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From YouTube: Moral Treatment and the Athens Asylum Presentation
Description
Athens Historical Society and Museum presentation of Moral Treatment and the Athens Asylum by Katherine Ziff.
A
B
C
A
To
see
the
beautiful
buildings
and
when
it
came
time
to
write
her
dissertation,
that
was
the
research
topic
that
she
chose:
the
history
of
the
buildings
and
the
treatment
that
the
patients
received
there
Katherine
has
a
master's
degree
in
public
policy
from
Virginia
Tech.
She
has
PhD
in
counseling
from
Ohio
University
and
she
spent
many
years
as
both
teacher
and
a
counselor
in
the
public
schools
all
across
the
country.
C
B
A
B
You
have
going
on
here
at
the
Historical
Society,
so
I
did
move
here
with
my
family
in
1998
and
we
stayed
at
the
Ohio
University
Inn
and
my
husband
was
out
interviewing
and
I
took
my
son
out
just
out
the
door
of
the
oun
first.
B
C
C
B
We
went
outside
for
a
walk
and
we
walked
up
through
the
trees
up
through
a
path
that
leads
up
to
the
asylum
and
there
was
a
bicycle
race
going
on
around
the
asylum
rattling
along
the
bricks.
Just
wondered
what
was
this
place,
this
enormous
old
brick
place,
and
two
years
later,
when
I
was
looking
for
a
dissertation
topic.
My
mother
suggested
to
me.
B
Why
did
she
study
the
history
of
that
old
Asylum
up
on
the
hill,
because
that
brought
together
my
interest
in
history
and
biography,
as
well
as
mental
health,
I've
been
a
school
counselor
actually
for
the
last
seven
years
left
before
leaving
for
Wake
Forest
Indian
city
schools
at
the
plains,
Elementary
Morrison
and
East?
So
it's
really
nice
to
be
back
so
right
now
we
have
homes
in
both
places,
Athens
and
down
in
winston-salem.
B
Just
I
want
to
say
a
word
about
archivists
and
the
Athens
County
Historical
Society,
the
Historical
Society
in
hyoe,
and
the
Alton
libraries
archives
on
what,
when
you're
doing
this
kind
of
archival
research
in
the
old
records
the
asylum
records
in
the
all
of
all
the
different
files?
You're,
the
archivists
are
your
your
partners
and
your
friends
in
kind
of
research
they're,
the
ones
who
will
help
you
find
things
they're.
The
ones
who'll
be
excited
when
you
find
something.
B
Solitary
work,
you
know
going
through
all
the
papers
and
so
archive
our
archivists
and
curators,
like
Jessica,
are
just
invaluable.
Wonderful
partners
in
research
and
I
think
it's
not
sometimes
sort
of
the
unsung
heroes
of
so
many
things
that
happen
so
morale
treatment,
so
I
have
some
photographs
throughout
in
here
ones
that
are
in
the
public
domain.
B
Some
of
them
are
from
the
Historical
Society's
collection,
also
from
the
öyou
library,
the
Mon
Center
for
archives
and
special
collections,
doug
mccabe
and
my
spouse
matthews,
if
pressed
into
service
at
the
last
minute,
to
take
some
up-to-date
pictures
that
we
that
we
needed
so
would
want
to
go
way
back.
You
know
five
thousand
seven
thousand
years
and
just
give
some
snapshots
of
a
context
for
mental
health
care
in
the
Western
world.
B
Moral
treatment,
which
is
the
system
under
which
the
Iris
Island
was
built,
talk
about
our
solemn
and
moral
treatment
and
then
a
little
bit
on
post
moral
treatment
years
in
Athens.
So
what
causes
mental
illness?
And
what
shall
we
do
about
it?
Those
that's
a
question
that
then
drives
or
creates
the
meaning
that
we
make
of
mental
illness
and
how
we
treated
it
and
the
answers
change
over
time
in
the
20th
century.
B
We
got
is
a
third
question
and
that
is:
is
there
such
a
thing
as
mental
illness,
or
is
it
socially
politically
or
financially
constructed?
So
that's
a
third
kind
of
question
that
that
comes
in.
We
started
getting
that
question
around
the
night,
60
early,
very,
very
early
beliefs
about
mental
illness.
B
Some
of
the
treatments
were
things
like
trepanning,
5000
BC.
When
holes
were
drilled
to
let
out
the
evil,
spirits
that
were
plaguing
plaguing
someone,
you
know
you
hear
a
voice
inside
your
head.
You
had
no
knowledge
of
a
diagnosis
like
schizophrenia,
let's
drill
a
hole
and
let
the
evil
spirits
out-
and
you
see
these
very
ancient
ancient
references
to
Middle
illness.
The
Lord
will
smite
me
with
madness.
