
doesn't
know
what
street
his
wife
and
children
are
living
on,
since
he
has
gone
to
war,
only
the
general
area
and
he
dies
prisoner
of
war
at
Andersonville
on
the
1st
of
August
1864.
He
doesn't
get
back
to
them
again.
B
So
again,
we're
seeing
how
people
are
moving
across
the
border
here
into
places
like
Buffalo
families
are
linked,
says
that
he
visited
the
insane
Department
of
the
yearly
County
arm
house
on
the
7th
of
January
1879
1875
and
recognized
Mary
Matthews
alive
that
he
visited
the
same
institution
the
next
day
and
recognized
Mary
Matthews
dead.
He
is
the
son-in-law
of
Mary
Matthews,
and
that
is
the
end
of
the
Matthews
family
story
from
Tana
Moore
outside
craigavon.
B
Occasionally
you
get
quite
detailed.
First
person
accounts
the
mortys.
Are
the
family
I
wrote
about
a
bit
in
my
last
book:
The
Forgotten
Irish,
but
I
won't
go
into
the
whole
detail
in
relation
to
this.
But
this
is
an
example
of
when
an
investigation
is
occurring,
the
type
of
detail
you
can
get
and
there
was
an
investigation
into
the
Maurice.
It
has
to
do
with
two
wives,
another
fairly
common
thing
that
happens
in
the
19th
century,
who
don't
necessarily
know
that
each
other
exists.
B
When
he's
writing
this
between
the
time
when
I
was
seven
years
of
age
in
1872,
I
knew
what
little
of
my
parents
I
was
about.
Five
years
and
three
months
old
and
my
father
left
my
mother
and
came
alone
to
the
United
States
at
the
time
he
left
mother
I
had
a
younger
brother
and
sister
live
in
had
about
two
months
after
he
left.
Another
brother
was
born.
Mother
did
not
hear
from
father
for
about
nine
months
after
he
came
to
this
country.
B
Father
was
at
that
time
a
compositor
in
the
New
York
Herald
newspaper
office.
When
mother
received
the
first
letter,
she
soon
afterwards
received
two
more
letters
and
from
that
time
received
no
more,
my
grandfather
told
me:
father
had
died
when
a
soldier
in
the
U.S
volunteer
army,
my
mother,
came
to
this
country
in
1864,
I.
Think
my
brothers
and
sisters
having
died.
Previous
to
this
time,
I
was
living
with
my
grandfather.
My
mother
was
alone
when
she
came
to
this
country
after
my
mother
had
lived
in
this
country
about
one
and
a
half
years.
B
She
again
married
to
my
father's
brother,
Bernard
Murray.
This
is
again
quite
common
and
he
died
in
1879
and
I
have
a
high
sister
now
living
his
child
and
afterwards
Michael
himself,
emigrates
the
United,
States
and
then
reunites
with
his
mother
and
is
living
with
her.
But
you
can
see
across
these
years
how
this
the
primary
family
unit
of
father,
mother
and
child
are
not
living
in
the
same
locations,
and
it
it
it.
It
shows
you
really
just
what
immigration
could
do
to
individual
families
in
this
period.
B
Again,
you
get
you
get
nice.
You
can
get
all
sorts
of
documents
in
these
files.
That
can
be
quite
interesting
just
from
even
if
you're
interested
in
genealogy
but,
for
example,
another
one
of
the
the
families
from
Ahmad
come
across
are
the
Donald's
from
Acton
Joseph
Donald
had
been
a
private
company.
Okay,
the
73rd
Indiana
volunteers.
That's
his
grave
in
Tennessee,
Nancy
Donald
again
is
illiterate.
B
B
A
B
I'd
never
heard
of
it
before
before
about
a
day
ago,
but
she
she's
she's,
trying
to
prove
that
she
got
married
in
a
Presbyterian
Church
there.
She
doesn't
know
where
the
minister
is
alive.
Yet
she's
not
heard
of
him
since
that
her
husband,
she
and
her
husband
left
Ireland
25
years
ago,
so
she's
telling
us
that
they
left
a
year
after
their
marriage,
which
again
is
really
really
common.
