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From YouTube: New Opportunities for Cities to Win in the Game of Gigs -- Blair Levin, Exec Director, Gig.U
Description
Bloomington Indiana Next Generation High Speed Networks Symposium 03/02/2016 at Bloomington City Hall.
New Opportunities for Cities to Win in the Game of Gigs -- Blair Levin, Executive Director, Gig.U
For information contact Symposium organizer Rick Dietz at dietzr@bloomington.in.gov or 812-349-3485.
A
Mayor
Hamilton
Ricketts,
it's
a
great
pleasure
to
be
here.
I've
talked
with
both
these
individuals
before,
but
it's
a
real
honor
and
pleasure
to
be
here,
kicking
this
off
for
the
community.
My
role
is
something
of
providing
some
context
and
a
little
bit
of
doing
an
overture,
because
the
the
real
songs
will
be
sung
by
the
people
who
follow
me
and
I'm
delighted
for
you
that
you'll
have
some
of
the
nation's
leading
experts.
A
Erin
Dinkin
Deacon,
who
I've
known
since
kansas
city,
became
in
some
sense
the
kind
of
prototype
of
a
gigabit
community
and
as
I'll
talk
about
but
he'll
talk
about
more
the
network
is
the
beginning.
It
is
not
the
end,
and
so
it's
really
a
question.
What
is
a
community
to
do
with
that?
Aaron?
If
not
the
nation's
leading
expert
on
that?
That
issue
is
certainly
one
of
the
top
Joanna
Hovis,
who
runs
ctc
energy
and
is
probably
the
leading
consulting
firm
for
communities
like
yours.
A
She
has
done
more
deals
than
anyone
else
and
some
of
the
again
most
important
deals.
I'll
talk
about
a
few
of
them
later
on,
but
knows
this
stuff
better
than
anyone.
I
know
and
love
ganic
from
one
community
in
Cleveland,
I
got
to
know
love
when
I
was
doing
the
National
Broadband
Plan
and
he
became
a
co-conspirator
with
gig
got
you,
but
one
of
the
thing
he
was.
A
You'll
you'll
learn
a
lot
from
his
remarks,
but
I
want
to
start
by
providing
a
little
bit
of
content
next
and
start
by
asking
the
question:
why
are
we
here
and
I
want
to
make
the
point
that
we're
not
really
here
to
talk
about
technology?
We
will
talk
about
the
technology
and
all
the
devices
that
all
of
us
have
in
our
pockets
and
in
all
the
different
ways
we
connect
with
with
various
folks,
but
really
there's
an
underlying
idea.
A
Here,
that's
more
important
than
the
technology
and
in
some
sense
it's
what's
the
mission
of
public
policy
in
the
21st
century,
and
how
does
communications
policy
serve
that
purpose?
A
lot
of
people
think
communications
policy
is
largely
a
federal
issue.
It
actually
isn't
when
you
think
of
when
we
were
thinking
about
the
National,
Broadband,
Plan
really
came
down
to
four
fundamental
strategies:
drive
fiber
deeper,
get
you
Specter
more
effectively,
get
everybody
on
and
use
the
net
works
better
for
public
purposes
in
at
least
three
of
those
fiber
adoption
and
public
use.
A
Cities
actually
play
a
more
important
role.
The
federal
government
has
resources,
cities
don't
have,
but
when
we
think
about
driving
economic
growth
and
social
progress
through
those
four
strategies,
the
city's
really
do
it
more
and
at
the
heart
of
it
is
something
that
we
should
think
of
as
high
performance,
knowledge
exchange.
And
so
what
I'd
like
to
start
by
doing,
because
this
is
an
academic
community,
I
feel
a
certain
moral
obligation.
A
The
mayor
went
back
150
years,
I'm
going
to
go
back
about
5,000
years,
but
I'll
do
it
in
about
50
seconds,
but
so
that
you
can
all
get
course.
Credit.
Of
course,
the
will
we'll
talk
a
little
bit
about
the
importance
of
knowledge
exchange
in
today's
economy
by
looking
backwards,
a
little
bit
then
I'm
going
to
come
down
to.
A
Where
are
we
in
the
United
States
with
high-performance
knowledge
exchange,
but
particularly
how
the
networks
work
and
how
we've
moved
from
a
gigabit
desert
to
the
game
of
gigs
and
then
I'll
close
by
talking
about
Bloomington
and
some
of
the
issues
really
kind
of
setting
off
for
the
discussion?
That'll
be
done
in
better
detail
and
following
my
comments.
A
So,
let's
start
by
talking
about
the
role
of
high-performance
exchange
in
their
economy,
so
you
know
from
the
first
century
to
about
1500
what
was
referred
to
as
the
Malthusian
trap
meant
that
population,
an
economic
growth
couldn't
really
occur
because
everybody
was
fundamentally
in
the
business
of
producing
food
food
couldn't
outrun
population,
but
then
something
got
us
out
of
that
trap
and
massively
transformed
the
economy
was
referred
to
as
the
Industrial
Revolution.
And
what
there
are
many
many
things
one
can
say
about
the
Industrial
Revolution,
but
I.
A
Think
one
of
the
most
important
is
that
the
growth
that
occurred
then
really
was
a
function
of
combinatorial
innovation.
What
combinatorial
innovation
means
is
that
lots
of
different
people
were
contributing
lots
of
different
things.
Indeed,
if
you
look
at
the
the
steam
engine,
one
of
the
key
elements
of
that
time,
it
really
involved
hundreds
and
hundreds
and
hundreds
of
different
things.
There's
a
nestorian
Steven
Johnson,
who
basically
credits
the
Industrial
Revolution
to
the
coffee
shops
of
London,
in
which
I
believe
the
started
to
arise
in
the
1500
when
they
started
to
import
coffee.
