►
Description
4-7-21 City of Boulder Environmental Advisory Board Meeting
A
A
Well,
good
evening,
everybody,
so
this
my
name
is
brett
cancaron,
I'm
the
city
of
boulder
climate
initiatives,
liaison
staff
to
the
environmental
advisory
board,
I'm
going
to
introduce
the
protocol
for
online
public
meetings
and
after
that
its
place.
Will
then
let
the
chair
kick
off
the
meeting
so
we're
pleased
to
have
you
all
join
us
to
strike
a
balance
between
meaningful
and
transparent
engagement
and
online
security.
A
We
have
these
rules
that
we
establish
for
all
of
our
online
meetings
to
ensure
that
these
opera,
these
these
meetings,
can
proceed
effectively.
So
this
meeting
has
been
called
to
conduct
a
bit
of
the
city
of
boulder.
Any
activities
that
disrupt
delay
or
otherwise
interfere
with
the
meeting
are
prohibited.
A
Each
person
shall
be
registered
to
speak
at
the
meeting
using
that
real,
the
person's
real
name.
Any
person,
that's
using
a
synonym,
will
not
be
permitted
to
speak.
If
someone
comes
into
the
meeting
with
a
telephone
number
or
a
name
associated
with
a
specific
device,
the
host
may
want
for
a
full
name
before
allowing
the
individual
to
speak.
A
No
video
is
permitted,
except
for
the
ones
that
are
actually
recorded
as
a
part
of
this
meeting
and
all
others
other
than
the
invited
speakers
will
be
by
voice
only
the
person
presiding.
The
meeting
shall
enforce
these
rules
by
muting.
A
Anyone
who
violates
the
rules
if
the
chat,
the
the
chat
function
won't
be
enabled,
except
for
to
heidi
who
is
basically
administering
the
meeting,
and
that
and
the
chat
is
only
used
for
technical
questions,
there's
no
back
and
forth
with
any
of
the
participants,
and
only
the
hosts
and
the
individuals
designated
by
the
host
we've
permitted
to
share
their
screen
during
the
meeting.
Okay
with
that
marty
I'll
turn
it
over
to.
B
You,
okay,
thank
you
brett,
so
we'll
call
the
meeting
to
order
to
start
our
meeting
here
on
the
7th
of
april.
Welcome
everyone,
and
what
we're
going
to
do.
I
think
first
in
the
agenda
is
we're
going
to,
of
course
welcome.
I'm
here
non
villanueva.
Do
I
pronounce
your
name
correctly
or
none
yeah,
okay,
close
enough.
C
B
Government
work
well
welcome,
and
I
know
that
we
have
a
procedure
to
have
you
do
an
oath
of
office,
so
perhaps
we'll
do
that
and
heidi
would
you
administer
that
lead
us
or
how
do
we
do.
A
That
I
I
believe
hanan
has
the.
D
Shall
I
go
ahead?
Yep
all
right,
I
carlos
hernandez,
to
solemnly
swear
that
I
will
support
the
constitution
of
the
united
states
of
america
and
of
the
state
of
colorado
and
the
charter
and
ordinances
of
the
city
of
boulder
and
faithfully
perform
the
duties
of
the
office
of
a
member
of
the
environmental
advisory
board,
which
I
am
about
to
enter.
C
A
Perfect
so
I'll
introduce
this
next
section,
because
it's
a
little
awkward
for
marty
to
do
this.
The
the
process
that
the
environmental
advisory
board
has
historically
used
for
the
selection
of
its
chair
and
vice
chair
is
simply
the
seniority
process
of
the
board
members
going
through
the
offices.
A
And
so
since
marty
is
in
his
last
year
term,
then
he
has
the
honor
of
being
your
chair
for
this
year
and
then
the
person
who
is
the
second
most
senior
person
would
be
the
vice
player
in
this
case,
michael
it's
implemented,
so
unless
other
other
boards
do
operate
differently.
But
this
is
the
way
this
board
has
operated
for
a
very
long
time.
A
So
unless
anybody
has
any
concerns
or
which
is
to
challenge
that
approach,
then
we
would
simply
go
through
essentially
a
formality
to
endorse
marty
to
be
the
chair
and
michael
to
be
the
vice
chair.
So
marty
that'll
turn
it
back
to
you.
Okey.
B
B
What
I'd
like
to
first
do
is:
have
us
look
at
the
minutes
from
the
last
meeting
on
the
march
3rd,
which-
and
I
I
was
looking
at
the
minutes-
and
I
know
typically,
we
are
pretty
quick
in
approving
those
minutes
and
seconding
that,
but
I'd
like
to
maybe
just
pause
for
a
brief
moment
part
here
and
on
you
weren't
fully
involved
in
the
meeting
last
month,
and
we
had
minutes
that
seemed
to
be
longer
than
most
typical
minutes.
We
had
a
lot
that
happened
in
the
last
meeting.
