►
From YouTube: Ozone Kickoff 2015 full
Description
Here is the entire Land-of-Sky Regional Air Quality's Ozone Kickoff 2015 press conference.
To view the news update which summarizes it, visit:
http://youtu.be/KdUKEGU65BI
A
Appreciate
everybody
coming
out
today,
I'm
bill
acre
a
senior
planner
with
the
land
of
sky
Regional
Council
here
in
Asheville
and
I
serve
as
a
coordinator
of
the
regional
clean
air
campaign
and
also
the
coordinator
of
the
land
of
sky
clean
vehicles
coalition.
Today
we
are
kicking
off
the
ozone
pollution
forecasting
season.
A
With
this
workshop
and
press
conference
state-issued
air
quality
forecasts
for
ground-level
pollution
pollution
levels
will
begin
today
for
April
first,
and
these
forecasts
can
be
accessed
by
logging
on
to
the
North
Carolina
air
awareness
website,
and
you
can
also
get
them
through
media
outlets
and
paul
moller
with
the
state
division
of
air
quality
is
here
today
and
he'll,
give
us
more
details
about
these
forecasts
during
his
presentation.
A
few
minutes.
So,
as
you
know,
air
quality
has
been
an
issue
in
our
region
for
several
decades.
A
Air
pollution
can
impact
our
health,
our
environment
and
also
our
economy.
So
we
must
take
proactive
measures
to
minimize
these
impacts
and
our
region
is
growing.
This
growth
is
resulting
in
more
cars
and
trucks,
on
our
highways,
more
homes
and
buildings
to
heat
and
cool,
not
to
mention
all
the
lawn
mowers.
Weed
eaters
and
blowers
and
everything
else
that
emits
so
to
keep
up
with
this
growth.
We
must
take
action
to
reduce
our
energy
consumption.
A
I
also
want
to
thank
Buncombe
County
TV
for
coming
out
today
to
take
the
tape,
the
entire
vent
and
to
conduct
some
interviews
and
that
information
will
be
on
their
website
in
the
coming
weeks.
So,
look
for
that.
I
also
want
to
thank
the
media
for
coming
out
today
and
covering
this
event.
We
can't
we
can't
educate
the
public
and
decision-makers
in
our
community
without
help
from
the
media.
A
So
thank
you
all
for
coming
so
at
this
time,
I
would
like
to
do
some
introductions
in
the
audience
and
I
realize
I
forgot
one
of
our
staff
members
with
one
of
our
sponsors,
Shannon,
Culpepper
and
I'm,
introducing
her
as
she
takes
a
bite
of
something
so
Shannon
thanks
for
being
here
mayor.
Would
you
introduce
yourself
please.
B
A
B
A
A
Okay,
Betsy
and
James,
and
with
the
media:
okay,
max:
okay,
just
Steve!
Okay!
Thank
you
all
so
much
for
coming
out
all
right.
Well,
at
this
time,
I'll
introduce
paul
moller
paul
is
a
regional
supervisor
of
the
asheville
regional
office,
with
the
north
carolina
division
of
air
quality
and
one
of
our
region's
air
quality
experts
and
he'll
be
addressing
air
quality
issues
kind
of
at
the
state
and
federal
level
and
Paul.
Thank
you
so
much.
C
Good
morning,
and
today
is
the
beginning
of
the
ozone
forecasting
season
for
this
year,
the
ozone
monitoring
season
runs
from
April
first
through
the
end
of
October.
The
forecast
season
runs
to
the
end
of
sep
tember
and
they
are
issued
each
day
about
three
o'clock.
So
if
you
are
interested
in
going
hiking
tomorrow,
you
may
want
to
be
checking
our
air
quality
forecast,
make
sure
the
air
is
a
green
or
at
least
yellow
to
make
sure
your
hike
is
enjoyable
and
healthy.
C
We
do
it
by
a
color
code
and
air
quality
index,
and
this
is
our
index.
Green
is
implying,
it's
good.
Air
quality
is
forecast
for
tomorrow,
yellow
is
moderate
and
when
you
get
to
the
orange
level-
and
these
are
tied
in
the
end
also
I'll
show
you
to
our
ambient
air
quality
standards
is
beginning
to
be
unhealthy
for
sensitive
groups,
and
by
that
we
mean
people
who
may
have
emphysema
or
any
other
breathing
difficulty.
C
So,
depending
on
your
health
condition
and
your
activities
that
you
plan,
you
can
check
our
forecasts
and
determine
if
the
next
day
is
going
to
be
pretty
good
air
quality
or
not.
With
respect
to
ozone,
the
national
ambient
air
quality
standard
for
ozone
is
75
parts
per
billion,
so
it's
great
as
long
as
it's
going
to
remain
below
60,
so
that's
not
even
up
to
the
standard
yet
between
60
and
then
up
to
the
standard
of
75.
C
C
We
also
issue
a
forecast
for
fine
particles,
PM
2.5
particulate
matter
less
than
two
and
a
half
microns
in
diameter,
and
that
is
also
tied
to
a
standard.
Our
annual
standard
for
fine
particles
is
12
micrograms
per
cubic
meter,
and
so
our
green
level
is
below
12
if
it
stays
below
our
annual
standard.
We
consider
that
green,
but
there
is
also
a
daily
standard,
24
hours
standard,
which
is
35
micrograms
per
cubic
meter.
C
C
You
click
on
that
button,
and
this
is
the
page
that
shows
you
the
areas
of
the
state
and
which
forecasts
are
issued
and
what
the
color
is
for
each
of
those
areas
you
can
see
over
here
that
we
have
the
ozone
aqi
I
did
this
one
on
this
past
Friday,
so
we
weren't
measuring
ozone.
Yet
they
was
not
a
forecast.
Yet
today
will
be
the
first
the
forecast,
though,
for
PM
2.5
that
day,
all
green
was
good
everywhere
across
the
state.
C
We
like
those
kind
now
that
we
are
doing
the
ozone,
though
we
have
also,
in
addition
to
the
county
Sarah,
we
do
find
particles
as
well.
We
have
a
ridge
top
forecast,
so
we
do
a
forecast
both
for
ridge
tops
and
for
valleys,
and
here
you'll
be
able
to
read
what
the
actual
ridgetop
forecast
is
for
ozone,
and
here
it
will
show
the
valley
forecast
and
that's
set
right
there.
So
if
you
are
plan
to
hike
at
Mount,
Mitchell
you'll
want
to
check
the
ridge
tops.
C
If
you're
going
to
be
hiking
along
the
beautiful
river
here
in
Asheville,
then
you
can
check
the
valley
forecast
and
to
get
the
forecast.
If
you'd
like
you,
can
sign
up
to
receive
an
email
that
comes
every
day
in
the
afternoon.
It
tells
you
what
the
forecast
is
for
the
next
day.
You
can
also
go
to
a
variety
of
like
the
newspapers,
the
local
TV
station
and
EPA.
The
weather
channel
carries
it
as
well.
C
C
In
this
corner,
you
can
click
on
air
monitoring
when
you
do
that
this
menu
drops
down
and
you
can
choose
different
items
to
look
at,
but
we
can
look
at
current
data
by
sight
or
current
data
by
monitor,
and
so,
if
you
click
on
current
data
by
sight,
it
would
take
you
to
this
mat.
You
could
then
click
on
any
part
of
the
state
you
want
to
look
at
and
it
will
show
you
the
monitoring
site
in
that
area
and
the
most
recent
available
data.
C
So,
if
you're
getting
ready
some
morning
to
go
out
for
a
hike,
maybe
you
want
to
go
Smoky
Mountain
National
Park,
but
you
can
see
then,
at
that
point,
what
the
forecast
is
in
that
area.
So
it's
a
how
we're
trying
to
do
a
forecast.
We're
also
trying
to
give
you
current
data,
and
hopefully
that
is
of
some
value
to
folks
that
you
are
preparing
your
activities
this
summer,
but
then
to
look
a
little
more
toward
the
past
own
review,
the
data
that
we've
assembled
over
the
last
several
years
and
fortunately
it
shows
improvement.
C
We
are
seeing
an
improvement
in
air
quality,
both
with
respect
to
ozone
and
find
articles,
and
these
are
the
monitoring
sites
in
Western,
North
Carolina
for
ozone.
We
have
for
Valley
sites
and
we
have,
for
ridge,
tops
the
ridge.
Top
sites
are
above
4500
feet
in
elevation
and
once
again,
the
current
standard
is
75
parts
per
billion.
Well,
we're
doing
well,
especially
our
Valley
sites.
Bryson
City
is
even
below
60,
so
that's
a
significant
improvement
over
time.
C
This
is
for
the
data
from
20
12
through
14
and
the
way
we
do
it
is
at
every
site.
We
look
at
eight
hour
periods
of
time
throughout
every
day.
We
then
pick
the
fourth
highest
eight
hour
period
throughout
the
season,
and
that
becomes
the
statistic
we
use
for
that
year.
