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From YouTube: Understanding Alzheimer's
Description
Mayor Martin J. Walsh and the Alzheimer's Association host an educational program providing insight into understanding Alzheimer's disease and dementia and contrasting that with typical memory changes we all may experience.
A
A
Hi
there
thank
you
for
joining
me
for
understanding
Alzheimer's.
My
name
is:
will
writer
and
I'm
the
vice
president
of
outreach
and
education
for
the
Massachusetts
New
Hampshire
chapter
of
the
Alzheimer's
Association
and
I'm
here,
because
the
city
of
Boston
is
part
of
the
Alzheimer's
workplace
alliance
and
what
that
is?
You
have
some
information
with
you
there's
a
purple
flyer
that
basically
talks
about
it,
but
I'm
going
to
say
a
few
words
about
what
the
Alzheimer's
workplace
alliances,
but
before
I
do
I'm
just
curious.
A
A
Think
it's
one
of
the
most
common
concerns
in
terms
of
changes
in
memory
because
for
all
of
us,
regardless
of
your
family
history
or
background
in
terms
of
Alzheimer's
or
dementia,
we
start
to
experience
changes
in
our
memory
in
our
40s
that
are
not
the
significant
serious
changes
that
might
be
part
of
Alzheimer's,
but
certainly
are
things
that
we
start
noticing
and
I.
Will
part
of
today's
program
is
to
talk
about
the
ten
warning
signs
to
help.
A
So
people
are
concerned
about
their
memory,
I'm
curious,
how
many
people
know
someone
who
is
either
had
or
has
Alzheimer's
or
related
dementia,
so
again
a
lot
of
people.
So
that's
pretty
common,
because
Alzheimer's
is
a
growing
concern
and
I'm
going
to
talk
a
little
bit
about
the
demographics
and
what's
going
on
and
why
Alzheimer's
has
actually
been
around
for
a
long
time.
It
was
first
diagnosed
in
1906
by
dr.
alois
alzheimer
that's
why
we
have
that
strange
name.
A
That's
so
hard
to
pronounce
he
diagnosed
a
patient
due
to
the
plaques
and
tangles
on
autopsy
that
he
saw
to
make
a
diagnosis,
so
I'll
talk
about
the
the
cause
of
the
disease
and
what
we
know
about
it
I
think.
Let
me
go
back
to
the
Alzheimer's
workplace
Alliance,
so
the
Alzheimer's
Association
is
the
largest
voluntary
health
organization
in
the
world,
and
our
primary
focus
is
to
End
Alzheimer's.
A
We
believe
that
by
you
know
grassroots
movements
of
getting
people
to
be
proactive
about
the
disease
and
advocating
for
funding
for
research
to
find
real
and
effective
treatments
and
to
encourage
family
members
that
are
impacted
to
to
come
together
to
ask
for
better
public
policy
that
we
can
make
a
difference
with
this
disease
and
the
Alzheimer's
workplace.
Alliance
is
a
program
that
the
Association
started
about
five
years
ago,
essentially
saying
to
civic
organizations
and
businesses.
A
We
want
you
to
be
joining
with
us
to
be
doing
education,
helping
us
reach
out
to
employees
who
might
be
impacted
themselves
or
maybe,
as
a
supervisor,
someone
that
reports
to
you
is
impacted
by
this
disease.
So
the
city
of
Boston
we're
very
happy
the
largest
city
in
the
u.s.
that
designed
the
Alzheimer's
workplace
alliance.
Mayor
Walsh
said
this
is
an
important
21st
century
health
crisis
and
we
want
to
make
sure
that
our
employees
and
their
families
know
about
Alzheimer's.
A
Next
slide,
so
in
today's
program,
I'm
going
to
talk
a
little
bit
about
the
facts
and
figures:
how
many
people
currently
in
the
u.s.
have
Alzheimer's
what's
going
on
in
terms
of
the
increase?
And
what
do
we
anticipate
mid-century
I'm,
going
to
talk
a
little
bit
about
the
financial
cost
of
the
disease?
Alzheimer's
and
related
dementias
are
one
of
the
most
expensive
illnesses
because
it
goes
on
for
a
long
period
of
time
and
ultimately,
the
person
with
Alzheimer's
needs
24-hour
care
and
assistance
either
within
the
home
or
in
a
care
setting.
A
So
you
can
imagine
in
terms
of
Medicare
costs
and
Medicaid
costs.
It's
really
a
driver
in
terms
of
a
huge
amount
of
financial
burden
on
our
society.
There's
also
a
burden
to
the
family
member
who
has
someone
that
they're
trying
to
provide
care
and
support
to
and
I'll
talk
a
little
bit
about
that
then
I'm
going
to
talk
about
what
is
Alzheimer's
and
dementia.
So
a
lot
of
people
have
heard
both
words
but
are
kind
of
confused
about.
Are
they
the
same?
Are
they
different?
Sometimes
people
think
well.
A
B
C
A
A
So
I'm
just
going
to
rephrase
that
short
in
a
short
way,
and
that
is
that
the
the
segment
about
you
know
in
the
top
10
leading
causes
of
death,
and,
frankly,
sooner
or
later,
we
all
do
pass
on
from
something.
