►
Description
The Central Florida Computer Society Main Meeting presentation for March 13 by Swami. His presentation of "3D Printing - Past, Present, and Future by Swami, 3D Nerd. This is a clear explanation of 3D printing with example by an expert in the field of 3D printing.
A
3D
printing
past
present
future
he's
brought
in
an
actual
printer.
He
has
a
number
of
examples
of
it
and
at
this
point
I'm
gonna
just
let
you
take
over
swami
and
put
that
where
you
want
and
that's
that's
free
yep
yep.
B
B
B
For
coming,
this
will
be
my
presentation
on
3d,
printing
past
present
and
future,
and,
as
you
can
see
here,
we
have
the
past
on
the
left,
the
present
in
the
center
and
the
future,
with
a
moon
or
moon
mission
kind
of
thing
there
some
may
not
realize
that
3d
printing
actually
goes
back
to
the
1980s.
B
When
the
first
patents
were
made,
it
became
very
popular
with
do-it-yourselfers,
more
recently,
maybe
10
years
ago,
or
so
when
patents
started
to
run
out.
So
they
were
very
expensive
in
the
earliest
days
and
then
now
they've
come
down
to
the
consumer
level
and
basically
democratized
design
and
manufacture
to
the
everyday
person.
In
fact,
you
can
get
a
3d
printer
kit
for
under
200
and
get
started,
and
you
can
go
all
the
way
up
to
thousands
and
thousands
and
industrial
ones
can
go
much
higher,
which
we'll
be
taking
a
look
at.
B
So
let
us
get
on
with
it.
Here
are
some
neat
time
lapse:
animations,
hopefully
they're
going
to
work,
I'm
going
to
start
play
for
just
a
minute,
and
so
we
are
looking
at
the
famous
groot,
and
this
is
a
special
app
that
stops.
The
printer
at
each
layer
and
then
takes
a
picture
and
then
does
another
layer,
so
it
does
these
beautiful
time
lapses.
B
B
I
think,
when
I
conclude
I'll
switch
over
to
the
camera
rather
than
go
back
and
forth,
so
we
will
keep
continuing
with
the
presentation
proper
here
now
we
are
looking
at
a
range
of
3d
printing
technologies
at
different
scales.
In
fact,
if
you
look
in
the
upper
left,
I'm
not
sure
if
you
can
see
my
cursor
but
in
the
upper
left
here.
This
is
a
little
mini
castle
on
the
tip
of
a
pencil
for
relative
scale.
B
This
uses
a
two
photon
phenomenon
and
in
a
droplet
of
resin
it
exposes
and
hardens
the
resin
selectively.
To
get
this
very
small
thing:
here's
250
microns!
So
that's
a
quarter
of
a
millimeter
in
size
that
that
bar
right
there,
then
we
can
go
to
the
other
extreme
on
the
upper
right
of
our
screen.
This
is
a
chinese
3d
printer
for
printing
big
structures,
buildings,
and
this
is
over
2
million
dollars.
B
This
is
an
hp,
3d
printer
and
we
can
see
the
structure
so
for
a
medical
student
they
can
see
the
anatomy
and
touch
it
and
take
it
apart
in
the
front
is
a
fun
I
think
they're
a
couple
from
finland
or
something
but
behind
him
is
a
3d
printer
above
his
head,
and
he
made
this
giant
fidget
spinner
and
then
lastly,
at
the
bottom
right
you
can
see
a
family
portrait,
but
it's
3d
printed,
so
they
got
3d
scanned.
B
There
are
a
number
of
ways
to
do
it.
This
might
have
been
in
a
cylindrical
booth
with
many
cameras,
maybe
a
hundred
cameras
all
around
and
a
simultaneously
taking
shots
from
all
angles:
capturing
the
3d
information
and
the
color
information.
And
then
this
gets
3d
printed.
You
can
see
relative
size
to
the
cat
there
on
the
table,
so
that's
a
modern
family
portrait.
B
B
He
worked
at
a
company
that
was
doing
a
similar
thing
in
a
different
way
and
convinced
the
powers
that
be
to
give
him
a
little
lab
and
he
created
a
loop
for
photographers
l-o-u-p-e,
not
any
connection
to
l-o-o-p,
and
so
the
quotation
I
have
here
is
chuck
to
his
wife.
He
called
her
down
and
she
said
this
had
better
be
good
and
it
turned
out
to
be
very
good,
and
so
this
is
the
first.
B
I
believe
there
was
a
japanese
man
who
had
a
similar
device,
but
he
did
not
get
it
patented
in
time.
So
chuck
gets
the
priority
bragging
rights.
If
you
will
then
another
type
of
3d
printing
technology
a
couple
years
later
in
1988
by
carl
deckard,
this
one
is
called
selective,
laser
sintering
and
it's
powder
based
and
you
shoot
a
laser
at
it.
It
does
not
melt
it.
There
is
a
melting
process,
but
this
one
is
below
the
melting
point
and
it
molecularly
bonds
things
together.
We
get
the
term
cinder
block.
B
B
B
This
is
a
plastic
extrusion
process,
which
is
the
kind
I
have
here
to
show
off
today.
The
patented
or
trademarked
name
is
fuse
deposition,
modeling,
fdm
or
people
will
call
it
ffff,
fused
filament
fabrication
is
a
more
generic
term,
and
this
is
a
husband
and
wife
team.
Actually,
scott
crump
and
his
wife
lisa
crump,
and
here
is
their
patent
one
of
their
schematics
figure
diagrams,
and
then
we
are
showing
in
2005
jumping
forward.
Once
the
patent
ran
out,
then
do-it-yourselfers
started
to
make
their
own
little
hobbies.
B
Very
crude
at
this
time,
took
a
lot
of
effort
to
make
everything
work.