We
do
that
each
year
for
in
2012,
13,
14
and
average
list
three
numbers
and
that's
how
we
get
at
this.
You
can
see
that
our
rich
top
sites
are
reading
higher
than
our
Valley
sites.
C
What's
interesting,
though,
is
that
the
profile
is
different
at
our
Valley
sites.
Usually,
ozone
goes
up
in
the
afternoon.
It's
formed
due
to
the
energy
from
the
Sun,
causing
reactions
in
the
atmosphere
that
involve
nitrogen
oxides
to
form
ozone,
but
our
ridge
top
sites
often
see
their
highest
concentrations
at
night
and
pseudo.
The
wonderful
concept
of
the
boundary
layer,
trapping
ozone
above
that
boundary
layer,
but
the
peaks
are
still
above
the
boundary
layer
as
well.
C
So
we
often
see
the
concentrations
at
the
highest
up
there
at
night
and
unless
you
are
out
hiking
at
Mount
Mitchell
in
the
middle
of
the
night.
Hopefully
that
won't
be
as
big
a
problem,
but
that
is
one
of
the
things
that
we
do
see,
but
here
shows
the
progress
over
time.
The
changes
in
improvement
in
the
ozone
concentrations
in
Western,
North
Carolina.
C
If
you
come
over
here,
you
can
see
that
we're
looking
at
1998
through
2000
that
three
year
period
there
and
we
have
a
wonderful
overall
downward
slope
in
that
line
because
we
are
getting
cleaner.
Air,
cleaner
ozone,
reduced
ozone
concentrations
lowest
point
here
is
this:
is
the
20
12
through
14
data
right
here,
so
we're
glad
to
see
that
and
it
shows
improvement
in
our
air
quality
with
respect
to
ozone.
C
C
We
hope
it
continues
and
one
of
the
ways
we
try
to
keep
it
continuing
and
improving
is
by
reducing
nitrogen
oxide
emissions.
That's
the
key
pollutant
that
we
control
to
reduce
ozone
ozone
to
reaction
in
the
atmosphere
course
that
ends
up
with
the
03
molecule
form.
That's
what
ozone
is
but
like
controlling
knocks.
C
We
can
control
that
formation
process
and
the
VOCs
are
also
involved,
but
we
have
a
lot
of
VOCs
in
here
here,
because
that
comes
from
vegetation,
but
to
show
the
improvements
that
we
have
seen
in
the
changes
we
have
seen
over
the
last
over
the
ten-year
period
from
2002
to
2012
back
in
2002,
the
statewide.
Now
this
is
North
Carolina
State
white
total
was
almost
600,000
tons
of
NOx
emitted
statewide,
and
you
can
see
that
our
on
road
vehicles
were
a
little
over
forty
percent.
C
Just
under
twenty
percent
for
off-road
vehicles
and
then
here
power
plants,
electric
generating
units
were
twenty-seven
percent.
So
at
that
time
we
were
looking
at
all
of
those
sources
of
NOx
to
reduce,
and
fortunately
they
have
now
in
2012,
we
were
down
to
three
hundred
and
sixty-six
thousand
times
statewide,
but
the
percentages
have
changed.
Certainly
the
power
plants
they
dropped
by
one-half.
Is
there
a
slice
of
the
pie
on
road
vehicles.
They'll
have
increased
as
in
respect
to
that.
C
Besides
burning
coal,
but
we'll
have
to
you
see,
improvement
in
our
vehicles
through
fleet
turnover
and
the
onset
incoming
vehicles
being
cleaner.
All
the
time
EPA
often
tightens
up
the
standards
for
new
vehicles,
and
then
we
benefit
from
that
over
time,
but
we
still
have
seen
a
significant
reduction
in
this
overall
emissions
rate,
which
is
helpful
and
a
new
standard
from
EPA
is
coming.
Our
current
standard
of
75
parts
per
billion
is
our
national
standard
for
ozone.
It's
going
to
be
reduced,
probably
to
65
or
70
parts
per
billion.
C
It's
going
to
happen
later
this
year,
and
these
are
the
dates
we're
looking
at
by
October.
First
they'll,
nail
down
wit
number
we're
going
to
go
to
from
now
on.
That
will
be
our
new
point
of
comparison
for
our
monitoring
data
by
the
following
year.
We
will
have
to
make
recommendations
DPA
in
what
areas
in
our
state.
C
In
our
vehicles
and
our
emission
rates
to
look
at
fine
particles,
then,
which
is
our
other
concern-
fine
particles
are
primarily
formed
in
the
atmosphere
from
the
so2
emissions,
sulfur
dioxide,
gas
and
Health
Studies.
Those
show
a
correlation
between
our
fine
particle
concentrations
and
the
mortality
rate.
Death
rate
goes
up
as
concentration
of
fine
particles
goes
up
and
our
current
standard
is
12.
It
was
15
for
a
number
of
years
and
a
few
years
ago
it
was
reduced
to
12,
but
we
are
doing
well
across
Western
North
Carolina.
C
These
are
the
monitoring
sites
that
we
have
and
we
are
in
that
89
range
on
all
our
sites
and
showing
improvement
over
time.
Fortunately,
we
don't
have
all
of
the
2014
data
in
yet
so
are.
These
are
the
numbers
from
20
11
through
13
and
I?
Think
they'll
continue
to
show
improvement
as
we
look
at
20
12
through
14,
but
over
time.
As
you
can
see
here,
this
is
99
301
data.
We
have
continued
to
show
it
overall,
a
significant
improvement,
and
this
is
really
because
of
putting
scrubbers
on
power
plants
that
burn
coal.
C
That's
really
where
that
improvement
came
from,
and
it's
great
to
see
that
downward
slope
I
hope
we
continue
to
do
that.
We
will
hopefully
see
alternatives
to
call
as
well
that's
one
of
the
things
that
would
hopefully
even
reduce
so2
emissions
more
in
the
future
and
therefore
the
fine
particle
concentrations
and
as
we
move
along.
We
are
also,
though,
going
to
be
looking
at
sulfur
dioxide
gas
when
so2
is
emitted
as
a
gas
in
the
atmosphere
and
goes
to
that
change
in
the
atmosphere
becomes
a
particle.
That's
what
we
measure
is
fine
particles.
C
We
can
do
that
through
monitors
which
are
measuring
particulates,
but
now
we're
also
interested
in
si
tu
as
a
gas
before
it
converts
into
a
particle
in
its
gaseous
phase
and
we're
starting
to
monitor
for
that
as
well.
There's
a
new
one,
our
standard,
our
ozone
standard,
is
looking
at
eight
hour
periods
of
time
with
fine
particles.
C
D
C
In
response
to
that,
blue
ridge
paper
is
planning
additional
use
of
natural
gas
and
lieu
of
coal
as
an
energy
source
at
their
plant.
They
are
in
the
planning
stages
for
that,
and
you
may
have
read
the
press
release
that
occurred
in
December,
where
they
received
a
JM
AC
grant
that's
job,
maintence
and
capital
development
fund
money.
They
received
12
million
dollars
from
the
state
for
that
and
is
to
be
used
toward
that
conversion
from
coal
to
natural
gas
that
will
result
in
reducing
the
emissions
of
so2.
C
It
will
also,
fortunately,
result
in
some
reduction
in
their
NOx
emissions
and
their
initial
predictive
forecasting
was
or
looking
at
this
project
a'dope
be
putting
it
about
51
million
dollars
to
go
along
to
the
12
they
got
from
the
state,
so
that
is
the
next
one
going
on,
but
it's
for
si2
gas,
which
is
not
one
we've
really
monitored
for
before.
This
is
a
new
rule
that
came
from
EPA
I
also
wanted
to
just
touch
on
a
couple
items
that
have
changed
in
our
open
burning
girls.
Just
so
you're
aware
of
them.
C
The
legislature
made
some
changes
in
the
past
sessions
of
the
past
couple
meetings
at
in
Raleigh,
where
they
have
now
allowed
the
burning
of
stumps
in
the
past.
It
was
always
okay
to
burn
vegetation.
You
couldn't
burn
anything
that
didn't
grow
on
property,
but
you
know
the
and
it's
still
illegal
to
burn
trash,
but
in
the
past
we
did
not
allow
the
burning
of
stumps.
C
It
was
only
the
burning
of
limbs
and
leaves,
and
things
like
that,
but
that
has
now
been
changed,
and
so,
if
you
see
your
neighbor
doing
that,
be
it
please
be
aware
that
is
now
acceptable
under
our
rules
and
it's
also
legal
now
to
move
vegetation
from
one
site
to
another
used
to
be
the
requirement
that
you
burned
it
where
it
grew,
but
not
anymore.
Four
times
a
year,
you
are
allowed
to
transport
vegetation
to
another
site
and
burn
it
there.