But
you
know:
I
I
personally
want
to
have
a
major
heart
attack
or
stroke
at
like
95
late
at
night,
and
then
I
just
go
to
the
great
beyond.
A
That's
that's
what
I've
put
in
a
request
for,
but
we
don't
all
get
what
we
want
when
it
comes
to
that,
and
we
have
been
very,
very
good
in
the
past
20
to
30
years
in
investing
in
treatments
for
conditions
which
used
to
be
the
cause
of
someone's
demise,
so
a
heart
attack
and
a
stroke,
even
even
aids.
There
are
treatments
now
that
help
these
conditions
either
be
maintained
at
a
chronic
level
or
prevent
a
major
attack.
A
Alzheimer's
disease
is
the
only
disease
in
the
top
10
leading
causes
of
death,
for
which
we
have
no
cure,
for
which
we
know
have
no
treatment
that
actually
alters
the
disease
process,
so
we've
probably
heard
about
our
assessed
or
razza
Dean
or
reminyl
memantine.
These
are
all
fda-approved
medications,
but
they
actually
just
help
the
person
function
better,
so
they
help
messenger
chemicals
that
are
in
the
brain,
to
fire,
better
and
and
and
transfer
messages
better.
But
those
treatments
don't
stop
the
progression
of
the
disease.
A
So
what
we
want
more
than
anything,
is
a
way
to
stop
the
disease
as
we
move
forward
another
another
fact
in
the
video
that
I
I
think
kind
of
really
gives
you
a
perspective.
It
says
if
every
caregiver
of
someone
with
Alzheimer's
lived
in
a
single
state,
it
would
be
the
fifth
largest
state
in
the
US
and
they
show
I,
think
Illinois
and
maybe
Florida.
So
that's
a
lot
of
people.
Currently,
there
are
four
five
point.
A
Three
five
point:
four
million
people
in
the
US
with
Alzheimer's
disease
it
mentioned
there
are
about
fifteen
million
caregivers
so
for
every
person,
there's
usually
more
than
one
person,
that's
supporting
and
assisting
them.
So
there's
a
lot
of
people
involved
in
the
family.
You
talked
about.
We
don't
really
know
about
Alzheimer's.
A
You
know
I'm,
not
sure,
there's
been
any
major
studies
into
why
this
disease
is
sort
of
a
secret.
Certainly,
it
is
devastating,
certainly
the
fact
that
we
don't
have
a
treatment,
I'm
wondering
whether
there's
maybe
a
little
bit
of
ageism
involved
in
that
you
know
the
greatest
risk
for
developing
the
disease,
for
any
of
us
is
getting
older.
A
So
if
we
look
at
numbers,
65
and
older,
if
you're
in
that
group,
65
and
older
about
one
out
of
nine
people
in
that
group,
so
65
on
up
has
Alzheimer's
or
some
type
of
dementia
at
85
and
up
it's
one
out
of
three.
So
we
all
want
to
have
a
wonderful
golden
retirement
and
live
independently
and
you
know
travel
but
unfortunately,
for
many
people
as
we
get
older,
the
disease
becomes
part
of
what
happens.
We're
going
to
go
to
the
next
slide
next
slide.
So
here
this.
A
A
So
what
you
can
see
is
that's
the
group
that
grows
the
most,
but
then
we
also
have
the
second-tier
group,
the
purple
age
75
to
84,
which
is
also
growing
so
the
biggest
risk
and
the
biggest
factor
that
impacts
these
numbers,
as
we
say,
going
towards
2050
with
thirteen
point.
Eight
million
people
in
the
u.s.
A
People
with
Alzheimer's
and
dementia
have
more
difficulty
controlling
their
other
health
conditions,
and/or
their
family
caregivers
because
of
their
changes
in
cognition
and
ability
to
manage
and
control
medications,
or
certainly
someone
who's
diabetic
and
has
Alzheimer's
is
going
to
have
more
difficulty
managing
that
disease.
So
there's
an
expense
if
we
don't
do
something
about
this
disease
going
forward
next
slide
for
family
caregivers.
A
So
this
is
this
is
where
my
work
mainly
focuses
on
and
I
just
wanted
to
acknowledge
that
I've
had
Alzheimer's
on
both
sides
of
my
family.
So
my
grandmother
on
my
father's
side,
developed
Alzheimer's
after
she
had
a
number
of
strokes
and
I,
have
an
aunt
that
just
passed
away
earlier
this
year
on
my
mother's
side,
who
had
Alzheimer's
so
I,
know
that
for
my
family
there
were
a
lot
of
challenges
in
getting
a
diagnosis.
A
My
family
lives
in
suburban
Philadelphia,
so
not
in
the
Greater
Boston
area,
but
for
my
aunt
getting
her
doctor
to
use
the
a-word,
it
just
seemed
like
she
was
really
reluctant
and
she
kept
saying
things
like
well.
What
do
you
expect
in
your
aunt
at
85?