A
A
But
the
other
thing
was
that
people
were
gathering
and
exchanging
ideas,
and
it
was
the
in
those
coffee
shops
that
a
lot
of
the
ideas
that
it
created,
the
Industrial
Revolution
came
forward,
but
that
keeps
growing
and
it
keeps
getting
even
faster
and
that's
because
we
start
to
exchange
information
and
we
have
new
inputs
that
drive
this.
So
in
the
1800's
we
had
access
to
new
forms
of
power
and
transportation
in
the
1900s
we
had
access
to
new
forms
of
power
and
transportation.
A
A
You
do
at
your
home,
you
do
it
at
work,
you
do
when
you're
on
the
road,
that's
the
fastest,
growing
part
of
the
economy,
so
that
is
the
fastest
growing
part
of
any
economy
is
that
which
uses
new
inputs
and
as
we'll
talk
about
later,
that
is
at
the
heart
of
what
Bloomington
is
at
the
heart
of
what
bloomington's
economy
both
is
and
will
be.
Is
this
exchange
of
information
from
the
professor's
to
the
students,
but
really
in
many
many
other
ways,
and
so
the
fundamental
task
of
knowledge
exchange
in
our
century?
A
Is
we
collect
data?
We
analyze
it?
We
were
revised
courses
of
action,
we
have
feedback,
we
keep
doing
this
and
this
is
made
possible
by
three
really
big
technology
trends.
One
is
big
data,
big
storage.
We
can
now
hold
massive
amounts
of
information
in
smaller
and
smaller
computing
centers,
the
computing
revolution.
We
can
take
that
data
and
actually
manipulate
it.
This
is
sometimes
called
big
data.
A
We
are
talking
about
that
today,
but
it's
really
linked
to
these
other
things
and
the
communications
revolution
is
the
ability
to
transition
trance
transition
that
information
from
one
place
to
another
at
very
high
speeds.
Massive
amounts
of
information
not
just
being
stored,
not
just
being
analyzed
but
being
transitioned
and
I
want
to
emphasize
that
this
is
not
a
Silicon
Valley
phenomena.
This
is
not
just
something
that
happens
in
the
11th
Congressional
District
of
California
I
apologize,
I'm
from
DC.
So
when
we
talk
about
a
city
we
actually
we
were
supposed
to
mention
the
congressional
district.
A
It's
in
but
I
know
that
fact,
mostly
because
the
11th
congressional
district,
which
is
Silicon
Valley,
is
the
happiest
congressional
district
in
the
country
and
the
reason
is
fundamentally
they're
very
optimistic.
They
think
they
can
solve
every
problem.
I
think
they're
wrong,
but
it's
really
great
and
if
any
of
you
travel
out
there,
it's
really
fun
to
be
out
there,
but
it's
not
just
about
them.
Its
manufacturing,
its
agriculture,
its
construction,
its
retail
as
every
business,
is
being
transformed,
and
you
see
this
in
your
daily
lives
whether
or
not
you
shop
at
amazon.
A
You
know
whether
or
not
whip
you
if
you
are
building
a
house
and
you
compared
to
how
you
built
a
house
20
years
ago
or
in
any
business
that
you're
in
it
is
transformed
by
that
high
performance,
knowledge
exchange
and
so
to
stay
ahead
in
the
economy.
You
have
to
have
access
to
those
kinds
of
things,
and
indeed
the
great
Peter
Drucker,
who
was
a
management
consultant
and
saw
more
of
the
trends
more
clearly
than
that.
A
A
Think
when
we
think
about
what
we
need
to
do,
it's
very
important
that
we
understand
the
logic
we
brought
to
these
problems
years
ago
and
while
that
may
be
useful,
we
have
to
have
a
somewhat
different
response,
and
so
the
way
we
built
the
telephone
network
or
the
way
we
built
the
cable
network
might
not
be
the
way
we
want
to
build
the
broadband
network.
That's
the
fundamental
question,
so
that
gets
us
to
the
question
of.
A
Are
we
going
to
have
what
we
need
to
take
advantage
of
this
information
revolution?
It
doesn't
take
a
genius
when
ELISA
and
I
were
working
together
on
the
National
Broadband
Plan.
It
did
not
take
a
genius
to
realize
that
the
networks
of
today
we're
not
going
to
be
sufficient
for
tomorrow,
and
indeed,
several
years
after
we
did.
A
They
were
not
designed
for
broadband,
they
were
Jer
purpose
and
indeed,
in
that
study,
eighty-six
percent
of
the
experts
said
there'll
be
new
and
compelling
technology
applications
to
take
advantage
of
significant
increases
in
bandwidth.
Well,
that's
nice
and
easy
for
them
to
say,
but
let's
take
a
look
at
a
map
of
how
many
gigabits
cities
there
were
in
2010.
I
might
be
wrong
by
one
or
two
but
I'm
pretty
sure.
That's
the
answer.
There
were
none.
It
was
a
gigabit
desert
that
that's
where
we
were
in
the
United
States,
so
in
the
National
Broadband
Plan.
A
A
We
actually
had
the
wrong
idea,
one
of
the
interesting
things
about
the
plan,
and
we
you
know
we
did
it
very
quickly,
but
we
thought
military
bases
would
be
a
great
place
to
do
it
for
a
lot
of
different
reasons
turns
out
the
security
issues
there
or
exactly
there.
It's
exactly
the
wrong
place,
even
though
you
had
density
in
big
uses
and
government
funders.
But
in
our
discussions
about
this
problem
we
talked
with
Google
who
came
to
me
and
said
we
have
a
great
idea
for
you.
This
was
in
December
of
2010
or
no
I'm.