C
The
one
other
change
that
has
occurred
is
that
we
used
to
require
a
1,000
foot
buffer
zone
between
a
burn
pile
in
any
occupied
structure
on
the
property
adjacent
to
it.
That
has
now
been
reduced
to
500
feet.
So
those
are
the
changes
that
have
occurred
in
our
rules
and
you
know
hope
to
bring
up
the
speed
in
that
one
of
the
things
you
can
still
do,
though,
to
help
with
this
entire
process.
It's
be
energy-efficient.
Now
try
to
keep
the
air
conditioning
at
a
comfortable
level,
but
no
lower
than
comfort
level
insulating
your
home.
C
That's
something
I
did
a
couple
years
ago
and
it
made
a
huge
difference.
It
was
great
spraying.
This
foam
in
my
attic,
you
can
sign
up
for
great
powered,
supports
an
alternative
sources
of
generating
power
and
clean
vehicles.
That's
one
of
the
main
ways
we
can
help
in
the
future.
Is
we
get
cleaner
vehicles
coming
in?
So
if
you
would
like
to
go
to
our
website
again,
do
you
check
out
more
of
this
information
you're
more
than
welcome,
and
you
want
to
contact
me.
That's
how
you
do
it.
Thank
you
very
much.
C
B
In
addition
to
those
regulatory
initiatives,
the
right
way:
Western
North,
Carolina,
regional
air
quality
agency
as
a
local
air
pollution
control
program.
We're
one
of
three
local
programs
here
in
North
Carolina,
the
other
two
are
in
Forsyth
County
in
mecklenburg
county
and
the
Clean
Air
Act
allows
local
governments
to
have
their
own
local
regulatory
programs
for
air
quality.
As
long
as
those
programs
are
at
least
as
stringent
as
the
states
that
they
operate
within,
so
we
basically
do
pretty
much
the
same
thing.
The
state
division
of
air
quality
does
gear.
B
In
our
area
we
run
the
air
pollution
monitoring
sites
in
our
area.
We
are
responsible
for
permitting
and
forcing
all
the
federal
state
and
local
air
pollution
regulations.
So
we
have
a
permitting
inspections
program.
We
also
handle
as
bestest
removal
demolition
permits
inside
buncombe
county
in
the
city
of
asheville.
We
do
enforce
the
open
burning
regulations
that
Paul
spoke
about,
and
we
also
have
some
air
awareness
type
programs
as
well.
B
So
here
in
the
mountains,
we
do
have
some
unique
conditions.
Due
to
our
topography.
We
get
temperature
inversions
that
have
to
do
with
the
mountain
valley
dynamic
there,
and
so
we
do
experience
issues
with
locally
generated
pollution
when
we
are
experiencing
inversions,
especially
this
happens
at
night
time
with
cold
weather.
B
Sorry,
but
here
in
Western,
North
Carolina,
we've
traditionally
been
concerned
with
the
ozone
levels
and
the
fine
particles
that
we've
been
talking
about
this
morning
pause
already
gone
over
the
sources
there,
but
again
with
a
zone.
We
try
to
reduce
nitrogen
oxides
and
those
are
mainly
associated
with
cars
and
trucks,
a
power
plant
other
large
industrial
sources
of
combustion
and,
as
Paul
said,
it
used
to
be
that
the
power
plants
are
a
more
significant
slice
of
that
pie,
and
now
that
they've
put
on
controls
for
Knox
to
reduce
their
emissions.
B
B
So
that's
why,
in
the
summertime
often,
you
would
have
noticed
more
so
in
the
past
that
it's
hard
to
see,
sometimes
the
mountain
vista
say
from
Asheville.
You
might
not
be
able
to
see
Mount
Pisgah
or
it
might
be.
You
can
see
that
haze
in
the
air
and
the
fine
particles
are
really
there
all
year
round,
but
we
see
their
effects
boring
the
summer
of
the
interaction
with
humidity
and,
of
course,
that's
very
important
to
us.
With
our
tourism
industry.
B
Here's
just
a
basic
graph.
This
is
a
bent,
creek
monitor
and
you
can
see
similar
to
the
state
data
that
Paul
showed
earlier,
that
we've
got
a
great
downward
trend.
These
last
few
years,
we're
now
right
around
64
parts
per
billion
for
our
design
value
compared
to
the
standard
of
75.
Of
course,
that's
going
to
be
lowered
to
down
around
65
or
70.
So
what
we
find,
as
as
EPA
does
more
studies,
they
find
that
the
standards
need
to
be
tightened
more
to
protect
public
health
with
an
adequate
margin
of
safety.
B
So
there's
always
more
work
to
be
done,
and
this
is
our
fine
particle
levels
over
time
you
can
see
we
have
a
great
reduction
here
ever
since
around
two
thousand
six
or
so
was
when
the
scrubbers
were
being
put
on
the
power
plant
to
North
Carolina.
In
addition
to
that,
around
the
2006-2007
time
frame,
they
also
implemented
lower
sulfur
diesel
fuel
and
that
affects
emissions
from
the
trucks.
We
also
have
cleaner
standards
that
the
big
heavy-duty
diesel
vehicles
have
to
meet
after
2007.
B
So
all
of
that
seems
to
be
coming
into
play
here
and
as
Paul
mentioned,
when
the
fleet's
turn
over,
we
continue
to
see
improvements
and
while
North
Carolina
was
first
in
the
southeast
to
require
scrubbers
and
other
controls
on
power
plants,
epa
federal
requirements
are
resulting
in
more
and
more
scrubbers
and
other
controls
on
power
plants
and
surrounding
states
like
Tennessee
and
South
Carolina,
and
basically,
all
the
surrounding
states
and
the
southeast.
So
we're
expecting
that
we're
going
to
see
more
improvements
from
that
as
well.
B
This
is
just
our
basic
air
quality
index
data.
You've
got
the
forecast
that
you
get
every
day
and
then
this
is
actually
based
on
the
actual
levels
that
were
measured.
The
air
quality
forecast
predicts
what
the
air
quality
index
will
be
for
the
following
day
and
then
our
monitoring
data
is
what's
used
here
to
show,
and
you
can
see
that
we
don't
have
all
the
data
in
yet
for
2014,
but
the
majority
of
the
time,
our
air
quality.
B
If
in
the
good
category-
and
then
we
do
have
some
moderate
days
as
well-
and
this
will
change
somewhat
and
it
does
change
over
time
whenever
EPA
issues
a
new
standard,
we
might
see
that
the
standard
is
harder
to
meet.
We
might
have
less
green
days
and
and
more
yellow
days,
and
even
an
orange
day
you
can
see,
we
didn't
have
any
orange
days,
there's
the
last
couple
of
years,
so
we
try
to
get
the
message
out
to
people
that,
just
because
we
have
more
yellow
days.
B
B
So
now
I
thought
I'd
switch
gears
and
briefly
tell
you
about
some
of
the
other
initiatives.
Epa
has
issued.
Some
rules
called
generally
available
control
technology
that
are
applicable
to
what
we
call
area
sources.
Things
like
gas
stations,
don't
have
a
lot
of
emissions,
but
they
do
emit
benzene,
which
a
carcinogen
and
when
you
think
about
all
of
the
gas
stations
that
are
out
there,
that
collectively
adds
up
so
EPA
has
had
some
I've
issued
some
standards
to
address
urban
air
toxics
as
they
call
it.
Pollutants
like
that
and
smaller
sources,
and
so
so.
E
Just
a
little
bit
of
background,
although
most
folks
in
here
now,
the
division
of
air
quality
is
a
part
of
North
Carolina
Department
of
Environment
natural
resources
were
tasked
with
protecting
and
improving
outdoor
or
ambient
air
quality,
where
the
lead
agency,
enforcing
federal
laws
and
regulations,
and
we
monitor
our.
We
have
a
set
of
a
network
of
monitors
across
the
state
to
monitor
air
pollutants.
E
While
we
reach
hundreds
of
thousands
of
these
folks,
every
year
we
haven't
had
a
focused
outreach
campaign
to
older
adults
and
older
adults
are
defined
by
the
EPA
as
a
sensitive
group
to
air
pollution.
So
if
you
see
on
the
board
over
there
in
yellow
I,
mean
sorry
in
orange,
unhealthy
for
sensitive
groups,
older
adults
are
one
of
those
sensitive
groups,
they're
usually
sensitive
because
of
pre-existing
health
conditions
and
the
older
adult
population
in
North
Carolina
is
continuing
to
grow.
E
E
There's
been
an
eighteen
percent
increase
in
the
population
since
2000,
and
a
lot
of
that
is
due
to
the
baby
boomers
aging
into
that
age
range
you
can
see
even
in
the
65
to
74
age,
older
adults
are
also
very
active
still
and
outdoors,
and
so
the
population
North
Carolina
drinks
is
ninth
in
the
States
and
across
the
United
States.
The
older
adult
population
is
continuing
to
be
larger
than
the
0
to
17
range,
and
the
same
is
true
in
North
Carolina.
