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From YouTube: Clean Air Campaign Ozone Kickoff 2013
Description
The annual Ozone Season Kickoff Event and Press Conference from the Land-of-Sky Regional Council's Clean Air Campaign. Speakers include Paul Muller of the NC Division of Air Quality, Ashley Featherstone of the WNC Regional Air Quality Agency, Bill Jackson of the US Forest Service, and Bill Eaker of the Land of Sky Clean Vehicles Coalition.
Discussions include air quality conditions, trends, and programs to improve air quality in Western North Carolina.
A
Well,
good
afternoon,
welcome
to
everyone
appreciate
you
all
coming
out.
I'm
bill
acre
with
the
land
of
sky
Regional
Council
on
Environmental
Services
Manager
work
on
a
variety
of
environmental
programs
and
I
also
serve
as
the
coordinator
of
the
regional
clean
air
campaign
that
we
started
back
in
nineteen.
Ninety
eight
to
increase
public
awareness
of
our
air
quality
issues
and
solutions-
and
this
event
today
is
one
of
the
activities
of
the
clean
air
campaign.
A
I
also
serve
as
a
coordinator
of
the
land
of
sky,
clean
vehicles,
coalition
and
I'll
talk
a
little
bit
more
about
the
coalition
and
and
what
that
organization
does
on.
Today.
We
are
kicking
off
the
ozone
pollution
forecasting
season.
With
this
workshop
and
press
conference,
as
many
of
you
know,
the
state
will
begin
issuing
or
air
quality
forecasts
for
ground-level
ozone
pollution.
I
guess
this
weekend
and
these
forecasts
can
be
accessed
by
logging
on
to
the
North
Carolina
air
awareness
website.
A
As
you
all
know,
air
quality
has
been
an
issue
in
a
region
for,
for
several
decades
actually,
and
air
pollution
can
impact
our
health,
our
environment
and
our
economy.
So
we've
got
to
take
proactive
measures
to
minimize
the
impacts
of
air
pollution,
as
you
all
know
that
the
region
is
growing,
it's
a
very
popular
region
and
feels
really
happening
place.
People
from
all
over
the
country
tell
me
they
want
to
move
to
asheville.
A
So
there
will
be
many
more
people
coming
here
and
with
that
growth
there
will
be
more
cars
and
trucks
on
the
roads
in
more
homes
and
buildings,
to
heat
and
cool,
not
to
mention
all
the
lawn
mowers
and
weed
eaters
and
blowers
and
everything
else
that
comes
along
with
it.
So
as
we
continue
to
grow,
we
need
to
continue
our
programs
and
act.
It
is
to
further
reduce
emissions
from
all
of
these
various
sources.
A
The
good
news
is
that
air
quality
is
improving.
You
hear
about
that
today,
from
some
of
our
air
quality
experts
and
action
is
being
taken
by
many
different
groups
to
address
our
air
quality
problems
and
we're
very
fortunate
that
they
have
three
of
our
air
quality
experts
here
in
the
region,
both
at
the
local
state
and
federal
levels.
So
at
this
time,
I
just
want
to
go
around
the
room
and
do
some
introductions
and
we'll
start
up
here
with
our
media
friends,
and
thank
you
all
so
much
for
being
here.
B
B
B
D
A
Again
thanks
so
much
for
coming
out
today
a
relatively
cold
day,
but
we're
very
appreciative
of
you
being
here
all
right,
well,
I'm,
going
to
turn
it
over
to
paul
paul
moller
is
the
regional
supervisor
of
the
North
Carolina
division
of
air
quality
office
regional
office
here
in
Asheville,
and
he's
going
to
give
us
a
state
perspective
on
air
quality
conditions
and
programs.
All
thank
you.
B
Going
to
be
talking
about
the
ozone
forecasting
it's
going
to
happen
on
easter
sunday
is
when
it
will
begin
believe
it
or
not
that's
kind
of
a
unique
day,
but
ozone
is
a
warm-weather
pollutant
and
we
monitor
for
it
from
April.
First
through
the
end
of
October.
We
do
not
monitor
for
ozone
officially
through
the
winter
and
in
indicating
that
the
reason
we
have
solar
energy
at
sufficient
levels
during
the
summer
is
the
reason
we
get
the
formation
of
ozone.
B
Ozone
is
03,
usually
when
we're
breathing
we're
breathing
02,
but
as
we
have
the
energy
in
the
air,
a
reaction
occurs,
fault,
organic
compounds
and
nitrogen
oxides
play
a
role
and
we
get
the
formation
of
ozone
o3
in
the
atmosphere
and
that
third
oxygen.
You
know
mostly,
we
breathe
02
with
03.
The
third
oxygen
will
let
go
and
when
it
does,
it
will
oxidize
what
it
comes
in
contact
with,
which
hopefully
will
not
be
the
lining
of
your
lungs.
Because
that
can
be
the
issue.
It
can
cause
an
irritation.
B
So
that's
why
we
often
warned
people
who
have
a
breathing
problem,
such
as
asthma
or
bronchitis,
to
be
careful
if
the
ozone
concentrations
are
going
up,
that's
what
can
cause
you
to
have
breathing
difficulties
and,
as
a
result,
we
do
forecasting
they're
issued
at
3pm
every
day.
First,
one
again
will
be
march
31st
and
it
will
run
through
the
end
of
September.
We
don't
do
forecasting
during
the
month
of
October,
because
ozone
concentrations
are
pretty
stable
at
that
time
and
we
have
meteorologists
in
Raleigh
who
do
the
forecasting
and
they
talked
to
other
states.
B
They
talked
to
Virginia,
they
talked
to
South
Carolina.
They
all
come
up
with
what
they
believe
are
consistent
forecasts
for
all
of
the
southeast
areas
in
touch
with
cheat
with
each
other.
At
that
time
we
also
do
some
forecasting
for
PM
2.5,
fine
particles,
and
we
do
that
year
round.
However,
we
do
monitor
for
PM
2.5
year
round
and
I'll
touching
some
of
the
fine
points.
B
For
example,
we
monitor
for
ozone
both
on
ridge
tops
above
4,000
feet
and
in
valleys
below,
but
we
do
not
monitor
for
fine
particles
about
4,000
feet
and
we'll
discuss
that
now
make
sure
you
can
understand
the
difference
in
those
two
forecasts
and
whichever
one
is
the
worst
one
for
a
given
area,
that
color
will
be
the
one
which
is
a
sign
to
that
site.
We
use
green,
we
use,
yellow,
we
use
orange
and
we're
so
clean
here
we
never
do
anything
beyond
orange,
which
is
good.
It's
a
good
sign
and
we'll
look
at
that.
B
We
do
forecasting
for
PM
2.5
year
round,
but
in
general,
no,
we
don't
it's
not
as
big
a
problem.
Typically
as
ozone
is-
and
here
is
our
color
code,
our
air
quality
index,
the
AQI
green
means
good,
yellow
means,
moderate
and
orange
means.
This
could
be
a
problem
for
sensitive
people.
Now
we're
referring
again
to
people
who
have
asthma
bronchitis,
this
type
of
problem,
because
it
will
be
more
sensitive
to
them
and,
as
you
can
see
here
along
the
bottom,
if
I
push
this,
I
hope
I
have
my
little
red
line.
B
We
have
air
quality
index
of
100,
which
is
right
here.
This
is
where
we
cross
over.
That
is
our
pollutant
standard,
so
our
ambient
air
quality
standard
national
ambient
air
quality
standard
for
ozone
is
tied
into
it
there
and
is,
as
is
fine
particles.
Okay,
that's
what
we
look
at
and
care
about.
So
now
we'll
take
a
look
and
show
them
to
you.
Our
ambient
air
quality
standard
for
ozone
is
75.
If
you're
at
75
or
below,
on
an
annual
average.
B
Then
you
are
attaining
the
standard,
but
if
you
are
76
or
higher,
you
are
not
and
the
way
we
do,
that
is
we
do
it
looking
at
three
years
at
a
time
so
we're
like
at
2010
through
2012,
that's
our
most
recent
for
your
period
in
2010
at
each
monitoring
site,
we
go
down.
Take
the
fourth
highest
2011.
We
take
the
fourth
highest
one
2012
we
take
the
fourth
highest
one.
We
average
those
three
numbers
and
that's
the
number
we
compared
to
the
standard
of
75.
B
B
Similarly,
for
fine
particles,
we
follow
the
same
process,
we
get
a
process
and
we
pretty
much
use
it
for
everything
we
can
think
of.
But
here
our
annual
standard
is
12,
so
we
have
to
stay
below
12
or
a
rounding
of
12
to
be
in
the
green
good
area,
but
we
also
have
four
fine
particles.
Unlike
for
ozone,
we
have
a
24-hour
standard
and
that
magic
number
is
thirty-five.
B
So
in
order
to
be
at
100,
we
have
to
stay
at
35
or
below
on
a
24-hour
reading
and
we
have
we
don't
go
over
35,
it's
been
a
while,
since
we
went
over
35,
which
is
fortunate
for
us,
because
fine
particles
are
not
fun
to
breathe
and
but
if
we
do,
then
we
have
to
go
ahead
and
have
an
orange
reading
there.
We
don't
often
have
orange
readings
for
fine
particles.
We
will
tend
to
have
them
more
frequently
for
ozone.
B
So
now
that
you
have
a
great
understanding
of
how
we
do
our
forecasting
and
what
the
colors
mean,
how
do
you
find
out
what
they
are?
This
is
our
home
page
for
the
division
of
air
quality
web
page
and
NC
air
dot,
org
NCAI,
r
dot.