A
A
Do
you
think
they're
going
to
give
me
250
million
dollars,
I,
don't
think
so,
and
if
I
got
it,
what
would
I
do
with
I
mean?
How
would
I
distribute
it?
Every
town,
wanna
I
mean
I
just
said
I.
I
I'd
like
to
do
that.
I,
just
don't
see
how
we
do
that
and
they
came
back
and
to
their
credit
they
said
you're
right,
that's
great!
A
We'll
do
one
I
said
now:
that's
a
really
good
idea
and
that
Aaron
is
in
fact
the
great
beneficiary
of
the
wonderful
wisdom
of
Google
to
both
do
it
and
to
pick
Kansas
City.
But
something
really
interesting
happened
that
a
lot
of
people
aren't
aware
of
Google
thought
when
they
came
out-
and
this
was
about
March
of
2010
now
they
thought
they'd
get
somewhere
between
10
and
50
cities
to
apply.
Instead,
1100
cities
applied,
it
was
fantastic
now.
What
does
that
mean?
A
What
is
the
meaning
of
1100
communities
applying
for
something
where
nobody
can
actually
tell
you?
Here's
why
you
need
it?
Well,
there
are
some
people
who
just
said:
well,
you
know
it's
just
a
it's
a
lark
but
and
I.
Think
mayor
Hamilton
would
agree
with
this.
City's
do
not
have
time
to
do
a
lark
if
a
city
were
to
actually
fill
with
that
application.
A
You
know
we're
the
country
that
people
all
around
the
world
use
phones
with
our
operating
system,
because
we
do
great
technology
and
they
use
our
applications
because
we
do
great
technology,
so
they
don't
want
to
have
second-class
networks
in
their
cities
and
that's
what
I
think
was
the
meaning
of
that.
And
then
there
were
a
group
of
us
kind
of
veterans
at
the
plan
who
were
really
interested
in
this
problem.
A
We
said
it's
great
to
what
Google
is
doing,
but
we
should
not
rely
on
one
company
to
do
this
and
besides
at
that
point
in
time,
as
far
as
we
knew,
they
were
only
going
to
do
one
city,
so
we
thought
we'd
accelerate
it
by
getting
together
those
communities
that
really
had
the
best
economics,
the
best
demographics,
the
best
pre
existing
networks,
a
place
where
innovation
happens.
That,
of
course,
is
University
towns.
We
were
really
delighted.
Bloomington
joined
us.
We
had
a
bunch
of
other
from
the
Big
Ten.
A
I
won't
talk
that
much
about
kid
got
you
except
to
say
that
about
25
of
the
36
original
communities
are
now
well
on
their
way
to
having
accelerated
next
generation
networks,
and
so
this
led
to
google
actually
wonderfully
is
not
just
doing
one
they're
doing
a
number.
Eighteen
t
is
responding
with
a
number
there's,
also
a
number
of
communities,
whether
you
have
one
offs
talk
about
a
few
those
later
and
now
the
cable
industry
is
responding
as
well,
and
this
leads
us
to
what
I
think
of
as
the
game
of
gigs.
A
You
can't
really
read
it
well,
because
I
don't
know
how
to
do
good
graphics,
but
you
first
of
all,
you'll
notice
that
those
are
fiber.
That's
not
those
are
not
swords.
Those
are
actually
fiber
links
up
at
the
top.
It's
subtle,
but
but
the
the
more
subtle
thing
is.
It
says
you
upgrade
or
you
die
and
I
as
we
actually
put
out
a
report
in
the
summer
of
2014,
where
this
was
the
cover
page
and
as
we
noted
it's
not
actually
true,
but
we
want
it
to
be
true.
A
We
want
the
phone
companies
and
the
cable
companies
and
others
to
think
if
they
don't
exist,
their
existing
networks,
they
will
die.
But
the
other
thing
that
is
true
are
will
be
true
is
just
like.
The
mayor
was
talking
about
with
the
railroad.
If
you
didn't
have
a
railroad,
there's
a
wonderful
little
thing
in
you
got
to
Colorado
and
you
go
to
Aspen
and
it's
a
thriving,
great
fantastic.
Nobody
can
afford
a
home
there
unless
they
live
in
the
11th
district
of
california,
but
there's
also
a
town
called
Ashcroft.
It's
only
about
10
miles
away.
A
It's
in
the
valley.
It's
a
ghost
town
and
the
roots
of
that
similar
to
what
the
Mayor
was
talking
about
was
in
the
1860s
I.
Think
the
railroad
decided
to
go
to
Aspen
didn't
go
to
Ashcroft
Ashcroft
was
actually
more
prosperous,
but
I
didn't
get
the
railroad,
it
died.
I'm
not
saying
cities
have
to
have
a
gigabit
tomorrow,
but
it
will
be
eventually
true.
You
will
need
better
networks
to
survive,
and
this
is
really
a
great
game.
It's
just
really
kind
of
started.
What
one
of
the
things
that's
interesting
about!
A
It
is
every
city
where
google
has
announced
that
they're
going
or
gig
got.
New
community
is
managed
to
get
someone
to
offer
service
in
one
hundred
percent
of
those
cities.
The
telephone
company
announced
that
they're
doing
it
too,
and
now
in
one
hundred
percent
of
those
communities,
the
cable
company
is
announcer,
doing
it
too,
and
what's
interesting
is
three
years
ago
those
companies
were
saying,
nobody
wants
a
gig,
we're
never
going
to
do
it
and
it's
way
too
expensive.
A
The
now
I'll
saying
they're
going
to
do
it,
and
so
in
a
couple
of
years
you
go
to
Atlanta
you
go
to
Nashville
you
go
to
raleigh-durham
or
Chapel
Hill
you
go
to
Charlotte.