So
as
it
is
with
many
things,
the
idea
is
simple:
the
details
getting
all
the
things
to
work
in
reality.
I
say
reality
conspires
against
you,
so
here
they
are
making
some
of
the
earliest
machines.
In
this
project
it's
called
the
reprap
self-replicating
rapid
prototyper
in
order
for
3d
printers
to
print
3d
printers,
at
least
as
much
of
it
as
they
can
or
should.
The
metal
rods
are
not
3d
printed.
B
So
here's,
the
parent
and
the
child,
and
this
man
on
the
left,
dr
adrian
bauer,
is
sort
of
famous
in
the
dyi
community
for
getting
this
going
and
moving
forward
with.
It
he's
actually
doing
some
interesting
new
things
with
new
ideas.
It's
ever
evolving
thing,
this
technology
and
people
doing
it
here
is
a
overview
of
the
range
of
technologies.
B
There
are
even
more
actually,
but
this
one.
This
3d
printing
is
called
additive
manufacturing,
and
this
is
in
opposition
to
traditional
milling,
where
you're
subtracting,
stuff
you're
taking
stuff
away
subtractive.
So
the
additive
manufacturing
we
see
the
vat
polymerization,
that's
the
resin
stuff.
Then
we
see
the
fdm
plastic
extrusion.
B
Then
there
is
a
material
jetting
and
I
believe
that's
the
one
that
made
the
skull
and
brain
and
spine
and
such
then
there
is
a
binder
jetting,
which
is
the
metal
3d
print
that
I
have
where
it
lays
down
a
metal
powder
with
some
binder
and
stuff
in
it
and
then
goes
layer
by
layer.
So
almost
all
of
these
are
layer
by
layer,
there's
a
couple
ideas,
working
on
other
ways
and
then
the
powder
bed,
fusion
and
then
lastly,
which
is
behind
the
zoom
people
on
the
right
there
I
believe,
are
electron
beam
fusion.
B
B
B
If
you
can
do
this
in-house
and
do
rapid
prototyping,
then
you've
made
an
advance,
and
this
is
a
a
very
good
use
for
3d.
Printing
reverse
engineering
is
another
interesting
application
which
I
do
a
bit
of.
You
take
an
existing
part
that
is
maybe
no
longer
available,
or
it's
too
expensive,
for
instance,
and
you
might
be
able
to
make
it
cheaper.
You
might
not
industrial
applications
in
metal,
particularly
a
high
temp,
titanium,
nozzles
and
other
things.
B
Medical
and
dental
are
very
active,
especially
dental
have
a
friend
working
on
some
projects
in
that
right
now.
Actually,
games,
entertainment
and
toys
architecture.
We'll
show
you
an
example
of
a
3d
printed
house,
which
is
still
it's
been
around
for
years,
but
it's
still
developing
it's
again
easier
said
than
done:
defense,
space,
aerospace
and
automotive.
These
are
sort
of
high-end,
so
these
are
the
more
expensive
printers
and
they
have
to
meet
more
rigorous
standards
for
certifications
and
and
such
so.
This
is
its
own
realm
fashion
and
retail.
B
I'm
going
to
show
you
some
3d
printed
generated
and
printed
address,
which
is
quite
interesting.
The
cost
play
and
rpg
role
role-playing
games.
So
these
are
people
who
dress
up
as
their
favorite
superheroes
and
manga
characters,
and
things
like
that
education,
which
I
use
it
a
lot.
B
That
is,
for
I
use
it
in
math
and
chemistry
and
physics,
astronomy,
all
kinds
of
things
and
and
kids
love
it
and
you
get
the
hands
on
it,
makes
it
more
real
food.
There
have
been
some
efforts
in
3d,
printing,
chocolate
and
sugar,
and
I
have
some
examples
on
images
here
and
and
much
more
so
that
gives
you
an
idea
that
there's
quite
a
lot
of
applications
here
is
one
that
I
was
involved
in.
B
In
fact,
a
young
inventor
came
to
me
with
some
drawings,
2d
drawings
and
wanted
a
3d
version
of
an
exoskeleton
force
multiplier
for
workers,
and
so
I
created
a
3d
model
from
his
2d
stuff
and
3d
printed
it
on
the
right
here
you
can
see
the
final
product
put
together
with
the
bolts
and
washers
and
nuts
and
such,
and
then
he
presented,
I
think
at
ormc
or
maybe
advent
health,
so
that
was
a
very
exciting
project
and
help
a
young
guy
along.
B
So
here
is
another
example
that
I
did
for
a
donkey
kong
arcade,
but
the
machine
that
they
made
was
oversized
at
10
feet
tall,
and
so
I
took
a
existing
regular
sized
piece
drew
and
cad
a
side
profile
view
and
revolved
it
around
then
did
some
prototyping
in
black
there,
and
then
you
can
see
a
comparison
and
size
between
the
original
and
the
upscaled
one
and
in
the
bottom
you
can
see
the
start
to
finish
in
the
right
and
finally
in
hand
is
the
button,
and
these
were
installed
on
a
couple
machines,
and
then
they
have
a
yearly
conference
and
there
was
a
competition
to
see
who
got
the
best
scores
on
this
donkey
kong
machine.
B
So
that
was
a
quite
satisfying
project.
These
are
others
you
can
see
on
the
left.
The
man
is
standing
inside
the
3d
printer.
So
if
you
haven't
seen
how
big
they
can
get
there,
he
is
to
the
right
might
be
from
it.
Is
the
metal
selective
laser
selective
sintering
here
sls
making
some
turbine
fan
fin
kind
of
things.
B
B
It
creates
these
organic
forms
and
by
some
measure
of
fit
it
decides
which
ones
are
good
and
they
combine
in
this
genetic
algorithm
to
create
the
future
generations.
It's
called
generative
design
so
in
the
left
would
be
the
original
way
of
doing
it.
