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From YouTube: Reparations Speaker Series 6-3-2021
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A
For
the
reason
that
we're
here
for
each
individual,
each
individual-
that
is
here
how
we
can
move
forward
in
this
process
and
actually
get
the
best,
have
the
best
outcomes
now.
This
is
not
to
say
that
everything
is
going
to
be
hunky-dory.
That's
not
to
say
we
gonna
everybody
hold
hands
is
saying
kumbaya
all
the
time,
because
what
we
want
to
have
is
serious
conversation
and
serious
dialogue.
A
Dialogue
that
we
said
might
make
some
people
feel
uncomfortable.
Absolutely
yes,
so
I
want
y'all
to
remember
three
things.
I
want
y'all
to
stand
with
me
connection.
A
A
Those
are
going
to
be
the
keys
to
us
getting
through
this
thing
and
us
really
really
getting
something
out
of
it.
Now
we're
talking
about
reparations,
we're
talking
about
repairing
damage
that
has
been
done
for
over,
like
400
years,
man
we're
talking
like
200
years
of
african-americans
being
here
in
asheville
and
a
lot
of
things
not
going
up
our
way,
we're
talking
about
the
destruction
of
communities,
we're
talking
about
how
to
rebuild
we're
going
to
be
talking
about
a
lot
of
things,
but
us
understanding.
C
C
A
little
brain
science,
science,
okay
right,
we
have
this
thing
called
a
vagus
nerve
that
runs
like
from
the
top
of
our
head,
all
the
way
to
our
gut
right
and
so
connected
to
that.
Vagus
nerve
is
your
face
and
your
heart
how
you
show
up
in
the
room
matters?
Oh,
can
you
say
that
again,
please
how
you
show
up
in
the
room,
michael:
it.
A
C
Nervous
system
would
say,
danger
will
rock
oh
come
on
because
I'm
not
safe.
You
have
a
signaling
safety
test,
that's
right
right,
so
we
have
these.
Things
called,
mirror
neurons
right,
so
he's
I'm
mirroring
him.
He's
mirroring
me
see
how
he's
smiling.
I'm
smiling
if
he
starts
crying.
I'm
gonna
start
crying
too
right.
C
So
when
you
show
up
in
a
room
it
matters
right
because
the
face
and
the
heart
are
connected
and
guess
what
we
have.
This
little
piece
in
our
brain
called
the
amygdala
a
little
part
of
our
brain
and
it
is
seeking
every
environment
every
conversation
for
threat,
because
your
nervous
system
is
gonna,
do
whatever
it
needs
to
do
to
keep
you
safe.
C
Can
we
be
safe
in
this
room?
Can
we
stay
online
and
connect
it
to
our
thinking?
Brain
because?
Listen,
you
can't
be
in
your
survival
brain
which
is
in
a
way
back
here
you
heard
of
the
lizard
brain
before
your
fight
or
flight
right.
You
can't
be
in
your
lizard
brain
or
your
survival
brain
in
your
prefrontal
cortex.
A
C
A
No
answer
no
answer.
That's.
B
C
Right
because
that
means
being
in
touch
with
that
feeling
inside
yourself
that
understands
the
feeling
of
someone
else,
not
their
behavior,
not
the
way
that
they're
delivering
a
message,
but
you
know
what
it
feels
like
to
be
frustrated
to
be
irritated
to
be
angry
even
to
feel
joy
right.
You
know
what
those
feelings
are
like.
That's
empathy
connecting
with
the
feeling
of
someone
else.
Okay,
so
we
got
those
three
things.
Now
I'm
going
to
teach
you
about
the
body.
B
C
Mm-Hmm
they're
physical
stuff,
you
fill
in
your
body
when
you
start
getting
heated
up,
you're
like
and
your
palms
start
sweating.
You
might
turn
red
a
little
bit
depending
on
your
complexion,
your
muscles,
your
muscles
might
get
tight
uh-huh
your
breathing
is
going
to
change.
It
might
feel
like
an
elephant
sitting
on
your
chest.
Come
on
your
eyes
start
cutting
at
people.
C
B
C
A
C
A
Can
I
do
something,
can
I
do
something?
Can
I
do
a
quick
two
minutes
or
something
so
the
sensing
end
part?
Is
us
really
knowing
how
to
sense
into
like,
because
we
talked
about
heart
rate.
We
talked
about
muscle
tension
and
we
talked
about
the
breathing,
so
the
sensing
end
some
people
might
think
like.
Oh,
it's
so
hard
to
sense
him,
but
it's
really
really
easy
to
sense,
and
I
want
to
do
this
exercise
with
you
so
that
you'll
know
how
easy
it
is.
Okay,
that's
good!
That's
why
we're
all
right?
A
B
A
Stuff:
okay,
okay,
so
we're
gonna
put
our
hands
together.
That's
what
I
want
you
to
do
is
when
I
say
go
as
fast
as
hard
as
you
can.
I
want
you
to
rub
them
together,
real
hard.
Then
I'm
gonna
say
stop
and
you
let
them
out,
and
I
want
you
to
sense
in
and
tell
me
the
sensations
that
you
are
feeling
okay
ready,
get
set,
go
hard
and
fast,
let's
go!
Let's
go
come
on
come
on,
come
on
some
of
y'all
playing
come
on,
put
some
fricks
in
the
net
ready
set.
Let
it
go
now.
A
B
A
D
A
Oh,
I
just
ate
myself,
my
bad,
so
so,
once
we
start
doing
this
and
she
starts
going
through
these
exercises
with
you,
it's
like
you're,
taking
a
big
spotlight
and
you're
going
through
your
body
and
you
sensing
into
those
positive
sensations,
either
loosening
of
the
muscles
the
breathing
right,
the
heart
rate.
Okay,
that's.
C
Too,
okay,
so
you
take
a
sip
of
something
right
so
make
sure.
When
you're
going
to
these
meetings,
you
have
some
kind
of
cup
with
something
in
it:
okay
hold
on
to
the
cup
and
feel
the
temperature
of
the
cup
right.
Then
you
take
the
sip,
and
this
is
all
intentional
right.
You
take
the
sip,
you
notice
the
temperature,
you
notice,
the
texture,
the
taste
feel
it
in
the
back
of
your
throat,
fill
it
in
your
chest
and
see
how
far
you
can
follow
that
thing
down.
C
Right
and
being
intentional
about
feeling.
The
sensations
is
what's
going
to
make
the
brain
and
the
nervous
system
make
you
shift
you're
going
to
come
back
to
a
place
of
what
we're
calling
resilient
you're
going
to
feel
you
can
calm
down
your
body's,
going
to
calm
down
your
your.
Your
muscles
are
going
to
relax.
Your
breathing
is
going
to
come
back
to
normal.
Your
heart
rate
is
going
to
come
back
to
normal.
If
that
doesn't
work,
do
it
again
right
so
taking
a
sip,
we
even
have
pushing
against
the
wall.
Now.
C
C
So
lean
your
shoulder
up
against
the
up
against
the
wall
or
a
pole,
okay
and
sense
into
the
feelings
in
your
in
your
in
your
arm
in
your
back,
even
if
you're
pushing
this
way.
C
Most
of
us
probably
won't
do
that
in
the
room
right,
but
feeling
the
temperature
and
the
texture
of
whatever
you're,
pushing
against
feeling
your
muscles
paying
attention
to
your
stomach
because
a
lot
of
times
we
hold
tension
in
our
bellies
right,
letting
that
stomach
go
leg,
muscles
and
feel
how
grounded
you
are,
as
your
feet
are
on
the
floor
again.
Sensing
into
that
will
make
your
nervous
system
shift
okay
and
that's
what
we
want.
We
want
to
go
from
to
okay.
C
Okay
and
then
we
have
just
regular
grounding
where,
if
you're
sitting
paying
attention
to
your
feet
and
how
sturdy
your
feet
are
on
the
ground,
right
notice,
your
leg
muscles,
if
you
have
your
leg,
propped
up
like
this
gentlemen,
here
notice
your
leg,
your
thigh
muscle,
your
knee
right,
you
can
wiggle
your
toes
a
little
bit
with
your
toes
from
here.
You
go
with
your
toes
a
little
bit
since
into
your
belly
into
your
chest.
C
You
might
want
to
go
all
the
way
up
to
your
face
sensing
to
those
muscles,
bring
yourself
back
to
a
place
of
calm
right,
yes,
okay
and
then
we
have
orienting
anybody
know
what
orienting
is
raise
your
hand,
I'm
not
going
to
call
on
you.
You
know
orienting
this.
Yes,
three
people
all
right,
so
you're
sitting
there
and
you're
not
spacing
out
but
you're
signaling
to
your
nervous
system,
I'm
safe
in
this
room,
I'm
safe
in
this
space.
Okay,
so
you're
going
to
look
around
the
room
notice,
something
that's
pleasing
to
the
eye.
C
I
would
say
everything
red,
but
all
these
chairs
are
red,
but
just
look
around
to
maybe
a
shape
or
a
different
color.
Maybe
look
for
the
exit
signs,
but
don't
run.
That's
your
fight
or
flight.
Just
look.
Look
around
look
around
because
your
nervous
system
is
going
to
say
emcee,
you
are
safe.
It's
okay,
keep
going
right!
A
A
A
That's
going
to
be
it's
going
to
be
validated
productive,
then,
if,
if
mcni
were
to
be
offline
and
out
of
our
resilience
zone,
trying
to
have
a
conversation
nine
times
out
of
ten,
nothing
would
get
accomplished,
but
if
we
both
have
an
understanding
that
we
can
stay
resilient
and
stay
in
our
zone,
even
though
the
emotions
might
have
us
feeling
some
type
of
way,
then
we
can
have
a
conversation
that
becomes
productive
and
that's
what
we
want
to
be
able
to
have.
A
C
A
A
C
But
I'm
creating
a
safe
space
so
that
you
can
be
heard
yes
and
valencia
validated.
I
want
to
teach
y'all
one
more
two
whoo
tapping.
I
love
this
because
I'm
a
percussionist,
so
I
lose
tapping.
Can
you
hold
my
mic?
I
got
you
okay,
so
we're
going
to
cross
the
midline
here,
we're
going
to
stimulate
our
right
and
left
hemispheres
of
our
brain
and
we're
going
to
tap
can
y'all.
Do
this
with
me
a
little
tapping.
C
You
know
what
it's
all
about,
so
you
can
rock
you
can
hum
and
rock
cause,
there's
something
about
the
tapping
and
singing
and
humming
that's
a
whole
different
tool,
but
you
can
tap
as
long
as
hard
as
fast
or
as
slow
as
you
want.
You
can
even
do
it
under
the
table.
Ain't!
Nobody!
Looking!
I
got
a
lot
in
the
front,
so
it's
hard
for
me
to
do
that.
You
know
what
I'm
talking
about,
but
but
if
you
you
know
on
your
legs,
you
can
try
that
on
your
legs.
For
me
cross
your
arms.
C
Do
a
little
tapping.
That's
going
to
bring
you
back
to
a
place
of
calm.
Singing
and
humming
is
an
awesome
rapid
reset,
but
I
don't
think
that
you
can
do
it
while
you're
in
the
meeting.
I
don't
think
that
would
be
productive,
but
you
might
want
to
leave
the
room
for
a
second
go
in
the
bathroom
and
sing
your
favorite
song
or
hum
your
favorite
song
and
come
back
because
guess
what
you're
breathing
out?
C
C
C
We
all,
if
you're
a
member,
you
have
a
nervous
system
and
they
all
work
the
same
way.
Thank
you
and
they
all
work
the
same
way.
So
all
of
these
tools
will
work
and
the
more
you
do
it,
the
more
you're
going
to
create
what
we
call
a
new
neural
pathway
in
your
brain.
That's
a
new
way
of
doing
something.
Y'all
remember
when
he
said
what
a
grandma
used
to
say.
You
can't
take.
You
can't
teach
your
old
dog
nutrition,
guess
what?
Yes,
you
can?
Yes,
you
can
you
can
because
of
some
big
word.
C
A
So
we
got
a
few
minutes
and
want
to
make
sure
that
you
guys
know
that
after
everything
is
over.