They
Hindu
demon
cried
she
who
ceases
as
a
reference
to
seizure
disorders,
which
were
categorized
they're,
thought
of
for
a
long
time
as
as
a
mental
illness.
B
Before
we
sorted
that
out
in
Greece,
we
had
the
rise
of
asclepion
medicine,
the
asclepion
temples
that
were
based
on
a
consciousness
of
nature
and
community.
They
were
built,
the
asclepion
healing
temples
were
built
far
from
towns
at
freshwater
sources,
with
views
of
the
sea,
healthy
diet,
pure
water,
music.
Orpheus,
was
part
of
that
that
healing
movement,
sleep
and
dream
social
interactions,
prayer
and
body
work.
B
Some
of
these
things
are
elements
that
carried
through
2,000
years
ago,
2,000
years
forward
into
the
moral
treatment,
and
indeed
some
of
the
adjunctive
complimentary
kinds
of
healings
that
we
do
today.
It's
based
on
the
work
of
we
go
back
to
ask
lebbeus
as
loveliest
was
an
actual
his
shrouded
in
legend,
but
was
an
actual
living
human
being
and
was
said
to
be
the
son
of
Apollo
and
a.
B
C
B
Part
of
the
methods
in
the
is
Colombian
temples
after
Asclepius
died
was
actually
put
to
death.
It
was
it's
all
shrouded
in
legend,
but
when
he
was
said
to
the
put
to
death
for
raising
the
dead-
and
he
was
said
to
have
been
trained
by
Chiron,
the
the
Centaur
ancient
ancient
wisdom,
but
the
temples
feature,
one
of
the
features
was
sleep
and
dreams,
and
you
would
come
if
you
had
a
mental
illness
or
a
physical
illness.
B
You
would
sleep
in
the
asleep
chamber
and
the
priest
would
come
and
you
would
relay
the
dream
that
you
had
and
and
then
the
priest
would
interpret
that
dream
in
your
treatment.
Selecting
from
among
these
things
would
be
so
sometimes
it
was
just
the
grace
of
the
God
ask
Allah
pious
who
provided
healing
as
a
school
counselor
life
is
something
that
was
always
on
my
consciousness
and
life
thing.
B
Life-
and
there
was
an
example
there
at
the
Edelstein's
were
a
couple
who
have
studied:
ask
lobbyists
and
documented
in
a
couple
of
volumes
their
work,
but
there
was
an
account
of
a
man
who
was
afflicted
with
lice
and
he
had
a
dream
and
in
it
the
goddess
clippings
came
and
swept
him
off
with
a
special
broom
and
he
woke
up
the
next
day,
lice
free.
So
that
wasn't
one
of
them:
the
dream,
sort
of
divine
intervention
healings.
B
So
all
these
beautiful
interesting
kinds
of
things,
then
we
had
the
Hippocratic
tradition
of
medicine,
which
is
based
on
the
humors,
the
four
humors
that
flow
in
the
body,
and
so
they
were
body
bodily
fluids
that
needed
to
be
imbalance.
For
you
to
be
well
mentally
and
physically,
they
could
be
influenced
by
the
environment,
the
weather
or
the
food,
and
so
your
treatment
would
be
based
on
how
to
adjust
these
humors
that
float
in
the
body,
air
water,
earth
and
Fire.
B
So
too
much
or
too
little
might
result
in
either
mania
or
melancholia,
which
are
our
names
for
mental
illness,
that
persisted
and
through
the
the
19th
century.
And
then
there
were
medical
treatments
bloodletting.
A
special
diets
exercise
lie
style
change,
so
both
of
those
methods
of
healing
existed
for
some
time.
Then
we
came
to
medieval
Islamic
and
Christian
medicine.
In
the
West
there
was
herb,
Ulm
Edison
leaching
mixed
in
with
folk
beliefs,
magical
remedies,
and
then
we
had
the
the
coming
of
Christian
madness.
B
Mental
illness
is
defined
in
the
early
Christian
tradition
were
the
more
medieval
period.
Mental
illness
was
a
battle
for
the
soul
and
mental
illness.
With
the
the
result,
arrangement
was
believed
to
be
diabolical
scheme
by
Satan,
distributed
by
witches
and
heretics,
and
so
treatment
would
be
at
to
ask
for
masses
to
be
said
for
you
or
to
make
pilgrimages
to
holy
sites.
B
Care
was
provided
in
in
monasteries
or
at
home,
as
best
people
could
a
minute.
So
we
had
the
witch
burnings
which
were
connected
with
the
thought
that
witches
carried
infected
people
with
mental
illness
or
physical
illness.
It's
one
of
the
offshoots
of
what
we
believed
about
what
caused
mental
illness,
and
so
one
of
the
treatments
was,
let's
get
rid
of
the
witches,
and
then
we
had
these
islands.