Where
you
have
specified
everything
the
generative
says.
I
need
these
holes
to
be
here
of
this
size
at
this
spacing
and
this
through
hole
to
be
here,
but
everything
else
can
go
any
way.
B
The
program
wants
to
make
it
and
they
end
up
coming
out
very
organic,
curved
and
whatnot,
but
the
advantage
is
you
have
much
less
material,
which
is
especially
important
in
things
where
fuel
economy
is
important
with
everything,
but
particularly
for
space
applications
and
whatnot,
and
we
really
can't
produce
a
thing
like
this
without
a
3d
printer.
So
it
had
to
wait
for
3d
printing
to
come
along
for
this
idea
of
generative
design
to
be
realized
in
the
real
world
and
on
the
right.
B
You
see
a
motorcycle
frame
that
has
been
designed
with
the
generative
process
again
very
light
and
yet
very
strong,
and
there
are
quite
a
few
companies
taking
advantage
of
this
technology.
B
B
B
So
there's
been
an
interesting
benefit
of
esteem
for
particularly
for
kids,
and
these
things
professionally
before
could
be
very
expensive:
five,
ten
fifteen
thousand
dollars
and
they're
young
and
growing,
and
then
you
need
another
one
later
so
3d
printing
offers
a
an
affordable
way
to
do
it
in
a
very
customizable
way
to
do
it
so
there's
actually
an
entire
program
called
enable
where
they
pool
people
around
the
world
to
do
all
the
different
aspects,
including
the
the
shipping
and
everything,
to
get
these
to
kids
for
free.
So
it's
really
an
amazing
application.
B
Current
of
3d
printing
in
movies
plenty
of
3d
printing,
going
on
in
movies
in
the
left.
That
might
I
don't
know
if
people
recognize
it.
It
looks
like
a
fantasy
fiction
kind
of
thing,
maybe
a
lord
of
the
rings
type
thing.
B
I
don't
recall
guardians
of
the
galaxy
in
the
top
right,
of
course,
iron
man
down
here
and
on
the
left
is
some
of
the
iron
man
pieces
that
they
used
and
then
down
on
the
bottom
right
would
be
harry
potter,
so
a
range
of
uses
in
film
houses
here
is
what
I
was
talking
about.
A
3d
printed
house,
so,
although
some
of
these
other
structures,
but
the
majority
of
it
is
3d
printed
and
these
are
a
project
to
make
low
cost
housing
for
people
in
central
america.
B
So
again,
in
addition
to
industry
for
profit,
there
are
a
number
of
people
using
3d
printing
for
altruistic
purposes.
Here's
our
buddy
jay
leno
famous
for
having
an
amazing
collection
of
cars,
all
the
way
back
from
stanley
steemers
in
the
early
1900s
up
to
modern
vehicles,
and
particularly
with
older
vehicles.
B
Moving
on
here
is
the
dress
that
I
was
talking
about.
This
is
a
hinged
dress,
so
this
one
is
made
of
a
bunch
of
little
triangles
of
different
sizes
with
hinges,
and
it
is
printed
as
one
piece
and
if
we
look
at
the
here
on,
the
left
shows
the
process
to
get
there.
So
you
take
a
3d
scan,
then
you
make
a
general
form
of
the
dress
shape
and
then
you
tessellate
it,
and
that
is
a
tiling
of
the
surface.
With
triangles
fitting
triangles
onto
the
surface.
B
B
B
Here's
a
cosplay,
bindi
she's,
very
famous
for
her
amazing
work
on
the
right.
You
see
the
reference
image
and
here
she
is,
and
she
taught
herself
all
the
3d
printing.
She
has
a
print
farm
and
five
or
more
of
them.
I
don't
know
how
many
now
and
she
does
all
the
3d
printing,
all
the
airbrush
painting,
all
the
electronics,
all
the
everything
just
amazing-
and
there
are
a
lot
of
people
doing
amazing
work
like
this.
B
Here's
one
I
did
for
a
tutor
student
in
chemistry
and
again
here
is
an
opportunity
to
make
things
a
little
more
real.
These
are
electron
clouds,
the
orbitals.
These
are
solutions
to
the
stranger
equation,
which
are
probabilities
of
where
the
electron
might
be
found,
since
at
the
quantum
level,
you
are
only
dealing
in
probabilities,
you
don't
know
exactly
where
it
is
and
what
direction
you
have
a
problem
with
that
and
so
on
the
right
here
you
can
see
the
3d
printed
forms
of
the
clouds.
B
B
The
drive
unit
is
off
to
the
side
here,
and
so
the
head
is
very
light
and
nimble,
so
low
inertia,
and
if
you
go
online
and
watch
the
pickers
they
can
move
almost
in
a
blur.
In
fact,
this
can
move
faster
than
other
things
have
to
go
at
the
rate
they
have
to
go
at.
So
here
is
this
type
of
3d
printer,
so
even
within
fdm,
which
is
what
this
one
is.
There
are
different
designs,
so
here's
a
wonderful
mathy
thing:
I
play
a
game
with
my
students
of
exploration,
discovery
observation.
B
This
is
a
stereographic
projection
sphere
and
the
it's
projective
geometry.
So
if
you
shine
a
light
in
this
one
from
the
north
pole,
all
of
these
openings
are
in
such
a
way
that
they
will
project
down
to
a
perfect
regular
grid,
which
is
often
quite
a
surprise
when
you're
only
looking
at
this
3d
sphere
type
shape,
so
that
one
is
is
a
fun
one.
B
Here
are
some
more
things
so
food
stuffs
here
we
have
classic
star
trek
and
the
replicator,
but
in
reality
this
one
in
the
upper
right
is
not
a
reality.
That's
kind
of
a
what,
if
but
down
in
the
bottom,
there
are
this
bottom
left.
