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From YouTube: Building a More Resilient Pittsburgh 2014 - Kelly Klima
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A
So
thanks
everyone.
This
is
going
to
be
a
pretty
quick
data
dump
and
then
we're
going
to
get
on
into
the
fun
part
of
the
day
where
we
do
more
of
the
interaction
and
talking
and
figuring
out
what
our
next
step
should
be.
First,
with
climate
mitigation
adaptation
and
resilience,
I
find
that
when
I've
worked
with
DC,
when
I
worked
with
new
york
city,
I've
gone
in
new
jersey
helped
out
with
boulder.
Sometimes
these
are
words
get
a
little
bit
confusing,
so
just
wanted
to
throw
out
real
quick.
A
What
do
we
mean
by
mitigation,
adaptation
and
resilience
and
before
we
can
quite
get
to
what
do
they
mean?
First,
we
have
to
ask
ourselves:
what
is
what
is
risk
now?
Classically
risk
is
defined
as
this
equation
as
hazard
times
exposure
times,
vulnerability,
where
something
like
the
risk
is
a
danger
posed
by
a
variety
of
storms.
They
hit
us
a
lot
in
here
in
Pittsburgh.
The
hazard
would
be
the
storm
itself.
A
The
exposure
would
be
the
number
of
people
and
the
number
of
buildings
in
the
number
of
infrastructures
in
the
storms
way,
and
the
vulnerability
would
be
how
likely
those
buildings,
people,
infrastructure
and
whatnot
are
to
break
or
get
harmed
by
this
particular
hazard
and
in
a
lot
of
ways.
This
is
a
very
technical
definition,
but
one
way
you
can
think
about
risk
is
you
know
what
is
going
to
harm
me
in
the
future?
What
are
some
scenarios
of
possibilities
that
will
cause
me
to
be
in
trouble?
A
A
very
famous
floodplain
manager,
Gilbert
white,
used
to
say
that
floods
are
in
active
nature,
but
flood
losses
are
an
act
of
mankind.
That's
exactly
why
we
start
to
ask
what
our
mitigation
adaptation
techniques
that
we
can
take
as
people
to
prevent
the
flood
that,
in
the
absence
of
us,
would
not
have
caused
any
problem,
but
because
we
are
exposed
and
because
we
are
vulnerable,
will
now
cause
damages
to
people.
A
So,
given
that
risk
is
hazard
times
exposure
times,
vulnerability,
generally
speaking,
a
risk
prevention,
there's
a
lot
of
different
jargon
we
can
use
here
by
risk.
Prevention
is
something
on
the
order
of
reducing
the
hazard
and
way
shape
or
form
risk
preparedness
is
reducing
that
exposure
and
vulnerability.
Okay.
So
where
do
mitigation
and
adaptation
fit
in?
Well,
here's
one
of
the
points
with
his
kids
for
hilly,
tricky
already.
Climate
change
mitigation
means
reducing
greenhouse
gas
emissions.
A
Okay
and
it's
one
particular
type
of
mitigation
that
when
we
say
mitigation,
when
we've
looked
at
what
pittsburgh
has
done
with
the
climate
action
plan
and
others
what
other
cities
have
done
as
well?
Usually
they
mean
mitigation
in
the
sense
of
reducing
the
greenhouse
gas
emissions.
Well.
A
second
definition
of
mitigation
is
hazard
mitigation,
and
that
is
very,
very
similar
to
the
adaptation.
Both
of
these
things
tend
to
focus
more
on
the
exposure
and
the
vulnerability,
and
they
tend
to
you
know
they're,
basically
very
similar.
A
There
are
ways
to
reduce
the
exposure
and
the
vulnerability,
so
we
don't
have
that
risk
actually
occur,
and
typically
adaptation
tends
to
be
climate
change.
Adaptation
especially
tends
to
be
informed
by
what
we
think
might
happen
in
the
future,
with
climate
change
generally
speaking,
adaptation
communication
anything
so
it
doesn't
need
the
climate
change
perspective,
which
is
why
I
left
it
just
adaptation
here.
Hazard
mitigation
tends
to
be
informed
by
past
events,
but
you
guys
do
a
great
job,
also
thinking
about
the
future
and
what
can
go
on
so
in
a
lot
of
ways.
A
These
two
different
groups
of
professionals
are
basically
doing
exactly
the
same
thing,
and
so
finally,
what
is
resilience
where
we're
doing
this
Rockefeller
100
Brazilian
cities
or
whatever
the
name
of
it?
Is
it's
really
awesome?
It's
really
great
the
first
33
cities,
fantastic
examples
and
we're
going
to
be
one
of
the
next
33,
but
before
we
can
get
there,
we
need
to
know
what
what
it
means
to
be
resilient.