These
are
the
monastic
asylums.
B
B
B
So
then
we
had
the
rise
of.
At
that
time.
We
had
the
rise
of
the
asylums
in
Europe,
the
big
in
Western,
Europe,
vast,
large
assignments,
poppers,
petty
criminals,
homeless
and
what
were
considered
the
insane
were
confined
there
and
custodial
care
was
provided
they
were
early
private
asylums
and
they
were
commercially
commercially
profitable,
and
if
you
were
affluent,
you
could
buy
some
pretty
good
service
and
caretaking.
B
That
was
once
provided
in
the
home
at
a
private
Asylum.
The
the
great
public
asylums,
not
such
good
good
conditions,
here's
etc
and
Paris
Bethlem
in
London
were
some
of
the
very
well-known
huge
asylums,
treatment
restraints
chemical
restraints,
physical
restraints,
straitjackets,
which
we'll
call
the
sleeves
were
quite
common
chains,
bloodletting,
purchase
punishment,
shocks.
There
was
a
treatment
called
the
bath,
a
surprise
in
which
someone
would
walk
along
the
hallway.
In
one
of
these
early
assignments,
the
trapdoor
would
have
been
boom,
you'd
fall
into
a
tub,
a
pool
of
cold
water.
B
The
idea
would
be
to
shock
you
into
no
sanity
and
public
spectacles.
People
were
put
on
display
in
cages,
people
with
mental
illness
and
the
public
could
come
and
pay,
and
you
could
you
could
be
a
spectator
and
watch
so
I'm
setting
you
up
for
moral
treatment,
which
was
a
real
contrast
which
to
to
this,
and-
and
this
is,
you
know
how
it
went
along.
C
B
Based
upon
some
of
the
Quaker
principles,
but
he
called
moral
treatment
but
watch
which
men
at
that
time,
not
so
much
rules
but
a
humane
treatment.
So
we
would
have
this
was
the
size
of
it.
It
would
be
small
and
it
would
be
based
on
humane
treatment.
This
is
mr2,
and
so,
at
the
same
time
he
was
doing
his
work.
The
same
kind
of
small
humanness
islands
were
rising
up
being
established
in
France
in
Italy
and
Germany
all
throughout
Western
Europe,
and
it
was
called
moral
treatment.
B
There
would
be
beautiful
views
of
nature,
there
would
be
light.
There
would
be
an
air,
fresh
air
and
sunlight
for
health,
and
there
would
be
beautiful
views
of
nature
for
your
aesthetic
treatment.
There
would
be
walks
in
the
gardens
and
on
the
grounds
that
would
be
regular
meals.
There
would
be
entertainments
that
would
be
elevating.
There
would
be
concerts
and
kindness
rather
than
restraint
and
punishment,
and
one
of
the
key
things
was
to
be
the
relationship
that
the
asylum
physicians
would
establish
with
individual
patients.
B
That's
a
precursor
of
Rogerian
client-centered
therapy
that
came
about
in
the
1950s
individual
rooms,
spacious
corridors,
high
ceilings
for
good
ventilation,
so
that
was
going
on
in
Western
Europe.
This
is
a
painting,
this
fabulous
archive,
that's
getting
ready
to
go
online
of
the
British
asylums.
They
don't
have
HIPAA
rules
that
we
have
here
so
they're,
going
to
be
I,
think
close
to
a
million
pieces
of
asylum
records
and
artifacts
that's
coming
online
very
soon
by
boggling,
and
so
this
is
a
painting
of
by
a
patient
George
Isaac
Sidebottom.
Mr.
B
Sidebottom
was
a
patient
in
in
at
the
York
retreat,
and
this
was
what
he
painted.
It
is
his
view,
so
we
could.
We
come
to
America
and
in
colonial
America
and
into
the
nineteenth
century
a
mental
health
care
was
was
provided
for
by
families
also
in
jails
and
what
we
call
poor
houses,
prisons
and
and
then
in
some
some
public
asylums
or
private
asylums.
B
Here
we
had
a
couple
others
in
Ohio
and
just
about
every
almost
every
state
in
the
Union,
some
of
which
are
not
even
states
at
the
time,
had
a
had
a
Kirkbride
model
Asylum
based
on
this
moral
treatment.
If
you
go
to
Kirkbride
buildings,
calm,
wonderful
website,
it
has
photographs
documentation
about
all
the
Kirkbride
buildings,
hospitals
in
America,
most
of
which
do
not
physically
exist
anymore,
but
it's
a
great
resource.
So
there
we
have
the
the
what
was
called
the
asylum
had
11
things,
and
this
was
its
first.