Well,
I
expect
her
to
know
what
season
it
is
and
not
to
go
out
in
the
winter
to
rake
the
leaves
at
10:00
p.m.
at
night
and
I
expect
her
to
be
able
to.
A
Also,
people
with
Alzheimer's
or
dementia
might
have
periodic
outbursts
or
disagreements
with
a
person,
that's
caring
for
them
and
that
can
be
very
upsetting
for
the
caregiver.
A
person
who's
had
a
lifelong
relationship
with
them.
The
the
spouse
or
partner
or
the
son
or
daughter,
and
it's
important,
that
family
members
learn
how
to
better,
communicate
and
prevent
those
kinds
of
arguments
and
disagreements,
which
is
one
of
the
things
that
we
offer
classes
for
family
caregivers.
A
Another
challenge
is
families
are
not
always
in
agree.
You
know,
sometimes
the
local
caregiver
who
lives
near
the
person
with
Alzheimer's
is
quite
aware
of
what's
going
on,
but
the
sibling
who
lives
in
California
doesn't
feel
that
there's
a
problem
and
so
there's
challenges
in
not
everyone
being
on
the
same
page,
and
that's
not
that
uncommon
next
slide.
A
So
we
present
this
information
because,
as
part
of
an
organization
or
a
corporation,
you
may
have
employees
that
you
supervise
that
our
family
caregivers
and
might
be
experiencing
some
of
the
challenges
that
I
just
talked
about
there.
There
are
quite
a
few
people
that
are
working
and
providing
care.
A
It
says
who
is
a
caregiver,
so
sixty
percent
are
women
about
sixty-six
percent
to
be
exact
and
fifty
percent
are
employed,
full-time
or
part-time
and
twenty-six
percent
of
caregivers,
not
only
caring
for
a
family
member
with
Alzheimer's,
but
also
children
under
the
age
of
eighteen
and
before
I.
Forget
I
just
want
to
mention
one
other
thing
that
I
haven't
said
yet
so
the
greatest
risk
factor
for
Alzheimer's
is
age
and
it's
much
more
common
for
people
to
develop
the
symptoms
and
be
diagnosed
at
65
and
older.
A
But
there
are
people
that
develop
Alzheimer's
earlier
than
that,
so
people
that
start
experiencing
the
symptoms
in
their
50s
and
even
40s,
but
it's
much
rarer.
So
if
we,
if
we
talk
about
5.4
million
people
in
the
US
with
Alzheimer's,
currently
there
are
about
200,000
people
in
the
US
who
have
what
we
call
younger
onset.
So
the
symptoms
have
started
before
65.
A
Most
of
those
people
are,
you
know
in
the
60
to
65
range,
but
there
are
individuals
that
develop
it
earlier
and
it's
usually
a
much
more
rare
form
when
I
talk
about
genetic.
So
I'll
talk
about
that
a
little
bit
more.
Next
slide
so
now
I'm
going
to
talk
about
Alzheimer's
and
dementia
and
give
a
clearer
perspective
on
what
is
this
disease
and
what
are
the
warning
signs
next
slide?
A
You
can't
remember
name
the
title
of
film
you're
talking
about
it
in
the
moment
it's
kind
of
stuck
somewhere
and
then
five
minutes
later
you
go
back
to
your
office
and
boom.
It
comes
up
that
the
movie
that
you
saw
I
had
Meryl
Streep
in
it.
You
know,
and
then
you
figure
it
out.
So
that
kind
of
thing
where
things
get
stuck,
but
then
you
find
them
later
much
more
common
in
40s,
50s
and
older.
A
The
good
news
is,
usually
you
remember
those
things,
so
that
means
that
your
hippocampus,
which
is
the
filing
cattle
of
the
brain,
is
still
working.
It's
just
maybe
something
else
like
how
many
of
you
ever
feel
stress
at
work.
Do
you
ever
feel,
like
you're
stressed
out
nobody
everyone's
just
shaking
their
head?
Okay,
so
stress
easily
impacts
memory
or,
if
you
don't
get
enough
sleep
or
if
you're
a
little
bit
under
the
weather,
that
can
impact
that
kind
of
a
system.
A
Another
thing
that's
harder
for
us,
as
we
get
older,
is
to
do
several
things
at
once.
I've
always
considered
myself.
A
pretty
good
multitasker
like
I,
have
multiple
projects
and
I
can
keep
track
of
what
I
need
to
do
now
and
what
I
need
to
do
in
an
hour.
I
found
that
I
need
to
rely
more
on.
You
know,
writing
a
list
track
following
a
system
that
I
can't
just
rely
on
myself
to
remember
what
to
do
when,
but
these
kinds
of
changes
are
not
as
severe
as
the
warning
signs
of
Alzheimer's.
So
next
slide.
A
A
So
the
first
warning
sign
number
one
is
memory
loss
that
disrupts
daily
life
and
that
can
be
highlighted
most
specifically
in
a
person
who
seems
to
forget
something
that
happened
completely,
not
just
a
detail,
not
a
bit
of
a
conversation,
but
family
members
often
notice
the
person
that
they're
concerned
about
ask
them
a
question
and
they
go
off
maybe
to
watch
TV
and
35
minutes
later
they
come
back
into
the
kitchen
and
they
ask
the
same
question
again.