E
So
this
is
a
map
from
data
from
2012
that
shows
there's
fifty
nine
counties
with
more
older
adults
than
children
in
a
decade
in
2025
its
projected
to
be
eighty
nine
counties.
Side
of
189
will
have
more
older
adults
than
children.
So
this
is
this
combined
with
their
designation,
as
a
sense
of
group
is
why
we
wanted
to
have
a
focused
our
Decker,
so
the
name
of
the
campaign
is
no
the
code.
E
My
slides
are
out
of
order.
That's
okay!
So
we'll
talk
about
some
of
the
health
effects.
I
am
NOT
a
doctor,
so
these
are
the
basics
of
what
I've
learned
from
speaking
with
professionals,
but
some
of
the
symptoms
of
air
pollution
that
affect
your
lungs
are
cough,
a
prolonged
or
persistent,
cough,
wheezing,
shortness
of
breath
and
continuous
aggravation
of
asthma.
So
these
are
some
of
the
health
effects
of
some
of
the
possible
health
effects.
E
E
You
can
see
in
this
diagram
that
when
plaque
builds
up,
what
it
looks
like
compared
to
what
a
normal
artery
would
look
like
so
Paul
and
Ashley
already
went
over
it
so
we'll
just
breeze
through
this
is
the
air
quality
forecast
and
we
this
will
be
sort
of
the
cornerstone
of
our
campaign,
which
is
why
it's
called
know
the
code.
We
want
them
to
to
be
able
to
recognize
the
code
get
in
the
habit
of
using
it
every
day.
Just
like
you
check
the
weather
to
check
the
code
before
you
go
outside.
E
So
how
do
you
get
the
forecast?
They
already
went
over
this
a
little
bit
too,
but
EPA's
air.
Now
guv,
you
can
type
in
your
zip
code.
Get
your
exact
forecast.
You
can
do
the
same
at
the
division
of
air
quality
and
we
also
have
a
1-800
toll-free
number
and
then
enviro
flash
is
what
Paul
mentioned,
that
you
can
get
an
email
sent
to
your
inbox
and
you
can
get
that
daily
where
you
can
choose.
E
If
you
just
want
to
get
it
notified
at
an
orange
level,
then
you
can
just
get
those
days
and
then
we
have
an
appt,
so
we're
not
recommending
to
older
adults
just
to
stay
inside
and
not
do
anything.
But
there's
simple
steps
you
can
take
to
protect
your
health.
If
you're
going
to
go
outdoors,
you
just
want
to
check
the
code
before
you
go.
Basically,
ozone
tends
to
be.
Other
emotion
tends
to
be
the
highest
during
the
hottest
part
of
the
day.
E
So
just
like
they
tell
you
during
a
hot
season,
you
don't
want
to
go
out
in
the
middle
of
the
day.
You
want
to
go
out
in
the
morning
or
the
evening
and
then,
if
you
are
doing
strenuous
activity
on
an
air
quality
day
or
a
high
air
pollution
day,
then
you
would
want
to
just
reduce
that
activity.
So
if
you
were
normally
a
runner,
maybe
you
would
want
to
walk
that
day
and
then,
of
course
check
the
air
quality
code.
E
Instead,
the
campaign
itself.
These
are
our
goals
and
objectives.
As
I
mentioned,
we
want
to
focus
on
the
knowing
that
our
older
adults,
using
the
air
quality
forecast
code.
Some
of
our
objectives
are
to
reach
older
adults
who
are
55
and
older,
even
though
older
Americans
to
find
them
a
65
and
older.
We
wanted
to
skew
it
a
little
bit
younger
to
catch
more
of
the
active
older
adults,
but
also
get
people
into
a
habit
of
checking
the
code
and
getting
used
to
doing
it.
E
So
while
they
might
not
have
a
health
problem
that
is
affecting
them
now,
maybe
in
the
future
they
will
and
they've
already
gotten
in
the
habit
of
checking
the
code.
We
also
want
to
do
direct
outreach,
which
is
outreach
and
education
and
then
in
direct
outreach,
which
is
making
partnerships
so
some
examples
of
this
partnership.
E
So
far,
these
are
the
statewide
level
ones
if
you're
not
familiar
the
earth
kind
of
Senior
Games,
which
apparently
is
on
there
twice,
is
like
the
Olympics,
but
for
older
adults,
so
they're
50
and
older,
and
they
are
part
of
our
target
audience
they're
outside
all
the
time
active
exercising.
So
we've
worked
with
them
last
year
at
their
statewide
finals
and
gave
out
material
so
we're
hoping
to
work
with
more
of
the
local
events.
All
100
counties
have
a
some
kind
of
local
event
to
work
with
the
participants
who
are
outside
and
then
locally.
E
We
have
also
I
came
to
a
clean
air
campaign
meeting
and
out
of
that
was
able
to
get
invited
to
the
successful
aging
conference.
That's
going
to
be
here
in
May,
so
I'll
be
giving
a
speech
or
speech
a
presentation
there
to
a
group
of
older
adults
and
then
we're
working
on
some
regional
mini
conferences
and
I'm
going
to
try
and
do
them
across
the
state.
E
But
the
first
one
is
going
to
be
here
in
may
hopefully-
and
we
working
with
land
of
sky
to
do
that
and
then
direct
outreach
which
is
free
because
we
work
for
the
state.
So
everything
is
free.
We
have
some
informational
cards
brochures,
pamphlets
and
I
have
examples
of
those
on
the
tables.
If
you
want
any
I
also
brought
a
couple
hundred
and
I
can
give
you
some.
E
If
you
have
any
people
you
want
to
give
them
to,
and
then
we
can
offer
presentations
in
a
variety
of
forms
and
then
I'm
also
working
on
a
sort
of
do-it-yourself
presentation,
so
something
I
could
send
to
someone
if
they
wanted
to
give
it
to
a
group
of
older
adults.
So
these
are
just
some
examples
of
the
materials
that
you'll
find
in
the
back.
This
is
an
info
card
and
part
of
the
campaign
wants
to
focus
on
the
toll-free
number.
E
We
usually
focus
on
the
app
or
enviro
flash,
but
we
feel
like
with
this
type
of
audience.
We
want
to
use
the
toll-free
number
as
an
emphasis,
because
it
might
be
easier
for
them
to
call
so
then,
on
the
back
of
the
card.
It
just
has
the
code.
So
are
we
envisioned
that
they
would
just
hang
this
on
there
for
agent?
So
if
they
called
the
number-
and
they
said
it's
an
orange
day-
they
can
say
what
does
that
mean
again
and
then
they
can
look
eventually.
E
They'll
know
what
it
means,
but
until
then,
and
then
a
few
simple
steps,
and
then
this
is
a
just
a
couple
more.
Some
promotional
items
on
it's
a
bookmark
and
a
magnet
and
then
that
poster
which
I
have
one
example
of
is
a
2
by
3
health,
poster
that
somebody
could
hang
in
a
senior
center
or
senior
living
center
or
congregant
nutrition
site
for
their
folks
to
look
at
so
any
questions
don't
know
the
code.
E
F
To
talk
a
little
bit
about
I
mean,
if
you
remember,
Paul's
diagram
his
circle
chart
there
that
had
the
you
know
the
electric
generating
units
and
then
the
change
over
time,
and
so
I
get
the
opportunity
to
focus
on
just
one
of
those
slices
of
that
pie.
And
it's
one
of
the
slices
that
we're
very
happy
to
see
such
significant
reduction
in
overtime
and
we're.
We
continue
to
be
a
grateful
partner
and
continue
to
see
good
advancements
in
reductions
in
the
amount
of
of
air
emissions
from
our
power
plant.
F
So
big
picture
in
our
commitment
to
North
Carolina
has
really
been
unchanged
for
many.
Many
years
is
to
provide
affordable,
reliable
and
increasingly
clean
electricity
to
all
of
our
customers
across
the
state
following
the
merger
with
progress,
energy
that
the
company
actually
serves,
customers
in
83
of
North,
Carolina's,
100
counties,
and
so
our
ability
to
continue
to
make
investments
in
clean
energy
are
really
statewide
and
in
a
lot
of
ways
across
seven
states
in
the
United
States,
but
I
just
want
to
jump
right
into
it.
F
Instead
of
giving
you
a
lot
of
background,
because
you
know
to
me
what
well
to
the
company
what
really
made
the
most
significant
impact
on
air
quality,
with
dates
back
2nite
to
2002,
and
many
of
you
in
this
room
may
have
been
a
part
of
that
or
very
engaged
in
that
process.
But
in
2002
there
is
a
piece
of
landmark
legislation
that
was
passed
in
North
Carolina
and
North.
Carolina,
really
leading
the
way
when
it
comes
to
states
to
implement
such
standards.
F
So
the
goals
of
that
plan
I
always
like
to
start
with
the
goal.