B
One
of
the
last
hospitals
to
be
built
under
this
under
this
model-
that's
a
page
number
from
the
book,
but
it
was
the
Kirkbride
plan,
which
is
the
step-back
building
feature
of
the
footprint
of
the
building
windows,
high
windows,
a
lot
of
ventilation,
and
if
you
notice,
when
you
go
up
there,
the
winter
grills
are
to
disguise
sort
of
the
prison
like
bars
they're
made
in
the
shape
of
mandalas
by
iron
worker
in
the
Cincinnati
area.
To
just
add
a
little
a
little
more,
perhaps
beauty
staff
lived
all
on
site.
B
The
physicians
are
up,
lived,
the
superintendent
on
the
second
floor,
which
are
occupied
now
by
the
Kennedy
art,
studios
and
galleries,
local
materials
and
craftsmen.
If
you
know
of
mechanicsburg,
if
you
lived
here,
you
would
know
of
mechanicsburg
was
said
to
be
settled
by
the
craftsmen,
the
stone
workers,
the
the
tenors,
the
woodworkers
who
came
hundreds
of
them
came
to
asylum
to
came
to
Athens
to
work
on
and
build
the
asylum.
It
featured
no
restraint
wards
at
that
time.
No
awards
for
restraint.
Fireproofing
was
a
big
consideration.
B
There
was
a
terrible
fire
in
the
Columbus
asylum.
Patients
died,
the
place
burned
to
the
ground,
and
so
the
the
fireproofing
was
very
much
part
of
them.
The
thought
the
landscape
was
a
big
part
of
moral
treatment.
There
should
be
a
landscape
that
started
at
300
acres
and
expanded
to
a
thousand
landscape
gardener,
Herman
Harlan
from
Cincinnati
brought
with
him
George
link.
Who
was
a
gardener
to
do
all
the
work
on
the
grading
and
building
and
planting
at
the
asylum
here,
patient
and
town
laborer
was
used.
B
You
can
read
the
accounts
of
how
many
townsman
from
Athens
came
with
their
carts
and
their
horses
and
and
patients
were
were
drafted
to
work
as
well
on
the
grounds.
So
there
were
Gardens
orchards
pleasure-grounds.
The
whole
area
that
was
that
is
now
the
Hocking
River
was
a
large
park
really,
and
the
farm
operations
to
the
back
of
the
asylum
by
the
1950s
were
one
of
their
featured
purposes,
and
you
can
read
just
a
phenomenal
stunning
amount
of
food
was
produced
there
for
the
use
of
the
patients.
B
So
this
is
the
Athens
the
plans
for
the
Athens
asylum,
the
footprint
and
building,
and
this
is
the
classic
Kirkbride
plan,
and
so
it
was
stepped
back
partly
for
ventilation
purposes,
but
also
the
more
well
behaved.
You
were
the
more
you
conform
to
the
expected
standards
of
behavior,
the
closer
you
could
live
to
the
central
part
of
the
building,
which
is
where
the
staff
lived
and
let's
see
women.
B
And
then,
on
the
other
side,
as
you
face
the
building,
that's
the
Kennedy
out
off
the
back
was
the
kitchen
setback.
I
said
in
case
there
was
a
kitchen
fire,
it
would
take
a
while
for
it
to
maybe
they
would
put
it
out
in
time
before
it.
You
know
moved
to
the
main
that
lasts
as
last
two
drawings
were
never
never
built.
B
So
that's
the
classic
Kirkbride
plan,
here's
a
lithograph,
I
think
of
the
elevation
as
it
was
to
look
and
you
can
see
if
you,
you
know,
you
know
our
topography
here
in
Athens
County,
it's
like
this
and
it's
a
and
you
can
see
how
smooth
and
how
much
work
it
took
to
smooth
that
out.
They
have
to
use
dynamite
and
horse-drawn
carts
to
create
that
landscape.
B
C
B
About
that
big,
so
the
legs
feature
the
lakes
and
we're
used
to
see
kind
of
breeze
to
see
the
lakes
now
I'm.
There
is
where
the
river
runs.
Now
all
that
landscape-
and
this
was
that
you
look
at
this
landscape-
that
was
the
era
of
frederick
law
olmsted
and
the
idea
of
bringing
sort
of
taming
the
wilderness
a
little
bit
but
bringing
the
wild
into
everyday
life
and
there's
a
painting
of
him
actually
on
the
Biltmore.
He
did
the
landscape,
the
Biltmore
states
in
the
mountains
in
North
Carolina.
So
this
is
some
people.
B
There
was
some
sort
of
thought
that
Frederick
Law
Olmsted
was
actually
part
of
the
creation
of
the
landscape
plan,
but
I
could
never
find
documentation
of
that,
although
he
was
very
involved
in
politics
and
was
often
in
Cincinnati,
where
herman
halen
lived
so
it's
likely,
but
they
could
have
known
each
other.