You
go
to
some
of
these
cities,
you're
going
to
have
three
choices
for
a
gigabit
at
about
70
bucks
a
month,
but
if
you're,
not
in
one
of
those
cities,
you'll
probably
be
paying
order
of
magnitude.
80
90
100
bucks
for
50
MX
more
expensive
for
less
about
for
a
lesser
product.
A
Why
is
that
it's
just
competition
and
the
game
of
gigs
is
very
much
about.
How
do
you?
How
do
you
cause
that
competition
to
happen
in
your
community
and
speaking
of
your
community?
Now
we
get
to
the
third
part,
which
is
how
does
the
city
of
Bloomington
obtain
affordable,
abundant
bandwidth,
which
ought
to
be
the
goal
of
every
community?
In
my
opinion,
that
wants
to
thrive
in
the
21st
century
information
economy,
and
we
start
with
a
question
that
the
mayor
actually
asked.
A
We
did
not
compare
notes
before
we
did
this,
but
we
did
have
a
wonderful
conversation
a
while
ago,
in
which
this
question
come
up,
and
the
question
is
fundamentally
does
the
network
you
have
now
is
a
good
enough
for
10
years
from
now?
If
it
is,
let's
just
start
getting
ready
for
march
madness,
you
know,
I
mean
there's
no
reason
to
do
anything
but,
of
course,
the
answer
which
he's
already
given
and
I
think
I've
actually
never
been
to
a
city
that
answered
the
question.
A
Yes,
but
the
answer
is
no
and
it's
snow
and
pretty
much
every
community.
The
thing
is,
you
have
to
start
now,
so
let's
keep
going
with
how
we
do
this
well,
the
good
news
for
you
all
is-
and
I
already
mentioned
this
in
talking
about
cake-
got
you.
You
have
very
favorable
economics.
You
have
a
demand
for
bandwidth,
which
is
probably
greater
than
the
average
community.
A
You
have
a
costed
point,
which
is
probably
less
beacon
opposite
because
of
the
way
the
community
is
laid
out,
but
because
of
pre-existing
fiber,
that's
serving
certain
big
users
in
the
community,
and
you
also
have
the
most
clear
case
and
there'll
be
several
discussions
of
this
later
for
the
uses,
whether
it
be
the
hospital
or
it
be,
research
facilities
or
cultural
institutions.
Those
are
often
the
big
users,
but
it's
not
easy,
and
it's
not
easy
because
of
some
basic
formulas
and
thinking
about
the
benefits
of
the
networks
and
it's
just
a
classic
economic
problem.
A
There
are
benefits
of
a
network
upgrade
that
go
to
the
investor
in
the
network,
also
go
to
the
content
and
applications
providers.
When
we
use
my
google
is
doing
what
they're
doing
is
because
they
make
they
make
money,
not
just
on
offering
a
network
service,
they
make
money
on
better
search
and
better
YouTube,
etc.
Also
equipment
and
devices
people
will
sell
more
devices,
the
local
community,
the
region,
the
country
they
all
benefit.
A
This
is
as
much
math
as
I
know
how
to
do
so,
for
so
forgive
me,
but
fundamentally,
capex
and
opex
plus
risk
are
greater
than
the
increased
revenues
system,
benefits
and
the
threat
of
competitive
losses,
and
so
that's
the
reason
we
don't
have
an
upgraded
network
today,
because
either
your
income
and
phone
company
or
cable
company,
the
benefits
are
not
weigh
the
cost.
It's
just
that
simple.
A
If
you
want
to
change
the
equation
in
which
the
direction
of
that
arrow
first
few
factors
have
to
go
down
blast,
we
have
to
go
up,
but
how
we
do
that
well,
I'm,
going
to
step
aside
and
say
that
one
of
the
things
in
thinking
about
it
again
not
going
to
get
much
into
politics,
but
I've
noticed
in
a
lot
of
different
places.
I've
gone.
A
There
are
always
a
couple
of
objections,
one
that
comes
from
the
left,
which
is
why
don't
we
just
you
know,
demand
that
this
happened,
because
the
world
doesn't
work
like
that
and
what
my
friends
on
the
Left
forget
is
it
if
they
want
better
competition
or
better
adoption,
or
these
other
things.
Someone
has
to
allocate
capital
to
a
new
to
that
purpose,
and
you
know
if
the
city
chooses
to
do
it.
That's
fine.
I
have
no
philosophical
objection,
but
generally
there's
a
very
significant
role
of
a
private
investor.
A
So
you
have
to
make
the
that
capital
decision
attractive.
You
cannot
fight
that
math
any
more
than
you
can
fight
gravity.
Well,
my
friends
and
the
right
always
say
is
well
market
forces
will
do
this,
the
simple
truth
and
I've
studied
a
lot
of
public
policy
and
communications
network.
There
has
never
been
a
communications
network
built
in
this
country
or
even
upgraded
that
was
really
done
by
virtue
of
just
market
forces.
A
Every
single
build,
every
single
upgrade
came
as
a
result
of
the
government
doing
something
that
changed
that
the
18
t
network
was
really
only
built
out
once
the
government
gave
them
a
monopoly
universal
service
in
exchange
for
allowing
a
monopoly,
the
cable
systems
were
built
again
universal
service
for
a
monopoly.
The
satellite
television
stations
were
built
when
you
know
really
got
built
out
when
they
had
access
to
programming.
Pursuant
to
something
called
the
program
access
rules
of
the
92
cable
act.
A
I
was
an
essential
input
that
increased
the
revenues
lower
their
operating
expenses,
same
thing
with
the
cellular
networks.