After
all,
the
speakers
are
done
mc
and
I
are
going
to
come
back.
A
We
want
to
get
people
grounded
before
you
go
home
because
we
don't
want
anybody
leaving
here
with
any
type
of
negative
energy.
You
go
home
and
you
take
that
home
to
your
children
or
your
loved
ones,
or
even
to
the
clerk
at
the
grocery
store,
because
you're
mad
that
something
happened
here
and
you
go
to
the
clerk
at
the
grocery
store
you're
trying
to
flip
on
the
clerk
cause.
A
A
A
A
F
Good
evening,
good
evening,
okay,
good
all
right,
good,
let's
just
give
a
big
thank
you
to
m.c,
ellis
and
michael
hayes
for
the
for
for
their
warming
us
up
tonight
and
talking
about
resilience.
F
My
name
is
esther
manheimer,
I'm
the
mayor
of
the
city
of
asheville,
and
I'm
here
to
welcome
you
this
evening
and
we
are
excited
to
begin
our
first
night
of
the
information
sharing
and
truth
telling
speaker
series.
We've
got
a
number
of
elected
officials
here
with
us
tonight.
I'd
just
like
to
take
a
moment
and
acknowledge
them.
We've
got
city
council,
member
antoinette
mosley.
F
I
am
blind,
but
I
believe
she
is
over
there
so
wave
your
hand
around
and
sandra
kilgore
sage,
turner
and
gwen
whistler,
and
I
know
they're
all
I
can
see
little
hands
yes
and
then
I
know
people
are
joining
us
online
as
well.
This
evening
we
also
have
our
city
manager
here
with
us
tonight.
Deborah
campbell
is
there
somewhere
over
there.
Yes
and
our
assistant
city
manager,
richard
white,
who
I
know
is
back
there
and
our
other
assistant
city
manager.
F
Kathy
ball
is
here
as
well
yay
and
we
have
a
lot
of
city
staff
here
and
I'm
not
going
to
go
through
everybody,
but
I
also
wanted
to
mention
our
city
attorney
is
here
brad
branham,
thank
you,
and
I
want
to
thank
all
of
you
for
coming.
This
is
a
really
special
moment
for
many
many
reasons,
but
we're
just
getting
used
to
being
together
in
person
again
in
public
spaces,
so
everyone,
I
hope,
you're
feeling
good
and
calm
and
relaxed
and
and
ready
to
enjoy
this
evening.
F
We
have
some
sponsors
that
I
want
to
acknowledge
that
help
sponsor
the
speaker
series
and
this
is
not
inexpensive
and
we
wanted
to
reach
out
to
partners
and
and
help
get
the
speaker
series
supported.
So
we
have
as
sponsors
the
buncombe
county
tourism
development
authority.
Mckibben
hospitality
as
well
as
duke
energy,
are
sponsoring.
F
So
let
me
just
tell
you
how
we
got
here
in
terms
of
city
council
action.
On
july
14
2020,
the
asheville
city
council,
adopted
a
resolution
supporting
reparations
for
black
asheville,
with
the
intention
to
repair
the
harm
done
by
decades
of
discrimination,
also
to
create
opportunities
for
community
input
and
dialogue
and
provide
a
strategic
focus
to
address,
disparity
and
begin
the
process
of
creating
generational
wealth,
as
outlined
by
our
city
manager.
Earlier
this
year,
the
information
and
truth
telling
series
is
the
first
phase
in
the
city
of
asheville's
process
to
deliver
reparations
for
black
asheville.
F
This
tonight
is
a
look
at
the
past
next
week.
Same
time
same
place,
we're
going
to
be
looking
at
the
present,
and
you
guessed
it
after
that
we're
going
to
be
looking
to
the
future
so
before
I
turn
it
over
to
dr
darren
waters
and
all
of
our
special
guests
this
evening.
I
want
to
share
that
today.
The
city
is
releasing
a
new
story
map
that
explains
which
city-owned
properties
came
from
urban
renewal.
F
We
have
several
projects
going,
and
this
is
a
very
important
project
to
identify
lands
acquired
by
the
city
through
urban
renewal.
The
story
map
shows
which
city-owned
properties
came
from
three
urban
renewal
projects
and
provides
the
context
for
how
the
city
came
to
own
them.
It
also
shows
what
the
current
uses
of
these
properties
are.
F
F
The
information
in
these
maps
will
help
guide
future
planning
initiatives
and
decision
making,
as
well
as
inform
other
policies,
especially
related
to
the
disposition
of
city-owned
real
estate.
This
story
map
does
not
tell
the
full
story
of
urban
renewal
in
asheville.
There
are
several
research
projects
happening
in
partnership
with
unc
asheville
that
are
working
to
measure
and
describe
the
full
impacts
of
urban
renewal
on
the
black
community
in
asheville
and
again,
you
can
find
this
now
on
the
city's
website.
F
We
want
to
thank
dr
patrick
balls
and
dr
kathleen
lawler
of
the
unc
asheville
for
their
assistance
with
these
maps
and
we
look
forward
to
a
continued
partnership
with
unc
asheville
on
this
project
and
others
so
now
without
further
ado,
I'd
like
to
welcome
and
turn
it
over
to
our
moderator.
For
this
evening,
unc
asheville,
executive,
director
of
community
engagement
and
associate
professor
of
history,
dr
darren
waters,.
G
G
We
will
be
exploring
exploring
specifically
the
roots
of
disparities,
looking
at
the
history
of
policies
and
practices
that
have
led
to
the
inequities
that
we
see
not
only
locally
but
across
the
state
and
nationally
as
well,
but
before
we
get
started
with
with
an
introduction
of
our
panelists
tonight,
I
want
to
take
to
talk
a
little
bit
about
tonight's
agenda.
G
We'll
have
the
opportunities
we'll
all
have
the
opportunities
for
audience
and
both
questions
and
and
comments
at
several
points
in
the
evening.
I
will
facilitate
questions
from
the
audience.
At
the
end
of
the
night's
program.
We
will
have
a
segment
devoted
to
audience
truth
telling
and
information
sharing.
G
G
So
I'm
sure
that
when
you
came
in
tonight
in
the
concourse,
you
noticed
that
there
were
community
members
who
were
there
who
were
taking
comments
and
video
comments
and
written
comments
from
from
anyone
who
wanted
to
share
those
as
you
walked
in
tonight.
They
will
continue
to
do
that
up
until
nine
o'clock
this
evening,
so
there
will
still
be
opportunities
for
you
to
kind
of
offer
any
comments
or
thoughts
that
you
have
so
with
no
further
ado.
Let's
turn
now
to
tonight's
panel
discussion.
G
G
Let
me
read
just
a
little
bit
more
of
his
biography.
I
know
that
many
of
you
here
in
the
community
know
him,
but
I
don't
want
to
shark
change
him
on
the
things
that
he's
done
over
the
course
of
his
career,
but
james
e
ferguson,
also
known
as
fergie
and
he's.
Given
me
the
permission
to
call
him
fergie,
and
I
told
him
I'd
only
do
that
if
my
mother
was
not
around,
he
was
born
in
the
jim
crow
south
in
asheville
north
carolina
in
1942.
G
His
civil
rights
career
began
early
in
life
when,
as
a
student
at
the
all
black
junior
high
school,
he
began
meeting
with
students
from
from
the
all
white
junior
high
junior
high
to
discuss
issues
of
race.
The
group
became
known
as
the
greater
asheville
interfaith
group
during
that
same
year,
fergie
and
his
students
and
his
student
group
formed
the
asheville
student
committee
on
racial
equality,
which
many
of
us
know
as
a
score,
and
they
work
successfully
to
help
desegregate
lunch
counters,
libraries
and
other
public
facilities.
G
Three
years
later,
he
defended
the
wilmington
10
and
40
years
later
he
was
successful
in
gaining
pardons
of
innocence
for
each
of
them.
In
more
recent
years,
fergie
has
been
successful
and
successful
in
obtaining
a
reduction
of
the
death
sentences
of
life
of
the
death
sentences
of
life
imprisonment,
for
only
for
the
only
four
people
whose
cases
were
decided
under
north
carolina's,
racial
justice
act.
G
The
only
law
of
its
kind
in
the
nation
throughout
his
career
fergie
has
used
his
legal
skills
to
desegregate
schools,
police
departments
and
countless
other
public
and
private
agencies.
He
was
also
successful,
representing
plaintiffs
plaintiffs
in
a
number
of
wrongful
death,
medical
malpractice
and
other
catastrophic
injury
cases.
Fergie
is
good
to
have
you
here.
G
Tonight,
I'm
also
honored
to
introduce
miss
sasha
mitchell,
who
is
well
known
to
our
community
as
well.
She
is
a
family
and
community
historian
in
asheville
north
carolina
over
30
years
of
family
history,
research
has
led
has
led
to
connections
with
thousands
of
families
across
the
country
in
many
distinct
kinship
communities.
G
She
has
located
descendants
of
slaveholders
who
held
her
ancestors
and
others
in
bondage
and
continues
to
gather
records
of
wills,
slave
deeds
and
other
documents
that
hold
the
names
and
family
records
of
people
they
enslaved.
Her
work
has
expanded,
has
expanded
to
encompass
extended
community
groups.
G
Sometimes
church
families
are
neighborhoods
that
are
often
made
up
of
distant
kin
and
whose
life
experiences
are
intertwined,
including
asheville's
african-americans,
whose
roots
in
buncombe
county
go
back
200
years
shining
a
light
on
often
untold
history
is
a
way
that
helps
people
feel
connected
to
the
past
to
each
other,
and
that
is
her
passion.
So
thank
you
for
being
here.
G
Tonight,
finally,
I'm
also
honored
to
introduce
dr
william
turner.
Dr
turner
is
the
fifth
of
ten
children.
He
was
born
in
1946
in
the
coaltown
coal
mining
town
of
lynch
kentucky
in
harlan
county,
his
grandfather's
father,
four
uncles
and
older
brother
were
coal.
Miners
bill
has
spent
his
professional
career,
studying
and
working
on
behalf
of
marginalized
communities,
helping
them
create
opportunities
in
the
larger
world
while
not
abandoning
their
important
cultural
ties.
He
is
best
known
for
his
groundbreaking
research
on
african-american
communities
in
southern
appalachia,
but
bill's
work
is
universal
as
an
academic
and
a
consultant.
G
H
Paint
a
picture
of
the
history
I'll
try
to
do
it
very
quickly.
Of
course,
the
I'd
like
to
start
by
in
terms
of
my
sense
of
history
best
illustrated
when
I
was
a
boy
growing
up
in
harlan
county
kentucky
every
saturday
we
would
pay
a
quarter
to
go
to
the
local
movie.
It
was
called
the
show
and
we
would
see
movies
by
a
man
whose
name
the
star
was
a
fella
named
johnny
weiszmuller.
H
Some
of
you
all
may
be
old
enough
to
remember
him.
He
was
also
known
as
tarzan
of
grace
stoke,
and
this
guy
had
a
tremendous
ability
to
do
things
that
no
other
human
being
could
do.
He
could
talk
to
crocodiles
and
lions
and
he
could
decimate
any
of
those
african
savages
anywhere
in
his
presence,
this
guy
named
tarzan,
and
it
was
unbelievable
what
the
single
white
individual
could
do
in
africa.
So
I
asked
my
granddaddy
I
said
pop.
H
H
I
think
john
hope
franklin
is
perhaps
the
most
distinguished
historian
to
have
ever
graced
a
classroom
or
a
book.
He
wrote
a
book
called
from
slavery
to
freedom.
He
was
one
of
darren's
mentors.
History
is
a
clock.
He
said
that
people
use
to
tell
political
time
of
day,
and
history
is
also
accomplished
that
people
use
to
find
themselves
on
a
map
of
human
geography,
and
I
think,
that's
part
of
what
this
commission
is
trying
to
do.
H
H
I
think
his
name
was
faulkner.
Who
said
the
past
isn't
dead.
It's
not
even
past.
That's
another
place
where
we
are
there.