There's
another
photograph
before
the
portico
was
added
in
late,
1894,
very,
very
early
photograph
and
a
few
pictures
of
the
landscape
as
it
appeared
in
1894.
B
This
was
for
a
book
that
was
prepared
for
exhibition
of
photographs
for
at
the
World's
Columbian
Exposition
1893
in
Chicago
and
the
asylum,
the
other
the
Historical
Society
has
that
volume
and
the
library
does
not,
and
so
very
early
in
my
research
I.
We
wanted
to
scan
these
pictures
and
have
them
in
in
the
work
that
I
prepared
and
also
in
the
book,
so
the
Historical
Society.
Very
kindly.
Let
me
carry
the
book
carefully
up
to
Janet
Carlton
at
the
Alden
library
who
scanned
everything.
It
was
really
high
density
and
then
I
brought
it
back.
B
So
we
now
have
scanned
it's
quite
quite
a
collaboration.
I
think
at
that
time
the
Historical
Society
didn't
have
the
means
to
to
do
that
kind
of
scanning.
So
there
was
the
path
that
led
to
town
in
1890
when,
in
the
1890s
800
to
1000
patients
lived
on
site,
as
well
as
probably
about
a
hundred
staff,
and
so
there
was
a
tremendous
amount
of
coming
and
going
was
a
huge
economic
stimulus
for
the
town.
Here's
men
out
for
an
area
of
course
he's
opposed
measures
that
are
going
to
a
World's
Fair.
C
B
A
recreation
resource
green,
a
couple,
green
houses,
part
of
the
moral
treatment-
was
that
there
would
be
fresh
flowers,
yeah
balls
throughout
and
here's
a
of
you
early
view
of
one
of
the
cottages,
the
spring
more
Lakes.
This
is
the
ballroom
where
entertainments
would
be
held
on
Sunday
afternoon
concerts,
theatre
productions
and
the
town.
B
People
were
invited
as
well,
and
it
was
for
the
elevation
of
the
edification
of
elevation
of
the
patients,
some
of
the
murals
that
that
ballroom
burned
the
20th
century
and
it's
blocked
off
now,
but
dug
the
cave
somehow
got
up
in
there
with
this
camera
and
took
some
pictures
there
all
the
way.
If
you
go
up
to
the
Kennedy
just
notice,
all
the
woodwork
that's
all
throughout
and
also
the
tile
floors.
B
B
There's
a
is
the
hallways,
it's
kind
of
hard
to
get
access
there
now,
but
if
you
know
any
graduate
students
in
the
school
of
art,
they
have
studios
up
on
the
third
floor
of
the
men's
wing
and
you
can
go
up
there
and
see
they're
working
they're
using
the
patient
rooms
unrenovated
as
a
studio
space,
and
then
you
can
see
the
big
railroad,
hotel
style
hallways
then
another
view
of
the
landscape,
so
the
grounds
were
a
community
resource
and
then
going
back
to
its
origination.
Imagine
Athens.
Post-Civil
war
was
a
barter
economy.
B
Still
there
wasn't
a
whole
lot
of
cash
flowing.
The
university
was
shrinking
from
in
1872,
there
were
55
enrolled
and
seven
graduates,
and
so
the
town
was
kind
of
losing
its
not
much
economic
base.
There
was
a
an
attempt
to
to
have
Athens
Ohio
University
declare
at
the
land-grant
college
and
receive
all
that
funding
the
president
of
owe
you
was
on
that
committee
to
make
that
decision.
B
But
what
happened
is
Columbus
received
the
land-grant
college
and
the
president
of
Ohio
University
went
to
become
the
first
president
there
in
Columbus
and
said
we
did
not
get
that
and
the
streets
were
of
mud.
There
was
no
telephone
service,
and
so
then
the
coming
of
the
asylum
was
a
really
important
sort
of
psychologically,
but
it
was
an
important
economic
boost
to
the
town.
Dr.
Parker
Johnson
was
in
which
you
have
a
fabulous
archive
of
his
things.
Here
was
a
Civil
War
physician
from
Athens.
He
was
elected
to
the
legislature.
B
If
you
come
here,
we'll
give,
you
will
give
you
the
land
and
the
state
said
okay,
and
so
it
was
a
very
big
do
in
1867
when
the
cornerstone
was
laid
and
thousands
of
people
came,
the
masons
were
in
charge,
then,
at
that
time
four
cornerstone
laying
and
parades.
So
there
were
all
kind
of
their
bands
and
churches.
It's
a
very
big.
Do
a
lot
of
politics
involved.
B
History
of
market
gardening,
here
in
a
high
of
you,
know
in
Athens
Ohio,
which
began
with
providing
all
kinds
of
agriculture
products
to
to
the
Asylum
turkeys
in
the
Christmas
and
Thanksgiving
phenomenal
amounts
of
milk
and
eggs,
and
you
know
anything
you
would
want
to
eat.