One
is
kind
of
a
pastry
squeezer
under
computer
control.
B
The
middle
one
is
chocolate,
so
chocolate
roses,
and
then
in
the
bottom
right
we
have
sugar,
where
they
just
lay
down
a
thin
layer
of
sugar
and
then
a
little
bit
of
water
and
then
another
layer
of
sugar
to
get
them
to
build
up
and
they
can
introduce
edible
dyes
while
they
go
to
get
the
colors
all
right.
B
We're
moving
on
here
is
one
that
I
had
a
great
pleasure
to
do
with
3d
scanning
this
3d
relief,
wood,
carving
by
a
local
artist,
goes
by
purple,
and
this
is
a
young
entrepreneur,
great
guy,
and
he
is
using
his
3d
scanner
in
the
bottom
left
here
and
then
you
get
a
3d
model
of
it
made
up
of
a
bunch
of
triangles
connected
and
in
the
top
center
is
where
you
prepare
it
for
3d,
printing
and
then
in
the
bottom.
B
B
The
original
piece
took
him
weeks,
sometimes
even
a
month
or
more,
to
produce
one
of
those.
So
once
you
can
capture
it
in
3d
and
then
you
can
use
various
technologies
to
output
it
in
the
plastic,
metal,
wood,
any
other
number
of
things.
But
again
the
concept
is
simple:
scan
it
3d
prep,
it
output
it,
but
all
the
parts
all
the
steps
in
between
are
the
challenge.
B
So
3d
printing
is
unusual
in
that
traditional
manufacturing,
the
more
you
make,
the
less
it
cost
per
unit.
You
don't
get
that
advantage
in
3d
printing,
but
you
do
get
the
advantage
that
the
complexity
comes
for
free.
The
problem
is
in
traditional.
You
have
a
very
expensive
mold.
B
Typically,
if
you're
doing
injection
molding,
for
instance,
it's
actually
a
machine,
it's
not
just
like
a
kitchen
gel
mold
or
something
with
fruit
and
stuff
in
it.
It
is
actually
a
machine
of
metal
that
gets
milled
out
and
you
have
injectors
and
lifters
and
50
000
pounds
per
square
inch
of
pressure
and
all
kinds
of
things.
B
So
some
of
the
things
wider
availability
to
consumers
and
students,
as
well
as
third
world,
further
advances
for
schools,
the
stem
and
whatnot
faster.
They
are
making
them
faster
and
being
able
to
do
multiple
at
one
time
increasing
the
scale
of
production
as
more
of
them.
At
a
time
increase
in
automation
for
3d,
printing,
more
scaling
up
continued
advances
in
materials.
The
material
science
has
really
been
a
huge
area
in
3d
printing
for
metal
alloys,
possibly
graphing,
who
knows
than
personalized
health
devices,
hearing
aids,
dental
fixtures,
hip
replacements,
etc.
B
More
medical
structural
parts
primarily
they're
doing
structural
parts.
There
are
some
research
into
functional
parts,
a
little
mini,
liver
kind
of
thing
and
a
little
heart
kind
of
thing
that
has
some
beating,
but
certainly
not
fully
functional.
Yet
advances
in
the
generative
design
that
I
was
talking
about.
Reduction
of
weight,
which
we
mentioned
through
the
generative,
continued
marriage
combination
of
additive
and
subtractive.
B
So
that's
an
interesting
aspect
and
then
3d,
printing
in
space
and
other
worlds
like
the
moon
and
mars.
And
such
it
would
be
much
more
economical
to
take
up
the
machine
that
makes
stuff
to
the
planet
and
then
use
the
natural
resources
of
the
planet
to
be
the
material
that
is
the
building,
because
one
of
the
big
expenses
in
space
is
the
launching
the
amount
of
dollars
per
weight
is
is
prohibitive.
B
So
one
last
fun
slide
here
or
photos.
Kids
love
it
in
the
left.
I
am
doing
at
a
maker's,
fair,
that's
held
every
year
around
the
country
in
the
world
and
here
in
orlando,
so
these
kids
have
drawn
in
sharpie,
and
then
I
took
a
photograph
and
converted
it
into
3d
and
then
make
their
art
become
a
3d
printed
thing.
B
This
is
a
school
kind
of
a
montessori
style,
alternative
school,
a
friend
of
mine,
teaches
at
and
we
had
a
3d
printing
day
for
them
and
had
snowflakes,
and
then
they
got
to
glitter
them
and
paint
them
and
and
have
fun,
and
it
really
brings
kids
out,
especially
shire
ones.
If
you
will,
there
was
one
autistic
kid
here
who
was
just
fascinated
by
it,
and
then
I
think
this
one.
B
I
can't
see
with
everybody
in
the
way,
but
there
was
one
starfest
I
did
where
I
did
3d
printing
in
space,
and
I
was
printing
these
little
rockets
for
kids
and
one
little
four-year-old
was
glued
to
it
and
it
took
maybe
20
minutes
or
more
to
print
and
his
mother
said
he
never
watches
or
does
anything
for
more
than
a
minute
or
two
and
he
was
ready
to
stay
there.
The
whole
night
and
watch
even
more.
B
So
that's
a
great
reward
in
the
3d
printing
and
there
I
am
in
the
local
factor.
Makerspace.
There
are
three
maker
spaces
in
town
lab
in
longwood,
the
first
one
factor
as
in
manufacture
in
central
orlando
and
a
newer
one.
Several
years
now
in
south
orlando
near
sand,
lake
called
mfx,
I'm
very
involved
in
factor,
in
fact,
I'm
the
lab
manager
for
the
3d
printing
and
I'm
fairly
involved
in
the
maker
effects,
helping
people
with
cnc
and
whatnot
in
3d,
printing
and
lasering.