B
A
lot
of
ground
was
covered
and
we'll
keep
circling
back
to
some
of
the
issues
not
by
any
means
resolve,
and
I
just
wanted
to
point
out
a
couple
of
items
before
we
approve
those
minutes
and,
and
one
that
struck
me-
I
just
wanted
to
circle
back
to
very
briefly
was
from
the
student
presentation
which
I
really
enjoyed
and
had
to
do
with
the
gis
interactive
story
map.
B
They
can,
they
have
a
sense
of
their
space
and
they
also
have
a
sense
of
their
actions.
So
I
just
want
to
emphasize.
I
thought
that
was
an
important
part
of
the
student
project
that
and
we'll
see
how
that
if
that
develops,
it's
a
recommendation.
So
it
wasn't
clear
to
me
whether
that
recommendation
goes
to
the
city
or
to
whom
and
now-
and
I
just
want
to
maybe
toss
it
out.
Does
anyone
have
a
sense
as
to
who
would
act
upon
some
of
the
recommendations
that
came
out
of
the
student
project.
A
Well,
this
is
we'll
talk
about
this
more
when
we
get
into
the
topic
of
air
quality
down
below
it.
A
I
think
we've
started
to
see
is
that
air
quality
is
a
is
an
issue
that
falls
into
a
gap
within
the
city.
That's
been
an
area,
that's
typically
been
the
county's
purview,
and
so
theoretically
that
would
go
to
the
county,
but
I
think
we're
starting
to
see.
There's
some
need
for
the
city
to
take
action,
but
we
haven't
quite
figured
out
how
to
proceed
with
that.
B
Okay,
great
and-
and
you
know
this
sort
of
tied
into
jonathan
cohen's
presentation
to
us-
that's
also
in
the
minutes
which
was
to
where
he
was
introducing
some
of
the
community
climate
action
plan.
We'll
come
back
to
the
action
plan
on
today's
agenda,
which
is
important
for
this
committee
I
think
to
aboard
to
to
discuss,
but
he
talked
about
resilience
and
part
of
resilience.
B
Building
is
also
knowing
how
to
act
when
the
situation
requires
moving
out
of
harm's
way,
and
so
I
just
want
to
come
back
to
as
part
of
the
resilient
strategy,
the
informing
and
empowering
the
public
with
what
their
options
are
when
situations
in
the
environment
are
threat
to
them
is
really
important,
and
I
think
is
part
of
something
that
we
should
be
returning
to
in
the
eab
as
we
you
know,
work
to
advising
the
city
all
right.
B
B
So
hearing
no
objections,
I'd
say:
let's
approve
the
minutes
and
if
we
can
second
that
approval.
B
Thank
you,
susan.
So
now
we
have
public
participation
and
we
saw
the
terms
of
that
participation.
We
have
two
people
joining
us
welcome
to
paul
and
ryan,
and
perhaps
in
the
order,
I'm
just
looking
from
left
to
right.
If
paul
would
like
to
begin
with
his
comments
for
three
minutes,
so
paul.
C
Okay,
I'll
just
take
a
minute.
I
want
to
congratulate
airmen
for
being
on
the
board.
I'm
totally
impressed
with
your
resume
and
your
public
presence
during
the
the
question
and
answer
period.
You
did
a
great
job
and
I'm
sure
you
do
a
great
job
on
the
board.
C
And
congratulations
marty
for
being
chair,
so
you
may
or
may
not
know
that
I'm
totally
focused
on
stopping
burning
fossil
fuels.
That's
that's
the
source.
C
F
For
sure,
good
evening,
everyone,
I
don't
have
any
planned
comments
tonight.
I
plan
mostly
to
listen
in
and
kind
of
get
a
feel
for
advisory
board
here.
I'd
mostly
spend
my
time
listening
to
the
transportation
advisory
board
and
getting
up
to
speed
there,
but
I
know
that
the
environment
is
highly
tied
to
our
form
of
transportation
and
I
will
second
paul's
comments
on
you
know
our
transition
away
from
fossil
fuel
burning
as
soon
as
possible,
so
yeah
happy
to
just
listen
in
tonight.
Thank
you
all.
B
So
I
think
at
that
point
just
looking
at
the
agenda,
we
have
no
public
hearing
items
on
this
month's
agenda
that
I
see
here
so
that
takes
us
to
discussion
items
and
maybe
also
just
sort
of
a
maybe
a
matter
of
future
meetings
in
which
we
may
have
presentations
from
staff
or
or
other
people
who
bring
information
to
the
board
that
we
need
to
consider
that's
relevant
to
the
eab,
such
as
we
had
jonathan,
give
a
presentation
we
had
last
month.
B
We
also,
we
also
had
carol,
give
a
presentation
carol.
Elon
gave
a
presentation
on
air
quality
at
the
local
level
and
that
is
to
consider
how
we
would
actually
interact
with
a
q
a
and
we
we've
been
pretty
liberal
about
how
we've
been
doing
that.