It's
the
most
common
you
see
people
get
married
and
then
they
immigrate
normally
within
one
or
two
years.
B
That's
the
most
common
True
Detectives,
the
40s
to
50s.
Often
they
may
have
a
child
in
tow,
but
normally
it's
a
quick
immigration
after
marriage.
Okay,
but
there's
this
nice
little
note
on
the
file
there
and
I.
Don't
know,
can
you
read
it,
but
it
says:
Dear,
Sir
I
wish
to
obtain
the
Civil
War
record
of
Joseph
Donald
LaPorte
County
India
Anna,
who
enlisted
in
the
73rd
Indiana
I
desire,
This
Record,
to
assist
in
completing
a
family
record.
B
Mr
Donald
was
the
great
grandfather
of
my
young
son,
for
whom
This
Record
is
being
prepared
and
that's
in
1910.
So
that's
like
a
little
family
history
project
in
1910,
that's
being
done!
That's
looking
into
into
into
the
Donald's
I
I
won't
go
through
too
many
more.
This
is
a
particularly
good
one
again
Kilmore
in
Arma
the
Donnelly's
of
Kilmore,
and
this
is
a
really
good
example.
Again
we
have
a
letter
from
a
soldier
here.
This
is
who
he's
sending
it
to
Margaret
Donnelly.
B
You
can
see
on
the
left,
her
Mark.
She
is
illiterate.
She
cannot
read
this
letter
herself.
Almost
certainly
it
has
been
read
for
her
she
hands
in
the
letter
from
her
husband.
Her
husband
had
sent
this
letter
a
couple
of
weeks
before
he
drowned
while
being
transported
across
the
Potomac
River
at
Alexandria
in
Virginia
in
early
1862.
B
Other
statements,
so
this
is
Margaret
Donnelly's
one
Margaret
only
was
married
to
John
Donnelly
at
the
Parish
Church
in
Maui
County
Tyrone
Ireland
in
February
1849
by
the
Reverend
Father
Michael
Coyne.
She
does
not
recollect
the
day
of
the
month
of
February,
upon
which
she
was
married.
Illiterate
people
tend
not
to
remember
dates,
particularly
with
the
passage
of
time,
as
specifically
as
we
do
know,
and
they,
for
example,
care
an
awful
lot
less
about
how
their
names
are
spelled,
and
things
like
that.
So
you
get
Mass
variants
of
it.
B
She
lived
with
the
said
John
about
two
and
a
half
years
after
they
were
married
in
RMI
in
Ireland
when
they
moved
to
United
States.
So
again,
marriage,
quick
immigration,
relatively
speaking,
they
were,
they
arrived
in
the
United
States
on
the
last
day
of
July
1851
and
lived
together
as
man
and
wife
in
the
city
of
New
York.
From
that
time,
until
John
went
away
to
the
war
in
August
1861.,
she
has
had
five
children
born
of
her
marriage,
but
only
two
of
them
are
now
alive.
Again.
B
So
the
next
person,
through
the
door
to
give
an
affidavit,
is
Catherine
McKenna
again
in
New
York,
and
she
says
that
she's,
the
sister
of
Margaret
Donnelly
and
she
was
well
acquainted
with
John
Donnelly
for
several
years
prior
to
the
time
when
he
was
married
to
Margaret.
In
fact,
she
knew
him,
since
he
was
a
little
boy,
they
were
neighbors
and
they
went
to
school
together.
She
was
married
about
one
year
before
her
sister
Margaret
and
lived
away
from
her
father's
house
at
the
time.
B
Margaret
was
married,
but
she
received
an
invitation
to
come
to
our
father's
house
to
be
present
at
Margaret's
wedding
dinner
and
went
home
and
was
present
at
the
dinner
and
the
wedding
party.
Though
she
wasn't
present
at
the
church
for
the
wedding
ceremony,
you
can
see
the
level
of
detail
we're
getting
here
into
a
family
or
the
wedding
of
poor
people
in
in
our
the
Armature
on
Border.