Org
gets
you
to
this
page
and
across
there's
lots
of
fun
information,
of
course.
So
you
can
read
about
anything
you
want,
but
if
you
want
an
air
quality
forecast,
you
press
on
that
button
right
there
and
that
will
take
you
to
this
page.
Okay
and
you're.
B
Looking
across
the
state
and
everywhere
you're
looking
at
is
colored
indicates
an
area
where
they
do
a
forecast.
So,
of
course
here
is
our
valve
area.
Here
is
Charlotte.
Here's
over
here
is
raleigh,
etc.
You
can
go
whichever
one
you
want.
What's
interesting
in
part
about.
Our
part
of
the
country,
though,
is
the
difference
between
ridge
tops
above
4,000
feet
and
valleys
below
4,000
feet,
and
we
do
forecasting
for
ozone,
for
both
ridge
tops
and
there
they
are
right
there
and
the
valleys.
B
So
the
color
of
the
ridge
tops
will
be
marked
on
that
on
the
three
peaks
right
here,
and
everything
for
the
valleys
at
lower
elevations
will
be
marked
there.
All
right
now.
I
took
this
particular
forecast
on
March
twentieth,
and
what
it
indicates
is
that
the
forecast
for
that
day
for
PM
2.5
was
green,
but
some
days
we'll
have
both
ozone
and
PM
2.5
available,
and
that
will
happen
soon.
March
31st,
to
be
the
first
time
and
whichever
one
is
worse,
will
be
the
one
that
shows
up
there.
Okay,.
A
B
The
top
half
of
the
webpage
and
what's
down
below
is
this:
you
can
go
through
and
you
can
read:
here's
the
ozone
aqi
will
be
listed
right
there.
Here's
2.5
aqi
and
then
here
is
the
overall
color
code,
but
if,
for
example,
in
the
valleys
we
had
yellow
for
ozone,
then
this
would
turn
yellow,
even
if
this
remained
green.
Is
that
confusing
enough
for
everybody?
We're
trying
to
give
you
a
heads
up,
and
so,
whichever
one
is
worse,
is
going
to
control
the
overall
color
for
the
valley,
of
course,
at
the
ridge
tops.
B
All
we
have
is
ozone,
but
as
of
Easter
Sunday,
this
will
start
lighting
up
and
we'll
have
some
color
over
here
as
well.
What's
interesting,
though,
is
with
ridge
tops
versus
valleys?
Ozone
is
a
formed
by
solar
energy.
That's
why
it's
a
summertime,
pollutant
and
now
that
we're
getting
into
the
spring
Sun
is
returning.
April
furs
is
getting
here.
Sun
rises
in
the
morning
on
that
solar
energy
can
generate
reactions
to
form
ozone.
We
don't
have.
B
Volatile
compounds
are
naturally
in
the
atmosphere,
but
the
NOx
we
put
there
in
general,
it's
a
product
of
any
combustion,
a
power
plant,
a
factory,
your
car
all
have
combustion
and
they're
producing
that.
So,
as
you
get
that
reaction
in
the
atmosphere,
then
it
will
peek
mid
to
late
afternoon.
That's
when
we
have
our
highest
readings
at
the
valley
sites.
Okay
and
that's
the
one
that
will
show
up,
then
we
look
for
a
fourth-
is
aamir.
It's
going
to
be
one
of
those
Peaks
we
hit
one
afternoon.
B
Sealing
in
the
air
that
is
down
below
and
it
causing
that
air
to
move
around
and
bump
into
trees
bears
us
anything
you
want
it
to,
and
when
it
does,
it
stops
being
ozone,
it
will
go
to
0
2.
It
will
release
that
third
oxygen.
Okay,
so
we
see
in
the
mornings
here
our
lowest
ozone
cuz,
that
ozone
form
the
day
before
had
a
chance
to
react
and
disappear.
B
If
you
will
go
back
to
its
normal
state,
but
above
the
boundary
layer
here
or
the
peak
stick
up,
then
we
are
seeing
not
much
room
for
the
air
between
the
peaks
to
bump
into
something
there's
not
so
it
actually
peaks
in
the
middle
of
the
night.
So
our
highest
concentrations
of
air
and
the
valleys
for
ozone
are
going
to
be
at
three
in
the
afternoon,
for
example,
but
above
on
the
peaks
they're
going
to
be
at
three
in
the
middle
of
the
night.
B
So
we
have
very
different
numbers
and
a
different
pattern
for
those
and
actually
then,
in
the
morning
when
the
Sun
comes
up
in
the
air
below
that
layer
starts
to
move
around
the
layer
dissipates
that
air
moves
up
it's
cleaner
because
it's
been
dissipating
the
ozone
through
the
night
it
comes
up
and
mixes
with
the
upper
layers
in
the
atmosphere.
Its
concentration
will
go
down
as
the
lower
levels
is
coming
up.
B
So
is
that
confusing
enough,
but
it
varies
and
he,
if
you're
looking
at
the
forecast
for
ridge,
tops
you're
looking
what's
going
to
be
its
peak
in
the
night
it
will.
It
will
not
be
its
peak
in
the
afternoon,
necessarily
if
you're
going
to
go
hiking
about
Mitchell.
So
it's
important
to
have
in
mind
what
these
forecasts
mean
and
when
they
are
going
to
occur,
but
here's
where
you
can
get
it
the
forecast
that
is
in
co.org.
That's
our
website.
There's.
D
B
B
Ok,
because
you
can
also
get
what
we
call
real
time.
Air
quality
data
at
our
monitors-
and
this
is
where
we
do
have
continuous
2.5
data.
You
can
access
that.
We
don't
have
continuous
2.5
data,
you
can,
but
ozone
all
does
that
and
if
you
go
to
our
website,
you
can
see
here
under
our
monitoring
data
current
by
sight.
B
You
can
click
on
that,
for
example,
and
it's
going
to
take
you
to
this
map
and
if
you
want
to
see
something
around
here,
you
clicked
on
our
part
of
the
country,
which
is
always
the
prettiest
anyhow,
and
it's
going
to
show
you
a
map
of
monitoring
sites,
and
here
it
is,
and
so
you
can
come
around.
This
is
a
monitor
representing
the
joyce
kilmer
forest,
its
high
elevation,
here's
one
in
bryson
city
just
outside
the
park
and
you
can
go
on
around
here-
is
Mount
Mitchell
on
Yancey
County.
B
So
you
can
check
those
and
click
on
whichever
one
you
want.
You'd
see
down
below
some
are
ozone
summer,
fine
particles
and
but
for
fun.
I
chose
Bryson
City.
It
is
the
one
site
we
have
where
you
can
see
both
fine
particles
and
ozone
all
at
the
same
time
and
here's
one
that
I
did
last
week.
Of
course
you
don't
see
ozone,
because
it's
not
ozone
season
yet,
but
this
is
the
type
of
information
you
can
grasp
and
it's
going
to
tell
you
what
time
this
information
came
from.
B
This
is
based
on
one
hours
of
data
between
noon
and
1pm,
and
it's
telling
you
the
reading
now
21.8
is
getting
up
there.
It
is
that's
higher
than
we
typically
see
at
Bryson
City.
So
if
you
were
going
to
go
there
and
hike
in
the
near
future-
and
you
were
real
concerned
about
fine
particles,
that
should
be
a
bit
of
a
warning-
it
had
been
even
lower
because
art
time
over
time,
we
don't
run
that
high
okay
and.
B
B
So
how
are
we
doing
with
ozone?
75
is
a
magic
number
okay.
So
we
at
each
of
these
sites,
we
took
the
third
highest
and
fourth
highest
reading
three
years
in
a
row,
average
them
out
and
here's
how
we're
doing
we're
entertainment
at
each
site,
every
one
of
them
they're
all
below
75,
which
is
good.
But
you
can
certainly
see
that
our
ridge
top
sites
are
higher
than
our
Valley
sites.
B
B
Looking
pretty
good
Bryson's
one
of
the
cleanest
monitors
in
the
state,
so
we're
doing
okay
there
and
here's
the
look
at
the
progress
over
time.
You
can
see
all
right
over
here
we're
looking
at
1998-2000
here
we
kind
of
put
a
dot
in
that's
kind
of
an
average
of
all
of
these,
even
though
we
do
have
differences
between
ridge
tops
and
valleys.
But
you
can
see
we
went
where
we
are
overall
average
was
over
85
back
at
that
time,
and
now
we
have
come
to
here
and
our
average
is
under
70.
B
Every
I
mean
overall,
all
of
our
Valley
sites
are
below
70
and
we
have
a
three
of
our
ridge.
Top
sites
are
bumped
on
over
that,
but
that's
a
lot
of
improvement.
We've
dropped
like
20
PP,
be
on
our
ozone
averages
over
time.
One
other
one
I
want
to
show
here,
though,
is
we
notice
a
home
right
there?
The
reason
is,
we
lost
our
2004
data
and
that
was
a
cool
wet
summer.
One
of
the
cleanest
summers
we
ever
had.
So
when
that
fell
off
of
our
average,
we
went
to
two
thousand
five
through
seven.
B
B
So
let's
go
on
and
look
at
the
fine
particles,
then,
once
again,
our
standard
for
fine
particles
is
12.
Now
it
was
15
micrograms
per
cubic
meter
for
a
long
time.
Last
year,
epa
lowered
it
to
12,
unfortunately
we're
doing
pretty
good
we're
below
10
at
all
of
our
sites.
They're
all
nine.