That's
worked
for
the
most
part,
but
maybe
they
give
it
structure,
especially
now
with
with
a
new
member
here
and
on
on
board.
B
I
think
it
might
be
nice
when
we
do
have
presentations
given
to
us
formal
presentations
that
the
chair
or
the
vice
chair,
whoever
is
in
the
seat
at
the
moment,
basically
solicits
a
a
roll
call
that
will
go
sequentially
through
the
board
members.
B
So
everyone
will
know
they'll
have
an
opportunity
to
ask
for
a
clarifying
question
regarding
the
presentation
that
was
just
shared
and
so
I'll
try
to
do
that
to
make
sure
that
everyone
to
manage
that
and
regulate
it,
that
everyone
has
a
moment
in
which
they
can
give
a
clarifying
question,
and
then
this
also
the
speaker
will
know
that
they're
going
to
get
some
feedback
or
clarification
forthcoming,
for
which
they
can
provide
an
answer
to
those,
and
so
in
this
manner
we
have
some
structure.
B
G
B
No,
no,
not
really,
but
I
think
it
just
is
a
good
way
of
I
think
running
the
meeting,
rather
than
just
having
us
jump
in
sort
of
sporadically
without
structure.
A
Miriam
this
is
actually
the
pros
process
that
marty's
describing
is
is
the
process
that
was
made
for
quite
a
long
time
and
just
to
just
to
embellish
it
just
slightly
it's
it's
really
got.
You
typically
would
have
two
two
rounds
for
the
board.
A
The
first
round
is
to
ask
questions
just
to
make
sure
that
there's
the
the
board
understands
what
was
being
presented,
and
then
the
second
round
is
for
the
board
members
to
be
able
to
make
comment
and
part
of
what
that
enables
is
for
us
to
be
able
to
track
the
commentaries
more
clearly
in
the
notes
and
to
be
more
effective
and
be
able
to
to
be
responsive
to
those
comments.
B
Radio,
thanks
for
clicking
clarifying
that
I
forgot
about
the
statement
part
of
it
too,
and
this
will
make
it
easier
for
heidi
and
in
looking
back
at
last
month's
notes.
Heidi
did
an
amazing
job
of
transcribing
all
the
conversations.
So
thanks
for
doing
that.
So
hopefully
this
will
make
a
little
bit
easier
for
you.
B
Okay,
so
again
welcome
to
to
hernan,
and
maybe
if
I
can
just
invite
you
to
say
a
few
things
about
yourself,
we
don't
all.
We
didn't
all
participate
in
your
presentation
to
counsel.
So
if
you
can
take
a
moment
or
two
just
to
tell
us
who
you
are
and
what
your
interest
is
here,
what
you
hope
to
achieve
and
and
what
this
board
hopefully
will
achieve
together
with
you.
D
Okay,
so
my
my
full
name
is
carlos
hernan
villanueva,
but
I
go
by
my
middle
name,
because
there
are
a
lot
of
carlos's
in
my
family
alone
in
my
house
there
were
like
another
two,
so
you
know
I
could
get
confusing
quickly,
I'm
originally
from
peru.
I
grew
up
in
lima
and
I
came
here
to
the
us
when
I
was
17
to
study,
so
I
ended
up
in
kansas,
the
university
of
kansas.
D
I
studied
engineering
there
for
four
years.
Then
I
moved
to
boulder
back
in
2011
to
study
my
phd,
also
in
engineering
and
I
graduated
in
2016,
and
currently
I'm
working
for
lawrence
livermore
national
laboratory
in
california,
but
I
was
able
to
work
out
a
deal
with
them
where
I
can
work.
You
know
from
colorado,
which
is
nice,
and
I
what
I
said
in
my
during
my
interview
process
with
city
council,
was,
I
think,
I'm
interested
in
improving
the
efficiency
of
of
residential
and
commercial
buildings
built.
D
So
that
means,
like
you,
know,
work
with
the
building
codes
to
ensure
that
new
construction
meets
certain
efficiency
goals,
and
I
I
feel
I
believe
that
that
is
the
most
bang
bang.
D
For
your
buck
that
you
can
get
in
terms
of
you
know,
producing
energy
waste
and
my
second
approach
and
something
that
I
would
like
to
work
on
with
the
board,
hopefully
is
try
to
whenever
we
think
of
a
new
project
or
a
new
initiative
here,
to
always
consider
the
the
ability
to
be
able
to
reproduce
this
in
lower
income
communities,
because
I
sincerely
believe
that
you
know,
while
boulder
has
a
lot
of
good
initiatives
and
a
lot
of
good
ideas.
D
Sometimes
this
can
be
pricey
and
I
feel,
like
you
know,
fighting
climate
change
and
achieving
our
goals
is
going
to
be
a
group
effort,
not
at
the
city
level.