We
are
north
carolina's
counties
in
blue
that
are
called
the
appalachian
counties
of
north
carolina.
They
all
tend
to
be
north
of
I-40
buncombe,
haywood,
henderson,
jackson,
madison.
Those
are
your
counties.
We're
trying
to
figure
out
what
happened
in
these
counties.
H
Burton
street
east
end
south
side,
shiloh,
stump
town
y'all
heard
any
of
those
very
good.
I
thought
you
might
when
you
study,
asheville
you'll,
see
this
bustling
town
in
the
heart
of
the
mountains,
with
an
african-american
community
that
is
not
isolated
from
the
rest
of
the
town
waters
said,
I'm
sorry
darren.
I
hated
to
pull
you
out
like
that,
but
in
2009
darren
was
doing
some
research
at
unc
on
his
dissertation
and
they
interviewed
him
and
he
did
a
piece
called
more
than
biltmore.
H
I've
studied
in
southern
appalachia,
like
huntsville
and
alabama
chattanooga,
knoxville,
greenville,
spartanburg
and
south
carolina
winston-salem,
bristol
kingsport,
johnson
city,
charleston
and
huntington
asheville
is
like
no
other
spot
for
black
people
in
the
mountains
of
the
south,
particularly
the
un,
the
unusually
high
numbers
of
physicians
and
professional
people
down
here
somewhere
near
the
ymi
now
y'all.
Remember
I'm
from
holland
county
kentucky.
I
don't
know
what
I'm
talking
about
it's
a
red
most
of
the
stuff.
H
H
H
Asheville
has
some
hidden
backstories
look
home
with
angel
the
hidden
history
of
asheville.
You
all
have
read
all
of
those,
I'm
really
sure
it
was
the
best
of
the
best
of
times.
I
missed
something
here.
Let
me
see
that
and
go
backwards.
H
I'm
sorry!
Let's
just
go
ahead.
Do
you
want
to
know
something
about
black
heritage
in
western
north
carolina
this
fellow
here,
linwood
davis,
god
rest
his
soul
in
1984,
wrote
a
piece
called
the
black
heritage
of
western
north
carolina.
You
can
find
it
up
at
the
ramsey
library
at
unc,
and
some
of
you
all
might
know
miss
lucy
herring.
She
does
a
lot
of
fantastic
things
on
family
history
in
this
community.
H
So,
if
you
want
to
know
is
another
place,
you
could
go
to
the
urban
news
five
years
ago.
Six
years
ago,
did
a
piece
called
the
people
places
and
events
to
help
define
asheville
by
johnny
grant
and
the
whole
history
of
black
americans
in
buncombe
county,
fantastic
piece
to
read.
You
can
find
it
online
if
you
want
to
know
something
about
black
heritage
in
western
north
carolina.
Let's
start
here
once
again,
the
past
isn't
dead.
H
It
isn't
even
the
past
on
the
far
right
of
that
slide,
I'm
75
years
old,
so
I've
lived
most
of
the
last
66
years
and,
as
you
see,
generally
speaking,
there
was
399
years
from
1526
until
1865
and
we
had
this
whole
period
of
american
slavery
for
330
years
and
then
for
90
years,
the
life
of
my
grand
great
grandparents
and
my
grandmother
who
was
born
in
1895.
H
H
She
was
recently
denied
a
tenured
post
and
nicole
has
won
the
mech
arthur
prize
as
a
genius.
She
works
for
the
new
york
times
and
nicole
also
did
this
piece
called
1619
last
summer,
but,
as
you
know,
the
persons
andrew
hussman
who,
after
whom
the
school
of
journalism
at
unc,
is
named.
He
owns
a
newspaper
in
arkansas.
I
think
it
is,
and
they
did
not
give
her,
that
tenured
position,
because
they
opposed
the
teaching
of
critical
race
theory
and
I
persuaded
most
people.
H
I
asked
in
the
airport
last
week
what
what
is
critical
race.
They
don't
even
know
what
it
is,
but
they
don't
like
it
and
critical
race
theory
people
there
are
people
who
prefer
that
a
version
of
american
history
be
taught
to
exclude
everything
that
was
bad
and
everything
that
happened
to
native
americans
and
african-americans.
If
you
leave
that
out,
they're
fine
with
history,
that's
why
they
call
it
his
story.
H
That's
a
cherokee
woman
because
the
first
black
appalachians
did
not
live
under
the
control
of
cyrus,
I
like
to
say
cyrus,
vance
or
somebody
else,
zebulon
advance.
The
first
blacks
in
this
area
did
not
live
under
white
planters,
railroad,
builders,
labor
companies
or
mine
operators.
They
lived
over
here
near
bryson
city
north
carolina
in
the
land
of
the
cherokee
people,
and
they
came
there
in
the
1500s
with
some
spanish
explorers.
H
The
labor
of
african
slaves
not
only
have
to
build
asheville,
but
they
fed
clothed
and
served
people
who
are
privileged
all
over
and
people
of
african
heritage
contribute
greatly
to
the
folkways
of
the
south,
and
so
you
can
see
as
that
thing
moves
that
between
1789
and
1861,
you
can
see
how
many
of
the
states
were
red
and
blue.
Isn't
that
interesting?
H
Oh
my
favorite
one!
It
crashed
what
happened?
H
Joseph
didn't
like
that
dude
he
was
born
not
far
from
you
up
on
reems
creek
in
weaverville
and
at
one
point
he
said,
the
blood
of
black
people
contains
a
future
stream
of
african
barbarism
quote:
unquote:
patton
vance,
baird,
woodfin,
weaver,
reynolds,
moore
and
merriman
are
names
around
this
city
for
parks
and
monuments
and
buncombe
county
slaves
were
considered
property
just
like
a
horse
or
a
chicken
or
a
duck,
and,
as
you
can
see
here,
james
patton
had
owned
the
second
largest.
H
H
Many
a
politician
wishes
that
there
was
a
law
to
burn
old
records,
said
my
man
will
rogers,
because
vance
once
said,
the
african
negro,
the
descendants
of
barbarian
tribes
who
for
4
thousand
years
have
contributed
nothing
to
civilization
and
then
right
after
he
was
said
that
he
died
and
his
his
successor
governor
jarvis,
said.
Vance
was
the
mount
mitchell
of
all
great
men
and
in
the
affections
and
love
of
the
people
he
towered
above
them
all
as
ages
to
come,
will
not
be
able
to
moderate
grandeur
and
greatness
of
mount
mitchell.
H
That's
that
once
more,
if
you
can
operate
it
back
there,
please
go
to
the
next
one:
okay,
good.
When
vance
took
office
in
1877,
he
said
if
we
don't
get
a
tunnel
through
out
there
in
swannanoa,
there's
nothing
going
to
be
in
western
north
carolina
and
he
dedicated
his
life
to
building
that
railroad.
However,
few
people
may
know
that
what
they
basically
did.
So,
where
are
we
going
to
get
the
laborers
from?
H
They
went
around
north
carolina
and
collected
black
people
and
considered
them
vagrants
and
they
put
them
in
jail,
and
then
they
leased
them
off
to
the
railroad
companies
and
they
built
the
tree,
and
I
don't
know
why
that
picture
ended
up
with
advanced
on
the
railroad
track.
But
that's
that
was
not
intentional
stripes,
not
stars.
I'll
bet
you.
There
are
some
descendants
of
these
very
people
in
this
town
right
now.
H
We
need
to
find
them
because
125
of
them
died
as
a
direct
result
of
their
ill
treatment,
the
danger
that
worked
and
the
harsh
conditions
and
punishments
made
it
out
to
them
on
them.
Next,
one
please,
mr
miller,
built
a
lot
of
churches
around
here.
I
understand
the
largest
slave
owner.
We
said
before
you
can
read
that
george
vanderbilt
built
the
estates
out
there
in
the
1880s
and
he
bought
some
land
from
black
shiloh
residents.
H
H
You
can
see
that
something
happened,
because
the
population
of
buncombe
county
of
black
people
in
2020
is
the
same
as
it
was
in
nineteen
thirty.
There
were
sixteen
thousand,
so
black
peop,
that's
what
90
years
ago,
it's
a
long
time
ago.
The
population
is
a
it's
an
interesting
kind
of
dynamic.
Next
one,
please
that's
one
thing:
look
how
the
population
of
black
people
dropped
between
1920
and
1960,
and
then
I
have
over
here
in
this
green
box
on
the
left.
H
H
What
factors
accounted
for
the
decline
in
the
black
population
between
1930
and
1970,
because
it
was
4
000,
fewer
black
people
in
that
period,
but
the
black
population
doubled
between
1920
and
1930,
and
so
you
can
see
how
all
these
dynamic
forces
that
were
going
on
with
the
age
of
industrialization
the
building
of
the
railroads?
That's
when
my
grandparents
came
into
the
mountains
to
work
in
the
coal
mines
of
kentucky,
why
didn't
the
black
population
grow?
Like
the
white
population?
H
Look
at
the
white
population
where
it
grew
steadily
every
decade
it
never
failed,
except
1990
for
something
between
80
and
90..
But,
as
you
see
we're
almost
at
258
000
residents
in
this
city,
of
which
a
little
over
16
000
are
african-americans.
It
wasn't
vanderbilt's
idea
to
build
a
ymi.
It
was
a
black
community,
a
man
named
edward
stevens
who,
who
came
up
with
this
idea.
Vanderbilt
loaned
him
some
money.
H
He
contributed
almost
what
is
two
million
dollars
in
today's
currency
and,
as
I
mentioned
more
ago,
the
black
population
double
but
remember
when
they
started
building
these
separate
but
equal
empires
that
was
the
same
year.
1896
of
the
brown,
the
brown
versus
first
wake
up,
plessy
versus
ferguson,
not
james
ferguson,
but
another
ferguson
quakers
built
the
allen
homes
school
next.
One
piece.
H
H
The
class
of
24
was
the
first
one.
The
last
class
was
1965
and
that's
another
thing.
If
we
could
flash
back
real
quickly
and
don't
do
that,
but
if
we
could
go
back
to
that
demographic
trend
line,
you
will
notice
that
a
lava
out
migration
began
again
two
after
they
closed
the
black
schools,
people
left
everybody
got
quiet
all
of
a
sudden
out
there,
next
one
after
maybe
26,
please
go
to
okay
and
one
will
stop
there.
H
Just
a
few
things:
asheville
and
buncombe
county
citizens,
organization,
allen,
homeschool,
the
community
council,
first,
black
policeman,
rumen
reuben
daly,
but
throughout
the
things
I've
read
about
the
african-american
community
in
this
town,
you
always
saw
something
about
dignity
and
faith
and
hard
work
and
self-help,
and
somehow
the
circle
got
broken
and
it's
not
just
the
story
of
asheville.
We
see
it
throughout
the
south.
At
one
time
there
were
more
than
40
black
churches
in
this
city.
H
I
don't
think
it's
that
many
anymore
next
one,
oh
there's
fergie
over
there
on
the
right
again
when
he
was
raised
in
hell.
I
think
they
started
something
with
the
stevens
lee.
Well,
I'm
sure,
and
somehow
I
found
that
attorney
ferguson
was
also
called
bobo
and
I
was
called
bilbo,
so
we
had
a
joke
about
that.
H
But
you
know
when
you
think
about
this
gentleman
sitting
right
up
here,
I'm
so
happy
to
be
on
the
same
place
with
him,
because
he
tried
that
swan
swan
versus
charlotte
mecklenburg
case.
I
mean
that's
a
foundational
case
to
be
in
the
same
room
with
this
gentleman
and
we
thank
you
so
much,
sir,
for
all
the
things
you've
done
one
more.
H
A
lot
of
people
believe
that
there
was
no
election.
That
was
too
a
few
months
ago.
There
are
people
who
won't
compromise
and
repair
the
decrepit
conditions
of
our
infrastructure.
Congress
can't
agree
on
the
john
lewis
voting
rights
bill
january
6
saw
the
most
violent
domestic
insurrection
ever,
but
there
are
people
who
say
it
really
didn't
happen.
It
was
just
people
touring
to
congress
and
what
motivated
a
group
of
these
people
to
attack
the
capital,
they
are
afraid
of
being
replaced.