Something
still
interesting
to
me
that
spruce
pine
is
come
out
the
lowest,
because
it
sits
right
next
to
a
whole
bunch
of
minds,
doing
feldspar
and
mica.
B
But
here
they
are
looking
pretty
good,
but
you
can
see
across
the
area
that
we
are
certainly
entertainment
and
progressing
and
here's
how
it
looks
over
time.
We
first
got
this
standard
in
99.
That's
when
we
began
monitoring
for
2.5
we'd,
monitor
for
monitored
for
particulars
in
the
past,
but
not
2.5,
and
we
get
some
improved
long
year
and
then.
B
Let
me
just
back
up
one
step,
and
that
is
that
ozone
is
a
gas
okay.
Fine
particles
are
little
particles,
very
small
particles
and
it's
linked
to
mortality
where
people
die
when
the
small
particle
rate
is
higher.
But
as
we
came
along
through
here,
that
was
due
to
some
federal
rules
that
took
effect.
Some
of
them
came
under
previous
acts
where
we
were
trying
to
improve
acid
rain,
for
example,
or
acid
deposition.
But
as
we
came
along
to
here,
then
we
kind
of
leveled
off,
but
in
2002.
B
That
is
when
the
legislature
passed
the
clean
smokestacks
act,
and
it
was
about
right
here
that
we
finally
started
getting
it
implemented
and
down.
It
came
because
we
have
so2
gas
coming
out
when
we
burn
coal
gets
in
the
atmosphere
reacts
and
it
forms
particles,
it
forms
ammonium,
sulfate,
emoni,
bisulfate,
etc,
and
that
is
what
we
end
up.
Then
seeing
is
fine
particles.
B
It
also
contributes
to
ass
a
deposition,
and
it
causes
hazy
gazes
that
you're,
looking
out
at
the
beautiful
scenery
here,
you're
up
in
Mount
Mitchell
and
there's
a
lot
of
sulfate
in
the
air.
You
don't
see
as
well,
but
that's
what
we've
done:
we've
gone
from
15
to
less
than
10,
pretty
good
one.
Other
item
I
wanted
to
touch
upon.
Then,
if
you
are
curious
about
how
facilities
operate
and
you've
got
one
near
your
house,
and
you
would
like
to
know
more
about
it,
we
just
did
this
by
the
way.
D
B
Title
fives
are
the
biggest
ones.
Power
plants
are
all
title:
five,
okay,
so
you
can
go
there
and
see
ones
it
depending
what
size
you
want.
This
is
an
improvement.
My
opinion
glad
we
know
how
these
available
you
can
go
see
permits.
All
you
want
also
want
to
touch
on
our
website
that
we
talked
about
open,
burning,
fig,
ruin,
your
property.
You
can
burn
it
if
it
didn't
grow
there,
you
can't
no
synthetics
are
ever
allowed
for
open
burning
and,
if
you're
doing,
land,
clearing
such
as
for
construction.
B
You
we
do
allow
that,
because
the
idea
is
that
this
is
a
one-time
affair
on
this
property
you're,
going
to
land
clear
at
once
and
then
build,
but
you
have
to
have
500
feet
from
any
structure,
not
on
the
site.
That's
your
rule
that
you
have
to
meet.
You
can
always
call
us
and
we'll
help
you
figure
that
out.
My
last
suggestion,
then,
is
to
help
make
the
air
better.
As
do
you
try
to
reduce
your
energy
consumption
and
also
to
try
to
drive
a
good,
clean
car,
because
that'll
help-
and
here.
B
A
D
C
Afternoon
and
thank
you
for
being
here
for
our
annual
ozone
kickoff
event,
the
local
perspective,
we'll
start
with
some
basic
information
about
the
local
air
quality
program.
An
explanation
of
that
and
what
we
do.
I've
got
some
updated
monitoring
data
where
we
can
talk
about
the
sights
and
see
what
our
levels
are.
Looking
at,
the
Buncombe
County
monitor
specifically
and
then
also
have
a
little
bit
of
information
I'd
like
to
share
with
you
about
our
different
education,
outreach
type
activities,
some
local
campaigns
that
we
have
going
to
try
to
encourage
pollution
prevention.
C
By
saying
that
air
quality
in
North
Carolina
is
regulated
by
seven
regional
offices
of
the
state
division
of
air
quality,
and
then
there
are
also
three
counties
that
have
their
own
local
program
and
we
are
one
of
those
local
programs-
and
these
are
here
because
the
Clean
Air
Act
does
allow
local
governments
to
have
their
own
local
regulatory
programs
if
they
choose
to.
But
those
programs
have
to
be
at
least
as
stringent
as
the
state's
programs
that
they
operate
within.
C
So
here
in
Western,
North
Carolina,
we
are
a
little
bit
unique
because
of
our
topography.
A
lot
of
times
in
the
winter
will
have
temperature
inversions,
which
can
trap
air
pollution
at
the
surface
and
with
our
topography
and
our
mountains.
Sometimes
the
mountains
can
actually
exacerbate
these
Valley
inversions
and
when
we
have
these
stagnant
air
conditions,
we
do
see
problems
with
pollution,
building
up
and
not
being
able
to
mix
as
Paul
referred
to
earlier.
C
So
any
locally
generated
pollution
is
a
problem
at
that
time
and
we
do
see
a
lot
of
transport
of
other
pollution
coming
in
from
other
areas
and
that
affects
us
up
at
the
ridge
tops
in
at
the
valley
sites.
But
what
we
have
found
is
on
some
of
the
worst
air
pollution
days
down
in
the
valleys.
Those
happen
under
stagnant
air
conditions,
suggesting
that
a
lot
of
that
is
our
own
local
pollution.
In
these
valleys.
It
is
a
little
different.
C
The
ridge
tops
where
they're
more
affected
by
transport,
but
we
always
like
to
point
that
out
because
a
lot
of
times
we
hear
from
folks
that
they
think
all
of
our
pollution
comes
from
Tennessee
or
or
somewhere
else,
but
we
do
have
a
lot
of
our
own
pollution
here
as
well.
So
our
strategy
for
reducing
ozone
concentrations
is
really
built
around
NOx
emissions
and
the
biggest
source
of
NOx
emissions
here
in
Buncombe
County,
our
cars
and
trucks
and
the
power
plant.
C
C
So
right
now
our
current
and
ozone
design
value
for
the
Buncombe
County
monitor
is
68
parts
per
million
and
we
do
have
some
higher
levels
up
at
the
ridgetops
and
EPA
is
talking
about
addressing
the
standard
again
as
we
go
through
the
years
and
more
studies
are
done.
A
PA
continues
to
reevaluate
the
standard
as
it
required
to
do,
and
they've
suggested
that
they
may
lower
the
standard
the
next
time
it
is
a
rest
and
somewhere
in
the
neighborhood
of
between
60
and
70
parts
per
billion.
C
C
So
our
air
quality
has
been
getting
progressively
better
and
regarding
the
question
about
the
monitor
and
we're
excited,
I
think
our
monitoring
supervisor
could
better
answer
that
question,
but
EPA
does
have
guidelines
about
citing
monitors
and
they
do
require
on
the
larger
level
that
high
population
areas
have
monitors
when
you
get
to
the
more
to
the
county
level
where
we
are,
they
do
have
guidelines
as
far
as
where
monitors
should
be
sited
again
around
population
and
also
depends
a
little
bit
on.
What's
around
the
monitor.
C
For
example,
if
you
had
an
ozone
monitor
in
an
area
where
there
are
a
lot
of
trees,
that
could
be
a
problem.
There
are
just
a
lot
of
different
stipulations
for
what
makes
a
good
site,
and
if
you
have
more
questions,
I,
don't
know
if
Paul
or
bill
might
be
able
to
add
to
what
I've
said,
but
I'd
be
glad
to
look
into
it.
A
little
further
ado.
C
So
here's
our
data
for
the
buncombe
county
site,
which
is
at
the
Board
of
Education.
You
can
see
that,
like
the
state
data,
we've
also
got
significant
improvements.
It
was
two
thousand
seven
when
Progress
Energy
had
the
scrubbers
operational
for
a
full
year,
and
you
can
see
you
know
right
around
in
here,
where
these
levels
dropped
off.
There's
been
a
lot
of
other
initiatives
to
that
I
think
have
played
a
role:
we've
got
lower,
sulfur
diesel,
fuel
and
gasoline,
and
a
lot
of
other
federal
requirements
that
are
requiring
more
controls
to
be
put
on.
C
But
I
think
that
the
north
carolina
cleans
makes
backs.
Actus
is
obviously
a
huge
factor,
and
this
is
just
the
data
showing
our
air
quality
index.
Sometimes
it's
a
little
bit
confusing
because
we
have
the
air
quality
index
the
forecast
that
we
get
each
day
for
the
next
day,
and
then
we,
this
data,
is
actually
the
index
for
the
actual
monitored
value.
C
So
you
see
here
where
we
had
to
Code,
Orange
and
healthy
days
back
in
2012,
and
you
might
remember
that
there
are
a
few
more
forecasts
that
were
for
Code
Orange,
there's,
probably
a
handful
more,
but
this
number
is
the
actual
concentration
say.
Sometimes
they'll
protect
Kate
orange,
but
the
level
might
actually
end
up
being
code
yellow.
So
there's
a
little
bit
of
a
discrepancy.
There.
C
So
now
I'd
like
to
just
switch
gears
and
tell
you
really
briefly
what
we're
up
to
at
the
local
agency
here
lately
we've
got
some
new
regulations
that
EPA
is
issued
in
the
last
few
years
that
deal
with
what
they
call
area
sources
of
air
pollution,
and
these
are
the
smaller
sources.