She
was
at
her
father's
house
when
they
came
in
from
the
church
and
had
been
married
and
then
had
what
was
called
in
case.
B
We
didn't
get
it
the
first
time
Margaret's
when
he
did
what
Margaret's
wedding
dinner
and
party
and
John
and
Margaret
lived
together
as
man
and
wife
from
that
time
until
he
went
away
to
war,
but
still
more
people
are
going
to
walk
through
the
door
from
New
York.
So
the
next
person,
then,
is
Ed
Ellen
Donnelly,
whose
husband
was
a
first
cousin
of
John,
the
soldier
who
died
and
so
she's
adding
more
to
it.
B
She
says
that
she's,
a
native
of
the
county,
Armand
Ireland
she's,
been
acquainted
with
Margaret
Donnelly
since
childhood,
and
they
were
brought
up
together
in
the
town
of
Kilmore
and
County
Arma
up
to
the
time
of
the
marriage
of
Margaret
and
John
Donnelly,
she
was
acquainted
with
John
Donnelly
for
many
years
before
his
marriage.
She
was
present
and
stood
up
at
Margaret
as
bridesmaid
on
the
occasion
of
her
marriage
at
the
Paris
Church
in
Maui.
B
B
So
you're,
seeing
this
mass
transposition
of
all
of
these
people
who
knew
each
other
from
this
area
to
do
precisely
the
same
air
in
New,
York,
so
they're,
maintaining
those
links
and
they're
maintaining
the
links
back
across
the
Atlantic
as
well,
but
that
that
is
still
an
intact
community
of
which
were
getting
incredible.
Insight
by
by
looking
at
this
file,
I'm,
not
I'm,
gonna
I'm
gonna
skip
over
briefly
some
but
again
just
another
one
of
the
local
Presbyterian
men,
Robert
Boyle,
who
served
in
corcoran's
Irish
Legion.
B
He
was
married
in
portadown
in
1845
wounded
and
got
an
opportunity
when
he
was
captured
to
send
the
last
letter
to
his
wife.
I'll
just
read
a
couple
of
lines
with
he
was
wrote.
A
place
called
Cold
Harbor
I
was
captured
yesterday
morning.
The
Third
near
this
place,
I'm
severely
wounded
through
my
right
tie.
The
sergeant
has
not
yet
examined
my
wound
that
I
can't
tell
whether
the
leg
will
have
to
be
amputated
or
not.
I
fear
that
it
can't
be
done
with
safety.
B
B
A
letter
was
sent
a
few
days
later,
which
is
also
in
his
file
that
pulled
his
wife
that
he
had
died.
He
had
succumbed
to
an
illness
and
his
family.
Interestingly,
his
wife
gave
the
letter
that
he
had
sent
to
her
to
a
local
Catholic
Irish
woman,
whose
husband
had
died,
who
had
been
lying
beside
him
on
the
field,
because
Boyle
mentions
him
in
the
in
the
in
the
record.
So
she
gives
this
woman.
B
B
B
B
B
I
read
this
letter
of
actually
given
a
tour
on
the
site
right
by
where
Patrick
Harris
was
actually
killed
a
couple
years
before
the
pandemic.
But
it's
quite
the
letter,
Tompkins
Virginia,
it's
late,
June
1861.,
so
he's
got
about
a
week
to
live.
I
would
have
wrote
to
you
before
now,
but
I
was
so
very
sick.
That
I
could
not
move.
I
am
I
am
not
well
and
I
am
afraid.
I
never
will
be.
B
My
Barracks
is
bad
since
I
left
you
dear
Margaret,
if
I
had
to
take
your
advice,
I
would
not
have
come
here.
This
is
the
worst
thing
I've
ever
done
since
I
was
born.
Forgive
me
dear
Margaret
and
pray
for
me
night
and
day
for
my
poor
soul.
Oh
Margaret,
my
loving
wife,
will
I
ever
have
the
happiness
of
seeing
you.
That
is
all
I
wish
for
on
this
Earth
to
see
you
and
the
children.