So
I
like
to
think
of
the
simple
definition
of
resilience
of
all
of
these
things:
it's
reducing
the
greenhouse
gas
emissions.
A
It's
making
sure
that
we're
reducing
our
exposure
and
vulnerability.
So
there's
not
a
problem.
The
National
Academy
of
Sciences-
and
we
have
our
friend
Sam
up
here
in
the
front
who
you
know,
works
with
some
of
those
folks.
They
define
it
as
the
ability
to
prepare
plan
for
absorb
recover
from
or
more
successfully
adapt
to
actual
or
potential
adverse
events.
A
So,
given
my
my
tendency
to
use
flow,
charts
and
stuff
an
event,
hits
a
system
and
there's
some
sort
of
resilience
path.
That's
a
function
of
time
and
the
change
in
the
system
that
hopefully
gets
you
back
to
the
way
things
were
prior
to
the
event
or
better
resilience.
Systems
includes
short
and
long
term.
They
can
run
anything
from
land
use,
planning,
coastal
stuff.
A
Clearly,
everybody
in
the
room
knows
that
combined
sewer
overflows,
flash
flooding
and
river
floods
hit
everywhere
in
Pittsburgh
and
are
quite
a
problem.
This
is
just
one
map
of
looking
at
one
of
the
watersheds.
The
map
on
the
left
is
the
altitude
or
the
elevation.
The
map
on
the
right
is
the
percent
of
impervious
surface
area,
and
so
we
see
that
and
the
orange
is
basically
or
red
is
more
than
twenty
percent
is
impervious.
So
these
two
things
combined
to
make
a
lot
of
areas
really
prone
to
a
lot
of
flooding.
A
We
also
did
a
lot
of
work
on
a
heat
vulnerability
index.
This
is
very
similar
to
a
social
vulnerability
index
which
can
help
guide
policy
in
some
ways
on
what
areas
are
most
vulnerable
to
hazards.
The
map
in
the
Middle.
The
red
areas
are
the
most
vulnerable.
The
map
up
on
the
top
right
is
normalized
by
area
on
the
bottom.
Right
is
normalized
by
population
depending
on
what
policy
you're
looking
at
and
there's
definitely
some
areas
that
pop
out
as
being
highly
vulnerable.
A
This
particular
one
was
actually
to
heat,
so
we
added
some
air
conditioning
and
other
data
based
on
peer
review.
Literature,
the
population,
the
infrastructure
and
climate
will
continue
to
change.
We
hope
in
Pittsburgh
it's
going
to
get
better
well,
not
hope.
We
know
it's
going
to
get.
You
know
growing,
thriving,
more
population,
more
infrastructure,
but
these
things
are
going
to
be
taxed
by
not
only
the
aging
infrastructure
we
already
have
put
under
stress,
but
also
future
climate
and
the
class
had
a
couple
different
policy
recommendations
based
on
this
and
just
to
throw
this
out.
A
This
is
an
undergraduate
class
and
we
are
continuing
some
of
the
work
throughout
the
summer
and
some
of
the
things
that
they
said
very
generally
consider
large-scale
permanent
changes,
there's
tons
of
different
things,
you
could
do
there,
possibly
identify
additional
cooling
centers
and
that
could
be
useful
or
not
depending
on
some
of
the
other
things
that
are
done,
promote
some
rain
barrels.
A
Perhaps
and
of
course,
these
have
to
be
used
intelligently
and
dumped
out
at
the
right
times
and
really
learn
from
other
cities
and
our
academic
capital,
and
all
you
great
folks
in
the
room,
we
have
so
much
that
we
can
share
there's
a
lot
of
existing
funding.
We
can
really
leverage
and
then
we
can
advertise
these
efforts
a
little
bit
better.
We
did
a
survey
finding
that
a
lot
of
the
Pittsburgh
residents
weren't
really
aware
that
Pittsburgh
was
truthfully
doing
anything
about
the
flooding
or
the
resilience
or
the
greenhouse
gas
mitigation.
A
They
were
like
when
you,
when
you
told
them
about
the
problem
they
were
like.
Yes,
this
is
a
really
bad
problem.
We
should
solve
it.
We
should
do
something,
but
the
city's
not
doing
anything
and
we're
like
we'll
wait,
wait.
The
city
is
doing
a
lot
of
great
work
and
here's
some
of
these
things
and
as
we
tended
to
introduce
these
to
the
folks,
we
interviewed
just
randomly
people
off
of
the
streets.
A
They
became
much
much
more
positive
about
the
city
and
what
was
going
on,
and
we
have
a
lot
more
information
about
any
of
these
and
also
very
specific
detailed
recommendations
and
basically
what
the
number
one
thing
that
we
think
is
most
important
is
this
good
risk
communication?
There
are
a
lot
of
different
things
that
are
important,
that
we
can
do
structurally.