But
you
know
the
county
level,
then
at
the
state
level
and
then
at
the
federal
level.
So
we
can
take
into
consideration
the
costs
that
other
communities
may
have
to
incur
to
you
know
implement
their
goals.
D
B
Yeah,
that's
great
welcome
to
the
board-
and
I
don't
know
or
not,
if
you
were
on
listening
into
last
month's
call,
but
I'm
just
kind
of
scrolling
back
to
my
own
little
chicken
scratch
notes
here
that
I
can
read.
Carolyn
talked
about
you
know
achieving
net
zero
for
building
codes
and
that-
and
it
was
a
term
that
I
wasn't
quite
sure
how
the
city
is
defining
this
or
at
least
how
she
was
using
it
in
her
presentation.
B
B
D
Yes,
but
I
I
don't
know
how
at
least
short
term
net
zero
is
in
terms
of
feasibility,
but
I
do
feel
that
you
know,
if
not
net
zero.
We
can
get
close
to
zero
by
enforcing
in
the
building
codes
use
of
like,
like
new
insulating
materials
that
you
can
now
find
at
home,
depot
or
yeah,
basically,
that
right,
like
new
materials
that
are
now
available
and
are
cheap
enough,
like
a
home
depot
or
or
at
lowe's,
that
contractors
can
use
for
their
projects
and
basically
reduce
the
energy
waste.
D
You
know
the
the
energy
consumption
of
a
home
or
or
a
building,
and
something
that
I
also
mentioned
to
city
council
is
maybe
push
harder
with
the
what's
the
official
term
like
rebates,
I
guess,
or
tax
credits
that
people
could
use
both.
I
guess
contractors
and
the
citizens
of
boulder
to
be
able
to
retro
retrofit
their
homes
to
meet
these
efficiency
goals,
because
I
guess
you
know.
D
For
example,
if
I
wanted
to
have
money,
my
house
was
built
in
the
50s.
I
could
add
more
insulation,
and
luckily
I
could
afford
it
right,
but
maybe
like
for
other
members
of
the
community.
It
might
be
a
tougher
sale
because
your
return
on
investment
is,
you
know,
10
years
down
the
road.
So
what's
your
incentive
to
do
it
now,
if
it's
10
years
down
the
road,
it's
going
to
cost
you
a
lot
of
money
now,
so
maybe
we
could,
like
you
know,
just
give
it
a
little
push
with.
D
I
don't
know
tax
incentives
or
more
rebates.
Maybe
they
will
be
more
motivated,
especially
landlords,
because
I
know
the
city
of
boulder
has
smart
regulations.
B
E
Sure,
herman,
I
was
the
new
kid
on
the
block
until
you
got
here.
So
thank
you
that
this
was
my
first
year
on
the
environmental
advisory
board
and
my
background
is
also
engineering.
I
studied
civil
engineering
and
practiced
structural
and
then
moved
to
electrical,
and
I
have
a
master's
in
business
as
well,
and
I've
been
active
in
all
kinds
of
environmental
issues
around
the
city
primarily
having
to
do
with
renewable
electricity,
but
I'm
also
very
interested
not
only
in
individual
homes
being
net
zero,
but
in
our
urban
planning
in
general.
E
D
I
think
I
think
actually
we
have
met
before.
I
think
you
were
there
last
year,
and
I
was
there
too
getting
in.
Did
you
start
your
turn
last
year?
Yes,
okay,
but
yeah.
I
think
we
we
must
have
stopped
for
like
two
minutes
last
year,
when
you
were
waiting
for
your
interview,
so
I
I
I
I'm
pretty
sure
that
I
recognize
your
face.
So,
oh.
G
G
For
at
least
three
years
now,
my
I'm
also
an
engineer,
but
my
specialty
is
in
the
air
quality
realm
environmental
and
invert
and
air
quality
realm
and
I've
been
focused
on
helping
the
city
and
the
eab
move
towards
addressing
air
quality
in
the
city
and
the
region
on
a
more
active
level.
G
G
B
Yeah
right
and
iron,
I'm
marty,
hurling
and
when
I
joined
the
board,
my
hair
was
your
color
and
what
happens
when
you're
on
this
board
too
long.
So
I
wish
you
better
luck,
but
no
I'm
just
kidding.
This
has
been
an
exciting
board
to
be
part
of
because
it
is
an
important
problem
and
we
hear
that
from
the
public
and,
of
course,
we're
all
on
the
board
for
very
similar
reasons.
I'm
actually
a
a
a
climate
scientist.
B
I
work
for
noaa
and
I've
been
doing
climate
change
research
for
quite
some
time
and
and
so
I'm
very
interested
in
some
of
the
meteorological
manifestations
of
climate
change.
That
would
matter
in
a
area
like
boulder.
So
we
we
are
concerned
about
flood
risks
and
how
those
might
be
changing
so
there's
a
resilience
to
flooding.