You
know
when's
my
when's,
my
doctor's
appointment
and
the
caregiver.
A
The
family
member
tells
them
it's
this
Friday
at
10:00
a.m.
they
go
off.
They
seem
satisfied
next
thing.
You
know
they
come
back
and
they
asked
the
same
question
this
time.
They're
more
emphatic,
you
know
you
got
to
remind
me
about
my
doctor's
appointment.
If
you
don't
help
me
I'm
going
to
forget
about
it,
so
they
ask
the
same
thing:
they
forget
that
the
conversation
ever
happened.
A
That's
that's
a
warning
sign
that
things
are
not
going
into
short-term
memory,
so
that
would
be
a
very
good
reason
to
go
and
get
a
diagnosis
too
is
challenges
in
planning
or
solving
problems.
So
you
know
when
you
balance
a
checkbook.
There
are
multiple
steps
involved,
there's
mathematical
figuring
that
goes
on.
You
have
to
do
things
in
a
certain
order.
A
A
Often
what
happens
over
time
is
the
deterioration
in
the
brain
caused
by
Alzheimer's
impacts,
the
segments
of
the
brain
that
relate
to
visual
perception,
understanding.
What
what
you
see
misinterpreting
what
you
see
is
much
more
common,
so
that
would
be
an
example
of
warning.
Sign
number
five
number
six
is
new
problems
with
speaking
writing
or
reading.
So
sometimes
family
members
will
notice
that
the
person
is
starting
to
talk
a
lot
slower.
They
need
more
time
to
process
a
response
or
to
be
part
of
an
engaging
conversation.
A
It's
kind
of
halting
conversation.
That
would
be
something
that
people
would
notice,
seven
misplacing
things
and
losing
the
ability
to
retrace
steps.
So
I
am
notorious
for
losing
things
especially
important
things
like
tax
forms
or
reports,
or
so
it's
not
necessarily
occasionally
misplacing
something,
but
families
will
notice
things
in
totally
nonsensical
places,
so
a
person's
glasses
will
be
in
the
freezer
or
a
person's
false
teeth
will
be
in
the
garage
or
the
keys
will
be
under
the
bed.
A
So
putting
things
in
places
that
don't
make
any
sense
is
one
of
the
things
that
families
will
sometimes
experience.
Number
eight
is
decreased
or
poor
judgment
I'm
going
to
hold
off
on
that
one
number:
nine
is
withdrawal
from
work
or
social
activities,
so
the
person
that
is
experiencing
these
issues
or
challenges
they
may
not.
They
may
not
have
insight
or
understand
what's
going
on,
but
they
may
feel
a
sense
of
general
anxiety,
so
sometimes
people
that
are
going
through
these
warning
signs
withdraw
and
they
don't
they
don't
go
to
they
stop
going
to
church.
A
They
stop
going
to
the
Senior
Center,
a
person
might
stay
in
their
office
and
not
come
out
unless
they
have
to
come
out.
That
might
be
a
an
example,
though
some
of
us
might
do
that
anyway,
without
being
a
warning
sign,
but
in
this
instance
that
is
a
warning,
sign
number
ten
changes
in
mood
or
personality
so
that
family
members
may
notice
that
the
person
is
much
more
easily
agitated
or
anxious
or
upset,
or
sometimes
even
that
they're
much
let
more
carefree.
They
don't
seem
as
concerned
about
things
as
they
used
to
be.
A
Any
change
in
personality
might
be
related
to
this
illness
and
number
eight
decreased
or
poor
judgment,
so
that
depends
on
the
person
and
their
baseline
and
what
they've
always
been
like
in
their
life.
So
if,
if
the
person
always
made
bad
decisions
about
their
career
or
their
spouse
or
their
use
of
alcohol,
you
know
that's
their
baseline.
A
If
someone
has
always
been
really
good
at
saving
money
and
only
spending
it
on
the
necessities
and
now
late
in
life,
they're
buying
a
lot
of
things,
they
don't
need,
like
multiple
small
appliances
and
storing
them
in
a
guest
room
that
would
be
sort
of
a
change
in
their
behavior.
That
would
seem
unusual
and
in
the
mix
of
things
might
say,
let's,
let's
figure
out
what's
going
on,
so
any
questions
or
comments
about
the
ten
warning
signs.
Has
anyone
ever
seen
these
in
someone
that
they've
been
concerned
about?
A
Yes,
yes,
which,
which
is
the
one
that
you've
all
of
them?
Okay,
so
the
symptoms
to
be
clear
in
terms
of
getting
a
diagnosis,
usually
a
family
member
would
not
see
them
all
at
once.
Usually
when
it
starts
the
person
would
notice
the
memory
loss
challenges
like
the
repeated
questions
or
forgetting
that
yesterday
their
daughter
visited
and
then
one
of
the
other
challenges
that
these
symptoms
become
more
apparent
and
more
present
for
all
people
with
Alzheimer's
as
they
move
along
the
continuum
to
a
diagnosis.