The
government
always
plays
a
role
in
rights-of-way
in
spectrum
and
other
kinds
of
things,
and
the
two
keys
for
the
city
to
take
advantage
of
the
opportunity
are
really
understanding
how
the
city's
practices
effect
of
those
economics
and
then
organizing
the
city's
act,
act,
assets,
practices
and
people
to
improve
its
ability
to
negotiate
with
their
party
providers
or
most
efficiently
deploy
their
own
network.
No
talk
about
understanding.
A
First,
you
know
there
are
certain
kinds
of
strategies
using
existing
assets
more
effectively.
Regulatory
flexibility
and
efficiency.
Aggregating
demand,
Joanna
lease
and
others
will
talk
much
more
about
them.
We
in
the
course
of
doing
kid,
got
you.
There
are
a
number
of
different
tactics
that
we
use,
that
other
people
have
used
that
have
the
effect
of
changing
the
direction
of
five
of
those
six
arrows.
And
again,
though,
we
talking
about
that
more
later,
second
thing
is
organizing
the
city
essentially
to
this
mission,
and
one
of
the
curiosities
and
I
think
a
challenge
for
you,
mr.
A
mayor,
is
that
nobody,
nobody
owns
this
in
a
city
government,
there
are
people
in
cities
that
may
own
traffic.
There
are
people
in
cities
that
may
own
the
water
and
sewer,
but
there's
no
one
who
goes
to
bed
at
night.
Thinking
about
how
do
I
get
the
city
a
better
network?
That's
my
primary
job
and
they
wake
up
in
the
morning.
A
It's
a
very
interesting
challenge
for
the
city,
so
I'm
not
going
to
read
this,
I'm
just
going
to
say
that
you
know
there's
an
information
rule
for
the
city,
there's
an
engineering
role,
there's
a
legal
role,
there's
a
community
role.
There
are
a
lot
of
questions
that
have
to
be
addressed
in
the
process
of
organizing
this
event.
Today,
as
part
of
that
process
and
I
congratulate
you,
Rick
for
pulling
it
all
together
and
you,
mr.
A
mayor
for
making
sure
it
happened,
but
this
is
all
part
of
a
process
that
will
make
this
come
to
pass
and
again
others
will
be
exploring
that
more
detail
on
the
panels.
There
are
key
users
key
elements
to
organize
their
key
users:
the
university,
obviously
one
medical
centers,
obviously
one
their
key
interests
real
estate.
A
Obviously
commercial,
real
estate
benefits
tremendously
when
there's
greater
networks,
I
think
would
understand
that.
But
interestingly,
it's
also
true
for
housing.
In
fact,
the
University
of
Colorado
there
was
a
study
done
that
showed
those
houses
that
have
access
to
fiber
are
worth
five
thousand
dollars
more
than
those
that
aren't
just
by
virtue
of
that
and,
interestingly,
the
cost
of
getting
fiber
to
these
homes.
Order
of
magnitude-
that's
Joanne
nose-
is
better
than
me.
Well
is
this
called
between
1200
and
1500?
That's
what
that's!
What
a
cost?
A
Verizon
fios
and
you
would
say,
wow
that
value
the
house
goes
up.
Why
doesn't
everyone
putting
fiber
and
the
answer
is
pretty
simple?
The
cost
is
to
the
phone
company,
the
benefit
is
to
the
homeowner,
and
so
part
of
the
challenge
is
in.
This
is
not
an
unusual
challenge.
Is
it
making
sure
that
we
get
the
economics
and
incentive
right
to
do
that?
A
B
A
Question
is
what
model
should
the
Bloomington
use
there'll
be
a
lot
more
discussion
about
this,
but
let
me
just
say
that
from
our
experience
we've
got
you.
There
were
three
different
models:
one
is
a
facilitator,
a
lease
on
behalf
of
Raleigh
Durham
and
Chapel
Hill,
as
well
as
a
few
other
North
Carolina
communities
did
something
called
in
North,
Carolina
next
generation
network
and
they
basically
went
out
and
asked
a
number
of
different
providers.
A
You
know
what
do
we
need
to
do
to
get
you
to
upgrade
or
build
new
networks?
Google
and
AT&T
are
now
in
there,
as
are
some
others
actually,
but
it's
fundamentally
about
facilitating
private
capital
to
come
in
through
various
different
ways
of
thinking
about
regulation
and
flexibility
and
stuff,
like
that,
a
second
version
kind
of
on
the
other
end
of
the
scale
is
primary.
Where
the
city
says,
this
is
an
essential
government
service
we
need
for
our
community.
A
A
You
know,
but
and
then
kind
of
in
the
middle,
and
this
can
go
in
a
lot
of
different
directions
and
joanna
is
actually
the
leading
expert
in
and
all
the
different
permutations
is
partial,
where
the
city
plays
certain
roles,
more
significant,
the
facilitator,
but
is
not
the
primary
provider.
I
want
to
focus
on
a
couple
things.
One
is
what
are
the
trade-offs
of
these?
Fundamentally,
it's
about
risk
versus
control,
the
more
control
you
want
to
have,
and
you
laid
out
three
principles.
A
You
know,
but
the
more
risk
you
might
have
to
undertake
and
there's
a
tension
and
trade
off
between
those.
So
I
think
the
three
you
had
was
you
want
everyone
covered.
You
want
the
city
to
control
and
you
want
it
to
be
sustainable
to
I
get
that
right.
Well,
you
know
those
are
absolutely
the
right
places
to
start
but
understand
that
when
you
actually
study
it
at
some
point,
they'll
be
a
trade-off
between
those
two
be
sustainable,
may
mean
you
can't
quite
build
everywhere
or
to
build
everywhere.
A
You
know
might
mean
you
have
to
give
up
some
of
the
controls.