B
That
is
something
of
interest
to
me
and
then
there's
the
heat,
island
and
just
of
heatwave
heat
island
concern
that
comes
together
as
a
sort
of
a
compound
problem
with
the
air
quality,
so
mariam's
doing
a
great
job
in
discussing
the
air
quality
concerns
and
how
we
monitor
and
climate
change
is
working
in
a
way
to
probably
promote
more
fires,
just
because
of
the
drying
effect
in
in
in
our
forests
and
community.
B
But
then
also
on
top
of
that
is
the
heat
that
comes
along
with
it
almost
at
the
same
time.
So
how
are
we
resilient
to
dealing
with
that
and
and
the
equity
different
parts
of
the
community
may
be
more
resilient
in
others,
and
so
all
these
are
interesting
topics
for
me
and
I'm
glad
to
be
on
the
board
for
those
reasons
and
be
able
to
engage
the
city
as
they
need
some
information
that
can
be
provided
by
this
board.
B
So
I
think
with
that
we
can
move
on,
and
I
think
we
have
an
air
quality
update.
Perhaps
some
next
steps-
and
this
goes
back
to
brett
and
miriam
who've-
been
working
on
this
problem
a
little
bit
since
the
last
meeting.
Any
new
updates.
A
Yeah,
miriam
I'll
start
and,
and
then
please
fill
in.
I
I
think,
as
I
mentioned
before,
miriam
has
been
a
leader
in
bringing
to
our
attention
some
huge
gaps
that
we
have
around
both
the
the
availability,
the
quality
and
the
accessibility
of
information
about
air
quality,
and
I
think,
as
part
of
that
process,
it's
it's
been
underscoring
something
that
we
learned
last
fall
when
we
had
the
fires,
which
is
that
we
don't
have
a
well-developed
city-based
response
process
around
bad
air
quality.
A
Events
like
the
fire,
particularly
for
those
who
may
be
most
at
risk,
and
so
I
think
the
the
sort
of
positive
or
the
effective
first
step
is
that
we've
kind
of
surfaced.
The
problem,
I
think,
where
we
now
sit,
is
trying
to
figure
out
what
the
next
step
should
be
for
the
city.
The
city
doesn't
really
have
any
department,
that's
charged
with
a
tracking
and
addressing
either
air
quality
or
air
quality
risks.
A
A
G
Sure
so,
as
brett
mentioned,
I
I
have
been
well.
Maybe
he
didn't
mention
this.
I've
been
participating
in
the
regional
meetings
that
have
been
occurring
around
this
topic.
There
are,
there
have
been
two
groups
established
among
the
different
city,
representatives,
city
and
county
representatives.
G
Everybody
from
at
least
the
front
range
region
is,
is
participating
and
then
there's
also
other
cities
around
the
state
that
are
participating
as
well.
In
this
effort,
there's
one
group,
that's
focused
on
the
messaging
that
will
be
put
forth
and
the
idea
is
to
try
to
have
consistent,
messaging
and
and
messaging
that
can
be
well
understood
by
all
of
the
population
and
so
there's
cu
professors.
There's
csu
professors,
there's
other
advocates
that
have
also
been
involved
with
this
group.
G
That
is,
helping
the
city's
representatives,
formulate
the
best
type
of
messaging
and
way
to
put
it
forth,
and
I
have
not
been
directly
associated
with
that
group.
But
I
am
party
to
the
notes
and
everything-
and
I
I
can
actually
share
that
with
this
with
our
board.
Would
that
be
something
I
should
do
sure.
E
G
So
I
can
share
the
the
minutes
from
both
of
those
meetings.
For
you
guys.
The
other
group
that
it
has
been
meeting
is
around
the
data.
The
air
quality
monitoring
data
that
is
being
collected
around
the
state,
and
how
do
we
present
that
data?
How
do
we
put
it
into
a
format
that
is
understandable
and
what
is
kind
of
very
exciting
right
now?
Is
you
guys
have
all,
or
some
of
you
have
met,
michael
ogletree,
who
is
city
of
denver
specialist?
G
He
has
already
initiated
a
program
where
he
has
the
platform
that
will
be
used
or
that
he's
proposing
will
be
used
to
put
the
data
or
collect
data
and
then
be
able
to
distribute
it
from
and
he's
invited
all
of
the
different
city
representatives
and
counties
to
share
their
air
monitoring
data
and
have
it
available
from
the
same
resource.
G
There's
still
a
lot
of
question
about.
You
know
how
the
presentation
will
look,
that'll,
be
coordinated
with
the
messaging
group,
of
course,
and
there's
still
a
lot
of
detail
to
be
worked
out.
But
michael
is
at
the
point
right
now
where
he
is
trying
to
to
gain
or
to
establish
agreements
with
the
different
cities
and
counties
to
share
the
data
and
that's
kind
of
the
level
we're
at
right.