Yes,.
E
A
A
We
need
more
research
into
the
different
risk
factors,
but
that
that
certainly
is
true.
Okay,
any
other
comments
or
questions
about
the
ten
warning
signs
we're
going
to
move
on
then
to
Alzheimer's
and
dementia.
So
I
mentioned
confusion
around
dementia
and
what
is
it
so?
Dementia
is
not
in
and
of
itself
a
specific
disease
diagnosis,
it's
kind
of
a
diagnostic
syndrome.
A
Physicians
use
the
word
dementia
when
a
person
is
experiencing
some
of
those
warning
signs
that
we've
already
just
talked
about,
underneath
that
umbrella
term
of
dementia
are
some
things
that
are
treatable
and
then
other
diseases
which
are
currently
not
treatable,
Alzheimer's
disease,
being
the
biggest
irreversible,
not
treatable.
Dementia.
Alzheimer's
disease
caught
accounts
for
about
sixty
to
eighty
percent
of
dementia,
but
there
are
other
illnesses
called
vascular
dementia,
which
is
somewhat
different.
Then
Alzheimer's,
vascular,
dementia,
is
caused
by
a
blockage
in
the
brain
or
mini
series
of
mini-strokes
or
stroke
activity,
but
not
not
everyone.
A
That
has
a
stroke
or
many
strokes,
necessarily
developed,
vascular
dementia,
but
it
can
be
the
result
of
that
kind
of
brain
activity.
Lewy
body
dementia,
is
caused
by
Lewy
bodies
and
which
is
another
type
of
brain
anomaly
and
Lewy
body
dementia
in
the
early
stages,
looks
more
like
Parkinson's,
because
it
has
some
of
the
physical
manifestations
of
Parkinson's
such
as
the
tremoring
or
the
stiffness
and
frontotemporal
dementia,
which
starts
in
the
front.
Oh
and
the
frontal
lobe
and
the
temp
loads
of
the
brain
and
actually
early
in
the
disease,
can
look
very
different
from
Alzheimer's.
A
So
it's
more
behavioral
and
less
related
to
memory
and
thinking
problems,
treatable
dementia.
So
what
are
we
talking
about?
So
a
brain
tumor
can
cause
dementia
symptoms.
Changes
in
cognition
changes
in
memory,
changes
in
function,
but
a
brain
tumor
in
in
some
instances
can
ultimately
be
treated
and
the
person
hopefully
returns
to
normal
function.
A
Hydrocephalus,
which
is
a
collection
of
fluid
on
the
brain,
can
cause
dementia
and
that
can
be
treated
one
way
by
shunting
to
release
the
pressure.
It
also,
then
often
helps
the
person
return
to
a
previous
level
of
function.
So
Alzheimer's
disease
is
currently
irreversible.
It's
progressive,
it
destroys
brain
cells.
So
in
a
moment,
you'll
see
a
slide,
a
brain
scan
where
the
plaques
and
tangles,
which
are
the
hallmarks
of
Alzheimer's
form
in
the
brain,
caused
the
brain,
neurons
or
brain
cells
to
die
over
time,
and
it
changes
the
the
mass
of
the
brain.
A
It
changes
the
it
impacts
very
seriously
some
important
parts
of
the
brain
and
that's
what
causes
the
ongoing
deterioration
and
destruction
next
slide.
So
this
is
a
scan
of
a
normal
brain
you'll,
see
the
the
neurons
we
have
about
a
hundred
billion
brain
cells
and
then
in
between
those
hundred
billion
brain
cells.
We
have
these
things
called
synapses
or
tendrils,
which
across
which
the
the
messages,
the
electrical
messages
fire
and
communicate
in
the
brain.
What
happens
is
amyloid
precursor
protein,
which
is
a
naturally
occurring
protein
in
the
brain?
A
We
don't
actually
know
what
it
does,
but
what
happens
is
it
gets
cut?
It
gets
cleaved
twice
and
some
instances
that
on
the
second
cleaving,
they
they
malformed
and
they
collect
to
form
these
amyloid
plaques
in
between
the
brain
cells
and
the
other
major
culprits
that
we
understand
our
tau
that
once
again
occur
in
the
brain.
Naturally,
tau
occurs
within
the
brain
cell
and
it's
actually
part
of
what
creates
the
structure
of
the
brain
cell
and
the
tau
proteins.
Something
happens
to
the
structure
of
that
protein.
A
It
collapses
and
it
creates
tangles
North
Beverly
tangles,
which
actually
occur
in
the
brain
cell
and
so
from
within
and
without
there's
this
destructive
process
on
the
brain
next
slide.
And
then
what
happens
is
on
the
on
this
side.
You
can
see
a
brain
scan
of
someone
who
passed
away
from
advanced
Alzheimer's
verses,
a
healthy
brain.
So
what
looks
different
so
it's
smaller!
It's
shrunken!
It's
actually
less
and
weight
a
healthy
brain.