B
Margaret
I
will
not
tell
you
the
hardship
that
I
went
through
since
I
came
here,
walking
and
standing
in
the
hot
sun
all
day
and
sleeping
on
the
ground
at
night
and
don't
know
the
moment
you
will
be
shot.
I
have
tried
to
get
back
to
New
York,
but
they
wouldn't.
Let
me
go
dear
Margaret
I
cannot
blame
anybody,
but
myself
dear
Margaret,
write
to
me
quick,
give
me
a
quick
answer
and
if
I
am
alive,
get
it
I.
B
If,
if
I
am
alive
to
get
it,
I
will
die
content
when
I
will
hear
how
you
manage
with
the
poor
children.
Poor
Maggie
I
was
a
bad
father
for
them,
and
you
God,
forgive
me
I
hope
you
will
I
am
too
far
away.
Now
from
my
from
my
heart
is
heart
badge
when
I
think
I
did
not
see
you
today,
I
came
away,
I
can't
say
anyhow
what
I
want
to
say,
I
feel
in
such
a
terrible
way.
B
I
write
these
lines
in
a
hurry
beside
a
tree
in
the
woods
and
have
not
the
time.
Dear
Margaret
I
have
nobody
to
do
anything
for
me
now.
I
am
unwell
since
I
left
you.
If
I
only
see
you
one
minute,
I
would
give
all
the
world
Margaret
this
place
is
too
hot
for
me,
I
can't
eat
anything
at
all
drinking
water
all
the
time
we
are
to
March
further
south
tonight
or
tomorrow,
Margaret
dear.
Forgive
me
when
you
write
direct
for
John
carrier.
B
B
Yeah
I
can't
say
anymore:
I
deserve
all
I
am
getting
I
might
just
as
well
shoot
myself
where
you
was
and
then
I
should
die.
Happy
farewell
dear
Margaret,
and
that's
the
last
letter
that
Patrick
Harris
ever
wrote
to
her
as
he
was
killed
at
the
stone
bridge
outside
of
Bull
Run
just
shortly
afterwards.
So
that's
the
type
of
power
that
these
letters
have
and
on
that
less
than
cheery
note.
I
will
draw
to
a
conclusion
thanks
very
much.
A
Thank
you
very
much
Jamie
and
finally,
plenty
of
things
to
think
about.
There
there's
been
a
few
questions
here.
I'll
just
try
and
make
my
way
through
some
of
them.
Some
of
our
researchers
helped
us
out
here.
Ten
dollars
equates
and
then
10
in
1865
would
equate
to
roughly
180
85.
Today,
caffeine
has
asked:
how
would
you
go
about
to
get
information
about
your
own
relatives?
Is
there
any
particular
military
agency
to
contact.
B
It's
quite
it
can
be
quite
difficult,
so
you
do
have
to
try
and
know
details
about
them
because
they're
as
I
said,
the
records
are
a
lot
different
to
what
we're
used
to
so
so
somebody
might
be
called
John,
Murphy
and
Jose.
He
was
from
Ireland
and
because
250
000
Irish
people
fighting
the
Union
Army.
There
are
lots
of
John
Murphy.
So,
but
if
you
do
know
some
details
about
them,
there's
a
number
of
different
ways.
B
You
can
get
it
so
there
are
compiled
military
service
records
for
every
Soldier
who
fought
the
Confederate
ones,
have
been
scanned
and
are
available
on
Fall
three,
the
only
a
small
number
of
the
US
ones
have
been
scanned
and
if
they
haven't
been
scanned,
you
can
order
them
from
the
National
Archives.
But
the
pension
files
are
the
main
thing
about
165
000
at
Mr,
scanned
by
name
and
available
on
Fall
3,
which
is
a
pay
site
fault3.com.
A
B
Yeah,
so
the
second,
the
Second
Great
Wave
Mark,
was
talking
about
people's
perceptions
of
the
war.