B
So
if
you
want
to
get
into
3d
printing,
you
can
either
buy
one
and
go
at
it
or
you
can
join
a
makerspace
and
get
access
to
it.
Along
with
your
own
personal
swami,
to
help
you
get
up
and
running
and
then
somewhere
here,
I
had
a
slide
that
I
thought
there
we
go
didn't
want
to
miss
that
one.
Can
I
double
click.
Do
I
get
bigger?
I
can
say:
oh
something
is
in
the
way.
Can
I
move
something
out
of
the
way
up
there
we
go
go
to
action.
B
Oh
slide
show
from
current
slide
there
we
go
we're
back
okay.
This
is
my
saying
and
my
wisdom
from
doing
this.
Many
things
can
be
3d
printed,
but
not
everything
and
everything
that
can
shouldn't.
B
So
there
are
certain
technologies
that
are
more
appropriate
depending
on
what
you're
doing,
and
so
this
is
a
very
important
outgrowth
from
my
experience
in
3d
printing.
B
So
with
that,
I
think
I
will
do
some
video
cam
action
to
show
you
some
actual
examples
in
the
3d
printer
and
then
those
present
can
get
some
more
hands
on.
Maybe
so
let
us
go
ahead
and
stop
the
share
and
now
thumbs
up.
If
you
can
see
me,
can
you
see
me?
Yes,
no
cool
thanks,
huey
all
right,
so
I'm
going
to
lift
this
guy
off
and
we're
going
to
take
a
look
at
some
of
the
things.
I'm
not
sure
how
well
we're
going
to
see
I'm
going
to
try
and
come
back.
B
Give
you
the
overview
in
the
back
is
one
of
my
many
3d
printers
and
on
the
top,
is
the
spool
with
the
plastic
in
a
filament
thread
and
it
gets
fed
through
a
nozzle
heated
up
and
extruded
through
as
a
thin
little
stream,
and
then
it
moves
around
and
lays
it
down
on
the
table
and
goes
up
layer
by
layer.
Some
of
the
things
we
have
are
see
if
this
is
gonna
work
at
all.
This
is
a
3d
printed
thrust
bearing
with
planetary
gears
all
in
place.
B
In
fact,
you
cannot
manufacture
this
unless
you
had
it
in
pieces
and
assembled
it.
Cleverly,
each
layer
is
interlocking,
but
as
it
goes
up
it
twists
around.
So
in
the
end
you
come
up
with
the
final
assembled
piece,
which
is
interesting,
the
metal
one
that
I
had
made
reference
to
see.
If
we
can
do
this
a
little
better
there,
we
go
the
metal
one
here
is
another
three-dimensional
fractal,
the
name,
some
kind
of
cube.
B
I
forget
who's
named
after
now,
but
it
has
these
square
holes
in
holes
in
holes
at
different
scales,
which
is
part
of
the
fractal,
and
it
was
again
binder
jetted
with
one
layer
of
metal
powder
and
then
a
binder
and
then
layer
by
layer
up
and
up
and
up
again.
So
you
could
not
mill
a
thing
like
this
and
then
another
one
here.
This
is
the
original
technology.
We
talked
about
from
resin
the
slas,
selective
laser
apparatus,
and
this
one
allows
for
finer
details
than
the
plastic.
B
The
nozzle
can
only
get
so
small
and
effectively
make
things.
This
can
be
either
done
with
a
laser
light,
uv
laser
light
or
a
uv
projection
of
light,
going
through
a
masking
to
give
selective
hardening
and
you
can
get
down
to
20
micron
layer
heights.
A
human
hair
is
10
to
100
and
you
can
maybe
get
down
to
30
micron
in
the
xy,
so
we're
talking
very
small
and
then
the
other
technology
that
we
talked
about.
B
Is
this
a
selective
laser
sintering
powder
based
one
here,
and
so
this
is
again
our
get
him
back
together
in
the
right
way.
How
does
he
go
there?
He
goes
so
they
are
the
same
geometric
fractal
shape,
but
this
one
is
interesting
because
different
technology,
and
if
we
open
it
up,
we
see
hiding
inside
this
fascinating
shape
of
the
jewish
star.
B
If
you
will
so
another
fun
fascinating
one,
especially
for
young
students
to
excite
them
about
mathematics
and
all
of
these
other
things,
because
mathematics
is
a
very
thing
you
can
explore
and
discover,
and
it's
got
human
history
and
they
teach
it
so
dryly,
sometimes
just
the
procedures
I'll
try
and
go
through
a
few
quickly.
Not
all
of
them
here
is
the
scanned
wood
carving.
B
There
we
get
a
little
better
contrast
at
that
angle.
There
here
is
our
famous
guy
fibonacci,
you
guys
know
fibonacci.
This
is
a
fibonacci
nautilus
with
the
actual
number
it
doesn't
match
in
nature.
Actually,
what
is
one
more
that
will
be?
Oh
yeah,
we
got
can't
forget
this
one.
B
You
can
see
the
scale
of
this
thing
and
I
say
what
is
this
and
then
I
tell
them:
it's
a
6
trillion
mile
long
gas
cloud
in
outer
space,
so
in
the
1800s,
a
cloud
erupted
or
a
star
erupted
and
sent
out
a
cloud
of
hydrogen
and
whatnot
and
expanded
throughout
space,
and
the
nasa
has
observed
it
and
3d
scanned
it
in
space
and
made
it
available
for
people
to
print
and
the
different
geometries
and
features
tell
different
aspects
of
the
cataclysmic
cosmic
event.
B
B
C
So
I
saw
a
business
card
with
an
email
address
and
a
telephone.
Do
you
take
commercial
projects
from
individuals?
Indeed
yep?