That's
the
bottom
line.
H
Now,
when
you
can,
if
you
can
argue
that
inside
a
conversation
about
reparations,
god
help
you,
but
that
being
said,
I'm
a
devotee
of
frederick
douglass
and
he
said
if
there
is
no
struggle,
there
is
no
progress.
Those
who
profess
to
favor
freedom
and
yet
deprecate
agitation
are
men
who
want
their
crops
without
plowing
up
the
ground.
They
want
rain
without
thunder
and
lightning.
They
want
the
ocean
without
the
roar
they
struggle.
H
The
struggle
may
be
a
moral
one
or
maybe
a
physical
one,
or
maybe
both
moral
and
physical,
but
there
must
be
a
struggle
and
power
would
concede
nothing
without
a
demand.
It
never
did,
and
it
never
will
so
I
hope
that
you're
prepared
for
that
stevenslee
high
school.
I
bet
they'll
talk
further.
That
final
slide,
I
think
one
more
please
everton
illinois
is
doing
what
you're
doing
burlington
vermont
is
doing
what
you're
doing
providence
rhode
island
is
holding
this
conversation,
but
it's
almost
like
that
mythical
greek
character
named
sis.
H
D
G
As
you
can
see
to
try
to
cover
that
history
in
25
minutes
is
very
difficult
and
there's
so
much
more
to
the
story,
but
I
do
appreciate
how
bill
was
able
to
kind
of
really
kind
of
capture
that
and
summarize
it
for
us,
and
I'm
sure
that
some
of
you
may
be
thinking
or
thinking
about
questions
that
you
might
have
for
bill.
And
so
we
want
to
take
a
few
minutes
here.
G
Just
a
couple
of
minutes
to
invite
comments
or
questions
about
bill's
presentation,
and
just
this
is
an
opportunity
to
pick
his
brain
a
little
bit
here.
So
if
you
have
questions,
I
invite
you
to
just
come
to
the
to
the
microphones
at
the
end
of
the
aisle
and
we'll
take
some
questions
and
bill
is
willing
to
take
questions.
G
F
I
was
wondering
if
you
can
go
into
the
swan
versus
charlotte
mecklenburg
board
of
education.
G
And
yeah,
I'm
thinking
thanks
for
that
question
and
there
will
be
an
opportunity
after
after
fergie
gives
his
presentation
and
if
he
wants
to
address
that
question,
we'll
we'll
save
it
until
then.
Yes,
sir,.
I
Johnson,
great
society,
it's
become
more
well-known
that
redlining
and
just
johnson's
great
society
had
a
outcome
of
it's
it's
this
I
I
I'll.
Let
others
react
to
it,
but
a
statistic:
that's
on
that's
on
the
city
of
asheville
office
of
equity,
inclusion
website
web
web
page
it's
difficult
to
pinpoint,
but
it's
at
a
table
that
shows
it
states
that
71
of
asheville's
african-americans
currently
live
in
public
housing
and
to
me
that's
sort
of
if
you've
taken
business
classes.
I
It's
a
metric
that
sort
of
says
structural
racism-
and
I
didn't
expect
you
to
fit
that
into
your
presentation.
But
I'm
wondering
we're
talking
about
past
policies,
but
as
this
proceeds
into
what
to
do
with
the
future,
you
can
speak
to
this
number,
but
it
seems
like
a
it
seems
like
it's,
not
a
factoid.
Isn't
the
right
term
for
this,
that
it
sort
of
says
segregation
continues
to
me,
but
I'll.
Let
you
hole.
H
H
I
H
Okay,
I'm
I'm
very
quick
to
say
I
don't
know
darren.
D
H
G
H
But
we
do
know
if
I
might
just
put
an
editorial
in
here-
that
public
housing
was
a
post-great
society,
a
lot
more
concentration
and
in
the
conversations
about
repairing
these
wrongs,
I
don't
think
we
ever
need
to
get
into
the
notion
of
reparations
as
a
binary
kind
of
thing.
Either
reparations
or
no
reparations,
because.
H
To
be
some
permutations
whereby
getting
people
out
of
public
housing
and
into
their
own
personal
owned
homes
has
to
be
on
the
table
as
a
public
policy
initiative
that
can
be
undertaken
to
ameliorate
that
situation.
G
And
bill
I
say
we
have
another
question
here
and
before
you
come
up,
I
would
ask
you
this
given,
given
your
area
of
expertise
on
southern
appalachia
are
what
what
is
your
sense
of
asheville
being
a
part
of
southern
appalachia?
Taking
this
move,
are
you
surprised
by
by
the
fact
that
this
conversation
is
initiating
and
starting
here,
do
you
expect
that
this
will
be
a
conversation
that
will
happen
in
other
parts
of
this
region
of
the
south
and
will
it
look
different
from
other
places.
H
H
You
know
it's
a
very
progressive
city.
It
has
had
that
reputation.
I
can
remember
spending
some
time
with
a
person
I'd
like
to
consider
who
taught
me
a
lot
of
stuff
was
alex.
Haley
and
haley
knew
a
lot
about
the
black
mountain
school
that
was
just
here,
and
that
was
a
progressive
place
compared
to
the
highlander
center,
almost
back
in
the
40s,
so
the
the
community
had
we
had
more
time.
The
whole
notion
was
a
tale
of
two
cities
that
on
one
hand
it
has
the
thomas
wolf
kind
of
aura
about
it.
H
That
I
think
many
people
know
more
about
than
I,
but
I'm
thinking
compared
to
those
cities
I
put
up
there
earlier
knoxville
east
tennessee,
tri-cities
area,
kingsport,
bristol
johnson
city,
spartanburg,
greenville
and
then,
since
spartanburg
and
greenville
have
built
their
downtowns
up
in
the
same
way
as
this
city
did
30
or
40
years
ago,
and
of
course,
there's
the
cities
in
west
virginia.
So
there's
there's
some
comparable
studies.
We've
done
looking
at
the
quality
of
life
in
asheville,
but
also
asheville
is
a
very
expensive
city
to
live
in.
J
Hi
good
evening,
thank
you
so
much
for
your
presentation.
My
question
is:
can
you
talk
a
little
bit
more
about
what
accounted
for
the
decline
in
black
buncombe
county
residents,
and
can
you
talk
a
little
bit
about
whether
that
challenge
or
issue
would
point
to
a
potential
solution
or
point
to
what
reparations
could
possibly
look
like.
H
G
J
H
The
african
that
that's
the
64
000
question
for
me,
I'm
not
sure,
because
the
decline
went
from
the
40s
to
the
mid
70s
steadily,
and
it
could
be
related
to
some
shift
in
the
economy
here
or
the
work
where
I
I,
the
largest
employer
that
looks
to
me
around
here
now
is
in
healthcare
what
it
was
before,
I'm
not
sure,
but
for
some
reason
between
that
period,
maybe
it
was
also
part
of
the
larger
black.
H
What
you
might
call
exodus
that
also
took
place
around
the
the
the
country.
I
said
erd
about
how
my
grandparents
moved
into
eastern
kentucky
off
of
the
sharecropper
farm
in
alabama
in
1899,
then
we
had
another
ship
in
the
1960s.
Another
wave
of
black
people
moved
out
of
the
south
and
moved
to
harlem.
They
moved
to
huff.
They
moved
to
cincinnati,
so
I
think,
was
just
part
of
a
larger
shift.
After
the
decision,
people
went
further
north,
but
we're
seeing
a
reversal
in
that
I'd
like
to
commend
you
to
a
book
called
the
devil.
H
You
know,
and
in
this
book
the
author
charles
blow
is
noting
a
return
of
black
people
to
the
south
they're.
Coming
back
to
the
carolinas
charlotte
is
just
exploding
with
people
out
of
dc
and
two
generations
ago
that
people
moved
to
dc
so
they're
coming
back,
and
I
think
that
may
be
something
that
this
town
can
take
advantage
of
in
terms
of
you,
you
may
have
seen,
for
example,
west
virginia
is
paying
people
money
to
move
to
west
virginia
they.
H
Actually,
I
don't
know
how
successful
they're
going
to
be
at
it,
but
they're
doing
that
in
a
number
of
places
getting
people
to
move.
So
I
think
asheville
has
a
leg
up
on
a
lot
of
places
in
terms
of
of
this
fresh
air
that
brought
so
many
people
here
way
back.
You
know
because
it
was
good
for
your
health,
but
I
think
there's
something
else.
H
G
Thank
you,
okay.
Well,
thank
you.
So
thank
you
for
those
questions.
I'm
sure
we'll
come
back
to
some
of
that
discussion,
but
we're
going
to
move
now
to
attorney
james
ferguson
and
and
hear
from
him.
So
thank
you
for
being
here.
Fergie.
K
Thank
you.
Thank
you
darren.
It's
it's
a
great
pleasure
for
me
to
come
back
home.
I've
been
away
from
asheville
since
1960.
K
K
Me
bill
as
you
did
this
wonderful
slide
presentation
you
asked
if
anybody
has
any
questions
about
that.
I
have
one
question
and
it
is:
will
you
give
it
to
me
to
keep
and
look
at
when
I've
got
more
time?
K
So
I'm
thinking
about
growing
up
in
asheville
down
on
a
street
called
vlanton
street.
Some
of
you
may
know
of
it,
which
at
the
time
I
grew
up.
Blatant
street
was
one
of
the
many
all
black
streets
in
the
all-black
communities
that
most
black
people
grew
up
in
in
the
40s
and
50s.
K
K
A
black
person
could
not
get
a
job
even
as
a
garbage
collector.
All
of
the
garbage
collectors
in
asheville
were
white,
so
these
white
men
would
come
into
the
community.
The
ones
that
you
would
see
would
be
hanging
on
the
back
of
a
garbage
truck
and
they
would
pick
up
the
garbage
and
they
would
leave
the
community,
and
I
reflect
back
on
that.
Sometimes
I
say
you
think
about
the
evils
and
ills
of
segregation,
and
you
think
about
growing
up
in
a
community
where
you
couldn't
even
get
a
job
as
a
garbage
collector.
K
For
decades
the
mailmen
were
all
white.
You
couldn't
get
a
job
as
a
mailman
in
asheville
in
the
1940s
and
50s.
Some
of
my
older
brothers
friends
were
the
first
african
amer
american
mailmen
in
the
city,
and
that
says
a
lot,
because
that
doesn't
just
talk
about
asheville
as
a
typical
southern
community,
because
the
job
of
a
mailman
is
a
federal
job.
K
So
we
we
we
grow
up
in.
What's
called
this
progressive
community
and
yet
everything
is
determined
on
the
basis
of
the
color
of
your
skin,
and
some
things
are
a
little
bit
like
what
we're
seeing
now
as
we're
learning
more
and
more
about
the
massacre
in
tulsa
that
happened
in
1921
and
for
almost
a
full
century.
K
K
K
K
On
this
there,
the
asheville
school
board
had
decided
not
to
integrate
liebel's
high
school,
which
looked
like
a
college
campus
at
the
time
and
still
does
in
many
ways
and
some
of
my
friends,
and
I
said
they
had
offered
to
make
some
additions
of
renovations
at
stevens
league
in
light
of
brown,
to
bring
it
up
to
speed
with
leaves
high
school,
but
the
additions
that
they
were
proposing
were
really
little
or
nothing,
I'm
not
even
sure
how
they
could
call
them
additions
to
the
high
school
or
renovations
to
the
high
school.
K
K
We
were
supposed
to
have
had
our
schools
integrated
at
least
six
years
ago,
and
nothing
has
happened
and
they're
talking
about
making
a
few
changes
at
stevens
league.
We
won't
have
that,
so
we
insisted
that
something
more
had
to
change.
If
there
were
going
to
be
additions,
there
had
to
be
additions
that
brought
us
equal,
but
they
were
initially
refused.
K
K
They
changed
those
plans
and
said
they
were
going
to
build
a
new
high
school
at
that
time.
I
suppose
they
were
willing
to
do
anything
other
than
integrate
the
schools,
so
nothing
happened,
but
the
state
but
the
the
new
high
school
for
african-americans
that
was
built
up
the
street
from
the
street.