One
of
the
big
things
I
know
that
people
are
I've
been
influenced
by
is
The
Gangs
of
New
York
for
them
in
that
this,
the
if
you've
seen
that
from
the
Martin's
courses,
even
which
great
show,
but
it
shows
there's
a
scene
in
that
where
the
Irish
are,
are
copping
off
the
boat
and
seem
to
not
have
a
clue.
B
B
It's
complete
rubbish
really
like
there
was
a
bit
of
that
going
on,
but
what
you
actually
see
is
people
are
intentionally
emigrating,
leaving
Ireland
towards
the
end
of
the
war
intentionally
emigrating
to
enlisting
the
American
Force,
because
the
money
for
the
substitutes
was
so
high.
It
was
completely
life-altering,
so
you
could
have
paid
for
your
entire
family
to
come
out
with
you.
If
you
took
the
risk,
I
have
a
guy
I
think
you
had
somebody
on
from
loud
earlier.
B
I
have
a
guy
trying
to
get
his
mother
out
of
the
Poor
House
in
drogheda,
who
crosses
over
from
Canada
to
enlist
to
get
the
Bounty
sends
the
money
immediately
that
he
gets
in
the
US
Army
back
to
get
his
mother
on
the
boat
and
when
she
lands
she
discovers
he's
been
shot
in
the
in
the
in
the
war
to
get
her
back.
So
so
this
money
has
been
used
to
to
drive
people
across
the
Atlantic
to
get
them
to
come
over
to
the
states.
B
A
B
Yeah
I
haven't
personally,
but
there
has
there's.
Actually
a
few
I
can
actually
send
you
links
to
them
a
few
interesting
books
that
have
been
written
on
them.
I
I
believe
actually,
there's
been
a
bit
of
research.
That's
shown
that
some
of
the
Athenians
are
Protestants
as
well.
The
kind
of
chime
in
what
Mark
was
saying
earlier
to
come
and
fight
in
the
battle
of
Ridgeway.
There
appears
to
be
less
U.S
veterans
than
maybe
was
previously
thought
in
vaccinian
group.
B
I
I,
hopefully,
will
have
a
book
out
in
the
next
18
months
or
so
that's
actually.
The
number
of
finians
who
actually
enlist
in
the
military
with
the
idea
of
at
coming
back
to
Ireland
is
is
I,
think
minuscularly
small,
actually,
but
hundreds
rather
than
thousands,
but
certainly
some
of
those
men
were
unions
veterans
who
could
cross
over
to.
A
B
Yeah,
so
so
it's
it's
an
effort
by
the
the
Fenian
movement
in
Ireland,
which
is
seeking
seeking
to
make
Ireland,
Independence
and
free
from
British
rule
to
strike
at
the
British
through
Canada,
because
Canada
is
British
and
they
they
guess
they
get
kind
of.
You
know
rather
jokingly
referenced
to
because
of
it's.
It's
kind
of
a
comical
effort.
There's
a
series
of
efforts
actually
through
the
1860s
and
70.,
but
they're
quite
Keen,
to
create
a
diplomatic
incident
between
Britain
and
the
United
States.
B
So
the
United,
States
and
Britain
are
not
good
friends
in
this
period
in
the
19th
century
and
defenians
are
Keen
to
kind
of
ferment
clashes
between
the
US
and
the
British,
and
and
so
that
that
is
one
of
the
things
that
driving
them
at
the
same
time
that
they
do
this.
They
also
send-
and
there
are
quite
a
number
of
EX
Irish
U.S
officers
from
the
Civil
War,
who
come
back
to
Ireland
as
well,
and
try
and
strike
up
a
series
of
it's
a
rather
abortive
Rising
in
1867..
B
A
lot
of
the
earliest
mug
shots
that
we
actually
see
from
Ireland
are
of
U.S
army
Irish
finians,
who
have
been
arrested
and
taken
into
place
like
Mount
Joy,
because
they
were
absolutely
riddled
with
informers
and
were
picked
up
within
seconds.
Usually
often,
some
of
them
are
wearing
their
American
clothes
and
it
wasn't
very
difficult
to
to
identify
them,
but
a
very
important
group
in
in
terms
of
the
history
of
Irish
nationalism,
as
it
evolves
forward
into
the
early
20th
century.