Much
of
it
was
provided
right
here
in
the
there
was
a
process
called
political
reorganization
and
Ohio
institutions
and
said
whenever
the
parties
would
change
in
Columbus
have
a
Republican
government,
governor
and
and
a
superintendent
who
was
democratic
and
staff.
B
They
would
all
be
put
out
and
Republicans
put
in
their
place
and
vice
versa,
so
it
made
for
kind
of
a
lot
of
Diskin
good
discontinuity,
particularly
when
you're
in
reelecting
things
every
two
years
and
that
finally
ended
in
the
early
on
in
the
twentieth
century.
But
there
was
a
lot
of
coming
and
going
of
staff.
There
was
one
asylum
superintendent,
Amy
Richardson,
who
went
for
almost
ten
years
in
the
1980s
various
stood
because
he
went
Republicans
Democrats.
He
stayed.
He
was
very
well
respected.
B
So
when
you
think
of
what
the
put
the
asylum
in
the
context
of
sort
of
national
politics,
Rutherford
B
Hayes
was
governor
at
that
time
and
he
oversaw
the
construction
of
the
asylum.
He
made
several
visits
here
to
Athens
and
it
went
to
meetings
here,
political
meetings
and
then
at
the
end
of
the
moral
treatment
time,
William
McKinley
was
an
Ohio
Governor,
but
he
was
president
then,
and
he
brought
a
B
Richardson.
This
astute
Asylum
superintendents
astute
politically
to
Washington
to
be
the
superintendent
for
st.
B
Elizabeth's
and
he
astounded
the
political
establishment,
by
having
getting
the
Congress
to
allocate
unanimously
a
million
dollars
to
update
and
add
to
that
hospital.
St.
Elizabeth's
in
the
1890s
in
Washington,
so
st.
Elizabeth's
is
where
Walter
Freeman
the
lobotomist
worked
in
and
out
of
and
the
truth
serum
was
also
good
to
their
20th
century
things.
Psychology
that
brought
us
so
just
thinking
of
all
the
caregivers
that
were
required
to
take
care
and
look
after
patients.
B
Just
a
quick
segue
into
one
of
the
arguments
and
asylums
and
wydad
asylums
come
across
come
about
to
begin
with.
Was
it
for
humanitarian
reasons,
or
are
we
simply
trying
to
control
people
round
them
up?
Keep
the
peace?
Well,
the
answer
is
both
and
tremendous
amount
of
suffering
was
relieved.
B
From
all
kinds
of
things,
and
then
social,
it
so
much
treatment
and
much
help
for
people.
There
was
also
social
control.
Tramps
homeless
men
were
considered
a
great
threat
to
the
social
order.
They
were
hospitalized.
They
usually
find
a
way
to
leave
in
the
spring
when
the
weather
got
better,
but
there
was
an
example.
B
That
was
the
reason
it's
a
preoccupation
with
the
labor
question,
otherwise
healthy
and
mind
and
body,
but
he
was
hospitalized
because
there
we
just
had
the
strikes
here
in
the
Hocking
Valley
major
major,
then
the
fires
of
witcher's
are
still
burning
and
it
was
so
definitely
social
control,
no
patients
rights
in
the
nineteenth
century.
You
could
be
hospitalized
on.
B
This
is
a
document
that
from
be
identified
on
the
certificate
of
a
physician
and
on
the
witnessed
on
witnesses,
and
then
the
decision
of
a
probate
judge
boom
and
there
were
there
were
no
patients
rights
really
until
well
into
the
20th
century.
So
all
of
these
documents
are
housed
up.
There
is
a
photograph
of
patient
carvings
on
the
windowsills
up
there
in
the
the
limestone
of
the
Ohio
again.
C
B
B
Families
were
integral
integral
part
of
the
work
of
the
asylum
and
in
the
book,
I
found
examples
of
families
who
tried
many
many
measures
before
they
would
hospitalized
someone
all
kinds
of
heroic
kinds
of
things
and,
as
a
consequence,
sometimes
people
were
brought.
You
know
at
death's
door
became
a
place
for
the
elderly,
with
dementia.
Few
people
were
turned
away.
B
Up
until
then,
it
was
a
matter
of
trying
to
get
the
food
hot
to
the
wards,
but
they
built
dining
rooms
in
the
back,
which
you
can
still
see
today
and
you
could
go
there
for
your
meals.
Instead
of
that's
dr.
Agnes
Johnson,
she
was
from
Ohio
and
she
was
hired
by
superintendant.
Richardson
I've
read
her
her
admission
documents
before
she
became
an
asylum
physician
and
they
were
very,
very
well
written,
they're,
very
detailed,
very
thoughtful.