If
we
opened
up
the
top
of
my
skull,
hopefully
I
have
a
healthy
brain.
A
It
would
be
about
three
pounds
for
someone
with
Alzheimer's.
It
can
deteriorate
down
to
as
little
as
one
pound.
So
there's
a
lot
of
loss
in
terms
of
the
brain
mass
and
then
you
can
also
see
that
some
of
these
ventricles
have
increased
because
of
the
loss
of
brain
mass
and
brain
matter.
These
open
areas
become
larger,
and
then
this
is
actually
that
thing
I
mentioned
called
the
hippocampus,
which
is
the
filing
cabinet,
the
the
part
of
the
brain,
that's
so
important
for
storing
new
memories.
A
It's
gone,
it's
kind
of
disappeared,
which
is
why
people
have
so
much
trouble,
remembering
something
that
they've
just
been
told
or
something
that
they've
just
experienced
so
next
slide.
So
I'm
going
to
take
another
break
for
a
minute
and
see
if
anybody
has
questions
about
Alzheimer's
or
dementia,
anybody
want
to
ask
anything
now.
Yes,.
A
That
is,
that
is
our
hope.
So
the
question
was
can't
we
do
something
to
prevent
the
build-up
of
the
plaque
and
the
tangles.
So
that's
what
a
lot
of
research
is
for
years
has
been
taking
place.
But
in
fact,
just
a
year
ago
the
federal
government
funded
the
first
u.s.
funded
prevention
study
and
it's
recruiting
subjects
here
in
Boston
and
internationally,
so
that
they're
recruiting
subjects
in
Canada
and
Australia,
and
it's
actually
looking
at
people
who
do
not
yet
have
the
diagnoseable
symptoms
of
Alzheimer's,
but
on
a
brain
scan,
show
through
a
dye.
A
F
A
There's
a
lot
of
thoughts
on
why
that
maybe
was
the
disease
there
all
along,
and
it's
just
that
the
person
in
this
new
unknown
setting
people
are
noticing
it
and
it
kind
of
emerges
or
in
fact
there's
something
about
the
disease
process.
The
person
has
pneumonia
or
some
other
illness
that
really
kicks
the
disease
into
high
gear.
There's
in
terms
of
earlier
I,
don't
know
if
you
were
asking
about
trauma
earlier
on
a
person's
life
there
there
hasn't
been
enough
research
or
anything
conclusive
about
that
I
mean
I.
You
know.
F
F
B
A
So,
in
terms
of
the
research
that
I
talked
about,
where
we're
looking
at
people
pre
symptoms,
so
asymptomatic
Alzheimer's.
What
we're
also
able
to
see
through
those
kinds
of
studies
is
that
Alzheimer's
really
starts
years
and
years
before
the
symptoms
are
expressed.
So
this
buildup
of
beta
amyloid
plaque
and
tau
tangles
that
that
starts
escalating
five
to
ten
years
before
a
person
starts
showing
symptoms
doesn't
mean
that
some
other
crisis
might
escalate
that
process.
But
it
wouldn't
suggest
that
that
that
sort
of
traumatic
experience
at
75
it
is
what
initiates
the
disease.
Okay,
yeah.
C
A
A
So
a
person's
lifespan
from
diagnosis
in
some
ways
depends
on
how
early
is
it
identified,
but
in
terms
of
just
doing
an
average
people
that
are
diagnosed
live
on
average
six
to
eight
years,
but
people
can
live
15
to
20
years
once
they've
had
a
diagnosis
and
there
is
a
great
deal
of
variability
in
terms
of
individual
progression
with
the
disease.
So
there's
a
that's
another
component
of
an
area
that
needs
to
be
researched
further,
which
is
why
does
some
people
progress
so
slowly,
while
other
people
progress
so
quickly?
A
D
A
So
I'll
talk
about
heredity
and
what
we
know
about
it
so,
once
again,
the
biggest
risk
factor
is
age
and
then
in
terms
of
what
we
know
about
heredity,
if
you
have
a
parent
or
a
sibling
that
has
Alzheimer's,
it
does
increase
your
individual
risk,
but
it's
I
mean
that's
similar
to.
If
you
have
a
parent,
that's
had
a
stroke
or
you
know.
So
it's
not
like
a
50%
increase.
A
For
most
of
us,
though,
if
we
had
a
genetic
test,
it
would
not
show
a
yes
or
no
answer
it
might
show.
We
have
a
greater
risk
or
a
lesser
risk,
so
there
are
risk
related
genes,
but
it's
not
going
to
be
an
on
or
off
switch.
So
right
now
our
recommendation
unless
there's
a
younger
onset
family
history
is
not
that
necessarily
going
getting.
A
So
I'll
repeat
the
question:
one
was
the
dementia
turn
into
Alzheimer's?
Let
me
start
with
that.
One.
So
Alzheimer's
is
a
type
of
the
type
of
dementia.
So
when
someone
is
diagnosed
with
dementia,
we
encourage
folks
to
get
a
more
conclusive
diagnosis
like
what
is
the
dementia
caused
by?
Is
it
Alzheimer's?