B
A
B
Two
biggest
drivers
of
Irish
enlistment
into
the
U.S
military
and
again
this
is
something
in
the
works
that
that
I
have
our
economics
yeah
from
the
very
start
to
the
war
economics
and
the
other
is
patriotism,
American
patriotism,
so
the
Irish
are
quite
patriotic.
They
tend
the
minute
they
land
in
America.
To
say
this
is
my
country
and
they
got
to
fight
to
defend
my
country's
rights.
B
B
Yes,
the
Irish
had
absolutely
again
we're
talking,
and
you
know,
I
mentioned
Kirkland's
Irish
Legion,
there's
quite
a
number
of
the
Irish
Legion
who
who
would
have
been
up
for
ending
slavery,
but
it
as
a
whole
and
again
this
is
a
whole
other
lecture
as
well.
The
Irish
were
no
friends
of
the
African-Americans
in
this
period
were
vehemently
opposed
to
emancipation,
but
they
still
enlisted
after
it
came
in
and
they
still
fought
after.
It
came
in
there's
a
lot
of
different
reasons.
B
A
A
C
Think
I
think
Jim
has
more
knowledge
of
this
than
I
have
I
just
think
it
was
fantastic.
It's
a
real
illustration
of
the
sources
that
are
there.
When
you
go
off
of
the
tangent.
You
know,
Mark
was
talking
earlier
about
perspective
research
on
Irish
language
speakers
and
speaking
Irish.
When
they
moved
there
and
set
in
the
communities
they
got.
C
The
indigenous
population
then
and
Canada
how
they
were
effective,
how
they
helped
the
Irish
who
were
migrating,
and
then
this
I
mean
I,
remember
being
contacted
by
Americans
years
ago,
similar
in
the
end
of
itself,
the
corruption
of
it,
and
they
had
mentioned
how
one
of
their
relatives
had
actually
survived.
Andersonville
prison,
so
I
mean
it's
interesting.
It
crops
up
there,
but
I
mean
it's
just
it's.
The
thing
that
strikes
me
is
the:
how
local
resources
are
you
mentioned
tonic
with
the
West?
A
C
And
then
the
thing
again,
which
you
know
you
hear
about
sibling
migration,
you
see
names
on
lists,
but
I
actually
listened
to
DME
in
there.
It's
really
putting
that
meat
on
the
bones
where
you
know
in-laws
are
coming
in
sisters-in-law
or
brothers-in-law
or
whatever,
and
given
evidence
that
the
Bulls
are
actually
in
for
a
pension.
So
as
I
mean
I've
been
in
contact
with
you,
I
mean
if
he
doesn't
mind
because
I
think
it's
a
fantastic
source
so
that
never
I
was
never.
A
They
mean
just
I'm
gonna
briefly.
Add
to
this,
because
I've
listened
to
some
other
talks,
you've
done
elsewhere
and
two
points
come
across
previously.
I
know:
you've
talked
about
where
people
have
had
to
make
really
harsh
decisions,
for
example
in
the
case
of
an
injury,
and
should
they
let
a
surgeon
and
beauteous
a
limb
yeah?
A
B
A
B
B
I
mean
there's
an
awful
story
in
relation
to
just
that
now,
and
we
often
forget
about
it.
You
know
and
I
think
the
important
thing
to
remember
is
these
people's
classes
important
as
their
ethnicity.
If
they're
they're
working
class
people
and
if
you
get
an
injury,
it
doesn't
matter
what
the
government
is
paying
you
if
you
get
an
injury
that
inhibits
Your
Capacity
to
do
manual
labor
in
the
mid
19th
century
you're
in
really
serious
trouble.
B
It's
all
very
well,
if
you're,
an
officer
who
can
kind
of
head
back
to
your
Club,
but
there's
an
Irish
sailor
guy
called
Richard
Dunphy
who
loses
he
bought
his
arms
are
carried
off
by
a
shell
at
a
naval
battle
called
Mobile
Bay
and
he's
given
the
Medal
of
Honor,
the
highest
award
there's
photographs
taken
of
him.
