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From YouTube: Beaufort History Moment: Phosphate Mining
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A
This
is
Larry
Roland.
This
is
the
Beaufort
County
moment.
The
subject
of
this
moment
is
the
phosphate
industry
lost
to
folks
today,
but
the
artifacts
of
the
phosphate
industry
are
around
us.
If
we
look
for
them,
phosphates
were
known
in
South
Carolina.
Before
the
Civil
War.
They
were
first
discovered
up
around
Somerville
and
north
of
Charleston.
It's
known
as
moral
and
beneath
the
Marl
was
the
phosphate
Rock,
geologists
and
scientists
knew
about.
It.
A
Phosphate
was
very
important
to
the
agricultural
of
the
South,
because
it
is
the
basis
of
most
fertilizer
and
many
of
the
cotton
lands
of
the
Old
South
were
much
exhausted
by
the
cotton
industry
before
the
war.
So
after
the
Civil
War,
the
phosphate
industry
was
introduced
first
in
Charleston
in
1867.
A
and
then
looking
for
beds
of
high
content
phosphate
Rock.
These
phosphate
explorers
and
entrepreneurs
discovered
Beaufort
County.
The
next
30
Years
Beaufort
County
became
the
primary
source
of
phosphate
in
the
United
States
and
one
of
the
richest
sources
of
phosphates,
known
in
the
world
between
1870
and
1900..
A
This
became
the
center
of
the
mining
part
of
the
phosphate
industry.
Many
of
this
fertilizer
factories
were
in
Charleston,
but
the
mining
and
the
phosphate
works
as
they
call
them
where
they
broke,
the
rock
down
into
powder
and
the
pure
phosphate
and
shipped
it
out.
Those
industrial
centers
were
mostly
in
Beaufort
County.
At
the
height
of
this
industry
in
the
1880s
3000
beaufortonians
were
employed
in
the
phosphate
business.
It
paid
good
wages,
five
dollars
a
day
in
many
cases,
was
a
rule
of
thumb.
A
The
phosphate
industry
between
1870
and
1900
was
the
largest
industry
in
the
history
of
Beaufort
County,
and
the
largest
mining
industry
in
the
history
of
the
state
of
South.
Carolina
and
people
have
pretty
much
forgotten
about
it,
but
it
was
the
source
of
great
prosperity
in
Beaufort
County
between
1870
and
1890,
the
population
of
Beaufort
County
grew
Bay.
Street
became
a
financial
and
Commercial
Center
phosphate
Works,
in
other
words
factories
where
they
burned
the
phosphate
Rock
and
broke
it
down
into
powder.
A
Tennessee
was
richer
phosphate
and
eventually
it
put
these
phosphate
mines
out
of
business
phosphate
in
Beaufort
County,
the
river
rock,
as
it
was
called
in
those
days,
was
60
percent
pure
phosphate,
which
in
1870
was
the
best
in
the
country
by
1888.
The
Florida
Rock
was
80
percent,
pure
phosphate,
and
the
economics
of
that
simply
put
the
Beaver
County
phosphate
business
out
of
business.
A
The
coosaw
Mining
Company
stopped
mining
in
1905.,
the
Virginia
Carolina
company
tried
to
consolidate
some
of
the
old
works
and
finally
went
bankrupt
in
1914,
and
that
was
The
Bitter
End
of
the
phosphate
business
consequence
of
the
end
of
the
phosphate
business
was
the
beginning
of
the
great
Exodus
of
the
African-American
population
of
the
sea.
Islands
without
good
wage
jobs
began
to
move
north
and
depopulated
much
of
Beaufort
County.
A
The
other
event
which
hastened
the
demise
of
the
phosphate
industry
in
Beaver
County
was,
of
course,
the
great
hurricane
of
1893,
which
was
one
of
the
10
largest
hurricanes
and
most
destructive
hurricanes
ever
to
hit
the
United
States
killed
as
many
as
2
000
people
on
the
sea
Islands
and
wrecked
the
phosphate
Fleet.
So
the
investors
in
phosphate
Fleet
moved
their
Capital
to
Florida
and
the
phosphate
business
declined
in
Beaufort
County.
This
is
Larry
Roland.
This
has
been
a
Beaufort
County
moment
to.