If
I'm
working
on
my
corvettes
and
it's
in
in
1984-
and
I
just
can't
get
the
part
and
it
seems
like
it's
something
that
could
be
3d
printed,
I
could
contact
you
and
we
could
attempt
to
negotiate
a
price
and
you
could
make
something
for
me.
B
Indeed,
so
it
would
be
a
initial
kind
of
consultation
to
find
out
all
the
details
and
and
what's
possible-
and
I
so
I
have
an
interesting
short
anecdote.
A
guy
came
into
the
3d
lab
inventor
and
said
I
have
this
little
part
for
my
joystick.
I'm
inventing.
Can
you
3d
print
this
thing
for
me,
but
20
minutes
later
he's
walking
out
and
going
yeah
acrylic
on
the
laser
machine.
That's
a
much
better
idea
right!
B
One
thing
I
will
caution:
3d,
printing,
reverse
engineering
is
generally
skill,
intensive
experience,
intensive
and
you
don't
get
the
economy
of
scale.
So
you
might
get
the
thing,
but
it
might
not
be
cheaper
than
the
mass-produced
one.
C
Well,
but
it
would
be
a
situation
because
the
car
is
so
old.
Many
things
are
just
not
being
made
anymore
and
if
there
might
be
an
old
one
of
the
parts,
that's
broken,
but
you
could
scan
it
and
see
what
the
whole
unit
would
be.
C
Another
example,
although
I
found
a
solution,
is
I
have
custom
rims
on
my
car
and
the
custom.
Rims
have
a
plastic
chromed
centerpiece
covering
all
the
bolt
holes,
and
I
was
out
driving
around
with
my
son
about
six
months
ago
and
we
stopped
and
he
said,
hey
dad,
you
lost
your
centerpiece,
it's
gone
and
I
said
uh-oh
and
I
went
online
couldn't
find
him
yeah.
So
I
said
oh
well.
This
would
be
an
ideal
thing
to
3d
print
and
at
the
time
I
didn't
know
where
I
could
find
somebody
that
would
do
that.
But.
B
C
No
I'm,
okay
now
and
I've.
I
screen
captured
your
little
business
card,
so
I
I
can
get
in
touch
with
you
when
something
comes
up.
A
B
Yeah
I
get,
as
you
know,
absorbed
in
a
thing
and
then
I
go
at
it.
A
Indeed,
indeed,
are
you
working
at
all
with
ucf?
I
noticed
the
ironman
thing
and
the
prosthetic
limb
was
something
they
kind
of
hit.
The.
B
Media
with
anything
directly
with
them,
the
enable
project
I
talked
about
ucf
has
been
involved
in.
They
do
have
a
3d
printing,
medical
research,
department
or
wing,
and
a
friend
of
mine
has
been
working
there.
I'm
not
sure
if
he
is
jim
inziello,
I've
known
him
for
several
decades
now
and
he
was
their
3d
printing
guru
doing
some
of
the
things
like
the
brain
skull
thing
that
I
was
showing
he
was
doing
those
for
arms
with
wounds
and
things
like
that.
Yeah
tangentially
I've
been
aware
of
what
they're
doing
yeah.
A
B
Is
an
interesting
one
and
it's
been
a
couple
years
I
remember
hearing
about
this
and
space
is
a
different
arrangement
and
there's
different.
You
know
it's
microgravity,
of
course,
there's
not
any
zero
gravity,
but
when
you
have
phenomena
that
require
gravity
and
then
you're
trying
to
do
it
in
a
microgravity
space,
you
you
need
to
figure
out
how
to
do
that.
So
I
would
have
to
go
and
research
further
to
see
what
they
found
out.
But
that
is
this
thing.
B
People
have
people
want
things
cheap,
fast
and
quality
right,
that's
and
they
say
the
classic
is
pick
two
so
and,
like
I
said,
reality
conspires
against
you
and
what
is
intuitively
simple
in
one's
mind
can
be
very
difficult
in
reality,
and
so
that's
part
of
the
challenge
I
enjoy
is
of
the
giant
solution
space
with
all
the
technologies.
Hardware,
software,
all
the
limitations,
all
the
money,
all
the
time,
anything
that
it
possibly
takes
to
make
something
happen.
B
B
Yeah,
so
I
I'm
a
retired
bum
without
a
job,
and
so
in
my
in
my
spare
time.
I
do
a
lot
of
assisting
and
consulting
and
helping
a
lot
people
online
guys
with
laser
cutting
machines
in
bulgaria
and
cnc
machines
in
new
zealand
and
all
over
the
world,
and
they
many
of
them
like
some
people
here
thinking
in
3d
printing,
they
get
excited,
they
have
an
idea.
They
need
a
solution,
they
they
buy
into
it
and
then
all
of
a
sudden
they
realize
there's
so
much
more
to
it
and
they're
over
their
head.
B
And
fortunately
I
have
many
years
of
experience
and
some
ability-
and
I
query
them
a
lot
figure
out
what's
going
on
and
then
get
them
up
and
running,
and
then
they
end
up
being
able
to
do
what
they
they
and
one
guy
since
he's
a
kid
he's
always
been
an
inventor
and
then,
but
he
ended
up
becoming
a
graphic
designer
and
he
never
got
into
the
engineering
side
of
it,
and
I've
recently
worked
with
him
in
video,
chats
and
online
emails
and
stuff,
and
he
designed
modeled
3d
printed.
B
His
first
thing
all
in
his
room
there
and
it's
a
business
he's
trying
to
make
a
go
at
it.
He
makes
lightsaber
things
for
star
wars,
cosplay
type
stuff,
and
he
just
he
said
he.
I
don't
know
how
I
could
ever.
Thank
you
enough
to
to
take
me
from
that
that
I
knew
I
always
wanted
and
could
do,
but
never
had
the
access
never
had
the
understanding
and
when
I
bought
into
it,
I
still
couldn't
get
there.