So
you,
you
know,
you
want
to
start
with
the
right
vision
and
I
think
you
have
the
right
vision,
but
then
you
want
to
see
how
the
market
response,
how
do
you
get
capital
to
be
allocated
and
that
risk
versus
control
is
the
most
important
in
this
regard?
I
want
to
talk
for
a
minute
about
something
that
you
might
have
read
about.
Last
week,
the
city
of
huntsville
has
an
electric
mute
ility,
that's
a
utility
was
going
out
to
build
a
fiber
network.
A
They
decided
T
while
we're
building
it.
We
mazel
put
in
some
extra
strands
and
allow
somebody
to
offer
a
broadband
service
and
to
cut
that
the
chase
Google
came
in
and
said,
we'll
use
your
network,
and
this
is
very
significant
for
a
number
of
reasons.
It's
the
most
one,
the
biggest
one
being
it's
the
first
time
that
a
major
player,
including
Google,
has
come
in
and
said
we're
willing
to
offer
the
service
without
owning
the
network,
and
so
there's
a
decoupling
of
network
ownership
from
the
service
has
lots
of
different
implications.
A
But
what's
really
great
about
this
model,
which
was
actually
developed
by
Joanne
in
the
city
of
westminster,
maryland
in
a
few
other
places,
huntsville's
will
be,
but
this
is
the
first
time
Google's
doing
it
is
it?
Has
the
city
fundamentally
doing
what
it's
very
good
at
doing,
which
is
civil
engineering?
Laying
a
fiber
line
is
not
that
different
than
a
sewer
line.
A
water
line.
Cities
know
how
to
do
that
and
interestingly,
google
has
discovered,
despite
their
brilliance,
they
don't
really
have
much
of
a
competitive
advantage
in
doing
that
kind
of
thing.
A
So
they're
essentially
saying
City,
you
do
what
you're
really
good
at
we'll
do
it
we're
good
at
we'll
put
in
the
electronics
will
buy
the
TV
programming
will
mark
it
will
do
the
customer
service
will
do
the
product
development.
Well,
it's
be
very
interesting
to
see
how
that
plays
out,
but
I
think
that
that
creates
an
opportunity.
It's
not
an
accident
that
huntsville's
a
college
town
too,
and
indeed,
actually,
if
you
look
at
most
the
towns
where
Google
is
now
going,
there's
a
lot
of
college
towns
in
them.
A
But
it's
a
really
interesting
model
that
I'm
quite
certain,
will
be
that
you
that
you'll
look
at
it
may
not
work,
because
you
have
that
situation
of
the
electric
utility
there,
but
I
think
it's
an
important
breakthrough,
far
more
significant
than
I.
Think
most
people
realize.
But
again
it's
not
just
about
the
networks.
What
we
really
want
is
a
ubiquitous
diverse,
constantly
improving
ecosystem
between
networks
and
devices
and
applications
and
users
were
improvements
in
each
one.
Drive
improvements
and
the
other
government
policy
doesn't
really
focus
that
much
on
devices,
though.
A
Interestingly,
if
you
follow
the
FCC
they're,
now
talking
about
set-top
boxes
and
television,
but
fundamentally
again
it
goes
to
the
questions
we
were
asking
with
the
plan.
How
do
we
get
networks
that
to
be
better
and
to
be
everywhere?
How
do
we
get
everybody
on?
How
do
we
get
applications
to
improve
assert
kind
of
public
uses
like
education,
in
health
care
and
on
the
adoption
issue
which
we'll
talk
about
an
error
knows
no
an
enormous
amount
about
I
would
just
note,
there's
a
significant
amount
of
private
efforts
underway.
A
There
will
be
a
FCC
decision
at
the
end
of
this
month,
which
will
improve
this
called
life
prime
program,
which
funds
low
income
people
to
get
on
and
we'll
deal
with
that
there'll
be
a
letter
filed.
I
believe
at
the
FCC
later
today
on
that
proceeding
by
a
bunch
of
the
providers
and
the
community
groups.
This
is
an
issue
in
which
I
think,
there's
actually
a
great
political
consensus
about
what
needs
to
be
done,
certainly
at
the
national
level,
but
at
the
local
level.
A
Equity
is
a
big
issue
in
the
campaign
and
I'm
not
again
going
to
talk
about
the
politics
of
it.
But
I
would
just
note
the
following:
Larry
Ellison
bought
an
island.
Larry
Ellison
is
the
former
CEO
the
founder
of
Oracle,
he's
very,
very
wealthy,
so
he
bought
a
Hawaiian
island
I'm,
just
guessing
looking
around
the
room.
If
all
of
us
were
to
put
all
of
our
bank
accounts
together,
we
probably
couldn't
buy
Hawaiian
island
I'm,
not
sure
we
could
buy
an
island
up,
sue,
st.
Marie
Michigan
or
something
like
that.
A
They'll
use
the
same
Khan,
Academy
refresher
course
that
my
kids
use
our
kids
in
Zimbabwe
use
long
as
I
have
access
to
a
network.
So
we
take
advantage.
We
haven't
done
this
well
as
a
society
yet,
but
the
opportunity
exists
to
make
sure
that
that
which
is
the
best
is
actually
available
to
all.
That's
the
nature
of
this
platform,
and
it
changes.
A
And
so
when
you
have
complaints
or
concerns
you
go
online.
You
fill
out
a
little
form
about.
Sixty-Five
percent
of
the
complaints
which
used
to
all
be
handled
by
people
are
handled
much
faster
and
are
handled
without
a
federal
government
bureaucrat
actually
doing
anything.
They
bundle
certain
things
together.
The
bank
sees
it.
The
bank
knows
that
it
has
to
deal
with
the
problem.
Maybe
the
problem
was
innocent.
Maybe
the
problem
is
worse,
but
these
things
get
handled.