So
the
goals
of
that
plan
were
nitrogen
oxide
reduction,
greater
than
seventy-seven
percent
in
sulfur
dioxide
reductions,
greater
than
seventy-three
percent,
and
so
you
know,
as
companies
thought
about
how
we
were
going
to
meet
those
new,
very
stringent
standards
that
had
not
been
in
place
before
then.
F
You
know
there
are
a
lot
of
different
ways
to
do
it,
but
it
really
that
kind
of
that
moment
in
time
launched
both
duke
energy,
carolinas
and
duke
energy
progresses
modernization
efforts
of
its
coal-fired
power
plants
across
North
Carolina,
and
so
how
did
we
do
that?
We
really
did
it
through
three
three
ways:
retirement
retrofits
and
replacements,
of
new
power
plants.
There's
a
number
on
this
slide
that
I
have
to
update
in
a
second,
because
in
my
efforts
to
do
this
quickly,
I
put
it
in
the
wrong
place,
we'll
get
there
in
a
minute.
F
So
from
a
retirement
perspective,
we
recognize
that
not
every
coal-fired
power
plant
is
the
same.
It's
not
the
same
inefficiency,
it's
not
the
same
and
how
much
electricity
it
provides.
There
are
a
lot
of
factors
that
go
into
whether
or
not
it
makes
sense
economically
to
put
a
scrubber
or
make
these
large
investments
in
air
emissions,
and
so
we
quickly
realized
that
there
were
some
play.
There
were
some
power
plants
in
North
Carolina.
F
The
best
thing
to
do
to
help
achieve
these
goals
was
to
simply
retire
the
power
plant,
and
so
we
have
now
retired
all
coal-fired
power
plants
not
outfitted,
with
advanced
emission
controls
in
North
Carolina
that
are
operated
by
Duke
Energy
or
its
predecessor,
companies,
and
so
that's
a
big
deal.
That's
a
significant,
both
investment
and
it's
also
a
significant
advantage
to
to
improvements
in
air
missions
so
retrofits.
F
This
is
where
we're
going
to
change
the
number,
so
the
seven
billion
dollars
is
the
total
we've
invested
in
North
Carroll
to
modernize
our
system,
but
just
in
retrofits
alone,
we've
invested
over
1
billion
dollars
in
advance
admission
controls
here
in
the
Carolinas
of
that
billion
dollars.
300
million
were
specific
to
the
Asheville
power
plant
itself.
So
when
we
think
about
the
investments
that
we
have
made
here
locally,
not
just
globally
across
the
state.
D
F
Invested
three
hundred
million
dollars
at
the
actual
plants
to
help
improve
the
air
emissions
at
that
station,
and
the
other
thing
we've
had
to
do
is
so
when
you
retire
a
lot
of
electric
generation.
I
can
assure
you
we
haven't
reduced
the
amount
of
electricity
we
need
since
2002,
and
so
we
had
to
replace
those
power
plants
and
we've
replaced
those
with
natural,
primarily
with
natural
gas
and
so
natural.
D
F
Still
has
an
emissions
profile,
it's
much
lower
than
it's
much
lower
than
cold,
but
it
does
have
an
emissions
profile,
but
even
but
with
the
replacement
of
our
new
with
retirement
of
our
older,
less
efficient
coal-fired
power
plants
and
replacing
them
with
new
high-efficiency
natural
gas-fired
power
plants.
We've
seen
continue
to
see
significant
reductions
not
just
locally
but
across
North
Carolina
in
socks
knocks
as
well
as
carbon.
So
there
is
no
commercially
viable
technology
to
put
on
the
back
end
of
a
coal-fired
power
plant
to
reduce
its
carbon
output.
F
We've
actually
seen
an
overall
reduction
in
carbon
emissions
in
North
Carolina
by
about
twenty
percent,
when
you
kind
of
when
you
take
the
things
in
the
consideration
of
new
power
plants,
coal,
plant
retirements,
nuclear
up
rates,
energy
efficiency
improvements,
the
continued
growth
and
expansion
of
solar
in
North
Carolina
we've
been
able
to
achieve
it's
between
2005
and
2014
about
a
twenty
percent
overall
reduction
in
carbon
emissions,
which
is
significant.
So,
let's
talk
specifically
about
the
Asheville
plan.
F
I,
like
the
you
know,
the
last
few
years,
I've
done
is
I
like
to
bring
in
this
chart
because
it
helps
kind
of
talk
about
the
progress
along
the
way,
not
just
what
we've
achieved
today.
But
are
we
continuing
to
maintain
that?
And
so,
if
you
look
back
here
in
2002,
which
is
when
the
landmark
legislation
was
passed,
and
you
can
very
clearly
see
when
the
scrubber
came
online
for
so2
removal
as
well
as
some
of
the
NOx
controls,
and
so
that
three.
F
We
that
I
mentioned
in
the
pretty
one
of
the
previous
slides
was
invested
in
this
period
of
time,
and
so
what
that
has
resulted
in
is
significant
declines
in
both
sulfur
dioxide
and
nitrogen
oxides.
Total
about
ninety
two
percent
of
so2
and
eighty-one
percent
of
noms,
and
if
you'll
remember,
the
goals
were
greater
than
77
and
73,
and
we've
achieved
92
and
81,
and
so
those
investments
have
made
a
big
difference
in
the
amount
of
in
the
amount
of
those
constituents
being
emitted
from
the
astral
plane.
F
So
the
question,
so
one
of
the
questions
I
routinely
get
about
our
local
power
plant
here
is
carbon
emissions,
so
last
year
actually
showed
a
shark
and
I
was
unable
to
get
the
data
quickly
this
year.
That
showed
that
we
have
seen
if
you
compare
20
or
2005
to
2014
at
forty-nine
percent
decrease
in
carbon
emissions
from
the
actual
planting.
All
before
you
write
me
down
and
qualified,
so
I
went
back
and
asked
some
questions
about
it
and
I.
F
Me
because
there's
no
analogy
that
reduces
carbon
emissions
are
battling
it,
so
that
really
has
to
do
with
post
murder.
So
after
the
merger
between
duke
energy
in
progress
energy,
you
may
remember
us
talking
about
increased
fuel
savings
for
customers.
Okay,
what
that
means
is
because
we
ran
out
of
oil
company.
We
have
been
able
to
dispatch
our
power
plants
in
a
different
way.
Going
back
to
the
statement
I
made
a
few
minutes
ago.
F
F
Reductions
in
carbon
overall,
so
that
means
that
statewide,
twenty
percent
number,
if
that's,
what
we're
really
have
been
able
to
achieve
by
operating
power
plants
differently,
dispatching
natural
gas
in
front
of
coal
with
a
lot
of
instances,
nuclear
up
rates
are
getting
more
nuclear
capacity.
The
growth
in
solar
energy
efficiency
have
really
been
a
leading
causes
and
carbon
reductions.
So
when
you
compare
year
to
year
and.
D
F
F
D
F
We
continue
to
see
significant
growth
in
that
market
and
we
want
to
make
sure
that
as
those
stations
grow,
that
the
electric
grid
is
ready
to
handle
that
overall
increase
of
electricity
used
for
that
market
segment,
and
so
with
that
we'll
go
back
to
my
closing
slide
and
I'll
just
say
you
know,
with
the
investments
that
we've
made
the
over
seven
billion
dollars
and
to
modernize
our
electric
system.
You
know
we
are
really
well
positioned.
F
You
know
for
both
node
and
expected
regulations
that
are
coming
down
the
pipe
to
continue
to
operate
our
system
in
a
way
that
provides
affordable,
reliable
and
a
cleat
and
increasingly
clean
electricity
to
our
customers,
not
just
in
North
and
South
Carolina,
but
in
Florida,
Cincinnati
Ohio.
In
other
places,
air.
G
Pollution,
air
quality
is
a
serious
air
pollution
is
a
serious
concern
at
the
Smokies.
It's
damaging
the
very
resources
that
were
the
Park
Service
is
mandated
to
protect
all
the
natural
resources
and
concerns
with
public
health.
We've
had
hundreds
of
unhealthy
days
for
the
past
15
years,
less
and
less
and
less
as
the
air
is
improving,
but
you
know
that's
pretty
inconsistent
with
our
mission
to
preserve
and
protect
those
resources
unimpaired
for
future
generations,
and
so
public
health
is
number
one
we
talked
about.
G
What
drives
a
lot
of
this
is
to
protect
public
health
with
air
quality
standards.
We
also
want
to
protect
public
health
and
welfare.
That's
everything
else
that
we
can
enjoy
and
everything
else
that
air
pollution
can
affect.
Clean
Air
Act,
that's
its
foundation,
but
in
1977
the
act
was
amended
and
it
established
class.
One
areas
there's
about
150,
six
of
them
class
one
area
is
their
big
national
parks.
48
of
them
Smokies
is
one
of
them
for
a
service
wilderness
areas.