B
I
needed
somebody
to
show
me,
and
so,
as
a
teacher,
that's
one
of
the
greatest
reward
is
to
see
somebody
else
have
that
success
and
empower
them
beyond,
and
if
I
do
my
job
well
enough,
they
don't
need
me
anymore
and
then
I
go
on
to
help
the
next
person
yeah.
So
it's
it's
a
wonderful
thing,
but
thanks
for
all
the
questions
and
great
to
see
you
again
and
now,
with
covid
leveling
off,
hopefully
I'll
get
to
shake
your
hand
and
talk
philosophy
and
stuff
again,
there's
a
question
from
bill:
james
all
right
bill.
A
B
A
Have
one
two
questions
actually
for
someone
like
myself
that
just
wanted
this
to
kind
of
play?
What's
the
is
there
a
3d
printer,
that's
under
500
that
would
be
worthwhile
purchasing?
Yes,.
B
Certainly
at
the
500,
if
you
can
take
a
picture
of
me.
Yes,
sorry
at
the
500
level,
you
can
definitely
get
a
very
nice
printer,
the
less
expensive
ones,
I'm
doing
a
little
promo
shot
here.
The
less
expensive
ones
are
kits.
So
if
you
have
any
interest
and
ability
in
assembling
it
building
it
yourself,
you
can
save
some
money.
One
of
the
other
advantages.
Besides
saving
money,
is
getting
the
experience.
If
you
enjoy
that
kind
of
thing.
Also,
then
you'll
know
all
of
how
it
goes
together.
A
B
So
the
3d
viewer
is
like
it
says,
a
viewer,
and
so
it
is
going
to
just
show
you
and
let
you
orbit
around
the
thing
so
in
the
3d
printing.
So
we
didn't
so
much
go
into
the
process
of
3d
printing
from
start
to
finish,
but
in
a
nutshell,
you
get
a
3d
representation
of
your
object
right,
whether
you
scan
it
in
or
whether
you're
going
to
a
cad
program
or,
however
you
get
it,
you
get
it
off
the
internet.
B
You
have
the
3d
representation,
then
you
have
to
take
that
into
a
program
to
prepare
it
for
the
3d
printing.
It's
called
a
slicer
and
it
makes
the
layers
it
slices
that
model
up
into
the
layers
and
then
it
outputs
a
program
that
can
control
the
motion
of
the
machine,
sometimes
called
the
g-code
or
the
motion
control
code,
and
then
you
can
output
it.
B
So
you
don't
send
to
the
printer
from
that
viewer
that
you're
talking
about
you,
do
it
from
another
program
and
if
you
dive
into
it,
we
get
together
and
I'll
help
you
through
the
through
the
process
and
how
it
works.
And,
of
course,
there's
youtubes
and
and
articles
online
and
all
kinds
of
stuff
to
to
teach
yourself
as
you
go,
it's
a
process
there's
a
lot
to
it
so,
depending
on
what
your
expectations
are,
what
you
want
to
do
with
it.
B
B
You
know
some
people
might
get
discouraged
and
and
throw
their
hands
up,
because
you
will
have
failed
prints
and
having
to
figure
out
all
the
concepts
and
the
terminology
and
all
the
hardware
and
how
to
manipulate
things.
It
is
quite
a
it's
not
rocket
science,
but
there's
a
lot
of
details.
Okay,
stan.
A
C
A
B
I
had
a
card
up
there.
I
can
put
that
up.
Please
still
be
able
to
hear
me
when
I
get
off
here.
So
let
me
go
ahead
and
share
that
and
I
can
continue
to
take
questions.
B
Yeah
that'll
be
good.
Here
we
go.
A
B
A
B
B
Yeah,
I
just
can't
move
the
camera
as
easily.
I
mean
I
guess
I
can.
I
can
do
that
anyhow
yep,
so
anybody
who
wants
to
know
anything
about
the
3d
printers,
the
3d
printing,
I
can
be
reached
at
at
the
email
and
the
phone
number
there.
I
also
do
laser
cutting
and
engraving,
which
is
a
wonderful
fun
thing
to
get
into,
as
well
as
the
cnc,
which
is
a
computer
numerical
control.
B
It's
basically
a
computer
controlled
drill
bit,
although
the
bits
are
called
different
things
and
different,
a
wider
range
of
bits
to
do
different
kinds
of
things
in
different
materials.
But
I
will
note
that
they
are
all
similar
in
the
in
the
process.
In
the
workflow
you
get
a
digital
representation
of
the
thing
you
prepare
it
in
such
a
way
that
the
file
can
control
the
machine,
and
then
you
calibrate
the
machine,
get
the
material
in
it
and
run
the
job.
And
then
you
have
your
product.
B
It
may
be
the
final
thing
or
you
may
have
to
do
some
post-processing,
getting
rid
of
burrs
and
doing
other
stuff,
but
the
the
maker
scene
is
very
similar
to
just
the
details.
Are
different
depending
on
which
technologies
you're
using.
B
Yep,
so
there
are
a
range
and
it's
going
to
depend
the
kind
of
things
you
want
to
model
and
the
things
you
want
to
do
with
them.
So
there
are
3d
cad
programs.
I
use
several
one.
Primarily
I
use
is
called
fusion
360.
a
good
thing
about.
It
is
there's
a
free
hobby
version.
It's
very
capable
fusion
360..
B
Okay,
so
some
of
that
experience
will
help
you
and
some
of
it
will
hinder
you,
because
the
mindset,
the
workflow
the
tool
set,
is
going
to
be
different
in
the
3d
cad
applications,
so
understanding
3d
space
getting
around
in
it
an
interface
on
a
computer
and
stuff
those
things
apply.
But
the
way
it's
done,
the
paradigm
in
3d
cad
is
different
and
you
have
to
learn
and
work
within
that
kind
of
thing.