A
Its
government
is
a
platform
of
high
performance
knowledge
exchange
as
opposed
to
kind
of
government
as
a
very
heavy
bureaucracy.
So
let
me
just
close
with
a
couple
of
thoughts
and
then
I'm
happy
for
questions
or
we
can
move
to
whatever
you
guys
want
to
move
to.
The
first
is
three
insights.
I
got
from
my
experience
with
kid
got
you
everything
that
happened
to
his
City
10
years
from
now
will
be
enhanced
or
degraded,
depending
on
the
quality
of
your
networks.
Simple
point:
you
all
understand
that
same
was
true
of
roads.
A
A
Those
were
obvious
things,
then
the
obvious
thing
for
us
now
is
need
networks.
Here's
the
thing,
that's
more
subtle!
Many
things
you
are
doing
today
or
will
do
in
the
next
few
years
will
affect
the
quality
of
the
network's.
You
have
10
years
from
now.
One
of
my
biggest
regrets
about
my
first
time
at
the
FCC
was
we
didn't
put
into
the
96
telecom
act.
I
dig
once
provision.
Okay,
dig
one
says
this
idea.
We
mentioned
in
the
broadband
plan
I
think
Obama's
had
like
six
executive
orders
on
it.
A
There
have
been
20
different
pieces
of
legislation
introduced
to
dig
ones,
I
think
if
it
as
dig
once
but
announced
9,000
times,
but
it's
a
very
simple
concept
and
if
we
had
done
that
and
we
had
all
the
cities
put
in
fiber,
of
course,
we
weren't
that
smart
to
know
that
we
we
should
have
done
that
the
problem
that
would
be
solved-
and
my
point
is
what
you
do
today-
actually
matters.
These
networks
take
a
long
time
to
build.
A
As
Aaron
knows,
google
announced
a
Kansas
City
in
the
summer
of
two
thousand
eleven,
and
are
they
done
yet
with
their
network,
not
quite
but
again
there,
but
it's
five
years
later
and
that's
the
fastest
moving
company
on
the
planet?
Okay.
So
these
things
take
a
long
time
and
the
third
point,
which
is
also
one
that
I
think
most
people
understand-
broadband-
is
bought
as
a
community
individuals
think
they
make
a
choice,
but
those
choices
are
heavily
circumsized
circumstance
circumspect.
Sir
I
need
an
English
major
here,
circumscribed
by
all
right,
a
circumscribed
I.
A
Thank
you
for
my
Jewish
friend
who
I'm
obviously
thinking
about
something
else
circumscribed
by
the
choices
at
the
community
mix,
and
that's
a
really
important
point.
You
cannot
you
even
Larry.
Ellison
cannot
buy
a
gigabit
unless
that's
available
in
the
community.
I
will
actually
I
wonder
whether
it's
available
in
his
Island.
But
my
point
is
the
choices
that
you,
with
the
help
of
Rick
and
with
with
the
leadership
of
the
mayor,
are
going
to
make.
A
That's
that's
how
you
actually
buy
a
second
thought
in
the
short
term,
it's
pretty
obvious
cities
that
have
cable
versus
fiber
are
going
to
go
up
in
cities
without
Kaiba
vs,
copper
are
going
to
go
down,
and
so
the
challenge
is
to
make
sure
the
blooming
can
has
abundant
bandwidth
has
got
to
be
a
fiber.
You
need,
you
need
at
least
two
providers
who
essentially
have
zero
marginal
cost
for
massive
amounts
of
bandwidth.
The
technology
and
Moore's
laws
makes
that
possible.
A
The
reason
we
don't
have
it
today
is
because
of
a
lot
of
embedded
Marcus
structure
and
incentives,
and
then
finally
I'll
just
leave
you
with
this
question:
what
tools
empower
society
to
eliminate
constraints
on
social
progress
and
economic
growth
bandwidth
today
constrains
those
two
things,
so
we
can
change
that,
but
there
are
other
things.
Digital
literacy
constrains
that
we
need
to
change
that
the
way
we
operate
government's,
not
the
fault
of
the
new
mayor,
obviously,
but
the
way
we
operate,
governments
that
constrains
it.
So
all
these
things
have
together
have
to
come
together.
A
A
It's
a
great
question:
it
comes
up
in
every
city
and
it's
a
certainly
appropriate
question.
Anytime.
A
government
gets
into
a
business
that
the
private
sector
is
in.
That
question
should
be
raised.
I
would
say
a
few
things
about
it
number
one.
It's
already
in
the
business.
The
incumbents
like
to
pretend
and
they're
friends
of
mine
and
I
worked
with
various
abut.
You
know,
but
but
I
also
known
enough
history,
that
I
could
pretend
they
built
the
money
they
built
these
networks
with
just
private
capital.
They
built
it
with
exclusive
franchises,
ie
monopolies.
A
They
built
it
with
access
to
rights
of
way.
They
built
it
with
access
to
polls.
They
built
it
with
other
kinds
of
government
benefits,
so
number
one.
The
city
is
kind
of
already
in
it
number
two
there
it's.
This
is
a
difficult
thing.
Guess,
because
they're
private
schools
doesn't
mean
communities
shouldn't
be
in
the
business
of
having
educational
facilities,
I
mean.
After
all,
there
was
high
over
Harvard.
Why
should
there
be
the
University
of
Indiana?
So
the
question
is
really
what's
right
for
your
community
and
you
can
have
the
LaSala
beans
and
I.
A
Devoting
a
lot
of
risk
capital,
I
I
will
tell
you
my
there.
Certain
sees
like
Lafayette
that
use
the
primary
model
where
they
do
everything
I
think
it's
very
difficult,
because
cities
don't
have
expertise
in
raising
what
is
essentially
risk
capital,
taking
technology
risk,
taking
marketing
risk,
bundling
products,
buying
television,
programming,
etc,
but
that
city
had
no
choice.