G
D
G
They
should
be
the
cleanest
areas
in
the
country.
It
comes
with
responsibilities
and
requirements
under
that
designation
under
the
Clean
Air
Act
we're
to
work
with
the
states
and
local
partners
to
make
sure
that
good
decisions
are
made
to
err
on
the
side
of
protecting
those
resources.
Air
quality
is
better
and
it's
better
because
of
emission
reductions.
Air
quality
will
always
be
defined
in
this
area
by
primarily
a
couple
things
emissions.
G
How
much
stuff
is
coming
out
of
smokestacks
power
plants,
tailpipes
area
sources,
but
whether
that's
another
key
factor
talk
about
natural
factors
that
we
enjoy
I
mean
it's
part
of
what
makes
the
Smokies
the
smoke
these
mountains
of
the
mountains.
We
have
a
lot
of
sunlight,
a
lot
of
heat,
a
lot
of
chemical
activity
with
the
sunlight
on
those
emissions.
I
was
turn
into
secondary
pollutants.
That
are
a
lot
of
what
we're
talking
about
today.
It's
not
necessarily
the
emissions
that
cause
the
direct
impact
to
people
or
resources.
G
It's
those
secondary
pollutants
have
a
lot
of
air
stagnation
in
the
summer
months,
topography,
mountains,
high
elevation,
ridges,
can
trap
and
actually
attract
up
sloping
flow
to
make
higher
elevations.
Even
worse
than
in
the
valley
on
some
on
some
days,
I
have
a
lot
of
biogenic
emissions.
When
we
talked
about
ozone,
the
driver
is
nitrogen
oxide
emissions.
That's
the
limiting
factor,
last
knocks
less
nitrogen
emissions,
less
ozone
and
we're
seeing
that
we
have
a
lot
of
biogenic
emissions
that
react
with
that
and
it
predisposes
all
those
resources.
G
So
ozone
in
the
Smokies
purchased
knob
was
one
of
the
sites
reported
we're
down
about
thirty
six
percent
in
terms
of
the
desired
value
that
the
calculation
this
three-year
average.
Fourth
worst
day,
do
you
meet
the
standard
or
not
down?
Thirty?
Six
percent?
That's
huge
for
ozone!
Particulate
matter
we're
down
about
forty
six
percent,
the
smokies
part
of
the
park.
I'm
a
Tennessee
side
is
designated
non-attainment
for
both
of
the
particulate
standards
and
designated
non-attainment
for.
G
Measuring
attainment
on
all
fronts,
EPA
and
the
state
of
Tennessee-
is
in
the
process
of
working
through
that
read
assignation
process.
I
bet
sometime
this
summer,
the
park
will
be
dead
redesignated
to
attainment,
to
maintain
that
2008
standard
and
we'll
celebrate
that
we
were
designated
non-attainment
back
in
1997
seems
like
yesterday,
but
that's
what
is
that
17
18
years
ago
we've
been
the
park.
G
Most
of
the
park
has
been
a
non-attainment
tied
to
the
knoxville,
an
area
that
may
be
short
lived
because
we
got
another
standard
come
in
October
first
and
who
knows
what
that's
going
to
be
65
to
70?
We
talked
about
what
that
could
mean
some
sites
meet
it.
Some
don't
depends
on
what
the
level
is,
so
we
may
have
to
face
that
next
round.
Well,
what
do
we
do?
Where
do
we
get
emission
reductions?
Is
it
from
the
utilities?
Probably
not?
G
Is
it
for
Motor
Vehicles,
and
maybe
how
do
we
do
that
part
of
that
ozone
standard
though
we
is
to
protect
public
health
and
welfare
and
EPA
has
looked
at
the
standard
and
proposed
a
secondary
standard
that
is
to
protect
our
forests
and
two
from
growth
effects:
visible
damage,
ecosystem
changes,
our
forest
is
different
right
now
because
of
ozone.
Some
plants
are
more
sensitive
than
others
and
they
grow
less.
B
G
D
B
G
That
out,
where
we
protect
public
health
and
truly
welfare,
we
haven't
there's
other
issues,
all
these
pollutants,
nitrogen
and
sulfur
nitrogen
dried
zone,
but
those
two
pollutants.
Those
two
emissions
create
other
issues.
Hayes
has
been
mentioned.
Disability
is
the
number
one
reason
people
come
to
the
mountains
in
the
Smokies
thing
and
they
do
a
lots
of
things,
but
they
want
to
see
those
mounts.
They
want
to
view.
Scenery,
visibility
or
the
past
15
years
has
improved
a
hundred
and
thirty
percent
on
those
haziest
days.
G
Those
summer
days
that
we
have
our
best
days
are
getting
better.
Our
worst
days
are
getting
better
better
than
anywhere
else
in
the
country,
because
we're
downwind
of
the
benefits
of
Duke
and
progress
and
TVA
emission
reductions.
Tva
has
similar
emission
reductions
before
Eastern
power
plants
closest
to
us
have
reduced
95%
for
both
sulfur
dioxide
and
nitrogen
oxide.
Same
kind
of
plot.
Your
Asheville
plant
was
I.
Think
a
total
of
twenty-two
thousand
tons
from
what.
G
22,000
ton
reduction,
TVA's
rejection
west
of
us
west
of
western
north
carolina,
miss
monkeys
is
like
three
hundred
and
fifty
thousand
tons
so
sixteen
times
greater
those
tons
are
gone,
they're
reduced
and
no
wonder
air
quality
is
getting
better.
Acid
rain
was
mentioned,
sulfur
nitrogen
same
stuff
deposits
on
days
like
today,
we
have
sulfur
and
nitrogen,
depositing
across
the
landscape,
do
two
particles
which
causes
the
haze,
but
it
also
gets
in
the
soils
that
rains
tonight
or
thursday
same
stuff's
going
to
fall
out
of
this
guy
on
the
tennessee
side
of
the
park.
G
Of
sulfur
nitrogen
does
it
take
to
restore
those
streams
and
we'll
have
those
answers
this
year.
So
that's
good
I
guess
other
deposition
issue.
Mercury
is
a
big
concern.
Toxics
were
measured
mentioned.
Mercury
is
another
toxic,
that's
emitted
into
the
air,
from
burning
of
coal
and
other
sources.
We
have
high
deposition
of
mercury
Mercury's
like
lead.
It's
a
accumulating
metal.
G
G
A
G
Mercury
is
going
up
some
forms
of
nitrogen
or
going
up
max
emissions
and
night
trade
is
going
down,
but
that's
contributing
to
the
nitrogen
deposition
in
our
high
elevation
soils
standards
going
to
probably
tighten.
Maybe
this
year,
I
could
put,
could
put
this
area
back
into
non-attainment.
We've
got
a
couple
of
years,
though.
Even
if
EPA
comes
out
October
and
says
it's
60,
we
still
have
a
couple
years
before
they
come
back
and
draw
a
new
map
that
says
Asheville's
non-attainment.
So
it
may
be
a
heads
up
that
this
could
be.
G
G
A
Like
to
talk
a
little
bit
about
efforts
in
the
region
to
reduce
emissions
from
motor
vehicles,
it's
been
going
on
for
some
time
and
it
was
about
20
years
ago
that
Jim
RInfra,
with
the
Smokies
and
bill
Jackson
with
the
u.s.
Forest
Service
sound
of
the
alarm
here
in
this
area.
That
we've
got
some
air
quality
issues
that
we
need
to
know
more
about.
The
public
needs
to
know
about
them
and
we
need
to
know
what
what
can
be
done
to
address
them
and
so
in
1998.
A
We
all
partner
together
to
form
the
regional,
clean
air
campaign
and
start
getting
information
out
to
the
public
and
decision-makers
about
air
quality
issues,
and
that
led
us
into
working
on
emission
control.
Programs
for
Motor,
Vehicles
and
so
I
wanted
to
just
highlight
some
of
the
things
that
are
going
on
in
this
area
and
also
with
us
here
today.
With
our
clean
vehicles.
Coalition
is
Chris.
Dobbins
he's
our
fleet
advisor
former
fleet
manager
of
the
city
of
Asheville,
with
a
lot
of
experience
with
alternative
fuels,
advanced
technology
vehicles
and
joined
our
team
several
years
ago.
A
And
so
we
were
interested
the
Charlotte
region
and
the
triangle.
Raleigh-Durham
area
had
already
joined
this
program
and
we
were
interested
in
becoming
the
third.
So
in
2004
we
formed
the
land
of
sky
clean
vehicles
coalition,
which
was
made
up
of
fleet
managers,
air
quality
officials.
Really
anybody
interested
in
learning
more
about
alternative
fuels,
advanced
technology
vehicles
and
other
ways
to
reduce
petroleum
use
and.
D
A
Our
emissions,
and
so
we
formed
that
coalition
and
started
working
towards
getting
the
astral
metropolitan
area
designated
by
the
department
of
energy
as
a
Clean
Cities
coalition,
and
you
can
just
see
kind
of
our
organizational
chart
there.