I
grew
up
on
on
down
on
french
brevard
avenue
was
built
and
it
remained
black
for
all
time,
so
the
sequel
to
all
that
is
that
the
schools
here
were
never
desegregated
during
my
time
in
high
school
or
during
a
number
of
years.
K
K
D
K
K
K
Like
it
did
before
the
swan
decision,
so
in
any
event,
these
things
change,
but
then
they
change
back
and
voluntary
desegregation
in
charlotte,
mecklenburg
and
most
other
places
in
the
south,
even
in
the
country,
do
not
remain
desegregated
long
without
the
intervention
of
the
court.
So
we're
seeing
now
a
reversion
to
the
segregated
school
system
in
charlotte
and
in
other
school
systems
throughout.
G
The
south
so
fergie
can
we
do
this.
Can
we
go
ahead
and
invite
sasha
into
the
conversation
too,
and
then
I
would
like
for
us
to
come
back
to
what
what
you
were
saying
about
this
need
for
there
to
be
government.
You
know
action
on
some
of
these
issues
that
we're
talking
about.
If
that
commitment
is
not
there,
then
there's
kind
of
this
kind
of
reversion
back
to
this
old
model.
So
if
we
can
come
back
to
that,
sasha
I'd
like
to
bring
you
into
the
conversation
and
just
welcome.
Welcome
to
the
conversation.
M
Right
here,
thank
you.
I
just
wanted
to
start
by
saying
my
interest
in
this
topic
and
how
I've
approached
what
I'm
going
to
share
with
you
came
about
because
of
my
work
documenting
the
history
of
so
many
of
buncombe
county's,
african-american
families,
and
I
joke
with
people
that
I
make
ocd
work
for
me,
but
that's
my
way
of
laughing
about
how
I
do
my
my
bulk
research
projects
and
they
balloon
out
to
include
whole
neighborhoods
or
large
family
groups.
I
I'll
stay
up
for
hours
and
catalog.
M
You
know
just
you
know,
loads
of
information,
and
it
had
me
thinking
about
what
the
information
I
was
seeing
would
look
like
in
tables
and
charts,
because
I'm
a
nerd-
and
I
own
that-
and
I
would
see
these
patterns
repeated
over
and
over
again-
and
I
would
just
think
about
you
know.
Oh
this
happened
all
over
the
country.
M
The
same
things
that
happened
in
asheville
with
urban
renewal
happened
all
over
the
country
and
I
just
wanted
to
see
it
on
a
larger
scale.
So
I
think
about
it
in
that
way,
and
another
thing
that
is
important
to
note
about
our
discussions
about
reparations
is
that
because
so
many
american
americans,
educations
and
public
schools
were
taught
through
a
framework
of
white
supremacy,
not
critical
race
theory,
it's
easy
for
many
to
blame
current
racial
disparities
on
the
failure
of
black
families,
they
say.
Well,
you
know
we
had
a
black
president,
look
at
barack
obama.
M
What's
the
matter
with
you
know.
What
more
can
they
want,
and
I
believe
that,
along
with
teaching
critical
race
theory
in
schools,
using
data
about
disparities
in
health,
education,
land
ownership,
death
rates,
etc,
all
these
things
that
I'm
going
to
talk
about
will
help
our
nation
understand
more
graphically
how
injustice
is
affected
and
continue
to
affect
black
black
families,
and
two
framing
notes
I
wanted
to
share
is
that
the
true
cost
of
reparations
is
astronomical.
M
People
are
going
to
be
upset
when
they
hear
numbers,
because
the
idea
of
just
discussing
this
topic,
it
frightens
people,
but
I
would
remind
those
people
that
black
families
have
borne
those
costs
for
generations
and
the
idea
of
black
people
being
able
to
measure
out
all
the
wrongs
that
were
done
by
the
parties
who
inflicted
it
would
be
astronomical
to
think
of
every
hurt.
Every
life
lost
to
cruelty,
every
life,
cut
short
by
violence,
hampered
by
lack
of
education,
lack
of
access
to
medical
care
and
every
other
hurt.
M
M
Far
from
being
harmless
and
benign,
they
have
macro
impact,
they
lower
emotional
well-being,
they
increase
depression
and
negative
feelings.
They
assail
the
mental
health
of
recipients,
so
all
those
things
packed
up
together
not
so
long
ago.
Nobody
called
those
things
microaggressions
and
they
weren't
microaggressions
boys
and
men
could
be
murdered
for
looking
at
a
white
woman
or
even
the
suspicion
of
what
looking
at
a
white
woman.
M
But
in
my
mind,
knowing
those
two
different
things
at
the
outset
of
talking
about
reparations
makes
it
all
the
more
important
that
we
use
whatever
data
we
have
anytime,
we
can
put
a
number
on
something
to
help
inform
this
discussion
because
it
is
going
to
make
people
upset,
but
we're
going
to
talk
about
numbers.
You
know
the
numbers:
don't
lie,
they're
telling
us
a
story
and
they
always
have,
and
so,
since
I've
already
used
up
some
of
my
10
minutes,
I
said
I
will
start
locally
and
work
outward.
M
I
would
begin
with
unequal
infrastructure
improvements
between
black
communities
and
white
communities.
That's
paving
sewer
lines,
grading
lighting
that
were
paid
by
investment
of
tax
dollars
that
were
denied
to
black
communities,
unequal
access
to
education.
We
could
reference
city,
school
data,
unequal
treatment
by
law
enforcement.
We
could
examine
policing
disparities
throughout
history,
as
it
was
recently
highlighted
by
a
code
for
asheville's
work
with
the
naacp
and
their
push
their
efforts
to
push
for
police
accountability
through
data
transparency.
M
I
love
data,
the
housing
authority
of
asheville.
We
could
reference
the
housing
data
and
records
of
urban
renewal
to
quantify
the
value
of
the
property
taken
and
the
amount
of
wealth
lost
in
communities,
and
for
that
you
could
see
the
work
of
unc
asheville,
professor
kathleen
lawler,
among
other
people
who
are
working
on
that.
M
We
could
check
on
the
city
of
asheville
as
an
employer
and
measure
our
black
employees
hired,
promoted
and
paid
at
the
same
rights.
Those
are
government
policies
that
impact
disparities,
and
we
could
also
measure
the
cost
of
isolated
placement
of
housing
like
hillcrest
apartments.
What
does
it
mean
for
residents
of
this
isolated
apartment
that
you
can't?
You
know
it's
cut
off
from
almost
everything
versus
another
housing
area
where
they
have
access
to
the
community
and
other
things
that
you
know
that
hillcrest
residents
don't
have
we
look
out
into
the
county
there.
M
We
could
measure
the
lost
wages
of
enslaved
people
held
by
buncombe
county.
I
don't
know
that
the
city
held
people
in
slavery.
If
that's
true,
then
that's
one
of
the
things
they
could
measure
again
unequal
access
to
health
care.
We
could
reference
county
medical
records,
study,
disparities
in
death
rates,
disability,
maternal
child
and
infant
mortality
and
their
costs
to
society.
M
Unequal
access
to
education,
again,
unequal
treatment
by
law
enforcement.
Look
at
sheriff's
records
the
records
of
stops
arrests
and
treatment
by
police.
What
does
that
added
burden?
Cost
black
families,
unequal
access
to
housing,
examine
county
neighborhood
association
and
hoa
rules
to
ensure
that
fair
housing
laws
are
not
being
broken
in
the
forms
of
racial
exclusion
in
neighborhood
covenants?
M
What
is
the
cost
of
discrimination
in
housing?
Unequal
treatment
by
the
court
system
we
could
follow
through
on
the
criminal
justice
racial
equity
plan?
That's
I
read
about
was
being
created
by
the
safety
and
justice
challenge.
Racial
equity
group
to
address
disparities
at
the
county
level,
and
these
go
back
to
when
the
county
was
furnishing.
Road
crews
and
train
crews
made
up
of
convict
labor
to
today's
justice
justice
disparities.
M
So
it's
that
same
force
at
work,
criminalizing
black
behavior
in
various
ways
in
order
to
sometimes
fund
work,
crews
but
other
other
times
to
fund
the
prison
industrial
complex
and
in
2019
buncombe
county
african
americans
made
up
21
of
the
jail
population,
despite
making
up
only
4.6
of
the
local
population.
M
G
G
Could
we
do
this?
I'm
thinking
thank
you
for
for
offering
this.
Do
you
mind
if,
if
we
stop
for
just
a
few
minutes
here,
not
at
all,
so
we
can
and
then
bring
in
the
audience
for
some
questions,
I
would
love
to
come
back
to
to
the
to
more
of
this.
I
think
you'll
have
a
chance
to
come
back.
Okay,
if
we
do
that,
so
that
we
can
stay
a
little
on
time
here
to
get
to
some
audience
comments
and
questions.
M
G
Okay,
thank
you.
Thank
you.
So
there's
one
thing
that
I
think
is
important
here
in
the
conversation
before
we
turn
to
the
audience
for
questions.
Is
that
the
history
that
you're
providing,
I
think
many
people
probably
don't
know,
and
I
think
that
that's
unfortunate
for
us
as
a
community.
We
don't
know
so,
as
you
all
were
doing
your
presentations
james.
I
think
there
are
a
couple
of
dates
that
stand
out
in
my
mind,
and
I
just
want
to
reference.
G
One
is
1916
the
year
that
carter
g
woodson
founded
the
association
for
the
study
of
negro
life
in
history
and
when
he
founded
that
organization,
he
was
told
at
the
time
that
african-americans
did
not
have
a
history
worth
studying.
You
see
how
deep
and
rich
this
history
is
and
you're
only
getting
a
brief
snippet
of
it
here.
G
It's
the
250th
anniversary
of
the
signing
of
the
declaration
of
independence.
In
the
beginning
of
the
american
revolution.
There
were
ideas
that
we
said
that
we
were
committed
to.
Anyone
has
been
following
conversations
that
my
colleague,
dr
marcus
harvey
and
I
have
been
having
on
the
waters
and
harvey
show.
We
have
been
asking
us
all
to
think
about
those
who
listen
to
the
show,
to
think
about
two
questions:
who
are
we
and
who
do
we
want
to
be
now?
I
think
that
this
gives
us
an
opportunity.
G
You
know
and
our
commitment
to
those
ideas
of
1776
and
what
we
want
this
250th
anniversary
to
look
like
so
I'd
ask
you
just
to
think
about
that,
and
now
what
we'd
like
to
do
we'll
come
back
to
that
as
we
as
we
engage
you
all
in
further
conversation,
but
I'd
like
to
open
it
up
to
the
audience
now
for
the
next
20
minutes,
just
to
see
what
you
all
are
thinking
and
what
you
have
to
say.
So
if
you
have
questions,
please
feel
free
to
come
to
the
microphones
on
each
side.
E
Ladies
and
gentlemen,
dr
turner,
wssu
1975.,
I
just
wanted
to
say
that
I
so
appreciate
all
of
your
work.
I
want
to
let
you
know.
Since
you
mentioned
him,
dr
linwood
davis,
we
hired
him
to
prepare
the
unique
black
heritage
of
western
north
carolina
in
conjunction
with
dr
milton
reddy,
who
was
chairing
chairman
emeritus
at
unc
asheville
with
the
city
of
asheville's
historic
resources.
Commission
I
stand
here.
E
There
are
some
of
us
who
are
native
ash
villians,
despite
our
ability
who
continue
to
be
left
out,
and
we
have
various.
I
really
don't
understand,
and-
and
we
are,
the
data
initiative,
as
ms
mitchell
talked
about,
is
one
in
which
I
chaired
the
naacp's
initiative
here
in
asheville
to
get
written
consent
done,
and
it
was
based
on
data
and
so
forth
and
other
initiatives
as
well.
E
Many
of
the
people
who
need
to
be
here
who
have
been
dramatically
impacted
and
since
I'm
a
native
I'm
one
of
them,
they're
not
in
this
room,
and
they
really
do
need
to
be,
and
so
there
are
some
of
us
who
who
because-
and
I
don't
know
if
you
know
the
answer
to
this
question,
how
do
we
stop
being
excluded?