They
would
pass
muster
as
a
really
good
example
of
case
notes
today.
B
So
he
hears
that
one
of
the
it's
the
male
dining
room,
and
then
there
was
a
female
one
as
well.
So
one
of
the
things
I
sort
of
speculated
about
is
that
it
and
is
that
Athena
ins
learn
how
to
take
charge
of
things
and
shape
shape.
What
was
there
their
village
by
getting
the
asylum?
It
was
the
the
committee
and
the
people
of
Athens
who
banded
together
and
put
out
money
and
we're
led
by
some
local
business
groups
to
get
the
asylum
here
and
so
Athens
learned
how
to
band
together
and
do
this.
B
It
was
a
committee
of
Athens
citizens
who
got
the
state
tax
in
1896
to
establish
and
support
a
normal
school
here.
Mccracken
Hall,
the
College
of
Education,
would
be
supported
forever.
You
know
by
estate
tax
and
so
that
brought
more
students
and
more
prosperity
to
the
village
and
then
got
the
state-funded
Normal
School
later
as
McCracken,
and
we
also
had
one
time
a
state
institution,
the
children's
home,
which
is
where
the
childhood
Family
Services
is
now
because
it's
East
State
Street.
B
C
B
Agency
that
the
town
was
able
to
get
post
moral
treatment,
just
a
real,
quick,
zip
through
here
latter
part
of
the
19th
century.
Us
psychiatry
began
to
move
out
of
the
asylums.
The
Cylons
were
no
longer
the
headquarters,
the
place
where
the
cutting-edge
psychiatric
work
was
done.
It
began
to
be
neurologists
and
a
research
lab
based
medicine
for
for
psychiatry,
and
we
had
a
new
plan.
It
would
be
the
cottage
plan.
So
when
you
go
up
to
the
ridges
you'll
see
this
out
view.
This
would
look
like
the
outbuildings
that
was
very
specifically
made.
B
The
asylum
was
so
big.
They
said,
let's
make
individual
houses
and
it'll
be
more
of
a
home-like
atmosphere,
and
you
know
dining
and
so
forth,
right
there.
So
that
was
the
purpose.
Behind
that
cottage
plan
we
had
a
nursing
school
established
this
class
of
1912
there
for
a
number
of
years,
and
you
have
a
fabulous
archive
Jessica
from
that
nursing
school.
Someone
really
needs
to
get
in
there
and
study
that
it
would
people
already
have,
but
that's
fabulous.
B
Oh
this,
the
style
of
lots
and
lots
of
comings
and
goings
with
the
community
in
the
xylem.
The
4th
of
July
celebration
for
the
town
was
held
up
there
for
years,
and
this
is
a
spoon
race
or
something
that's
what
it
looks
like
a
spoon
race.
There
were
speakers
and
bands
for
everyone.
I
was
been
told
by
some
old-timers.
This
is
an
electric
light.
A
B
We
saw
a
whole
progression
of
things
in
the
20th
century,
though
the
water
treatments
which,
if
you
read
them,
they're
sort
of
like
sort
of
like
spa
treatments
that
wraps
needle
showers,
salt
salt,
wraps
electroconvulsive
shock
therapy
was
a
treatment
and
we
still
have
that
that
exists
today
and
they've
got
it.
The
dosages
may
be
a
little
bit
moderated
the
huge
agricultural
undertaking
at
the
asylum,
then
the
Walter
Freeman
years
of
the
lobotomy.
He
was
the
aside
of
the
physician
who
traveled
around
to
state
asylums,
giving
lobotomies
until
finally,
he
was
defrocked.
B
Thorazine
came
to
pass
so
some
of
the
symptoms
were
relieved
for
some
patients.
Then
we
have
what
we
call
milieu
therapy
treatment
which
is
sort
of
like
moral
treatment,
art
therapy
or
what
we
think
of
today
is
talk
therapy
and,
as
we
got
into
the
60s
and
70s
those
those
things
were
introduced
and
what
kept
I
think
the
asylum
treatment
at
that
time,
a
little
fresher
than
some
of
the
other
state
of
silence.
It
was
very
extensive
interaction
with
Ohio
University,
a
psychology
department.
There.
There
was
an
art
therapy
program
at
that
time.
A
B
B
The
closing
of
the
asylums
throughout
the
nation
started
in
the
60s
ran
through
the
80s,
and
so
same
thing
happened
here
and
the
asylum
our
Siloam
came
down
from
the
hill
is
what
they
call
it
in
1993
to
the
new
hospital
across
the
river,
which
I
think
I
think
they
may
have
been
created.
It
had
88
beds
with
built
I
think
it
has
a
few
more
now
at
that
hospital.