We've
been
doing
a
lot
of
outreach
with
these
groups
to
let
them
know
about
these
rules.
C
There's
gas
stations,
auto
body
shops,
certain
types
of
metal,
fabricators
plating
and
polishing
operations,
and
a
lot
of
facilities
that
don't
typically
have
air
permits
with
us
that
are
having
to
comply
with
new
rules,
and
so
that's
been
keeping
us
busy
reaching
out
to
those
folks
also
have
been
doing
an
idle
reduction
campaign
with
a
state
division
of
air
quality.
Here
at
the
schools,
the
state
division
of
air
quality
has
provided
these
signs.
C
So
we've
got
signs
up
at
most
all
the
buncombe
county
schools
just
recently
got
the
two
new
schools
got
signs
out
to
them:
I'm,
not
quite
sure
if
those
have
been
put
up
yet
all
the
schools
at
buncombe
county,
except
for
the
high
schools,
should
have
the
signs
and
see
of
asheville
we're
still
working
with
them.
We
provided
signs
and
are
following
up
to
see
if
those
are
going
to
put
up
yet,
but
the
idle
reduction
campaign.
C
State
division
of
air
quality
is
printing
materials
and
made
signs
available.
You
can
request
signs
like
this
for
your
business
or
organization.
The
campaign
focuses
around
trying
to
tell
people
why
idling
is
bad
and
why?
Why
shouldn't?
Do
it?
Other
reasons
like
saving
gas
saving
money,
trying
to
dispel
some
of
the
myths
about
idling
and
let
people
know
that
it's
actually
not
good
for
your
car,
usually
and
and
trying
to
get
some
of
that
information
out
there.
C
There
is
a
good
tool
kit
that
another
Catawba
taba
Center
for
the
environment
did
that
has
been
made
available
to
schools
and
we've
recently
gone
out
and
showing
that
to
some
folks
at
city
of
Asheville,
the
green
team.
So
we're
hopeful
that
maybe
maybe
they
will
try
a
campaign
at
one
of
the
schools.
Ashley.
A
B
A
C
And
if
you
go
on
the
state
division
of
air
quality's
website
at
NC,
air
bot,
or
they
have
a
link
for
idle
reduction
down
at
the
bottom,
and
you
can
click
on
that
and
see
resources,
they've
got
fact
sheets
and
other
information.
It
also
shows,
if
you
want
signs
like
this,
for
your
school
or
your
church
or
your
business,
it
shows
who
to
call
to
get
the
signs
in
the
different
areas.
C
Actually,
let's
see
I
think
we
provided
the
signs
and
they
were
put
up
in
Buncombe
County
back
around
2010,
but
the
two
new
schools
did
not
have
the
signs
we
found
out
until
recently
and
city
of
Asheville.
Is
they
had
the
signs
as
well,
but
I
don't
know
if
they've
gotten
theirs
up
yet
so
it's
been
sort
of
a
gradual
processing
buncombe
does
have
them
that
I
know
of
haywood
in
this.
A
C
It's
great
that
we
can
provide
these
signs,
but
we
have
really
limited
resources.
So
when
it
comes
to
getting
out
in
the
schools
and
trying
to
promote
the
signs,
you
know
the
division
of
air
quality's
come
up
with
some
great
footmarks
that
we
can
provide
and
Keith
actually
took
a
thousand
bookmarks
to
one
of
the
local
schools
recently.
C
But
it
really
takes
promoting
the
signs
to
really
see
results
and
that's
something
that
we
aren't
quite
able
to
do.
We
can
be
a
resource
for
the
schools
that
they're
interested,
but
it
really
takes
the
school's
getting
involved
to
really
promote
the
programs,
hopefully
the
signs
being
there
I
think
that
does
promote
it.
Son,
but
there's
always
more
work
to
be
done.
C
Another
campaign
we
did
recently
had
to
do
with
heating
with
wood,
and
we
decided
to
do
this
back.
I
think
it
was
around
2009-2010
when
the
stimulus
funds
were
providing
energy
tax
credits
for
replacing
certain
equipment
with
more
efficient
equipment
and
one
of
those
was
wood
stoves.
There
was
a
tax
credit
if
he
replaced
your
older.
If
you
upgraded
or
actually
I
think
it
was
just
for
a
newer,
more
efficient
wood
stove,
so
what
we
wanted
to
do
was
try
to
encourage.
C
C
Let's
see
so
our
latest
program
that
we
have
beyond
the
wood
stoves,
as
we
did
a
gas
can
swap
last
year,
which
was
really
exciting.
We
did
this
with
Buncombe
County
Solid
Waste,
and
it
was
in
conjunction
with
household
hazardous
waste
a
and
yet
there
we
go
thanks,
Bill,
what's
working
again,
ok,
so
basically
we
partnered
with
solid
waste
to
do
the
gas
can
swap
and
the
newer
gas
cans
are
actually
have
vent.
C
We
took
people's
old,
you
know
non
environmentally
friendly
gas
cans
and
we
exchanged
them
for
a
new,
more
environmentally
friendly,
gasps
cam
and
we
were
required
to
dispose
of
the
other
runs
properly,
because
that's
the
idea
of
a
swap
is
that
you're
supposed
to
be
taking
an
older,
dirtier
piece
of
equipment
and
replacing
it
for
a
newer,
cleaner
piece
of
equipment
to
get
an
emissions
reduction.
So
this
swap
would
reduce
vo
see,
particularly
part
of
that
is
benzene
emissions
by
over
3,000
pounds
a
year,
and
this
spending
was
paid
for
by
an
EPA
settlement.
C
C
They
do
have
some
spill
reduction
features
where,
when
you're
filling
up
the
tank
once
the
tank
is
full,
it
will
automatically
shut
it
off.
They
automatically
closed
when
they're
not
used.
So
if
you
accidentally
kicked
it
over,
it
won't
spill
the
gas
on
the
ground
and
what
I
didn't
realize
until
we
did.
C
They
required
these
new
gas
cans
back
around
two
thousand
six
I
think
it
was
because
they
found
that
the
highest
exposure
to
benzene
and
for
the
general
public
was
from
indoors
in
their
homes
and
the
source
of
the
benzene
exposure
in
their
homes
was
their
gas
cans
in
their
attached
garages
in
there
crawl
spaces.
So
that's
why
they
required
these
new
gas
cans
when
they
came
out
with
the
standards
for
the
vehicles.
C
At
that
time,
our
other
initiative
has
been
diesel
retrofits
and
we
recently
got
funding
from
North
join
a
Department
of
Environment
natural
resources
to
retrofit
and
other
five
fire
engines
with
diesel
oxidation
catalyst.
So
we're
really
excited
about
that.
We
did
a
project
back
in
2010,
with
seven
local
fire
departments
to
retrofit
20
of
these
engines,
and
now
we've
got
another,
an
8th
department
that
is
expressed
interest
and
we
will
be
able
to
retrofit
those
engines
with
diesel
oxidation
catalysts
and
that
will
reduce
the
emissions
of
particulate
matter,
carbon
monoxide
and
also
hazardous
air
pollutants.
C
So
here's
just
a
little
bit
more
information
about
diesel
retrofits.
There
are
grants
from
EPA
and
the
state
division
of
air
quality,
there's
a
lots
of
different
types
of
technologies,
so
it
just
depends
on
on
you
know
the
use
of
the
vehicle
what's
best
for
you
and
Bill
acre,
does
a
lot
of
work
with
different
counties
on
different
projects
like
this.
C
So
there's
lots
of
local
resources
if
anyone's
interested
and
radon
is
something
that
we've
also
been
trying
to
address
right
on
is
the
second
leading
cause
of
lung
cancer
in
the
United,
States
and
buncombe
county
has
some
of
the
highest
levels
of
radon.
I
can
see
we're
in
the
red
zone
along
with
Henderson
County.
C
It's
going
to
be
on
April
the
night
here,
we're
trying
to
get
medical
professionals,
builders,
code
enforcement
officials
planners
and
anybody
that's
interested
to
come
to
the
meeting
and
learn
more
about
radon
and
finally,
I
just
have
some
tips
for
reducing
your
pollution,
that's
associated
with
electricity
and
vehicles.
Anything
we
can
do
to
conserve
energy
and
and
drive
less
or
dry.
Cleaner
vehicles
helps
air
quality.
So,
okay,
thanks.
A
So
hopefully
we
can
continue
to
retrofit
the
fire
trucks
and
a
lot
of
the
school
bus
is
also
the
local
air
agency
took
the
lead
on
that
several
years
ago.
Got
some
federal
grant
state
grants
to
to
retrofit
with
these
diesel
oxidation
catalysts
all
of
the
school
buses
here
in
Buncombe
County
and
then
in
some
of
the
surrounding
counties,
as
well.
So
great
work
when.
D
We
talk
to
people
about,
but
why
do
you
want
to
go
to
a
national
Forester?
Why
do
you
want
to
go
to
a
national
park?
Because
people
take
you
know
their
vacation
time,
they're
interested
in
you
know,
you
know
traveling
with
their
family,
and
we
have
you
know
millions
of
people
visiting
our
natural
forests
and
usually
the
number
one
reason
that
cited
is
because
of
the
scenic
views.
That's
one
of
the
reasons
that
most
people
want
to
visit,
our
National
Forest
and
so
back
in
1977.
D
Well,
that's
a
while
ago.
Isn't
it
Congress
recognized
that
visibility
was
important
at
that
same
time,
Congress
divided
up
the
United
States
into
different
areas.
Some
of
them
they
said,
would
have
the
greatest
protection
from
new
sources
of
air
pollution.