E
You
know,
sometimes
you
speak
truth
to
power,
and
that
is
the
power
to
exclude
you
and
it
doesn't
matter
how
bright
you
are.
It
doesn't
matter
how
erudite
you
are
either.
E
So
how
do
we
get
involved
after
we've
been
so
long
excluded,
so
long
omitted
and
the
results
are
that
the
people
who
are
most
vulnerable
are
impacted
and
hurt,
and
so,
if
you
look
at
our
demographics
and
our
data,
if
you
will
asheville
ranks
near
the
bottom
in
every
way
for
african
americans,
the
illusion
that
you
talked
about
progressivity
is
just
that.
It
is
an
illusion.
E
We
have
the
widest
achievement
gap
in
the
state
and
the
fifth
worst
in
the
country.
Black
motorists
are
stopped
at
a
higher
rate
than
any
other
black
motorists
in
north
carolina.
Our
mortality
and
morbidity
rates
are
the
highest
and
so
on,
and
black
business
formation
is
the
worst
are
the
lowest
in
the
state
for
black
businesses
and
gross
receipts.
E
How
do
we
use
what
skill
sets
we
have
in
an
environment
that
is
so
hostile
that
has
been
so
hostile
to
us
and
yet
has
produced
absolutely
nothing
for
people
who
need
it
the
most,
and
I
don't
want
to
you
know,
like
you
say
you
don't
know
a
whole
lot
about
asheville,
but
the
numbers
tell
they
tell
the
story.
Is
there?
So
thank
you
for
coming
and
thank
all
of
you
for
your
work.
I
do
appreciate
it.
G
Thank
you
bill
and
james.
All
of
you
would
you
like
to
respond
to
to
those
comments
and
those
questions.
There
was
a
question
in
there
and,
and
you
can
you
think
about
that
people
who
have
felt
marginalized
for
so
long
who
have
been
marginalized
for
so
long?
How
do
we
engage
them
in
this
process
because
I
think
it's
important
for
them
to
feel
that
they're
engaged
in
this
process?
What
what
advice
would
you
offer
for
actually
getting
that
job
started?.
K
Well,
let
me
let
me
just
offer
a
thought
or
two,
because
I
I
think
I
think
you
raise
an
excellent
point
and
I
think
we
do
have
to
find
ways
to
include
the
people
who
have
been
excluded,
but
I
think
in
in
conceptualizing
a
way
to
do
that.
I
think
we
have
to
honestly
think
about
how
it
all
happened,
and
I'm
thinking
now
about
something
you
don't
hear
much
about
these
days.
K
But
when
w.e.b
du
bois
wrote
his
book
black
reconstruction,
one
of
the
things
he
talked
about
was
reputational
wounds
that
black
people
have
suffered
at
the
hands
of
white
people.
He
talked
about
it
in
the
context
of
white
reaction
to
black
reconstruction,
and
he
was
absolutely
right
about
that,
because
when
the
argument
was
made
in
the
south
that
emancipating
the
slaves
was
a
terrible
thing,
they
picked
up
the
theme
of
damaging
the
reputation
of
black
people.
K
K
K
Blacks
were
finally
nominally
emancipated
from
slavery
for
a
little
while
and
then
almost
immediately
put
back
into
conditions
that
were
slave-like
or
worse
than
slaver
post-reconstruction,
and
it
was
all
done
on
the
theory
that
here
were
these
savages
and
cannibals
who
came
from
africa
and
now
you're
talking
about
putting
them
in
the
legislature,
you're
talking
about
putting
them
in
positions,
they've
never
had
before
and
they're
inferior
intellectually.
K
This
was
not
just
southern
white
politicians
talking
about
it,
but
it
was
picked
up
on
by
the
academic
community
columbia
university.
Where
I
went
to
law.
School
was
a
partner
in
that
johns.
Hopkins
was
a
partner
in
that,
so
we've
had
centuries
of
wounds
and
injuries
to
blacks,
and
that's
what
white
supremacy
is
all
about,
and
it
it's
still
affects
whites.
It
even
affects
blacks
without
even
knowing
it
and
when
we
talk
about
reparations,
we've
got
to
do
reparations
for
that
wound.
That
is
still
there
and
still
festering.
G
So
james,
thank
you
so
much
for
that.
I
think
that's
something
for
us
to
really
think
about
reputational
wound
and
how
does
that
factor
into
these
into
our
discussions
around
repair
and
in
reparations?
Are
there
any
other
questions?
Yes,
sir,.
N
Hi,
my
name
is
roy
harris
and
I've
been
living
in
asheville
since
1983
and
attorney
ferguson.
Your
street
is
changing
blanton
street,
it's
probably
half
and
half
now
white
and
black.
Very
few
kids
are
on
blanton
street
at
this
time.
In
fact,
when
I
hear
that
a
kid
giggling
in
that
neighborhood,
I
stay
right
around
the
corner.
N
I
jump
for
joy
because
I
hear
very
and
believe
it
or
not
the
birds
even
left
our
neighborhood
when
birds
leave
your
neighborhood,
your
neighborhood
is
in
trouble,
but
just
to
say
that
one
of
the
things
quickly
is
that
I
just
finished
my
71st
year
on
this
earth
and
last
month
april
of
may
I
decided
to
celebrate
my
birthday
by
using
this
theme
to
boldly
go
where
no
brother
has
gone
before,
and
my
first
trip
was.
N
Not
one
of
us
are
farmers
anymore,
and
so,
as
I
boldly
try
to
go
where
no
brother
has
gone
before,
I
found
some
of
those
places.
In
fact,
I
found
one
just
a
few
moments
ago,
I
stopped
over
at
mount
zion
parked.
My
car
went
in
to
check
the
building
started
across
walking
across
here
to
across
the
city.
N
I
saw
one
brother
and
he
was
a
buster
down
on
the
corner.
Here
I
saw
one
black
female
who,
I
won't
say,
is
homeless
or
houseless
more
houseless
than
anything,
and
we
had
a
conversation
here
and
her
conversation
was
around.
Someone
had
talked
about
lifa
and
the
police,
and
she
was
all
excited
about
that.
N
N
K
G
Thank
you,
and
this
is
why
I
think
some
of
the
the
solutions
and
that
you
were
offering
sasha
become
so
important
for
us
to
think
about
to
to
stem
that
trend
and
to
hopefully
reverse
that
trend
so
we'll
come
back.
I
want
to
come
back
to
your
your
presentation
and
ideas
that
you
were
offering,
but
we'll
go
to
the
next
person
to
get
this
next
comment.
Question
good
evening.
O
O
I
I
get
emotional
when
I
talk
about
it
and
a
lot
of
my
classmates.
They
we
talk
about
it
together
and,
as
I
listen
to
you,
dr
ferguson,
talking
about
stevenslee
and
desegregation
the
riot
that
they
called
of
1969
at
ashford
high
school.
I
was
a
sophomore.
I
was
still
a
kid.
O
O
Is
there
any
way?
When
I
look
at
reparations
there
were
some
classmates,
some
seniors
that
were
expelled
because
they
said
they
incited
the
riot
which
they
did
not
do,
would
reparation
be
a
part
of
maybe
they'll
be
able
to
get
their
diploma.
Would
they
be
able
to
get
recognition
for
being
part
of
our
school
system?
O
My
heart
still
today.
I
would
love
to
see
a
proclamation
in
september
of
healing
for
that
that
day,
because
it
still
impacts
me.
I
don't
know
how
it
impacts.
Other
people-
people
don't
like
to
talk
about
it,
but
it
was
so
horrifying
and
to
come
back
into
the
school
system
and
have
the
national
guard
armory
there
in
the
schools.
O
You
could
not
talk,
they
treated
us
as
if
we
were
criminals
and
we
were
just
kids
and
I
I
think
that
I
probably
need
help
for
that,
because
I
can
never
get
over
it
because
it
brings
me
to
tears.
We
were
dehumanized,
we
had
to
run,
nobody
cared
how
we
got
home,
we
had
to
run
from
asheville
high.
A
lot
of
people
had
to
walk
if
you
knew
somebody
with
a
car,
but
I
feel
for
the
people
that
did
not
incite
the
riot,
but
they
were
expelled
and
never
could
come
back.
O
Is
that
a
part
of
reparation
that
if
we
had
proclamation
for
healing,
because
I
do
have
some
white
friends
that
that
have
said
that
they
saw
the
difference
in
the
way
we
treated
them
after
that
riot,
which
they
hadn't,
they
didn't
even
know
what
was
going
on,
but
I
want
to
know
if
that's
part
of
reparation,
you
know
it's
it's
it's
a.
It
would
bring
back
some
healing
for
me
because
of
the
injustice
of
that
day,
and
we
were
just
kids
even
though
we
were
teenagers.
O
We
were
kids
and
I
know
I'm
gonna
call
you
out
sandra.
You
were
there,
she
was
there,
some
people
don't
like
to
talk
about
it.
They
don't
like
to
talk
about
it,
but
I
have
to
talk
about
it
because
I
it
still
hurts
me.
It
still
brings
me
to
tears
and
if
it
can
it
somehow
is
that
part
of
reparation
to
have
some
healing
for
that.
That's
my
question.
G
M
This
is
the
very
beginning,
as
far
as
I
know,
it
is
the
very
beginning
of
this
process.
This
let's
look
at
the
past,
and
then
there
will
be
a
look
at
the
present
in
the
future
and
then
there
will
be
the
formation
of
the
race
of
the
reparations
commission
and,
during
first
of
all,
my
notes.
I'm
planning
to
hand
over
to
the
commission
to
share
these
resources
and
this
work
and
the
stories
that
you're
sharing
that's
part
of
it.
M
M
It's
also
about
making
sure
that
it
and
then
promising
that
it
will
never
happen
again,
and
you
know
the
the
very
thing
you're
talking
about
that's
a
city
school
that
falls
into
a
city
school
disparity
that
it
there's
a.
I
may
have
missed
some
categories
in
the
list
here
and
I
hope
someone
will
add
them
in,
but
that
is
one
of
them.
M
M
That's
not
saying
it's
going
to
be
the
amount,
but
we
could
at
least
come
up
with
some
figures,
but
for
other
things
we'll
say
you
know
what
those
students
need
an
apology
and
maybe
a
diploma
and
a
recognition
that
they,
you
know,
that's
a
way
of
making
reparations
to
them.
So
I
think,
obviously
that
would
have
to
be
a
part
of
this
process
and
there
will
be
a
place
for
that.
I
hope
that
the
reparations
committee
will
have
the
same
kind
of
resources
that
the
vance
monument
committee
had
they
had.
M
They
had
money
and
resources
and
people
to
come
in
and
talk
and
teach
about
things
for
the
community
to
know
and
listening
sessions
and
chances
for
public
comment.
So
a
lot
of
different
opportunities
to
engage
with
the
community
hearing
from
people
who
have
not
been
included
in
the
conversation
and
really
efforts
to
engage
in
the
community
reaching
out.
I
know
it's
not
always
done
as
well
as
it
should
be,
but
there
are
ways
to
you
know,
be
that
squeaky
wheel
and
say:
hey.
M
G
Just
stop
there
right!
Thank
you
sasha!
So
what
I?
What
I'd
like
to
do
deborah,
if
I
can
have
permission
to
to
kind
of
change
it
up
a
little
bit
here
there.
There
were
some
of
you
who
did
sign
up
for
comment
and
if
you
did
I'd
like
to
invite
you
to
go
ahead
and
make
your
way
to
one
of
the
microphones
on
the
isles
and
also
we
have
some
folks
who
are
joining
us
online.
L
Hi,
thank
you
all
so
much
for
being
here
and
having
this
conversation,
my
name
is
kyla
morton
and
I
am
the
granddaughter
of
the
late
reverend
niles
and
christine
avery.
They
moved
here
in
the
50s
to
come
and
be
the
pastor
of
hill
street
church,
but
really
hard
for
black
adam.