Is
it
sometimes
people
with
Parkinson's
develop
dementia,
not
everyone?
C
A
So
you
know,
interestingly,
I
haven't
heard
anything
about
that,
but
I
can
say
that
Alzheimer's
does
impact
the
individuals
ability
to
sleep.
I
mean
people
tend
to
get
up
more.
They
wake
up
more
often
they're,
more
restless
during
sleep
and
I'm
sure
that
that
would
make
it
more
likely
that
a
person
I
mean
I
have
a
propensity
to
have
dreams
where,
like
I'll,
start
talking
and
kicking.
So
you
don't
want
to
be
next
to
me
at
night.
A
E
A
That's
certainly
that's
certainly
true
in
terms
of
research
but
I
think
as
a
family
member.
It's
it's
just
as
helpful
to
look
at
the
person
now,
and
so
how
do
we
diagnose
Alzheimer's?
So
a
person
should
be
getting
to
their
primary
care
physician
or
a
Diagnostic
Center,
or
a
neurologist
to
have
a
comprehensive
medical
exam
which
would
include
some
kind
of
memory
test,
some
kind
of
history
where
the
the
person,
and
especially
their
care
partner
or
family
member
is
talking
about.
A
You
know
like
well
two
years
ago,
I
started
noticing
this,
because
one
of
the
other
ways
that
a
physician
would
diagnose,
Alzheimer's
versus
the
treatable
causes
of
dementia
is
the
the
slow
onset
so
a
person
that
has
other
types
of
dementia,
usually
the
onset,
is
quicker,
whereas
with
Alzheimer's,
it's
it's
much
slower
in
terms
of
the
change.
So
the
history,
a
memory
test,
a
neurological
exam,
preferably
some
kind
of
brain
scan
to
see,
there's
been
a
stroke
or
other
kind
of
brain
activity.
A
E
Hard
over
here,
the
person
on
the
outside.
When
your
colleagues
want
to
know
my
house,
my
parents,
do
you
really
have
no
idea
because
you
don't
live
within
you,
go
do
certain
things
you
kind
of
talk
to
the
other
one
and
they're
like.
Oh,
you
make
it
a
big
deal,
and
so
it's
really
trying
to
family
member
to
know
how
to
support
in
being
truthful.
E
A
You're
right,
I'll
repeat
a
little
bit
of
what
you
said.
So
it's
true
that
if
there's
a
couple,
an
older
couple
that
often
the
the
well
spouse
or
the
spouse
that
doesn't
have
the
memory
problems
but
may
have
their
own
health
concerns
is,
is
less
likely
to
one
acknowledge
the
memory
problems
and
necessarily
want
to
investigate
them.
A
There's
a
little
bit
of
you
know:
I'm
taking
care
of
things,
don't
worry
about
it,
I'm
the
wife,
I'm,
the
husband,
I,
think
and,
and
it's
something
to
talk
about
with
someone
at
our
helpline
in
terms
of
how
do
you
manage
that
kind
of
situation?
Certainly,
you
know
you
may
have
to
wait
until
something
happens
in
terms
of
preferably
something
that's
not
life-threatening,
but
you
know
an
incident
where
a
family
member,
a
son
or
daughter,
can
step
in
and
say
you
know,
mom.
A
Let's
look
at
this
dad
is
having
a
lot
of
problems,
may
be
talking
with
the
physician
separately,
at
least
to
provide
some
information,
ultimately,
that
spouse
or
partner
does
have
primary
responsibility
for
that
other
person,
so
trying
to
align
yourself
with
them
and
maybe
getting
other
family
members
to
be
on
the
same
page
as
one
way
to
kind
of
go
about
it
and
move
forward,
but
I'm
happy
to
talk
with
you
afterward
about
that
situation,
a
little
bit
more
specifically.
Yes,.
A
To
help
prevent
that
from
happening
yeah,
so
so
it
is
true
that,
as
I
mentioned,
personality
problems
and
changes
being
part
of
the
disease
process,
sometimes
people
can
get
agitated,
who
normally
would
have
been
very
calm
very
agreeable,
certainly
with
the
first
time,
something
like
that
happens,
the
family
member,
should
you
know,
talk
with
a
physician,
because
sometimes
it
can
be
caused
by
a
physical
problem,
like
maybe
a
urinary
tract
infection
or
some
kind
of
other
illness.
That
might
be
the
the
impetus
or
catalyst
for
that
problem.
A
Sometimes
it
might
be
the
caregiver
learning
new
ways
to
communicate
and
helping
the
person.
I
I
know
that
in
my
own
experience,
I
worked
in
adult
day
care
setting
and
sort
of
learned
to
help
someone
in
a
very
patient
slow,
supportive
way.
So
sometimes
caregivers
can
learn
new
ways
to
introduce
activities
or
participate
in
care
that
can
prevent
arguments
or
disagreements.
So
that's
another
way
to
go.
It's
also
true
that
sometimes
people
with
Alzheimer's
are
clinically
depressed,
and
that
can
be
why
they're
getting
agitated
and
angry
and
upset
and
pushing
someone
or
acting
out.