In
terms
of
impacting
these
areas,
they
were
wildernesses,
they
were
national
parks,
they
were
national
wildlife
refuges
and
these
are
called
class
one
areas
now
when
you
step
outside
today,
that's
a
class
two
area
and
it
does
have
protection,
especially
in
regards
to
new
sources
of
air
pollution.
D
D
Here
we
have
four
others
here
in
Western,
North
Carolina,
the
Great
Smoky
Mountains,
National
Park
is
managed
by
the
Department
of
Interior,
the
National
Park
Service,
and
then
these
three
wildernesses,
Joyce
Kilmer
shining,
rock
and
Linville
Gorge,
are
administered
by
the
USDA
Forest
Service,
which
the
agency
I
work
force
within
the
department
of
agriculture.
Just
to
let
you
know,
joyce,
kilmer
and
and
linville
gorge.
D
Both
are
quite
unique
in
Western,
North
Carolina
and
that
most
of
Joyce,
Kilmer
and
all
of
linville
gorge,
the
trees
have
never
been
cut,
they've
never
been
harvested,
and
what
I
used
to
tell
people
is,
if
you
were
one
of
the
first
European
settlers
that
had
visited
linville
gorge.
What
you
saw
today
is
what
you
would
have
seen
back
in
the
eighth
in
the
1700s.
D
Unfortunately,
that's
no
longer
true
because
of
an
introduced
in
sect
called
the
hemlock
woolly
adelgid,
which
has
really
caused
devastation
in
that
area,
but
these
are
areas
that
are
have
not
been
harvested
at
all.
Linville
gorge
didn't
have
any
American
chestnut
and
so
pretty
much
the
vegetation.
What
was
natural
but
we're
talking
about
visibility
and
one
of
the
goal
that
we
have
is
that
on
the
haziest
days
we
also
call
these
the
worst
visibility
days
that,
on
average,
will
be
able
to
see
73
miles.
That's
what
the
goal
is
now
I
guess.
D
I
should
tell
you
that
that
goal
all
is
set
to
occur
by
the
year
twenty
sixty
four.
So
it's
going
to
be
a
little
while
before
we
actually
reach
that
goal.
Now
we
also
you
know,
take
the
data
and
we
talked
about
the
best
visibility
days
and
what's
going
on
with
this
program
called
the
regional
haze
program?
Is
that
the
worst
days
or
the
haziest
days
we
want
those
to
improve
by
2064
and
the
days
that
are
classified
as
the
best
visibility
days
now?
D
Yes,
they
may
improve
slightly,
but
we
don't
want
them
to
have
any
poor.
We
don't
want
them
to
get
any
easier,
and
so
we
do
have
times
when
the
visibility
is
quite
good
here
in
Western,
North
Carolina,
for
example,
when
a
large
cold
front
passes
through
in
january
or
februari,
we
can
have
some
pretty
clear
skies
and
very
little
haze.
D
So
we
have
talked
about
and
Paul
started,
talking
about
this-
that
about
fine
particulate
matter
now.
Remember
five
particulates
are
concerned
because
they
can
penetrate
deep
into
your
lungs
and
if
you
have
respiratory
problems,
it
can
exacerbate
the
exacerbate
those
problems,
but
also
the
fine
particles
can
pass
through
the
lungs
into
your
bloodstream
and
they
can
increase
the
likelihood
of
heart
attacks
occurring
now.
Those
same
particles
that
we
care
about
in
terms
of
our
help.
These
same
particles,
these
particles
also
are
responsible
for
the
haziness
that
we
see.
D
So,
if
you
think
about
driving
across
the
smoking
mount
a
smoky
park
bridge
during
the
summer
months,
if
you
try
and
look
at
Mount
Pisgah,
let's
say
ten
years
ago.
Very
quite
often,
you
could
not
see
that
Mount
Pisgah
existed
there,
but
we
still
have
days
where
you
still
can't
see
Mount
Pisgah.
During
those
times,
I
would
like
to
say
that
we've
been
monitoring
quite
quite
a
while
at
one
time
in
the
local
program,
also
included
Haywood
County.
D
We
work
with
them
cooperatively
to
actually
set
up
the
first
monitoring
site
at
our
frying,
pan
site
that
building
finally
got
overrun
by
mice,
and
so
we've
finally
replaced
that
building
and
what
you
can
see
at
this
building
is
that
there's
these
stacks
now
Paul
talked
about
one
way
that
monitoring
is
done
for
human
health
is
on
a
24-hour
basis
on
a
daily
basis,
and
that's
the
kind
of
monitor
that
we
have
here
now.
These
monitoring
data
that
we're
collecting
cannot
be
used
for
human
health
purposes
just
to
let
you
know
stats.
D
So
what
Paul
said
that?
There's
no
high-elevation
PM
2.5
monitoring.
That
is
correct.
There's
none
for
two
in
terms
of
human
health,
but
what
we're
doing
is
that
we
collect
samples
every
third
day.
We
have
a
filter,
the
air,
the
pumps
pump,
the
air
through
these
nozzles
up
here
and
the
particles
are
separated
and
the
finest
particles
land
up
on
the
filter.
D
Then
we
send
our
samples
to
the
University
of
California
and
Davis
and
we
get
the
results
back
in
about
a
year,
because
the
analysis
that
we're
doing
is
very
advanced
and
what
we're
looking
for
on
those
particles
are
sulfates,
nitrate,
organics,
soil
and
elemental
carbon.
Now
the
organics
are
mainly
released
from
vegetation.
It
is
what
we
see
the
sulfate
as
Paul
described,
are
primarily
it
began
as
sulfur
dioxide
gas,
and
it
goes
through
a
chemical
transformation
to
form
these
fine
particles
in
the
atmosphere.
D
Nitrates
are
mainly
from
nitrogen
oxide
soil.
We
course
can
come
from
agriculture,
but
if
we
had
when
we
look
at,
for
example,
the
monitoring
data
down
in
Florida,
they
will
sometimes
pick
up
dust
storms
that
come
across
the
Atlantic
Ocean
from
Africa
and
rarely
will
pick
up
African
dust
on
our
samples,
an
elemental
carbon
that
mainly
could
is
coming
from.
D
Perhaps
diesel
vehicles,
but
also
from
vegetation
burn,
wildfires
prescribed
fires,
land
clearing
at
that,
and
so
we've
been
monitoring
for
a
number
of
years,
and
we
have
we
understand
the
patterns
that
are
occurring
in
terms
of
the
types
of
fine
particles
that
were
measuring
on
the
y-axis.
This
is
the
concentration
and
now
we
have
group
the
data
into
the
best
days,
as
well
as
the
haziest
or
the
worst
days
and
the
annual
average.
D
The
organics
are
coming
from
the
vegetation
and
that's
one
reason
why
they
call
them
the
Blue
Ridge
Mountains
sojers
is
naturally
occurring,
but
it
should
have
a
bluish
cast
to
the
mountains,
not
the
white
veil
or
the
grey
veil
that
we
see
so
again.
I
want
to
emphasize
that
some
haziness
is
natural
in
this
region
and
it
should
be
dominated
by
organics,
okay,
so
we're
going
to
change
perspectives
here
that
we
had
a
camera
at
Richland
balsam,
you
folks
that
are
familiar
with
the
Blue
Ridge
Parkway.
D
We
we
actually
took
this
picture
three
times
a
day,
seven
days
a
week
for
four
years,
so
that
we
could
actually
tell
everyone
that
we
have
haze
and
from
the
camera
cold
mountain,
as
was
is
eight
miles,
was
eight
miles
from
that
view,
mount
pisgah
where
the
TV
tower
wls-tv
towers
located,
is
14
miles
and
then
the
black
mountains
is
about
46
miles.
The
black
mountains
is
where
Mount
Mitchell
is
located.
So
this
was
the
view
that
we
originally
began
monitoring
and
we
can
also
use
this
one
for
modeling.
D
We
can
try
and
do
simulations
in
terms
of
what,
if
we
reduce,
for
example,
sulfates
and
atmosphere.
Well,
one
of
the
things
that's
VI
I've
actually
heard
people
say
this
when
I've
stopped
along
the
Blue
Ridge
Parkway.
Is
that
the
haziness
that
we're
seeing
it's
just
do
the
water
vapor
I
mean
it
gets
pretty
humid
around
here,
sometimes,
and
in
this
image
here
on
the
left-hand
side
was
average
fine
particle
mass.
D
That
was,
that
bar
chart
that
I
showed
you
in
terms
of
those
numbers
for
the
different
types
of
fine
particles
with
ninety-eight
percent
humidity
pretty
humid
day.
So
one
of
the
things
you
can
do
with
models
as
I
mentioned
is
just
ask
question.
You
know
what,
if
we
reduce
sulfates
by
ninety
percent
because
they're
the
primary
find
particle
and
atmosphere
and
still
had
a
high
humidity,
okay,
so
that's
going
to
come
up
on
the
right
hand,
side.
So
try
and
guess
in
your
mind
what
that
might
look
like.
D
Excuse
me,
that's
me:
did
you
guess
that
water
vapor
by
itself
does
not
cause
visibility,
impairment,
water,
vapor
with
fine
car
becase?
Does
that's
how
you
get
the
haziness,
especially
for
sulfates
the
sulfates
in
a
human
atmosphere.
They
actually
grow
in
size
and
they
are
the
perfect
size
to
scatter
light.