L
He
was
a
part
of
the
sit-ins
at
woolworth,
and
I
hate
that
mr
ferguson
is
not
here
because
I'd
like
to
know
if
there's
a
connection
there,
but
my
question
is
on
behalf
of
my
mother:
what
needs
to
happen
for
the
function
of
asheville
to
change
it's
hard
to
live
here.
I
just
recently
moved
here
from
greensboro,
and
I
got
here
and
the
cost
of
living
is
ridiculous.
Jobs
are
hard
to
find
and
my
friends
are
not
moving
here
because
of
that,
and
these
are
young
black
professionals.
G
Sasha,
do
you
want
to
and
bill
do
you
want
to
respond?
I
mean
this.
These
are
part
of
conversations
that
we've
been
having,
and
these
are
part
of
conversations
that
we've
been
talking
about
about.
G
H
I
want
to
go
back
to
the
lady
who
was
here
earlier,
who
mentioned
people
being
so
marginalized.
The
lady
who
mentioned
linwood
davis,
I
wanted
to
say
something
here:
I've
grown
up
across
the
grown
up.
My
journey
has
been
from
what
brother
ferguson
was
talking
about
with
regard
to.
I
was
born
in
the
mid
40s,
so
I
knew
abject
segregation
and
then
I
watched
this
period
of
integration
and
then
the
current
kind
of
zeitgeist.
H
You
know
one
of
the
things
that
occurs
to
me
that
I
don't
like
to
talk
out
loud
about,
and
that
is
when
we
talked
of
the
dismantling
of
the
school
system
that
place
that
nourished
us
and-
and
even
it
seems-
and
I
would
say
this
basically
to
young
people-
is
never
confuse
the
idea
that
things
just
happen
on
a
social
sphere.
H
People
make
things
happen.
You
know
everything
happens
for
a
reason,
for
example,
rosa
parks,
they
say
started
this
revolution
with
that
bus
boycott
and
people.
Think
too
many
people
think
that
that
was
a
spontaneous
reaction
of
this
tired,
sweet,
little
seamstress.
Who
said
I
was
tired
and
I'm
not
going
no
way.
Rosa
parks,
john
lewis,
stokely
carmichael,
martin
luther
king,
a
whole
host
of
ralph
abernathy's
and
the
the
people
out
of
the
south.
They
met
at
the
highlander
center
in
east
tennessee
over
here
near
knoxville,
and
they
planned
that
revolution.
H
It
just
didn't
happen,
so
I
think
that
there
are
people
in
this
room.
You
have
to
make
this
stuff
happen
otherwise,
and
you
can
plan
it
out.
I'm
sure
that
the
conveners
of
this
conversation
know
that
martin
luther
king
once
said,
if
you
come
upon
a
fire
and
you
try
to
extinguish
that
fire,
you
know
he's
using
his
metaphors
about.
Segregation
was
a
fire,
a
fiery
furnace
and
he
said.
H
But
if
you
come
up
on
a
fire
and
you
put
water
on
that
fire
and
that
fire
doesn't
go
out,
you
do
not
assume
that
water
doesn't
consume
fire.
You
just
assume
that
you
didn't
have
enough
water,
and
so
he
said,
go
get
some
more
well.
I
think
we're
at
a
point
where
it
is
not
about
the
the
water
anymore,
because
all
of
us
know
that
certain
kind
of
fires
cannot
be
extinguished
by
water.
It
takes
a
different
chemical.
H
To
put
it
out
we're
living
in
a
whole
different
world,
it's
a
different
kind
of
fire,
so
you
can't
get
involved
and
sneak
like.
I
did
when
I
was
20,
because
there's
so
many
things
are
decentralized.
The
black
lives
matter
movement,
for
example.
It's
a
very
decentralized
movement,
there's
no
who's
a
leader
in
asheville.
H
You
know
who,
who
is
the
most
influential
person,
says
rem?
So,
and
so
you
know
we
saw
a
period
where
such
leaders
were
literally
picked
off
and
removed
off
of
the
scene
through
the
most
violent
means.
You
can
imagine,
because
people
knew
that
charismatic
leaders
can
cause
movements
heck.
We
saw
one
in
the
last
few
years
and
on
pennsylvania,
avenue
you'd,
be
surprised
what
kind
of
charismatic
people
go
different
ways,
so
my
point
would
be
get
organized
organization,
I
hate
to
say
it,
but
some
of
the
most
disorganized
people
in
the
world.
H
Oh
lord,
this
it
is
an
organizational
principle
and
it
you
know
we
can
always
talk
about
these
things
used
to
take
place
in
our
churches.
I
had
a
graphic
up
there
about
this,
70
or
so
percent
of
the
population
who
doesn't
believe
this
and
doesn't
believe
that
they
go
to
church
every
sunday.
They
are
evangelical
type
christians
and
so
until
white
ministers,
for
example,
stop
doing
like
billy,
graham
amen.
H
Some
of
these
things
need
to
happen
amongst
white
christians
in
their
churches,
and
they
need
to
talk
about
this.
We
don't
have
very
many,
william
barbers
in
the
world,
either
so
that
in
the
black
church,
that's
where
that
conversation
should
be
going
on.
How
do
we
unify
people,
but
then
there's
this
kind
of
bifurcation.
It's
like.
If
you
talk
black,
will
that
push
away
some
of
your
white
friends?
How
much
do
I
have
to
feel
to
myself?
So
my
white
friend
doesn't
think
I'm
talking
about
her
well
she's
got
to
get
over
that.
H
You
know.
That's
not
my
thing.
I'm
75!
I
do
not
have
time
anymore
to
convince
somebody
that
I'm
not
talking
about
you
honey.
You
see,
so
I
think
that
a
great
responsibility
as
to
where
this
goes
can
be
organized.
I
mean
all
of
you
remember
the
day
after
the
presidential
election
in
2016,
millions
of
women
showed
up
in
washington.
H
Do
you
remember
that
millions
they
just
showed
up,
but
they
didn't
just
show
up
they
organized
long
before
they
were
going
to
show
up
in
washington
and
they
showed
up
by
the
millions
with
the
pink
hats
on
y'all.
Remember
that,
oh
you
don't
remember
that!
Well,
all
I'm
saying
is
that
we
saw
so
much
organization
last
summer.
H
As
a
result
of
the
death
of
george
floyd,
I
went
to
hazard
kentucky
where
you
can
get
all
the
black
people
in
a
phone
booth,
and
I
know
many
of
y'all
don't
know
what
a
phone
booth
is,
but
I'm
saying
I
saw
young
whites
and
young
blacks
in
a
multi-racial
coalitions
for
the
george
flawed
murder
in
eastern
kentucky
cold
camps,
little
villages-
you
would
never.
I
mean
it
was
so
incongruous
to
me
because
it
was
like
seeing
blacks
for
trump
and
I'm
not
being
political.
Here.
H
Don't
get
me
wrong,
but
when
you
saw
young
black
and
white
people
out
together,
not
just
black
and
white,
but
we're
talking
about
people
from
across
the
ethnic
spectrum
in
america,
george
floyd's
murder,
galvanized
that
stop
waiting
around
for
another
catastrophe,
you
know
get
organized
organization
is
the
basis
of
all
political
power
people
get
organized
and
they
they.
There
are
so
many
media
through
which
people
can
get
organized.
You
can
bring
these
young
people
in
ways
that
my
grandchildren
do
with
their
phones.
That
papa
doesn't
really
understand,
but
they
they
can
do
this.
They
can.
H
You
can
create
things
and
I
hope
you
will
bring
young
people
into
this
conversation
very
heavily
because
through
spoken
word
through
the
whole
culture
of
hip-hop.
H
That
brings
in
white
kids
and
kids,
who
are
black
and
kids,
who
are
brown
and
kids
who
have
asian
backgrounds
and
kids,
who
have
all
sorts
of
backgrounds,
and
so
it
is
the
young
people
who
are
our
hope
for
the
future,
because
I
can
remember
being
so
involved
when
I
was
19
when
I
was
20.
so
make
your
mama
and
daddy
worry
about
you,
like
mine,
worried
about
me.
Billy
gonna
get
killed
out
there
because
it
was
very
dangerous.
H
Well,
it's
more
dangerous
nowadays,
there's
more
gun,
violence
and
stuff
in
america
today
than
it
was
when
I
was
a
kid
when
we
had
the
clan
running
around.
So
I'm
just
kind
of
rambling
on
here,
but
part
of
what
I
must
say
is
that,
in
contrast
to
my
day
and
fergus
day,
there
was
a
kind
of
cohesiveness
in
the
african-american
community.
That
was
psychological
and
it
grew
out
of
those
segregated
spaces.
When
you
broke
those
when
you,
when
those
segregated
spaces
were
broken
up,
it
tended
to
leave
a
void
in
terms
of
trustworthiness.
H
You
know
we
used
to
go
from
my
hometown
down
to
gsbn
alabama
on
a
friday
night
for
a
voter
registration
thing
and
everybody
just
bring
us
in
like
nothing
well.
Nowadays,
I'm
almost
afraid
to
talk
to
another
young
person
in
the
7-eleven
with
his
parents
hanging
down,
because
we.
H
You
know,
and
so
a
lot
of
these
people
are
not
going
to
change
we're
not
going
to
change
them.
Let
me
convince
you
to
look
at
an
article
by
frohm.
What's
his
first
name
david
from
new
york
times,
he
wrote
a
piece
a
few
months
ago
called
the
impossibility
of
reparations,
fantastic
piece
david
from
two
m's
on
it.
I
think,
and
it's
a
great
read
and
of
course
go
back
to
the
young
fellow,
what's
his
name,
who
did
it
in
the
atlantic
five
or
ten
years
ago?
H
Tonight,
coach,
yeah,
yeah,
tanisha
coach's
piece
on
reparations
and
I
think
that
has
to
be
fundamental
reading
for
everybody,
and
maybe
everybody
doesn't
like
to
read,
but
that
might
be
one
of
the
problems
is
that
people
are
coming
up
with
these
ideas
and
it's
hard
to
have
a
battle
of
the
witch
with
somebody
who
is
unarmed,
so
people
aren't
reading,
and
so
you
get
to
talking
to
them
about
it
and
they'll
miss
your
point
because
we
have
to
get
some
common
readings.
So
maybe
the
community
should
consider.
H
Is
there
something
we
might
want
to
read
in
common
and
and
have
a
conversation.
G
P
And
I
grew
up
in
the
deep
south
I
mean
the
deep
south
and
I
went
to
atlanta
university
school
of
social
work,
because
my
black
grandfather
adopted
wrote
a
letter
from
me
and
said
this
little
white
boy
is
different,
so
I
was
abused
emotionally
growing
up,
not
physically.
I
had
a
silver
spoon,
but
women
are
organizing
and
organized
blacks
are
organizing
and
organized.
P
P
I
know
because
I
you
have
to
laugh
at
this.
I've
got
revolutionary
blood
in
my
veins,
but
it's
not
physical,
it's
not
war.
The
hell
was
born
and
my
direct
descendant
was
the
guy
at
22
years
old
that
went
up
into
the
old
north
church
and
hung
the
light
out
to
kick
king
george's,
butt
out
of
america,
but
this
is
the
most
powerful
time,
including
the
60s
or
any
other
time
that
we've
got
a
chance,
so
get
involved,
invoke
and
work
for
people
like
the
lady
that
spoke
up
here
before
that
you
referenced.
P
G
So
I
want
to
ask
right
now
I
think
we
do
have
callers
who
are
online.
Do
we
want
to
turn
to
one
of
those
callers,
those
who
are
handling
that
in
the
back,
can
we
bring.
D
G
N
Q
My
name
is
sydney
bach.
I
was
blown
up
here
by
a
bad
girl
called
katrina
in
new
orleans
many
years
ago,
and
actually
I
trump
all
of
you
old
men
here
tonight-
I'll
be
83
in
november.
Q
But,
as
a
lawyer,
I
respect
what
I
consider
to
be
the
law
in
our
constitution
and
I'm
afraid
that
I
stand
before
you
as
a
harbinger
of
some,
perhaps
difficult
suggestions
and
opinion
that
many
of
you
may
find
disagreeable
or
not
welcome.