A
So
that
would
be
something
for
the
physician
to
investigate
and
there
are
also
treatments
that
can
be
prescribed
to
help
the
person
be
calmer.
The
important
thing
is
to
just
make
sure
that
the
person
isn't
over
medicated
so
that
they're
stumbling
or
might
have
a
fall,
so
I'm
going
to
move
on
to
the
next
slide.
A
Next
slide:
okay,
just
want
to
tell
you
a
little
bit
about
the
Alzheimer's
Association,
so
we're
a
national
organization.
We
have
a
free,
24-hour
helpline,
where
people
can
call
us
to
kind
of
talk
about
the
same
issues
or
questions
that
you
might
be
bringing
up
here.
There
are
counselors
that
can
you
know
that
know
about
the
disease
that
know
about
strategies
and
approaches
to
kind
of
help
solve
problems?
We
can
send
you
information
about
behaviors
and
how
to
intervene
activities.
D
Name
is
I,
am
DoD
I'm
a
Alzheimer's
initiative
for
the
city
of
Boston.
It's
a
very,
very
important
initiative,
a
loss
he
went
to
his
family
went
through
it
and
it
was
devastating
for
his
family
because
of
the
lack
of
support.
So
when
I
came
here
in
January,
I
thought
oh
I'm
going
to
be.
You
know,
creating
resources,
save
Boston
employees
and
want
you
to
know
the
enormous
amount
of
resources
already
exist
within
the
city.
I
have
only
been
here
for
three
months:
I
have
oh
there's
so
much
inside
of
City
Hall
in
our
backer.
D
Have
four
people
office
has
four
people
who
will
help
city
of
Boston
employees
and
their
families
walk
through
this
support
that
severe
available
through
the
veterans
Department,
which
is
not
available
through
with
anyplace
else,
I
mean
they're
active
resource
over
here
we
have
Carol
Donovan,
who
is
in
charge
of
FMLA
within
City
Hall.
They
are
also
fabulous
if
you,
if
you
are,
have
a
diagnosis.
If
someone
in
your
family
has
a
diagnosis,
they
can
help
walk
you
through
the
process.
They
can
help
you
get
help
in
the
back
row.
D
We
have
Wendy
cook
in
Diane
who
are
seeing
Boston
EAP.
You
will
see
in
the
resource
guide
that
I
gave
you
I
thought
our
EAP
was
from
drugs
and
alcohol
SM
as
Joe
Coleman,
the
director
says,
85%
of
the
people
who
contact
the
EAP
do
so
because
of
stress.
We
describe
stress
as
too
many
demands
and
not
enough
resources.
They
will
walk
you
through
the
process.
There
are
also
the
elderly
Department
Jen
Murphy
in
the
back
is
the
head
of
the
advocates.
We
have
eight
advocates
one
for
each
neighborhood
in
the
city.
D
D
What
I
did
find
since
the
first
year?
The
mayor's
initiative
is
about
city
of
Boston
employees,
we're
going
to
expand
out
into
all
of
the
citizens
of
Boston.
After
that,
it
is.
Oh
I
mean
it's
just
it's
so
important
to
know
that
these
resources
exist,
because
when,
as
you
were
saying
so
many
questions
come
up
and
it's
like,
where
am
I
going?
Who
would
I
ask?
Where
am
I
going
to
get
help?
Will
the
Alzheimer's
Association
is
a
huge
resource
and
what
I
have
done
into
the
packets?
B
D
There
were
going
to
be
a
lot
I'm,
64
I'm,
going
to
be
assuming
that
there's
packets
are
going
to
be
handed
to
people
who
are
not
computer
literate
who
do
not
know
how
to
go.
Online.
I've
tried
to
go,
say
what
I
thought.
The
most
important
and
most
helpful
resources
are.
There
is
some
organizations
lost
and
elder
info,
they
are
funded
by
state
and
federal
and
city
fund.
These
people
will
also
come
to
your
phone.
D
You
call
them,
they
will
find
you
people
to
come
to
your
home
and
create
a
care
plan
that
you
can
all
agree
on.
They'll
help.
You
walk
you
through
the
steps.
I
just
want
to
stress
and
I
hope.
Everybody
grabs
the
package
that
there
is
enormous
amount
of
charge
and
Christmas
here
from
the
disabilities
department.
Early
onset
Alzheimer's
is
now
it's
now
a
disability
diagnosis.
They
can
help
you
as
well.
They
are
so
much
help
in
house
that
I
want
everyone.
D
I
want
to
be
protected
because
it
is
so
important
to
know
that
help
is
at
hand,
but
the
hardest
thing
I
found
were
commutative
often
is
we
don't
seem
to
know
about
each
other?
You
know
we
don't
seem
to
know
that
help
is
available,
so
I
might
eat
it
just
to
make
sure
people
know
that
there's
help
out
there
in
bed
to
help
out
there
notice
about
the
other
help
out
there.
So
if
they
can't
help
you
they
can
refer
you
to
somebody
who
can
my
name
is
I
am
phone
number.