D
That's
really
what
we're
seeing
with
the
haziness
is
a
scattering
of
the
sunlight
that's
going
on,
and
so,
when
you
reduce
sulfates
significantly,
you
will
get
significant
improvements
in
visibility,
and
so
it
will
be
necessary
to
reduce
sulfates
in
the
atmosphere
in
order
to
attain
our
national
goal
of
no
man-made
visibility.
Impairment
in
the
class
1
areas
now
you've,
probably
surmised
already,
if
we
improve
visibility
at
the
class
1
areas
in
Western,
North
Carolina
visibilities,
can
be
a
lot
better
in
Asheville,
also
as
well
as
throughout
Western,
North
Carolina.
D
And
so
again,
though,
when
we're
looking
at
this
path
we,
but
the
collecting
of
our
data
at
sites
like
we
have
at
frying
pan
mountain.
We
establish
the
baseline
based
upon
five
years
of
data
and
for
the
worst
days,
what
we
identified
based
upon
measuring
fine
particles
is
that,
on
average,
on
the
worst
days,
that
the
visibility
is
about
14
miles
and
remember
our
goal
by
2060
for
them
for
the
worst
visibility
days,
we're
trying
to
get
to
73
miles.
D
So
this
is
the
actual
monitoring
data
that
work
that
we're
looking
at
going
back
to
the
year
2000.
Okay,
the
green
line
here
is
our
goal
for
2064.
This
is
the
data
that
we've
collected
for
shining
rock
wilderness.
This
is
the
data
that
we've
collected
for
linville
gorge
and
we
also
have
results
for
Joyce
Kilmer
and
the
results
are
very
similar.
But
what
we
can
see
is
that
when
we
have
the
blue
light
blue
dashed
line
here,
there's
not
much
for
slow
to
it,
but
eventually
out
here
at
2064.
D
It's
supposed
to
me
the
green
line
at
the
top,
and
what
we
can
see
recently
is
that,
oh,
let
me
back
up
one
moment,
so
this
is
on
an
annual
basis.
You
can
think
of
it.
This
is
what
we're
trying
to
attain.
This
would
be
our
reasonable
progress
to
finally
reach
that
goal
of
the
green
line
by
2064
and
recently
what
you
can
see
at
both
of
our
sites.
D
D
Ok,
so
here
again
is
our
baseline.
2002-2004
here
is
cold
mountain.
Hopefully
you
can
see
that,
and
here
is
where
we
are
currently
based
upon
the
monitoring
data.
What
I
just
showed
you
so
hopefully-
and
it's
always
hard
in
a
room
like
this-
you
might
be
able
to
see
a
slight
improvement
we're
at
18
miles
now
in
terms
of
visibility.
Now,
let's
pay
attention
to
Mount
Pisgah
here.
Ok,
what
I'm
going
to
do!
The
next
slide
is
just
going
to
reverse
the
images
we've
put
the
baseline
over
here.
C
D
D
Well,
we've
talked
about
this
already
it's
been
suggested,
but
certainly
when
North
Carolina
implemented
the
clean
smokestacks
act
that
has
been
significant
in
terms
of
getting
us
on
a
path
to
reduce
sulfur
dioxide
emissions
from
coal-fired
power
plants
and
we're
seeing
improvements,
because
because
of
that,
I
think
some
of
the
biggest
benefits
are
for
linville
gorge.
The
Tennessee
Valley
Authority
recently
settled
with
EPA.
They
are
making
major
reductions
in
terms
of
their
emissions
of
sulfur
dioxide,
one
of
their
facilities
in
eastern
Tennessee.
D
They
have
actually
shut
down
the
coal
fire
units
that
I
believe
they've
been
dismantled
at
this
time
and
they've
gone
to
natural
gas
at
that
particular
facility.
So
their
improvements
are
very
important.
There's
something
at
the
national
level
called
the
Clean
Air
interstate
rule
and
it's
still
being
implemented
by
all
the
states,
so
I
haven't
really
hit
on
this
Harbor
I.
Guess
I've
suggested
it
that
the
you
know
the
visibility
impairment
that
we're
seeing
yes,
most
of
it
is
caused
from
sources
in
eastern
Tennessee
as
well
as
Western,
North
Carolina.
D
That's
why
the
reductions
that
were
made
at
the
I
guess
we'll
call
it
the
Duke
facility
of
the
Skyland
plant.
You
know
we're
very
important,
as
well
as
some
other
facilities
that
are
along
the
piedmont,
but
also
reductions
that
occur
in
georgia
and
alabama
will
also
help
in
terms
of
improving
visibility.
D
Well
that
didn't
quite
work
out
so
part
of
the
regional
haze
rule.
We
looked
at
these
older
facilities
and
we
looked
at
the
economics
and
we
said
what
can
they
put
on
in
terms
of
best
available
control
technology
and
so,
for
example,
Tennessee
Eastman
up
in
the
Kingsport
area
was
a
source
identified
that
particular
source
could
impact
linville
gorge.
They
the
control
technology
that
was
identified.
They
were
supposed
to
reduce
their
sulfur
dioxide
emissions.
Based
on
that,
they
recently
came
back
and
said.
D
D
So
maybe
a
couple
years,
if
I
talk
to
you
again,
I'll
have
you
have
even
better
numbers.
We
do
have
a
website
with
the
Forest
Service
fair
program.
This
is
the
web
address
and
we
talk
about
things
like
how
acidification
has
an
impact
on
the
forest.
We
have
webcams
if
you're
interested
at
Joyce,
Kilmer
shining,
wrap
or
buffaloes
out
in
Missouri.
A
Thanks
Bill
great
job
is
always
really
interesting.
Okay,
I'm
going
to
shift
gears
a
little
bit
and
talk
about
vehicles.
We
talked
a
lot
quite
a
bit
about
power
plants
and
the
emissions
that
been
made
at
power
plants
and
I.
Think
Paul
or
Ashley
may
have
indicated
that
at
least
here
in
Buncombe
County
that
now
that
the
Skyland
generating
plant
is
reduced,
their
emissions
so
substantially
due
to
the
clean
smokestacks,
acted
that
you
know.
Vehicles
are
a
much
higher
percentage
of
the
emissions
here
in
Buncombe
County
than
they
used
to
be
much
larger
percentage.
A
So
so
my
presentation
today
I'm
going
to
focus
on
on
vehicles
and
how
we
can
reduce
emissions
from
vehicles
and
going
to
talk
specifically
about
the
clean
vehicles
coalition
and
a
Clean
Cities
program
that
we're
a
part
of
and
the
work
of
all
our
stakeholders
that
remember
members
of
our
coalition.
What
they're
doing
here
in
the
region
and
be
glad
to
answer
any
questions
as
we
go
along.
A
We
grabbed
him
in
putting
to
work
for
us
part-time
and
he
just
does
a
great
job.
So
we
formed
the
clean
vehicles
coalition
back
in
2004
to
promote
the
use
of
alternative
fuel
vehicles
and
advanced
technology
vehicles
here
in
the
actual
metropolitan
area,
the
area
that
we
focus
our
efforts
on
five-county
area.
A
We
approached
by
the
head
of
the
State
Energy
Office
in
2004,
and
he
asked
us
if
we
would
be
interested
in
pursuing
a
Clean
Cities
designation
from
the
US
Department
of
Energy
and
provided
some
financial
resources
to
us
to
to
start
this
whole
effort,
and
since
then,
we've
accomplished
a
lot,
and
just
last
summer
we
received
our
Clean
Cities
designation
from
the
US
Department
of
Energy
Clean
Cities
program
we
became
our
region
became
the
85th
designated
coalition
in
the
country.
Remember
real
proud
of
that,
so
we
work
towards
this
achievement
over
an
eight-year
period.
A
One
reason
it
took
us
a
little
longer
than
maybe
other
major
metro
areas
around
the
country
that
been
designated
is
that
we
almost
as
a
region
almost
had
to
start
from
scratch
in
terms
of
getting
alternative
fuel
vehicles
in
place
before
the
the
Department
of
Energy
will
designate
you
as
a
Clean
Cities
you,
your
region,
has
to
show
its
commitment
towards
promoting
the
use
of
these
fuels
and
technologies.
You
have
to
have
a
lot
of
programs,
a
lot
of
education
outreach.
A
You
have
to
get
a
coalition
and
a
coordinator,
and
you
have
to
have
a
lot
in
place
to
to
meet
that
that
goal
and
we're
a
fairly
small
urban
area
or
really
a
rural
area
with
one
large
city.
So
we
only
had
about
a
hundred
alternative
fuel
vehicles
in
the
region
and
we
needed
at
least
400
to
to
qualify
for
designation.
Now,
we've
got
about
1,400
after
this
eight
year
period.
So
we've
we've
accomplished
a
lot
as
a
group.
D
A
The
Clean
Cities
program
was
created
back
in
1993
when
Congress
passed.
The
energy
policy
act
is
known
as
a
pact,
and
they
wanted
to
start
promoting
the
use
of
alternative
fuels
to
help
reduce
petroleum
use
in
the
country.
Help
us
get
off
foreign
oil.
That's
do
E's
main
objective
is
to
get
off
foreign
oil,
so
in
the
EPAct
they
had
it,
they
identified
or
defined
alternative
fuels
at
that
time,
and
so
I'm
going
to
flip
forward.
A
A
Several
years
back,
the
US
Department
of
Energy
realized
that
they
weren't
going
to
meet
the
the
nation's
petroleum
reduction
goals
with
just
promoting
these
alternative
fuels.
So
what
they
did
is
they
expanded
the
portfolio
of
the
Clean
Cities
program
to
include
other
other
fuels?