Afterwards,
it's
a
range
of
photographs
taken
of
him,
and
if
you
read
his
pension
file,
it
is
horrific.
B
He
he
moves
out
to
California
becomes
an
alcoholic
is
getting
consistently
abused
where
men
are
calling
around
to
his
house
to
take
him
out
and
play
cards
and
taking
them
cards,
they
have
to
hold
the
cards
from
they're.
Taking
his
money
out
of
his
pocket
because
he
has
no
arms
as
they're,
feeding
in
more
and
more
drink,
so
his
wife
and
family
at
home
don't
have
the
pension
money.
He
gets
violent
towards
his
wife
and
family,
and
all
of
this
is
documented
in
the
pension
fund.
B
This
horrific
decades-long
dissent
that
he
has
as
a
result
of
what
occurred
to
him
because
he
wasn't
able
to
to
work
from
because
he
lost
his
arms
when
he
was
in
his
early
20s
in
the
American
Civil
War.
So
it
kind
of
gives
you
all
that
side
of
a
lot
of
the
consequences
of
it
and
just
the
terrible
lives
the
hard
lives
that
an
awful
lot
of
them
had
like.
B
A
B
So
the
main,
the
main,
although
we
kind
of
see
America
now,
is
this
big
milieu
of
immigrants
like
in
this
period.
It
was
the
Irish
and
the
Germans
or
the
two
huge
ones,
really
there's
no,
for
example,
major
Italian
movements
at
this
point,
it's
later
in
the
19th
century.
But
what
so
so
one
of
the
things
I've
done
over
the
years
is
look
at
the
international
payouts
of
Pensions.
So
so
the
Americans
would
pay
you
the
pension
internationally.
B
If
I
was
living
in
Arma
and
my
husband
went
off
and
died
at
Gettysburg,
the
Americans
would
pay
the
pension
to
our
Ma.
You
would
get
it
through
the
local
post
office
if
they,
if
you're
new,
to
claim
it
and
Ireland
probably
claims
the
most
so
I've
looked
at
them
all
everywhere,
outside
the
US,
so
Canada
as
well
Ireland
Britain
Europe,
but
it
shows
you
how
few
Irish
returned
the
the
Irish
do
not
come
back
and
they
could
have
come
back.
B
You
can
see
it
in
a
lot
of
the
records
they
could
have
come
back,
but
they
don't
want
to
there's
only
219
American,
Military
pensions
being
claimed
in
Ireland
in
1883.
For
example,
which
is
still
a
high
number
internationally,
but
it's
low
when
you
consider
it
as
250
000
Irishmen,
who
fought
in
the
War,
but
so
what
it
also
shows.
You
is
the
influence
of
of
step
and
chair
migration.
So
a
significant
number
of
the
British
pensions
that
are
being
claimed
are
being
claimed
by
Irish
people
in
Britain.
B
It's
people
who
have
emigrated
in
the
1840s
to
places
like
Liverpool
or
Manchester
or
London,
and
they
are
their
children,
are
then
going
on
to
America
when
they
have
the
money.
You
see
quite
a
substantial
number
of
the
Canadian
pensions
they're
paying
tires
people
there's
a
couple
of
Australians
and
you
had
to
to
know
really
that
you
were
entitled
to
them.
B
So
the
Germans
know
because
there's
German
councils,
there's
American
councils
in
the
German
states,
there's
American
councils
all
over
Ireland,
like
Derry
Belfast
cork,
all
of
these
places
Galway,
and
if
you
knew
you
had
a
local
Council
and
there
was
a
constant
back
and
forth
between
your
communities.
You
were
more
likely
to
know
your
entitled
to
the
pension,
but
in
places
like
the
Nordic
countries,
people
didn't
know
per
se
and
they
didn't
have
that
kind
of
community
cohesiveness,
necessarily
at
the
same
degree
that
that's
the
Irish
had.