Now
we
have
another
meeting
that
will
be
happening
in
the
next
week
or
so
to
really
work
through
some
of
those
details.
F
G
Lead
that
group
with
michael
so
I
I
am
going
to
get
to
participate
in
a
meeting
that
he's
having
with
maripoco
county,
which
is
in
arizona
which
has
a
very
robust
program
that
they
use
and
present
data
through,
so
we're
going
to
try
to
learn
from
them
and
how
they
put
their
system
together
as
well.
G
A
Yeah
one
of
the
things
that
came
up
in
the
so
so
I
think
miriam.
Thank
you.
There's
these
two
tracks
that
this
regional
initiative
that
miriam,
actually,
frankly,
you
really
stimulated
from
coming
together,
but
there's
these
two
tracks,
then
one
is
around
data
gathering
and
synthesis
and
integration
and
the
others
around
messaging.
A
One
of
the
things
that
we
noted
in
our
last
conversation
is
that
even
if
we
can
get
the
information
better,
integrated
and
better
presented
in
some
sort
of
say
website
context
that
doesn't
necessarily
mean
that
the
people
who
are
most
vulnerable
will
be
able
to
access
it
because
they
may
not
go
to
websites
or
what
have
you,
and
so
I
think,
one
of
the
gaps
that
we
acknowledge
that
we
need
to
consider
somehow
is
how
do
we
determine
the
most
effective
way
to
get
that
information
once
it's
more
effectively?
Aggregated
and
presentable
is.
G
A
That's
great,
so
I
do
want
to
come
back
around
and
ask
more
about
your
thoughts
around
this
sort
of
the
sort
of
almost
more
like
emergency
response
or
incident
response
kind
of
context.
But
on
the
data
side
you
you've
been
a
strong
advocate
for
figuring
out
ways
to
promote
more
of
the.
G
Air
they're,
sensors,
they're
they're
air
quality,
sensors
that
measure
particulate.
G
Well,
and
actually
in
talking
to
some
of
the
other
players
and
and
to
michael,
they
think
that
we
have,
you
know
a
fairly
robust
set
of
monitors
in
boulder
already
just
through
citizen
scientists
post,
you
know
putting
them
up
so
so,
there's
actually
a
fair
amount
of
data
already
present
here.
G
If
that
is
all
that's
going
to
be
implemented,
the
other
thing
ozone
is
the
other
focus
of
this
group.
It's
not
just
particulate
and
we
do
have
a
cd-pat
ozone
monitor
up
at
the
reservoir.
G
And
both
of
those
pollutants
will
be
the
focus
of
the
data,
collection
and
presentation
and
and
then
also
you
know
how
to
react.
The
reaction
they're
from
you
know,
but
I
still
I
I
think
you
know
we
have
a
certain
level
of
monitoring
available
to
us.
I
think
we
can
start
with
what
there
is
especially
I
mean
michael,
is
pushing
this
very
hard
because
everybody's
talking
about
getting
everything
going
and
done
by
june
when
the
fire
season
starts
wow.
So
it's
kind
of
a
manic
push
at
the
moment.
A
So
this
all
sounds
really
positive,
miriam
and
actually
seems
like
we
were
moving
in
the
direction
that
you
were
hoping.
You
would
go
right.
What
about
this
last
category
of
you
know
it's
one
thing
to
know
that
the
air
quality
is
bad
and
it's
another
thing
to
be
able
to
do
something
about
it,
and
we
I
forgot
to
that.
A
It's
your
responsibility,
even
if
they
can't
actually
do
something
about
it,
so
that
we
need
to
be
very
cognizant
about
how
we're
also
setting
people
up
to
be
able
to
act
effectively
and
wondering
what
your
thoughts
miriam
are
about,
where
we
stand
and
what
our
options
or
needs
around.
That
might
be.
G
So
I
I
really
liked
what
elizabeth
had
to
say.
I
mean
I
think,
it's
very
important.
She
was
mentioning
pulling
in
community
leaders
like
church
leaders
and
community
organizers
that
are
involved
with
the
lower
income
communities.
Those
are
the
people
that
we
need
to
reach
out
to
and
get
on
our
team
to
help
distribute
the
information
that
needs
to
be
distributed,
that
that
was
the
primary
point
I
pulled
from
what
she
said.
A
Yeah
again,
part
of
what
I
think
about,
though,
is
just
because
a
family
might
know
that
it's
unsafe
for
them
their
kids
to
be
outside
or
for
their
elders
to
be
outside.
They
don't
have
the
three
hundred
dollars.
It
takes
right
by
an
air
quality,
monitor,
that's
not
going
to
help
them
much
and
then
sometimes.
A
F
F
G
So
I
mean
that's
that
goes
to
ernan's
way
of
thinking,
perhaps,
and
and
how
do
we
make
our
houses
safer
and
and
and
make
our
build
buildings
more
tight
and
efficient?