There
were
other
technologies
and
programs
that
you
can
duce
petroleum
use
things
like
idle
reduction,
vehicle
miles,
traveled
VMT
reduction,
the
use
of
hybrids
gas
electric.
A
So
you
can
just
see
what
the
the
goal
of
the
program
is.
In
addition
to
reducing
petroleum,
most
of
these
fuels
are
cleaner
burning
help
us
lower
emissions.
Also,
a
benefit
of
all
of
this
is
job.
Creation
of
this
is
all
part
of
the
clean
energy
economy
that
is,
is
creating
a
lot
of
jobs
in
this
area
across
the
country.
So,
quite
a
few
new
jobs,
good
jobs
in
this
particular
field.
A
So
what's
the
benefit
of
being
part
of
this
Clean
Cities
a
lot
of
networking
as
a
coordinator,
I
interact
with
the
coordinators
from
all
of
these
other
areas
that
you
see
here,
including
people
from
Honolulu
we're
trying
to
get
a
meeting.
You
know
how
to
live
the
deal.
We
won't
do
that,
but
we
do
meet
around
the
country
and
we
collaborate
a
lot
and
there's
some
funding
opportunities
that
come
through
the
Department
of
Energy
Clean
Cities
program.
As
a
designated
coalition.
A
We
now
get
a
coalition
support
grain
of
thirty
thousand
dollars
a
year
to
help
support
some
of
our
operations
and
then
a
tremendous
amount
of
technical
assistance.
I
can
pick
up
the
phone
or
send
an
email
to
a
technical
response
service
and
get
answers
to
just
about
any
question
that
you
might
have
about
fuels
and
technologies,
and
and
can
talk
two
coordinators
and
do
a
officials
and
the
national
labs
around
the
country.
Nrel
Oak,
Ridge,
National
Lab
is
a
part
of
this
Clean
Cities
program
as
well.
A
That's
where
a
lot
of
the
research
work
is
being
done.
So
I
mentioned
these
are
the
fuels
they'll
alternative
fuels
highlighted
the
first,
for
those
are
the
ones
that
have
had
the
most
interest
here
in
the
actual
region:
ethanol,
EA,
t5,
ethanol,
it's
eighty-five
percent
ethanol.
Fifteen
percent
gasoline
has
met
its
not
really
caught
on
here
it
has
in
the
Midwest
where
they
grow,
corn,
which
they're
using
to
produce
ethanol.
There's
been
some
controversy
about
ethanol.
A
We
had
a
couple
of
state
gas
stations
here
using
or
selling
the
85
ethanol
and
they've
they've
all
shut
down
their
pumps
for
various
reasons,
but
so
we
don't
have
any
public
access
or
commercial
stations
to
purchase,
F
and
all
like
other
areas,
but
I
think
ethanol
will
well.
I
should
say
that
all
of
the
gasoline
you're
buying
now
pretty
much
has
ten
percent
ethanol
in
a
t10.
As
you
see
on
the
gas
pumps,
but.
D
A
There
are
hydrogen
fuel
cell
vehicles,
I
drove
one
at
one
of
the
conferences
about
six
years
ago
out
in
California,
really
neat,
but
they
are
so
expensive
to
produce
that
every
year
you
go
back
to
the
conference
national
conference
and
it's
15
years
out.
You
go
back
the
next
year,
still
15
years
out,
so
I
don't
think
we're
going
to
see
hydrogen
fuel
cell
vehicles
anytime
soon
commercially
available
at
a
reasonable
price
anyway.
So
some
of
the
benefits
of
using
alternative
fuel
vehicles
or
advanced
technology
vehicles.
A
Many
of
these
fuels,
including
biodiesel.
Now
when
that's
that's
different
than
it's
been
in
the
past,
but
many
of
these
fuels
are
cheaper,
especially
propane
natural
gas,
but
even
biodiesel
here
locally
from
Blue
Ridge
biofuels
is,
is
costing
less,
especially
if
you're
purchasing
it
directly
from
them.
A
Energy
security,
every
gallon
of
petroleum,
that
we
stopped
using
is
helping
us
meet
that
goal
of
getting
off
a
foreign
oil,
at
least
four
and
all
from
some
of
the
countries
that
don't
particularly
think
much
of
the
United
States
and
then
fewer
emissions,
all
of
all
of
the
fuels
pretty
much
reducing
missions,
and
it
it
really
varies.
I
wish
I
could
put
one
slide
up
here
that
showed
you.
You
know
the
different
pollutants
that
we've
been
talking
about
versus
the
different
fuels
and
there's
just
so
much
variability,
and
things
have
kind
of
changed.
One
thing.
A
I'll
say
this
is
a
positive
thing,
but
the
the
gasoline
diesel
fuels
have
gotten
cleaner
and
the
especially
the
diesel
engines.
I,
think
it's
starting
in
2010
had
to
be
considerably
cleaner,
so
the
gas
and
diesel
vehicles
that
you're
buying
now,
at
least
in
the
last
couple
of
years,
are
very,
very
clean
compared
to
what
they
were
five
ten
years
ago.
So
the
difference
between
the
alternative
fuel
vehicles
and
the
conventional
vehicles.
A
Just
some
of
the
things
that
we
do
I
was
part
of
the
clean
vehicles
coalition.
We
pull
a
lot
of
people
together.
We
do
a
lot
of
education
and
outreach.
We
have
the
vehicles
out
at
car
shows
of
just
last
week
we
had
the
airport
ground
transportation
association
national
conference
here
in
downtown
Nashville.
We
had
about
ten
vehicles
on
display
out
in
the
parking
lot
shown,
those
off
to
the
folks
that
make
decisions
about
what
kind
of
vehicles
are
going
to
operate
at
airports.
A
You've
seen
some
of
this
already
from
Ashley's
presentation,
probably
Paul's
as
well.
There
are
a
lot
of
things
that
week
do
to
reduce
emissions
from
vehicles
without
switching
to
alternative
fuels
or
hybrids,
or
anything
else,
just
all
the
alternative
modes
of
transportation
that
that
we
just
have
to
get
it
in
a
mindset
of
using
these
things
and
practicing
these
things,
telecommuting,
I'm
working,
probably
on
average,
maybe
one
day
a
week
at
home.
Now
with
the
technology
we
have
now
with
cellphones
and
computers,
I
mean
it's
easy
to
do
that.
A
What
you
know
how
close
you
are
to
to
work
in
school?
A
lot
of
things
you
can
do
carpooling
there
are
new
park
and
ride
lots
in
the
region
that
are
quite
popular.
There
was
one
built
in
Haywood,
County
and
I-40.
What
about
two
years
ago:
luba
I,
guess
the
one
at
the
newfound
exit
and
and
it
its
full,
almost
everyday
I
go
by
that
one.
So
a
lot
of
folks
are
carpooling
toward
reducing
emissions
and
saving
on
fuels.
We
mentioned
idling
and
purchasing
a
fuel-efficient
vehicle.
A
You
don't
buy
after
buy
a
hybrid,
you
don't
have
to
have
an
alternative
fuel
vehicle.
You
can
go
to
fuel
economy
gov!
That's
the
website
that
Oak
Ridge
National
Lab
produces
for
the
Department
of
Energy.
You
can
go
in
there
and
compare
two
or
three
vehicles
side
by
side,
and
you
can
see
you
can
compare
their
missions
and
their
fuel
efficiency
and
different
features
and
call
it's
a
very
useful
site.
So
we
want
to
make
the
public
aware
of
that
one
particular
site.
That's
such
a
great
tool
for
helping
people
reduce
their
impact.
A
I'm
not
going
to
go
through
all
the
detail
on
these
slides,
but
I
just
wanted
to
touch
on
a
number
of
the
fuels,
a
lot
of
interest
in
our
region
and
biodiesel.
Over
the
last
eight
years,
many
of
you
that
are
from
the
area
know
about
Blue
Ridge
biofuels,
local
biodiesel,
production
company
start
out
really
small,
with
just
a
few
guys
that
wanted
to
make
it
for
themselves
for
their
own
vehicles
and
is
blossomed
into
a
growing
small
business.
A
They're
down
on
the
riverfront
producing
biodiesel
and
biodiesel
is
a
great
great
fuel,
and
so
there's
a
lot
of
interest
in
using
it
here
locally.
You
can
see
the
listing
of
just
a
few
of
the
entities
that
are
using
biodiesel
and
you
can
use
it
in
different
blends,
but
be
20
is
the
most
popular
blend
at
twenty
percent.
Biodiesel.
80%
petroleum
diesel
got
some
fuel
cost
figures
down
there
at
the
bottom.
A
A
Talked
about
Blue
Ridge
biofuels:
they
are
making
biodiesel
not
from
virgin
soy
oil
like
it's
being
done
around
the
country
around
the
world,
but
from
used
cooking
oil
that
they're
getting
from
over
500
restaurants
and
facilities
in
the
region,
and
that's
the
one
thing
that's
limiting
their
production
of
making
more
is
having
enough
of
this
feedstock.
So
their
big
effort
right
now
is
to
get
more
of
this
used
cooking
oil
by
various
means,
so
they
can
make
more
of
the
fuel
and
make
it
available
there.
Eight
commercial
gas
stations
in
the
region.
A
The
community
oil
recycling
Corps
program
is
an
example
of
the
outreach
that
they're
doing
right
now.
To
get
more
of
this
used
cooking
oil
and
blue
ridge,
biofuels
would
be
glad
to
come
and
speak
to
a
group
about
what
they're
doing
real
exciting
project
is.
This
f3
initiative
filled
the
fryer
to
fuel
their
working
with
the
biltmore
estate
and
a
number
of
other
entities.