The
incumbents
weren't
doing
the
job,
so
they
decided
to
do
it
I
think
it's
working
pretty
well,
but
if
I
were
in
the
City,
Council
I'd
be
very,
very
skeptical
of
a
city
doing
that.
A
On
the
other
hand,
you
look
at
the
Huntsville
deal.
What
are
they
really
doing?
They're
building
the
network
for
their
own
purposes
anyway?
They
have
enterprise,
uses
it's
cheaper
for
the
city
to
do
it
on
the
thing
that
Joanne
and
I
hope
that
you'll
ask
that
question
of
Joanne
again,
because
she's
dealt
with
this
question
more
than
anyone
in
the
country
is
when
you
look
at
all
the
different
things.
The
city
does.
There's
lots
of
good
reasons
why
cities
may
want
to
be
more
aggressive
in
accelerating
the
deployment
of
a
next
generation
network.
A
A
B
A
Look,
he
got
you
I
I
thought
about.
You
know.
I
was
an
American
Studies
major
and
one
of
the
interesting
things,
of
course,
is.
If
you
study
American
history,
he
realized
that
there
we
we
celebrate
the
victories,
but
there's
that,
like
town
in
Roanoke
Virginia,
where
they
all
disappeared
right,
because
I
don't
know
why
they
died.
A
So
you
know
one
of
the
one
of
the
lessons
we
pulled
from.
That
is,
if
you
have
a
big
established
company,
they
have
a
lot
of
incentives
to
make
it
work,
even
if
they
have
a
temporary
setback
if
you're
dealing
with
a
small
company
and
I
like
small
companies,
but
if
you're
dealing
with
a
small
company
and
they
get
a
setback,
they
may
not
be
around
for
the
next
round,
so
that
would
be
one
I
would
certainly
ask
some
of
the
other
panelists.
But
this
isn't
easy.
A
If
it
was
easy,
it
would
already
be
done
and
so
I
think
you
have
to.
But
the
problem
is:
if
you,
if
you
try
to
get
rid
of
all
risk,
you
don't
move
forward.
So
in
that
sense,
it's
like
any
other
kind
of
enterprise
challenge,
making
sure
the
trade-offs
work.
That's
that's!
Actually
what
the
job,
in
my
opinion
of
the
mayor
and
the
council
are
they're
acceptable.
Are
you
taking
acceptable
risk
and
I?
A
B
A
It's
a
great
question:
the
original
idea
of
got
you
actually
was
we
get
all
36
communities
and
we'd
have
a
single
rfp
and
we
we
did.
We
both
reduce
risk,
but
we'd
also
have
the
scale
that
we'd
really
get
accelerate.
This
thing
turned
out.
The
differences
in
state
law
were
such
that
that
was
simply
not
practical,
but
the
project
Elise
worked
on
in
North
Carolina
involved
a
number
of
different
cities.
A
That
essentially
said
we
will
standardize
a
number
of
things
and
the
way
we
work
so
that
you
all
can
do
do
this
better
because
none
of
the
cities
by
themselves
had
the
scale.
So
that
was
an
example
in
the
state
of
Connecticut.
The
gig
got
you
effort
actually
led
to
about
half
the
city's.
Our
cities,
representing
about
half
the
population
of
the
state
having
a
joint,
RFP
and
they're.
Now
working
with
the
potential
vendor,
I,
don't
know
again.
Joanne
knows
the
actual
math
of
this
better
than
me
whether
Bloomington
by
itself
is
sufficient.
A
B
A
A
They
are
actually
very
integrated
at
this
point,
the
more
fiber
you
have,
the
better
spectrum
you'll
get
because
you'll
have
a
lot
better
Wi-Fi
that
comes
off
of
it
and
even
the
you
know
the.
When
you
make
a
phone
call
on
your
iPhone
or
your
Android
phone,
it
hits
a
tower
and
then
it
immediately
goes
on
to
a
wire
because
of
the
way
video
is
going
and
and
what
we
haven't
really
gotten
to
a
video
at
very
high
levels
of
resolution.
A
I
think
the
first
really
great
application
and
my
wife's
parents
are
both
in
their
90's
and
I
wish.
It
was
already
here.
It's
not,
but
it'd,
be
so
much
easier
if
they
could
talk
to
their
doctor.
Instead
of
going
to
the
most
dangerous
place
on
earth
for
someone
in
their
90's,
that
would
be
a
hospital
because
people
go
to
hospitals
tend
to
pick
up.
Diseases
it'd
be
so
much
easier.
If
the
doctor
could
see
them,
they
can't
do
it.
A
They
can't
do
the
same
thing,
but
they
can
cut
down
the
number
of
visits
by
fifty
percent
or
even
by
twenty
percent.
That's
a
big
winner.
It
seems
to
me
in
that
world
5
G's
not
going
to
work
for
a
lot
of
different
reasons,
but
that's
a
that's
a
question.
I
would
urge
you
to
consider
in
your
own
to
me
as
I
watch
Wall
Street,
the
you
know,
those
people
when
you
put
skin
in
the
game.
You
really
care
about
the
answer.
A
Most
people
believe
that
there
will
always
be
a
need
for
a
wire
and
the
economics
of
delivery
of
massive
amounts
of
bits
over
the
wire
are
always
going
to
be
better
5
G's
going
to
be
great,
but
having
the
wires
is
always
going
to
be
necessary
with
that.
Let
me
again
thank
you
very
much
for
inviting
me.
Please
enjoy
the
rest
of
the
day.
You've
got
some
great
speakers
and
it's
great
to
see.