We
have
several
committees
that
working
on
education,
outreach
and
electric
vehicles
and
and
other
initiatives.
A
A
A
So
the
Clean
Cities
program
promotes
the
use
of
the
what
the
traditional
alternative
fuels,
which
are
bio,
diesel,
electric
or
electric
vehicles,
natural
gas,
propane,
EA,
t5,
ethanol,
it's
eighty-five
percent,
ethanol,
15%,
gasps,
and
then
hydrogen
and
the
first
floor
that
you
see
there
in
blue
are
the
floor.
That
folks,
here
in
our
area,
I've
had
the
most
interest
in,
and
we've
done,
the
most
work
in
there's
very
little
work
being
done
with
hydrogen.
A
There
are
hydrogen
fuel
cell
vehicles
in
place,
especially
out
in
California
they're,
very
expensive,
so
they're
not
really
affordable
to
the
general
public
or
even
to
local
fleet.
So
we're
not
spending
much
time
on
that,
but
they
are
available
and
they
will
be
coming
at
some
point
in
the
future.
Several
years
ago,
the
Department
of
Energy
realized
that
they
were
not
going
to
get
off
foreign
oil
soon
enough
meet
their
petroleum
reduction
goals,
quick
enough
by
just
focusing
on
the
the
promotion
of
these
alternative
fuels
that
they
needed
to
expand.
A
The
portfolio
of
the
Clean
Cities
program
to
include
include
other
measures,
so
they
added
things
like
idle
reduction
programs,
promotion
of
fuel-efficient
vehicles,
just
regular
gas
and
diesel
vehicles
that
are
very
fuel,
efficient
and
VMT
vehicle
miles.
Traveled
reduction
programs,
carpooling
walking,
biking,
4-day,
workweeks
things
of
that
nature,
which
we'll
talk
touch
on
a
little
bit
later,
so
that
kind
of
expanded
the
portfolio
of
the
program,
and
these
are
all
things
that
we
promote
through
our
through
our
program.
So
why
would
we
want
to
use
these
fuels
and
technologies
fuel
economy?
A
Some
of
these
fuels
like
propane
natural
gas
electric
are.
The
fuel
is
much
cheaper
than
gas
and
diesel.
Others
are
about
the
price
of
gas
or
diesel,
but
there
are
some
potential
fuel
savings,
but
the
big
one
is
energy
security,
we're
trying
to
get
off
of
foreign
sources
of
oil,
especially
from
countries
that
don't
see
eye
to
eye
with
the
United
States
policy
and
programs.
A
We're
not
too
concerned
about
the
oil
coming
from
Mexico
or
Canada,
but
from
some
other
countries
we
would
really
like
to
reduce
that
dependence
and,
of
course,
fewer
emissions.
The
good
news
is
that
current
gas
and
diesel
vehicles
are
much
cleaner
now
than
they
were
10
15
years
ago.
So
the
difference
between
in
missions
between
new
vehicles
and
alternative
fuel
vehicles
that
the
emissions
benefits
not
as
good.
A
Now
as
it
used
to
be,
but
there
is
still
a
mission
benefits,
especially
greenhouse
gas
reductions,
so
there
are
still
emission
benefits
by
switching
to
these
fuels
and
technologies.
So
some
of
the
things
that
we
do
through
a
clean
vehicles
coalition,
we
do
a
lot
of
education
and
outreach.
Events
like
this
are
clean
car
fairs.
A
We've
helped
secure
working
with
our
various
stakeholders,
and
we
also
help
businesses
that
are
in
this
in
this
industry,
hook
up
with
those
fleet
managers
and
make
projects
a
reality.
So
how
are
we
doing
as
a
five-county
area
or
coalition?
This
just
shows
the
last
six
years.
Each
year
we
do
an
inventory
or
survey
of
all
the
fleets
in
the
area
that
are
using
these
fuels
and
technologies,
and
we
prepare
an
annual
report
for
the
previous
calendar
year
and
we
just
Chris
takes
the
lead
on
this.
Just
finish.
A
A
There
was
very
little
use
of
alternative
fuels
in
this
area,
but
it
is
really
increased
significantly
and
not
only
alternative
fuels
but
idle
reduction,
programs
and
and
other
programs
that
are
helping
us
to
reduce
our
petroleum
dependence
and
so
we're
almost
reaching
a
million
gallons
per
year
in
displacement,
and
this
is
a
graph
showing
the
greenhouse
gas
reductions
over
that
same
time
period.
So
you
can
see
the
increase
there
as
well.
A
So
here
are
some
things
that
everyone
can
do
to
reduce
their
emissions
and
reduce
their
petroleum
use.
You
don't
have
to
buy
an
alternative
fuel
vehicle
or
advanced
technology
vehicle.
There
are
a
lot
of
things
that
you
can
do.
We've
talked
about
it
before
walking,
biking,
riding
transit.
We've
got
a
good
transit
system
here
in
Asheville,
and
some
of
our
other
counties
live
close
to
work
in
school.
A
Make
that
decision
to
live
as
close
as
possible
telecommuting
working
at
home,
which
is
becoming
very
popular
with
professionals,
carpooling
I
carpooled,
with
a
lady
from
Waynesville,
where
I
live
for
about
five
years,
and
it
was
very
enjoyable
combining
errands.
We
talked
about
that
also
green
driving
or
eco-driving.
How
you
drive
your
vehicle
and
have
impact
on
your
fuel
consumption
and
your
missions,
keeping
your
car
tuned
up
and
purchasing
fuel-efficient
vehicle
and
the
website
listed
their
fuel
economy.
A
Gov
is
the
federal
government's
website
for
getting
information
on
vehicles
when
you're
considering
buying
a
vehicle,
you
can
put
three
or
four
different
vehicles
up
side
by
side
on
the
screen
and
compare
missions
and
costs
and
other
factors.
So
it's
a
very,
very
useful
tool
for
people
to
use
and
make
a
good
decision
this
year.
We
especially
want
to
focus
on
idle
reduction,
reducing
idling
from
your
vehicle.
A
It
is
expensive,
think
idling
a
vehicle,
a
car
is
about
a
half
a
gallon
per
hour,
and
so
there's
there's
a
cost
involved
in
that
with
tractor
trailers,
which
has
been
a
focus
of
auto
reduction
programs.
They're
burning
about
a
gallon
an
hour
of
diesel,
so
there's
been
a
big
effort
to
put
in
truck,
stop
electrification
systems
and
and
other
systems
on
tractor
trailers
to
reduce
their
idling,
and
a
lot
of
progress
is
being
made
there.
Obviously,
idling
is
polluting.
A
The
environment
actually
was
behind
a
pickup
truck
yesterday
that
had
the
big
exhaust
pipes
on
the
back
of
the
truck
that
stick
up
in
about
10
feet
and
he's
really
proud
of
his
emissions.
I
guess,
but
I
wish
I
could
have
gotten
a
photograph
of
that,
but
and
we
talked
a
lot
about
emissions
and
their
effects
on
health.
A
So
what
you
can
do
you
can
turn
your
vehicle
off.
So
if
you're
going
to
be
in
your
vehicle
idling
for
more
than
10
seconds,
it
is
cost
effective
to
go
ahead
and
cut
it
off.
It's
long
as
you're.
Not
in
traffic,
but
if
you're
at
a
drive-through
or
picking
up
your
kid
or
whatever
you
know,
you
can
cut
it
off
and
it
be
cost-effective.
A
So
I
want
to
talk
just
a
few
minutes
about
some
of
the
different
alternative
fuels.
I'm
just
going
to
hit
a
few
highlights.
We
don't
have
time
to
go
into
a
lot
of
detail
today,
but
the
benefit
of
biodiesel
is
that
it
can
be
used
in
any
diesel
vehicle
or
pieces
of
equipment.
Without
any
modifications
you
don't
have
to
pay
for
conversion
to
the
vehicle
to
use
federally
approved
biodiesel
that
has
to
meet
federal
fuel
quality
standards.
A
For
some
reason,
the
propane
is
the
most
widely
used
alternative
fuel
in
the
world,
a
lot
of
propane
being
used
in
vehicles
and
other
countries,
specialty
India,
and
it's
gained
popularity
here
because
of
its
lower
price.
Sometimes
a
dollar
or
more
per
gallon
difference
and
we've
been
doing
a
lot
of
outreach
through
these
propane
road
shows
that
we've
been
doing
at
the
biltmore
stayed
in
other
locations.
The
last
few
years
and
folks
that
have
come
to
those
propane
road
shows.
Fleet
managers
have
learned
about
the
benefits
and
actually
implemented
projects
to
convert
their
vehicles.
A
So
we're
real
pleased
with
that
mountain
ability
was
the
really
the
first
entity
in
our
area
to
really
take
the
lead.