Some
grant
funds
I've
been
attained
from
the
North
Carolina
bio
fuel
center
to
launch
this
project
and
they're
growing
Patrick.
A
What
about
60
acres,
50,
60
acres
of
canola
on
the
biltmore
estate
right
now
and
they'll,
be
crushing
the
seeds
and
making
vegetable
oil
to
be
used
in
restaurants
in
the
area
and
then
that
fuel
will
be
given
back
to
blue
ridge
biofuels
to
to
make
fuel
for
for
various
vehicles.
So
it's
a
real,
exciting
project.
A
A
A
You
can
see
why
it's
so
popular
with
the
fuel
costs
tremendous
savings
on
the
fuel,
however,
to
convert
or
purchase
an
anthro
gas
vehicle,
it
can
be
quite
expensive,
so
a
lot
of
the
entities
that
have
switched
have
tapped
into
state
and
federal
grants
with
our
help
to
convert
their
fleets.
The
this
is
a
street
sweeper
that
was
purchased
last
year
by
the
city
of
hendersonville
and
to
purchase
a
natural
gas
sweeper.
It's
about
thirty
thousand
dollars
extra.
A
We
are
very
fortunate
to
have
already
three
public
access
natural
gas
stations
in
the
regions.
Chris
opened
the
first
one
in
the
region
in
2005,
the
city
of
Nashville,
downtown
altec
eco
and
a
CNG
vehicle
conversion.
Company
down
an
ardent
opened,
the
second
one,
and
then
last
year,
Megan
in
Henderson
County
opened
henderson
county
public
access
station.
The
city
of
hendersonville
uses
that
as
well
as
several
others,
and
as
we
speak,
PSNC
our
natural
gas
provider
utility
here
in
the
region
is
building
our
fourth
public
access.
A
There
are
some
entire
states
that
don't
have
public
access.
Cng
facilities
in
little
ol
ass,
Ville
region
already
has
three
with
one
more
coming
online
very
soon.
So
we
had
a
lot
of
interest
here
and
been
fortunate
to
tap
into
some
of
the
state
and
federal
funds.
One
big
pot
of
federal
funding
that
we've
tapped
into
in
the
last
three
years
is
the
Department
of
Energy
Clean
Cities
program.
This
is
part
of
the
stimulus
program.
A
They
had
three
hundred
million
dollars
to
give
out
projects
around
the
country
and
we
partnered
with
a
number
of
Clean
Cities,
coalition's
and
other
groups
in
North
and
South
Carolina
for
a
12
million
dollar
application
that
was
funded
and
so
there's
40
projects
over
North
and
South
Carolina,
various
types
that
were
funded
under
this
carolina
blue
skies
project
and
a
million
little
over.
A
million
of
that
12
came
here
to
the
Asheville
region
for
four
projects:
hendersonville
Henderson,
County,
Asheville
and
Mission
Hospital.
A
Those
are
all
natural
gas
vehicles,
37
vehicles
were
deployed
into
of
existing
stations,
were
upgraded
or
expanded
for
additional
capacity,
propane,
also
kind
of
started
out
slow
in
our
region.
There
was
very
little
interest
in
it
in
part
because
we
didn't
have
any
fleets
really
using
it
and
we
didn't
have
any
success
stories,
but
because
of
the
low
cost
of
propane
is
similar
in
price
to
natural
gas.
You
know
you're
looking
to
saving
a
dollar
to
two
dollars,
a
gallon
by
using
these
fuels.
A
So
that's
getting
a
lot
of
interest,
but
now
we
have
success
stories
in
our
region
as
well,
which
I'll
touch
on
in
just
a
second,
and
one
of
them
actually
is
is
in
the
photograph
the
Biltmore
Estate
converted
to
vehicles
about
a
year
ago
to
propane
and
they're
in
the
process
of
converting
more
because
they're,
very
happy
with
the
project.
I
guess
our
first
success
story,
I'll
just
go
ahead
and
tell
you
about
that.
It's
on
the
next
slide.
A
The
first
success
story
was
mounting
the
ability
to
punkin
county
transportation
program
here,
converted
ten
vehicles
they
instead
propane
by
two
years
ago
and
are
very,
very
happy.
They've
pursued
additional
grant
opportunities
to
expand
that
and
they've
gotten
a
lot
of
a
great
press
PR,
because
it's
just
that
they're
also.
They
also
have
12
natural
gas
shuttle
buses.
A
So
they
really,
I
think
over
half
of
their
fleet
now
is
in
alternative
fuels,
but
they
were
a
first
real
propane
success
story
and
and
because
of
that,
other
people
started
paying
attention
and
wanting
to
try
propane
as
well.
Propane
is
much
easier
to
get
into
cost
wise.
The
vehicles
are,
it's
less
expensive
to
convert
and
the
fueling
infrastructure
is
considerably
cheaper
than
natural
gas
and
can
be
installed
fairly
quickly
within
probably
a
week
or
two.
A
You
could
have
a
fuelling
pump
like
this
when
it
mount
mobility
in
versus
building
a
natural
gas
station,
which
is
quite
expensive
and
involved,
and
my
photograph
never
shows
up
on
this
slide.
I've
got
to
get
that
fixed
I
mentioned
Mount
mobility.
They
won
a
cleaner
Excellence
Award
last
year
from
the
local
area,
air
agency
for
their
work,
and
also
last
year,
the
bunker
County
Sheriff's
Department
tapped
into
some
federal
funds
and
converted
10
ford
crown
victorias
to
propane.
They
are
very,
very
happy.
Buncombe
sheriff
and
duncan
spoke
at
a
event.
A
A
So
just
a
good
comparison
to
the
different
types
of
plug-in
electric
vehicles
is
really
two
different
types.
The
go
ahead
put
all
the
information
appears,
so
you
can
see
it.
The
nissan
leaf
is
a
pure
electric
vehicle
does
not
have
a
gasoline
tank.
Gasoline
motor
runs
only
on
electric,
no
tailpipe
emissions.
You
can
see
the
range
there.
You
can
see
the
cost.
They
are
fairly
expensive
right
now,
but
there
is
a
federal
tax
credit
that
brings
that
down
significantly.
A
A
So
you
don't
have
the
range
anxiety
issues
with
the
plugins
again,
the
cost
is
up
there.
There
is
a
major
effort
underway.
The
bomb
administration
is,
is
putting
millions
of
dollars
into
battery
research
and
research
to
make
these
vehicles
more
efficient,
I
think
their
goal
is
within
ten
years
to
have
the
cost
of
these
electric
drive
vehicles
down
to
two.
What
a
conventional
vehicle
is.
That's
the
major
push
right
now.
A
So
we
haven't
electric
vehicles,
committee
and
Brian
Taylor
in
that
group
have
been
meeting
for
the
last
year
or
two
and
getting
our
region
ready
for
the
rollout
we're
basically
trying
to
get
charging
stations
in
place.
Do
the
education
outreach
if
it
needs
to
be
done
to
make
the
transition
to
these
vehicles
as
easy
as
possible?
You
can
see
some
of
the
dealerships.
The
Chevy
and
Nissan
dealerships
that
are
selling
the
v's
or
peds
in
the
area.
City
of
Asheville
last
year
bought
this
Chevy
Volt
for
their
Police
Department.
A
We
had
that
out
at
the
conference
ground
transport
conference
last
week,
as
well
as
a
as
a
league.
We've
got
it
a
seventy
to
a
hundred
electric
vehicles
in
the
region,
a
fairly
small
number,
but
it
is
growing
in
pretty
significantly.
We
have
worked
with
a
group
in
Raleigh
called
advanced
energy
and
some
other
entities
to
obtain
some
grant
funds
to
put
in
some
charging
station
start
building
this
network
of
charging
stations.
So
we've
got
about
40
charging
cords
at
over
20
locations
in
the
region.
A
Transportation
solution
have
installed
three
or
four
of
those
across
the
region,
including
one
in
our
parking
lot,
which
basically
they're
run
it
you're
driving
on
sunshine,
because
you're
generating
the
solar
power
to
offset
that
the
power
you
pull
off
the
grid,
there's
just
some
of
the
entities
that
are
working
with
the
group
I'm
not
going
to
go
into
all
the
detail,
but
you've
got
three
different
levels:
speeds
of
charging
and
the
cost
varies
considerably
most.
The
charges
going
to
be
done
at
a
home
at
night.
A
That's
when
they
want
people
to
to
charge
when
there's
more
capacity
on
on
the
grid,
but
there
still
is
a
need
for
these
charging
stations
out
in
the
community
to
make
people
more
comfortable
with
this
technology
into
transition
to
it.
These
are
some
projections
from
a
national
group
that
tracks
the
sort
of
thing
and
the
growth
of
the
vehicles
and
the
the
charging
stations
and
what's
projected
for
our
region.
In
we
were
part
of
a
group
last
year
that
received
a
Department
of
Energy
electric
vehicles,
readiness
grant
and
five
hundred
thousand
dollar
grant.
A
So
this
shows
some
of
the
growth
in
the
use
of
alternative
fuels
and
some
of
these
technologies
here
in
the
five-county
region.
I
haven't
had
a
chance
to
update
this
one.
Yet
we
just
did
the
inventory
of
vehicles
and
fuels
used
for
2012
calendar
year
and
we
have
already
exceeded
the.
What
was
projected
for
2013
of
looks
like
about
to
excuse
me,
660
or
so
for
2012.
We
were
up
to
seven
hundred
and
seventy
thousand
gallons,
so
quite
a
bit
of
growth
and
we're
real
pleased
with
that.