Q
Q
Q
Q
I
did
not
experience
what
many
of
you
have
to
go
through,
and
I
had
a
very
privileged
life
I
must
say,
but
I
do
have
feelings
and
thoughts,
but
a
respect
for
the
law,
and
this
is
these-
are
my
prepared
remarks
out
of
respect
for
the
law,
but
with
a
view
and
hope
that
time
will
pass
and
people
will
become
more
educated
and
more
decent.
Q
I
am
just
telling
you
like.
I
see
it,
I'm
engaged
in
a
conversation
with
you.
I
know
this
does
not
sit
well
with
many
people
here,
but
we
are
a
nation
of
laws
and
I
would
suggest
that
if
you
want
to
get
involved
with
reparations,
given
the
current
state
of
the
federal
court's
decisions,
I
think
the
only
way
through
is
going
to
be
in
the
courts
and
through
the
law.
G
Okay,
well,
thank
you
so
much,
mr
bach,
for
your
comments.
What
we're
going
to
do
our
we're
at
7,
55
and
our
end
time
is
scheduled
for
8
o'clock,
but
I'm
going
to
just
take
an
extra
give
us
an
extra
10
minutes
and
I
would
like
to-
and
I
know
james
you
would
love
to
respond
to
this.
This
is
a
conversation
we've
had
before.
So
I'm
going
to
just
invite
you
to
respond
to
this
comment
and
then
sasha
you
and
then
we'll
begin
wrapping
things
up.
K
K
K
M
Yeah,
the
only
other
comment
I
wanted
to
add
in
to
mr
ferguson's
that
this
is
a
concern
that
has
come
up
in
my
mind
when
we
talk
about
how
to
fix
some
of
asheville's
problems
with
housing,
affordable
housing-
and
that
is
supposing
that
asheville
said.
Okay,
we're
going
to
set
aside
a
whole
bunch,
more
housing
for
people
under
the
federal
poverty
limit.
Well,
people
under
the
federal
poverty
limit,
many
black
people
in
asheville
fall
under
there.
M
M
So
one
of
the
ways
around
that
is
to
apply
reparations
to
the
descendants
of
people
who
lived
in
certain
areas
or
in
certain
properties.
There
are
many
different
ways
to
remove
race
from
the
equation
and
still
make
sure
that
the
right
people
get
what
they
should,
and
I
just
wanted
to
add
really
quickly
in
response
to
the
young
lady
who
mentioned
about
housing.
M
We're
still.
This
is
all
very
new
here,
but
when
the
time
comes
with
the
asheville
reparations
committee
to
look
at
ideas,
I'm
sure
there'll
be
some
brainstorming,
but
one
of
the
ideas
just
to
throw
out
there
would
be
what
if
there
is
vacant
land
that
was
taken
during
urban
renewal
that
was
specifically
set
aside
for
descendants
of
black
residents
for
affordable
housing.
M
I'm
not
saying
that's
one
of
the
things
on
the
list,
but
what
if
it
was
there
are
things
that
people
you
know
with
our
vast
room,
full
of
talent
and
people
that
are
going
to
join
on
that
committee
and
the
people
in
the
public
who
are
going
to
comment
and
share
their
ideas
and
thoughts
that
they're.
You
know
there
are
things
that
we
can
do.
Surely
the
city
may
partner
with
the
county
and
have
some
lands
that
that
could
be
set
aside
or
money
to
help
subsidize
housing,
but
they
must
do
something.
M
The
projections
going
forward
for
the
city
are
grim
and
I
think
asheville
when
they
made
this
reparations
resolution,
did
it
with
all
good
intent
and
they
with
plans
to
follow
through,
maybe
didn't
know
what
they
were
in.
For
or
what
what
form
it
was
going
to
take,
but
it's
on
it's
our
job
as
community
members
to
push
them
to
the
highest
response
that
we
can
and
I'll
step
there.
Thank
you.
G
So,
thank
you
sasha
for
that,
so
we're
at
801
there's
one
thing
that
I
want
to
do
we'll
real
quickly
with
the
three
panelists
to
ask
them.
One
question
before
we
invite
michael
hayes
and
his
team
back
up
to
kind
of
close
us
out
two
things
I
want
to
say
before
I
ask
you
a
question
one
at
least
one
thing:
I
want
to
thank
the
city
council,
the
members
of
the
city
council
and
the
city's
leadership
team
under
deborah
for
the
hard
work
that
they're
putting
into
just
this
phase
of
this.
G
Work
we
don't
always
as
as
members
of
the
the
community,
we
don't
always
get
to
see
behind
the
scenes
and
the
thoughtful
way
that
they
they
go
about
the
work
that
they
do.
I've
had
that
opportunity
and
that
privilege
with
deborah
and
her
team
the
past
few
weeks
and
just
watching
them
really
work
through
how
these
conversations
would
unfold
has
deepened
my
appreciation
for
that
work.
So
I
thank
you
for
what
you
all
are
doing,
and
this
is
going
to
be
a
great
ongoing
conversation.
G
I
think
I
I'm
the
type
of
person
who
loves
to
just
be
in
conversation
with
people,
so
I
could
sit
up
here
all
night
and
just
listen
to
these
stories.
So
this
is
going
to
be
a
good
body
of
work
to
give
to
the
commission
once
it
is
seated,
and
that
is
the
idea.
So
we
hope
that
you
will
continue
to
be
engaged
in
the
next
two
conversations
around
this,
as
this
information
is
compiled
to
be
to
make
it
available
to
them.
G
But
as
we
get
ready
to
close
out
here,
there's
one
question:
I
do
want
to
ask
you,
and
that
is
this
real
quickly.
What
is
one
thing
that
you
think
the
city
should
do
or
could
do
within
the
next
six
months
to
really
make
a
difference
in
this
area
and
to
begin
this
process
of
repair?
One
thing
bill,
we'll
start
with
you.
H
I
would
suggest
a
structured
program
to
engage
young
people,
that's
bring
them
together
in
in
conversations
interracial
conversations
and
and
present
them
with
some
readings.
I
hate
to
go,
I'm
a
teacher
at
heart,
but
so
that
everybody
can
get
on
the
same
page.
If
I
might,
for
example,
to
the
gentleman
who
spoke
against
this
little
notion
of
it's
got
to
be
no
reparations
or
reparations.
H
Today's
newspaper,
somebody
who
read
it
other
than
me
might
remember,
but
in
today's
newspaper,
was
an
example
of
something
that
the
city
and
the
county
can
repair.
That
has
its
origins
in
what
we're
talking
about,
and
it
was
about
a
devastating
dumping
and
toxic
waste
fields
and
brown
fields
somewhere
in
a
black
community
in
the
south
side
of
ashland
ashland
asheville.
It
was
in
today's
paper
and
it
was
about
environmental
racism,
so
the
city
can
begin
to
look
at
physical
spaces.
That
say
we
can
repair
that
we
can.
We
that's
a
low-hanging
fruit.
M
I
would
say
the
one
thing
the
city
could
do
is
commit
to
the
same
to
a
similar
process,
as
was
undertaken
with
the
events
monument
committee.
M
K
Well,
first
of
all,
I
want
to
commend
the
city
for
doing
this
and
I'll
take
a
point
of
personal
privilege
and
I'll
share,
something
with
all
of
you
that
you
don't
know
really
the
reason
this
is
being
carried
out
under
the
able
leadership
of
your
city
manager.
Deborah
campbell,
is
that
charlotte
sent
me
up
here
to
begin
working
on
getting
her
back
down
to
charlotte
to
do
the
same.
D
K
But
in
a
very
serious
and-
and
I
do
commend
you
there
for
all
the
good
work
you
have
done,
and
I
commend
the
city
council
as
well
for
undertaking
this.
If
you
notice
the
the
four
cities
you
listed
up
there
bill
when
you
did,
your
slideshow
asheville
was
the
only
southern
city
on
the
list,
so
things
like
that
should
not
go
unnoticed.
K
But
the
one
thing
I
want
to
say
is
that,
while
this
is
a
reparations
commission
and
not
a
truth
and
reconciliation,
commission,
the
work
of
this
commission,
no
matter
how
much
money
you
put
into
it,
will
not
be
successful
until
we
can
address
issues
like
the
young
lady
raised
about
what
happened
down
at
lee
evers.
When
you
know
anytime,
you
get
three
more
than
three
black
people
together,
it's
a
it's
a
right.
I
don't
care
what
they
came
together
for.
G
G
We
want
this
to
be
an
ongoing
conversation
as
well,
so
we
hope
that
we
can
kind
of
come
back
to
you
at
some
point,
as
this
process
unfolds
to
continue
to
kind
of
pick
your
brain
for
your
expertise
on
this
and
that
you
will
engage
in
the
conversation
deborah.
I
want
to
thank
you
for
again
for
the
work
that
you
and
your
team
have
put
into
this
and
for
all
of
the
city's
leaders
for
undertaking
this
process
and
giving
me
the
opportunity
to
participate.
G
I'd
like
to
now
just
invite
you
to
be
back
again
with
us
next
thursday
next
thursday
night
for
to
continue
this
conversation.
As
we
look
at
the
present,
where
are
we
now?
We've
heard
a
lot
of
history
as
a
historian.
I
hope
that
you
will
continue
to
engage
the
past
and
read
history.
Develop
a
great
understanding.
Bill
started
his
out
with
this.
With
this
quote,
I
often
quote
bruce
springsteen,
who
said
the
past
is
never
the
past
is
always
present
and
we
better
deal
with
it
all
right,
we'll
get
us.
G
A
F
A
That
energy
that
might
be
stored
in
you
right
now,
because
this
was
kind
of
hard.
I
do
want
to
say
this-
miss
d
williams.
She
says
something
that
was
so
profound
because
you
know
she's
a
she's,
a
true
advocate
for
the
community.
A
I
think
it's
important
that
everybody
here
tells
a
friend
to
tell
a
friend
and
tell
a
friend.
There
is
no
way
we
should
have
this
feel
of
people,
especially
those
who,
out
there,
that's
really
fighting
for
the
community
and
fighting
for
the
cause
of
the
community
to
actually
miss
out
on
this
and
miss
out
on
next
thursday
and
thursday.
After
so,
I
know
I
just
stepped
out
of
my
scope
of
work.
What
I'm
called
to
do,
but
I
just
had
to
put
that
out
for
the
benefit
of
my
community,
so.
C
A
All
right,
so
what
we're
gonna
do
now
we're
gonna
do
a
reset
exercise
for
you.
First
of
all,
did
everybody
did
everybody
get
what
they
came
here
for
you
know,
we
started
a
conversation
that
we
can
continue
having
right
right.
I
think
so
too.
So,
let's
go
to
a
reset.
You
ready
mc.
I.
C
Am
I'm
ready?
Do
you
guys,
remember
mr
rogers
beautiful
day
in
the
neighborhood?
Would
you
be
mine
when
he
was
young?
His
mother
always
told
him
when
he
was
watching
the
news
and
he
would
see
some
horrible
things
always
remember
the
helpers.
There
are
always
people
helping
so
with
resources
for
resilience.
C
So
I'm
going
to
teach
you
a
tool
now
called
highlight
where
we're
going
to
remember
who
or
what's
helping
you
so
right
now,
asheville
as
you're,
going
through
this
very
difficult
time
and
you're
having
these
trying
difficult
situations
around
the
conversation
of
reparations,
I'm
going
to
ask
you
to
cast
your
eyes
down,
because
you
may
not
feel
safe
enough
in
this
room
to
close
your
eyes.
If
you
do,
god
bless
you,
and
I
want
you
to
think
about
who
or
what
is
helping
you
get
through
this
hard
time.
C
A
Thank
you
emc,
so
that's
it
for
us.
We
hope
you
guys
have
a
great
evening.
We
hope
you
guys
really
receive
what
you
came
here
for,
and
we
look
forward
to
being
here
with
you
all
next
thursday,
on
the
10th
and
we'll
start
with
resiliency
exercises
at
about
5
30.
So
you
all
enjoy
the
rest
of
the
week
enjoy
your
weekend,
and
we
will
see
you
next
week.