B
So
you
know
you
can
look
at
the
1901
census,
like
one
of
my
favorites,
my
family
are
from
North
Donegal,
there's
a
there's,
a
great
if
you
ever,
if
you're
up
up
near
cardigan,
the
great
bar
called
The,
Glen
Barr
up
on
the
way
to
cargart
but
Glenn,
a
small
little
village
and
one
of
the
lads
in
there
in
1901
census
is
known
as
a
veteran
at
a
69
Pennsylvania
volunteers.
That's
his
occupation,
like
he
was
behind
the
stone
wall
at
Gettysburg
when
Pickett's
Charge
was
launched
underneath
all
in
1901..
B
So
you
do
see
you
do
see.
Some
of
them
come
back
and-
and
you
see
some
of
them
reference
it
in
their
letters
as
well
in
the
1860s.
But
they
say
things
like
I
want
to
come
back
and
get
my
mother
and
bring
her
out
to
America.
They
don't
say:
I
want
to
come
back
and
live
they.
They
don't
want
to
do
this
they're
Dave.
A
I
don't
know
briefly,
I
know
what
the
times
half
nine
but
I
have
another
question.
Sorry
Jared,
if
you
want
to,
if
you
have
anything
but
I,
want
to
ask
you
know
the
prisoner,
War
Camp
you've
mentioned
someone
I've
again,
I've
been
looking
at
a
documentary
once
you,
but
some
of
the
conditions
and
all
these
Camp
are
just.
A
B
Chance
of
survival,
yeah
well
I
mean
I.
I
was
I've
been
fortunate
enough,
knowing
it
like
it's
thanks
to
the
Department
of
Foreign
Affairs
and
everything.
I
I've
actually
gone
over
to
Andersonville.
To
do
some
research,
we
have
a
you
can
check
it
out
on
our
the
Irish
Americans
of
War
website,
but
we
have
the
Andersonville
Irish
project,
which
has,
for
example,
those
two
guys
I
was
just
talking
about.
B
We've
mapped
a
lot
of
the
places
in
Ireland,
but
yeah
and
and
I
think
one
of
the
things
that
that
is
interesting,
like
I,
think
it's
the
last
post
on
our
website
actually
is
I
was
on
one
of
these
pension
files
from
a
young
fella
from
West
Claire
and
the
documents
that
are
in
that
actually
are
one
of
only
two
proper,
really
strong,
direct
direct
links
to
the
famine
that
I've
ever
seen
in
the
foils.
Because
people,
you
know
people
are
often
saying.
B
B
You
can
go
and
you
can
see
his
grave
there
he's
from
Tramway
in
westclair
and
the
documents
are
there
showing
how
his
father
have
been
working
on
a
famine
relief
Road
in
westclair,
because
they
were
destitute
to
try
and
save
and
going
into
the
Poor
House
how
he
died
on
working
on
the
relief
road
to
a
place
called
The
Seafield
line
and
how
this
young
lad
Owen
when
he
was
13.
His
father,
like
dead.
B
A
couple
of
days
has
to
go
and
take
his
father's
place
to
try
and
prevent
his
mother
and
his
younger
siblings
from
going
into
the
workhouse,
and
they
received
outdoor
relief
where
they're
getting
the
outdoor
relief
from
the
workhouse
for
a
number
of
years
after
that
to
have
and
keep
the
most
and
he
eventually
gets
a
job
as
a
as
a
farm.
Laborer
locally
has
his
mother
lived
in
a
host
just
by
him,
manages
to
save
up
enough
money
to
get
to
America
gets
captured,
gets
taken
to
Andersonville
where
he
dies
of
disease
and
exposure.
B
The
exact
same
decision
exposure
that
we're
killing
everyone
in
westclair
during
the
famine
and
and
you
see
that
direct
link
between
the
two
and
it
just
is
impossible
to
believe
that
there
weren't
Irish
men
in
Andersonville
thinking.
This
is
exactly
what
I
was
saying
in
in
Ireland
and
again
we
don't
make
the
link
enough,
but
but
it's
there
in
black
and
white
in
on
Maloney's
file
that
that
it
didn't
get
him
in
the
1840s.
But
it
got
him
in
1864..