That's
our
community
transportation
system
here
in
Buncombe,
County
I
think
they've
got
about
40
or
50
cutaways
and
vans
and
their
fleet,
and
they
converted
10
of
their
vans
to
propane
number
of
years
ago,
using
some
state
funds
and
one
clean
air
excellence
award
from
ashley's
organization
for
that
project.
A
Buncombe
County,
Sheriff's
Office
also
converted
some
of
their
ford
crown
victorias
to
propane's
over
years
ago,
with
some
federal
money
as
well,
and
the
biltmore
state
is
gradually
converting
their
shuttles
and
other
vehicles.
Haywood
public
transit
in
my
home
county,
converting
and
the
blossoming
gas
company,
located
with
their
headquarters
here
in
Asheville,
has
built
a
research
and
Technology
Center
here
on
sweeten
creek
road
that
is
speeding
up
the
process
for
getting
epa
certifications
for
their
converted
vehicles
and
also
put
in
a
public-access
fueling
station
at
that
location
on
sweeten
creek
compressed
natural
gas.
A
Another
really
popular
alternative
fuel
because
of
the
lower
price,
similar
priced,
a
propane,
a
dollar,
to
two
dollars,
a
gallon
at
least
a
year
or
two
ago
before
gas
prices
dropped.
But
it's
still
even
cheaper.
Today,
in
a
photograph
of
the
city
of
Asheville
natural
gas
fueling
station
that
Chris
built
when
he
was
fleet
manager,
it
was
a
first
in
our
region.
Since
then,
altec
eco,
private
company,
here
in
town,
is
opened.
A
One
on
hendersonville
road,
henderson,
county
rachel's
organization
is
open,
one
in
Hendersonville
that
both
the
city
and
the
county
are
using
in
their
fleets
and
PSNC.
Energy
has
opened
one
over
near
the
old
Biltmore
square
mall
and
also
put
one
in
in
the
mills
river
community
just
recently,
and
there
were
talking
with
some
some
companies
that
are
interested
in
putting
in
a
fast
fill
station
for
tractor
trailers.
A
There's
an
effort
nationwide
to
put
in
fueling
for
tractor
trailers
because
of
the
lower
costs,
a
lot
of
companies
looking
to
convert,
and
so
hopefully
we'll
have
that
that
other
station
here
in
the
Asheville
buncombe
area,
Henderson
County
area.
Soon
we
had
a
carolina
blue
skies
grant
project.
Several
years
ago,
12
million
dollars
from
the
department
of
energy
was
secured
by
us
and
our
partners,
and
about
one
point
million
of
that
12
men
came
to
this
area
for
for
natural
gas
projects.
A
Through
those
projects
we
deployed
37
natural
gas
vehicles
of
the
city
of
asheville,
hendersonville,
henderson,
county
and
mission
hospital
with
asheville,
getting,
I
think,
about
25
of
those
Chris,
I,
believe
27,
and
also
the
filling
station
that
you
see
here
that
Chris
built
needed
some
expansion,
some
upgrades,
so
some
funds
were
used
for
that
and
also
the
Henderson
County
station
was
upgraded
with
its
storage
capacity
through
those
funds.
So
we
were
very
fortunate
to
get
some
of
those
stimulus
funds
in
our
region
to
advance
our
efforts.
A
So
several
years
ago
we
heard
about
the
rollout
of
these
high-speed
electric
vehicles.
We
had
been
promoting
electric
vehicles,
but
he
was
little
low
speed
of
vehicles
that
college
campuses
were
using
and
other
folks.
But
these
high
speed
electric
vehicles,
like
the
Nissan
Leaf,
the
Chevy
Volt,
were
being
released,
and
so
the
whole
world
was
really
getting
ready
for
the
release
of
these
vehicles
and
trying
to
get
their
communities
ready
for
these
vehicles
and
to
put
in
charging
stations
to
make
it
easier
for
folks
to
make
the
decision
to
purchase
these
vehicles.
A
So
really,
when
we're
talking
about
electric
high
speed
electric
views,
we're
talking
about
two
different
basic
technologies
over
on
the
right,
all
electric
vehicles
known
as
battery
electric
vehicles,
they're
all
electric
note,
no
tailpipe
emissions
at
all.
There
is
no
gas
tank.
There
is
no
gas
motor,
it's
all
electric
motor
battery
system
and
the
best
example
of
that
is
the
Nissan
Leaf.
Currently,
with
a
range
of
about
eighty
four
miles.
A
However,
Nissan
has
released
information
saying
that,
within
about
two
years,
that
range
will
double
to
160
plus,
so
that
will
really
make
these
vehicles
more
attractive,
but
the
Tesla
company
has
a
vehicle
that
gets
over
what
200
miles
range
currently
and
those
are
really
super
vehicles
as
well.
You
can
see
the
cost
their
base
price
about
29,000,
but
there's
a
75
hundred
dollar
federal
tax
credit
that
you
could
take.
Bringing
that
price
way
down.
The
other
technology
is
what
we
call
a
plug-in
hybrid
electrics.
A
They
are
just
like
the
Toyota
Prius
gas-electric
hybrid.
Only
they
have
a
bigger
battery
system
and
plug-in
capability
where
you
can
actually
plug
it
in
and
utilize
more
electric
power
than
you
can
with
a
regular
gas-electric
hybrid.
So
these
vehicles
get
anywhere
from
about
13
to
38
miles
on
all-electric
and
the
best
example
of
that
is
that
is
the
Chevy.
Volt
gets
about
38
miles
on
all-electric
and
then,
when
that's
exhausted
it,
then
the
car
converts
to
a
gas-electric
hybrid
and
you
still
get
great
fuel
economy
and
additional
range.
A
So
if
anyone
has
any
issue
with
range
of
these
vehicles,
if
you
buy
a
plug-in
hybrid
that
still
utilizes
gasoline
you're
going
to
have
the
same
range
that
you
would
or
even
more
than
than
a
conventional
vehicle,
so
that's
a
good
way.
You
know,
if
you
have
a
concern
about
that
is
to
purchase
a
plug-in
electric.
A
The
Chevy
Volt
a
little
bit
more
expensive
but
again
eligible
for
the
75
hundred
dollar
tax
credit,
Ford,
Motor
Company's
come
out
with
a
whole
line
of
plug-in
hybrids
and
all
electrics
BMW
and
several
other
companies,
and
many
more
are
coming
really.
The
only
way
that
we're
going
to
meet
the
new
fuel
economy,
standards,
which
you're
very
aggressive,
is
through
electric
drive
transportation,
so
you're,
seeing
a
lot
of
gas-electric
hybrids
now
being
available,
but
not
even
a
novelty
anymore
and
you're,
going
to
see
a
lot
more
of
the
plug-in
hybrids
and
battery
electrics.
A
We
had
about
200
electric
vehicles
registered
in
the
Asheville
region,
five-county
area
and
about
3400
in
North
Carolina,
it's
been
almost
a
year,
so
we
probably
got
quite
a
few
more.
We
should
be
getting
updated
data
soon
in
lower
right.
This
is
the
Asheville
city
of
Asheville,
Police,
Department,
Chevy,
Volt
that
they
purchased
several
years
ago.
The
charges
at
their
solar
integrated
charging
station
on
Charlotte
Street.
A
So
the
vehicles
are
coming,
so
those
numbers
are
fairly
low
compared
to
the
total
number
of
vehicles,
but
the
the
increase
in
percentage
of
of
electric
drive
vehicles
is
really
going
up
actually
I'm
hearing
that
the
adoption
of
plug-in
electrics
is
even
faster
rate
than
the
gas-electric
hybrids
when
they
first
came
out,
and
this
area
is
has
been
a
leader
in
terms
of
adoption
of
these
technologies.
So
we're
proud
of
that.
A
So
we've
done
a
lot
of
work
into
putting
in
charging
stations
working
with
lots
of
different
partners
over
here
on
the
right
hand,
side,
especially
bright
field
transportation,
solutions,
small
company
here
in
Asheville
that
specializes
in
solar
integrated
charging
stations,
but
with
many
other
entities,
including
city
of
hendersonville,
installed
stations
with
some
grant
support.
So
today,
we've
got
about
80,
public
access
of
workplace
charging,
charging
stations
or
cords
in
the
in
the
five-county
area
at
36
different
locations,
and
that
was
as
of
last
month
and
growing
rapidly.
A
It's
even
hard
now
that
keep
up
keep
track
of
and
how
many
of
these
stations
are
going
in.
It's
a
very
good
news.
Grocery
stores
are
starting
to
put
them
in
on
their
own
and
other
companies
to
see
the
benefit
of
that,
so
we'll
be
working
with
some
other
entities,
especially
in
Transylvania
County,
where
we
don't
have
any
stations
up
in
Madison
County.
We
don't
have
any
over
in
Haywood,
where
we
just
have
a
few
will
be
working
in
those
other
counties
to
to
build
out
that
network,
and
that's
it
any
questions.