Solidworks
is
an
industry
standard
for
3d
cad,
autodesk
inventor.
B
They
are
a
number
now,
if
you
are
making
more
organic
shapes
and
things
for
cosplay
and
whatnot.
B
There
are
polygon
modelers,
where
it's
basically
triangles
stuck
together,
all
making
a
mesh
and
then
they're
sculpting
modes,
where
you
can
push
and
pull
more
like
clay
and
make
more
rounded
curvy
abstract
things,
whereas
3d
cad
are
specific
mathematical
surfaces
and
they
are
done
in
such
a
way
that
you
can
manufacture
them.
B
So
that's
a
big
difference
between
those
two
major
different
ways
of
making
3d
models.
Any
number
of
other
ways.
You
can
take
a
bunch
of
photographs
and
reproduce
the
3d
object
from
photogrammetry.
B
A
What
I
did,
for
example,
was
we
had
a
tornado
cut
through
the
front
of
our
house,
and
it
took
the
canopy
and
the
whole
front
thing
off
yeah.
The
problem
was
that
the
poles
that
held
up
the
canopy
sort
of
got
sheared
in
half
and
they
were
a
little
bit
bigger
than
the
poles
for
a
fence,
so
we
couldn't
cut
it
off
and
then
cap
it
because
the
caps
would
have
to
have
been
a
little
bigger
than
what
you
could
buy.
A
So
what
I
did
was
I
generated
a
profile
of
what
the
caps
should
look
like
by
taking
what
it
normally
is
on
fence
post
scaling
it
up
a
little
bigger
to
suit
the
what
was
left
of
the
poles
after
the
tornado
chopped
it
off
a
friend
of
mine
just
got
a
3d
printer.
I
sent
them
them
as
eps
files.
A
B
Yep
yep:
that's
that's
the
kind
of
thing
that
it's
one
of
the
applications
that
is
so
nice
for
and
there's
a
there's,
a
kind
of
satisfaction
in
it,
especially
if
you're
doing
it
from
start
to
finish,
but
I
mean
you,
you
have
the
satisfaction
of
modeling
it
and
having
somebody
do
it
and
having
it
work.
B
So
there
are
many
areas
within
3d
printing
where
you
can
get
challenge
and
reward
yeah
cool
and
again,
if
you
have
any
interest
in
getting
the
3d
printer
and
doing
that
kind
of
thing
or
learning
more
of
the
3d
cad,
modern,
3d,
cad,
apps
and
stuff,
I'm
more
than
happy
to
to
get
together
and
help
you
with
that.
B
B
Going
pretty
smoothly,
that's
a
great
bunch
of
questions.
I
really
appreciate
all
the
interest
and
and
interesting
questions
all
right,
I'm
going
to
be
showing
off
the
the
actual
3d
printer
to
those
here
and
again.
Anybody
who
wants
to
come
down
to
the
makerspace
and
see
those
3d
printers
and
all
the
other
machines,
just
contact
me
and
and
I'll
get
together
with
you
bill
and
anybody
else
and
we'll
we'll
get
you
up
and
running.
B
A
Yeah
and
steve
parker
is
steve:
where
are
you
you're
in
california?
Is
it
toronto
toronto.
B
Again,
luckily,
with
the
modern
age
with
video
chat
and
emails
and
other
things,
I
can
certainly
help
people
that
way.
A
B
Right
by
lake
ivanhoe
for
those
who
know
that
area,
yep,
okay,
we're
getting
ready
to
move
to
a
new
facility,
hopefully
news
flash
that
whole
area
is
getting
developed
and
our
building
is
going
to
get
raised
to
the
ground
in
some
number
of
months.
So
the
good
news
is
we'll
have
a
new
facility
sometime
in
the
coming
months,
but
so
for
those
who
are
local,
they
offer
certain
stance
to
come
and
tour.
B
It
and
check
it
out,
and
those
who
are
remote
will
work
it
out
that
way
and
be
able
to
help
you
home
good,
show
all
right.
Well,
thanks
for
sticking
with
me
bill
was
noting
that
how
thorough
it
was
I
have
been
accused
of
being
thorough
and
detailed,
and
not
everybody
has
the
patience.
The
stamina
I'm
kind
of
the
energizer
bunny
of
that
focus
and
concentration,
but
when,
when
they
get
into
that
sticky
part,
they
know
who
they
are
coming
to
swallow
me.
How
does
this
work
anyhow?
A
Worked
well
and-
and
we
had
people
from
all
over
the
country
and
canada
yeah
watching
and
we
are
recording
it
and
it'll-
be
posted
on
our
youtube
channel
I'll.
A
B
B
A
A
A
A
A
Facebook
portal
quite
an
adventure,
but
okay
for
those
of
you
that
are
local,
the
seniors.
Now
that
we
talked
about,
I
learned
more
about
what
happened
with
that.
Is
it
zed
or
exactly
the
president.
He
passed
away
just
a
couple
of
weeks
before
we
got
that
information,
he
had
a
massive
heart
attack
and
that
was
why
they
did
decide
to
dissolve
them.
A
A
A
C
That
that's
that's
combined
with
the
brookdale
linux
users,
okay,.
A
A
A
Okay,
I
think
that
if,
unless
anyone
else
has
some
other
announcements
and
we
will
have
to
decide
what
to
do
with
the
in-person
meetings,
because
this
was
disappointing-
I
think
we
got
on
the
phone
with
calls
from
people.
I'm
surprised
ken
larry
wasn't
here.
You'd
have
really
been
interested
in
this,
I'm
sure
he
would
have-
and
I
just
wanted
to
call
him
dan,
I'm
going
to
end
the
recording
and
then
I've
got
something.
I
want
to
say:
okay,
that
that's
fine,
let's,
let's
wrap
it
up
and.