B
Some
of
the
legacy
in
our
town
because
of
our
mental
health
expertise
that
has
built
up
in
the
community
just
like
the
market
gardening,
we
have
our
crisis
intervention
training,
which
is
for
law
enforcement
on
how-to,
for
law
enforcement
to
be
able
to
how
to
work
with
someone
that
you're
called
to
a
scene
and
there's
someone
who's,
obviously
mentally
ill.
How
can
you
best
support
that
person?
You
know
instead
of
you
know
doing
something
that
would
simply
aggravate
so
that's
a
nationally
known
program.
B
We
also
have
a
really
well
thought
of
and
comprehensive
diversion
program
so
that
people
are
not
automatically
when
they're.
If
they
have
mental
illness
and
they
violated
the
law,
they
don't
automatically
go
to
jail.
They
are
given
to
a
diversion
program
given
access
to
that
for
treatment
to
try
to
be
more
curative
and
then
we
also
have
Appalachian
behavioral
health
care.
B
The
new
asylum,
which
serves
a
very
large
area
here
in
southeastern
Ohio
there
it
is,
looks
like
today,
and
if
you
could
go
inside
they
have
there
it
kind
of
evokes
some
of
the
moral
treatment,
Asylum
design,
there's
a
lot
of
light.
They're,
like
our
doors,
a
spacious.
There
is
some
very
beautiful
arts
and
crafts
on
the
wall,
so
it
has
them
actually
feels
it's
kind
of
reminiscent
a
lot
of
University
Asylum
partnerships
throughout
the
20th
century.
It
was
a
program.
B
Some
of
you
may
even
know
people
or
have
been
one
a
residential
program
for
students,
free
room
and
board.
If
you
would
spend
time
every
every
week,
talking
with
patients
being
a
companion,
Patti
Mitchell
passion
works
was
was
one
of
those
students
that
that
helped
spark
her
or
her
interest
in
working
with
marching
went
in
was
always
going
up
and
playing
your
marching
up
the
hill
playing
playing
for
a
patient's
coming
back
down,
and
so
now
it
has
been
repurposed.
B
B
This
is
hard
to
come
by
these
days.
That's
one
of
those
big
tree.
That's
over
200
years
old
in
one
of
the
forests.
That's
that
old,
beech
tree!
That's
a
cemetery
out
of
cemetery
number
three!
Just
above
the
dairy
barn,
you
can
access
it
by
steps
benches
nature
walks!
Oh,
how
good
of
a
place
is
it
to
walk
up
there?
If
you
go
to
the
old
cemetery,
there's
a
stand
there
with
maps
that
tell
you
where
the
walking
routes
are.
B
That's
one
of
the
old
cisterns
that
collected
water
for
the
gardening
operation,
that's
just
kind
of
what
some
of
the
grounds
it's
a
pop-up,
a
lot
of
paw
Paw's
up
there
if
you're,
a
Papa
fan
milkweed,
which
the
Elat
name
for
is
ask
lebbeus.
So
I
like
to
think
of
how,
when
ask
levius,
was
doing
his
work
in
Greece
2,000
years
ago.
Actually,
the
Edina
had
mounds
being
built
and
that
that
area
up
there
there
was
a
mound
actually
right
by
the
dairy
barn
and
it
was
sacred
ground.
B
B
And
that's
one
of
the
last
Apple
trees
up
there
I,
don't
think
it's
blooming
anymore,
but
I
got
that
photo
a
few
years
ago
so
or
Anderson
who
was
instrumental
in
his
spouse
and
saving
the
dairy
barn.
Had
this
to
say
about
the
healing
landscape:
up
there
old
woods,
open
fields,
pasture
lands,
some
of
the
most
beautiful
land
we've
got
left
in
the
atmos
area-
is
located
up
there.
B
So-
and
this
is
just
some
notes
about
how
many
elements
of
moral
treatment
today
we
implement
and
we
bring
in
as
complimentary
kinds
of
health,
of
healing
healthcare,
design,
restorative
landscapes,
huge
topic
in
medicine,
and
we
have
a
whole
slew
of
nature
based
counseling
and
therapy,
and
the
research
is
just
coming
out.
You
know
every
week
really
on
moral,
moral
treatment,
kinds
of
ideas
and
I
have
a
blog
in
which
I
try
to
keep
up
to
date
with
some
of
the
things
happening
up
there
so
and
post
pictures
so
consider.
B
A
B
B
B
B
B
All
these
things
converged
and
the
overcrowding
you
could
hear
you
can
write.
You
could
hear
in
the
letters
and
the
reports
that
the
superintendent's
are
right.
We
are
too
crowded
we're
too
crowded
too
many
people
are
bringing
us
their
their
elderly
family
members
who
really
have
no
cure
for
dementia
and
begin
they
can
begin
filling
up.