G
There
there's
there's
a
lot
of
work
that
can
be
done
in
that
arena
and
there's
a
lot
of
work
that
has
been
done.
I
mean
there's,
there's
a
lot
of
air
filters
out
there
because
of
the
the
fire
seasons
that
have
occurred
in
california
and
he
and
all
over
the
states
there's
a
lot
of
information
out
there
and
resources.
G
E
Yeah
the
part
that
really
resonated
with
me
about
what
you
said.
Brett
was,
if
we
don't
know
what
the
sources
of
air
pollution
are
and
what
we
can
do
about
them.
It
can
be
disheartening
to
people
just
to
know
just
to
feel
like
it's
something
that's
out
of
their
control,
and
you
know
we
do
a
really
good
job.
G
G
G
A
A
I
haven't
seen
them
change
it
yet,
but
they
they're
making
noise
about
improving
that
and
then
the
second
part
of
that
is.
We
should
then,
I
think,
somehow
track
or
be
working
in
tandem
with
them,
for
whatever
we're
gonna
do,
and
I
guess
I've
been
sort
of
waiting
for
this
messaging
and
communications
work.
That
you're
saying
is
gonna
happen
before
we
try
to
stand
up
something.
That's
independent
of
what
that
best
sort
of
practice
is
that's.
G
E
E
And
it
looks
like
we're
working
up
to
another
fire
season
where
that's
gonna
be
the
same,
so
air
quality
just
needs,
in
my
opinion,
to
be
a
lot
more
front
and
center,
and
I
thank
you
for
all
the
work
you're
doing
on
it.
E
I
mentioned
I
just
tried
to
send
out
a
link,
but
you
can't
get
it
online
without
a
subscription,
but
there's
a
great
article
in
national
geographic
this
month
on
air
quality
and
the
relationship
to
public
health
with
great
stats
around
the
world
and,
of
course
their
mind.
The
relationship
between
low-income
communities
and
the
terrible
impact
on
public
health
is
more
severe
in
places
around
the
world
where
they
burn
terrible
fuels
and
and
that
kind
of
thing.
But
it's
really
great,
if
you
have
a
chance
to
check
it
out.
D
Air
and
on
definitely
okay,
so
I
am
new
to
all
of
this,
so
I
have
a
lot
of
questions
here
written
down,
so
I
wonder,
what's
the
best
or
maybe
most
effective
way
for
me
to
get
caught
up?
If
I
should
just
you
know
hog
a
lot
of
time
right
now
and
just
ask
the
questions
or
that
we
should
just
talk
separately,
you
and
I
miriam
and
kinda
you
can
catch
me
up
with.
G
G
I
think
what
might
be
very
helpful
is,
if
I
send
you
the
notes
from
these
meetings
that
that
could
potentially
help
you
understand
at
least
what's
happening
on
a
regional
basis
at
this
point,
and
then
I'm
I'm
happy
to
talk
with
you
now
or
or
any
other
time.
D
Okay,
yeah,
okay,
okay,
maybe
yeah
I'll
start
out
that
way.
Maybe
let
me
check
the
meeting,
so
I
can
kind
of
understand
the
status
quo
and
then
from
there,
whatever
I
don't
understand,
or
if
I
need
more
information,
I
can
just
ask
you
that.
A
Sure
so,
in
terms
of
thinking
about
next
steps,
miriam
can.
B
I
ask
a
question
next
and-
and
this
is
sort
of
my
experience
with
systems
that
seek
to
collect
data
and
systems
that
seek
to
inform
basically
what
the
message
is
from
those
data's
that
are
meant
to
engage
some
response,
and
so
you
know
I've
worked
in
the
past
with
the
national
drought
information
system,
which
is
sort
of
a
there's,
an
analogy
here
right.
B
The
drug
information
system
collects
indicators
of
drought
and
they
may
be
monitored
from
different
sources,
and
then
they
message
that
into
a
product
that
is
meaningful
at
a
scale
to
which
people
experience
that
phenomena
and
then
presumably
there's
some
response.
This
could
be
a
county-wide
response
for
drought
declaration.
B
It
could
be
a
variety
of
things.
Another
example
would
be
fire
risk
if
you
go
into
our
national
parks,
especially
in
the
warm
season.
You'll
see,
there's
a
dial,
a
very
simple
dial
that
says:
high
risk
or
low
risk
or
no
risk.
I
figured
all
the
categories
it's
cute.
It
reminds
me
of
the
old
smokey
the
bear
cartoons
and
that
they
would
advertise
it
that
way,
and
so
that
is
also
an
early
warning
system.
B
Informed,
presumably
by
some
local
knowledge
about
the
cumulative
conditions
on
on
stress
of
vegetation
and
risk
related
to
future
expectations
and
crowd
issues,
but
they're
easy.
The
communication,
just
real
quick.
The
communication
is
very
simple:
there's
a
simple
dial
that
you
that
anyone
who
enters
a
park
sees,
and
so
what
I'm
wondering
here
this
is
my
question
and
mary.
B
Sorry
to
take
so
long
to
get
to
it
is:
is
there
a
simple,
visible
early
warning
that
it
can
be
provided
either
through
it
could
be
sort
of
a
location
within
a
community
that
has
an
indicator,
could
be
a
color
indicator,
could
be
a
dial
or
something
that
says
low
risk
high
risk
air
quality
today?
That
translates
all
of
the
data
and
all
of
the
expert
assessment
of
that
data
into
a
item
of
statement.
G
Yes,
there
is
discussion
among
the
messenger
group
about
using
a
flex
to
to
identify
what
the
air
quality
is,
the
level
of
danger
that
the
air
quality
is
under
at
a
particular
time.
The
problem
is
creating
a
system
where
an
understanding
of
those
levels
is
a
you
know
is,
is
well
understood,
right
and,
and
the
nice
thing
about
those
dials
is,
it
has
you
know
high
fire
danger
or
low
fire
danger,
and-
and
it's
really
easy
to
understand
what
that
means
right.
G
So,
but
what,
if
you
see
like
a
red
flag,
how
do
you
know?
How
do
you
know
that
that
means
the
air
quality
is
so
bad?
You
should
not
go
run
outside
today.
You
know
how
how
do
you
interpret
that
color
or
or
put
that
interpretation
out
there.
F
B
It
my
sense
is
for
most
people,
the
data
is,
is
above
their
heads
and
really
it
needs
to
be
synthesized
by
the
experts
who
can
who
can
work
with
the
data
for
other
purposes
too,
including
science
and
research,
but
yeah.
Basically,
at
the
end
of
the
day,
you
just
want
a
widget
that
boils
it
all
down
to
hey.
What
do
you
want
me
to
do
today.
G
B
Himself
to
in
a
moment
here,
okay,.
D
So
is
the
problem,
the
early
warning
or
just
the
warning
in
general,
like
it
doesn't
having
issues
understanding
like
if
I
go
to
my
phone
and
I
open
the
apple
weather
app,
I
can
see
the
air
quality
right
now
or
if
I
go
to
boulder
cast,
which
I
know
is
pretty
popular
here
in
boulder.
I
can
also
see
the
air
quality.
D
They
don't
match
exactly,
but
is
that
the
problem
or
you
know,
and
then
it
says
you
know
you-
can
I
usually
look
at
the
air
quality
on
my
phone
yeah.
I
E
G
Right
and
actually
the
the
system,
that
of
data
collection
and
and
identification
that
michael
is
proposing
is
includes
a
phone
app
where
you
can.
Actually,
you
know
geo
locate,
monitors
that
are
closest
to
you.
That
can
tell
you
exactly
what
the
air
quality
is,
where
you
are.
D
D
Right,
well
I
mean
this
is
a
weather,
app
right.
It
just
comes
to
installing
all
iphones,
like
I
mean
yeah,
it's
not
used
by
all
of
everybody,
but
a
huge
chunk
of
people.
I'm
sure
I'm
sure
like
android
comes
with
a
default
weather
app
and
then
you
have
boulder
cast
which
is
really
popular
on
reddit,
and
you
know
then
you're
targeting
a
huge
chunk
of
the
population.
I
mean
not
many
people
go
for
a
specialized
weather
app.
I
just
use
this
because
I
already
came
with
my
phone.
H
I
think
I
see
her
on
his
point,
though,
because,
like
I
was
kind
of
talking
about
this,
with
my
wife
and
like
she's,
not
a
scientist
at
all,
she
hates
science
she's,
like
I
think
math
is
for
calculating
tips
and
nothing
beyond
that.
Like
that's
her
kind
of
view,
world
and
she's
like,
I
would
never
download
an
app
about
air
quality,
because
it's
already
on
my
phone,
like
I
don't
care,
that's
too
much.
Information
like
like.
I
just
want
to
look
at
what
comes
there.
D
Thinking
part
of
my
background
was
you
know,
my
wife
has
an
online
business
where
she
teaches
art
and
calligraphy
like
a
super
visual
and
I've
done
studies
on
how
people
interact
with
the
blog
and
these
studies
have
done.
You
know
match
other
studies
that
I've
seen
from
other
websites
where
people
don't
read
anything
like
they
just
look
at
the
pictures,
and
you
know
if
you
have
to
make
like
just
adding.
D
Well,
let's
say
you
know
somebody
wants
to
buy
something
on
the
website.
I
think
a
few
extra
steps
results
in
a
significant
loss
of
sales.
Like
it's
like
a
funnel.
You
know,
like
everybody
who
lands
on
the
website,
then
the
more
steps
you
add,
the
more
the
less
sales
you
make.
So
I
started
optimizing
it
such
that
people
can
use
just
like
amazon.
You
know
it's,
like
click
click
click
done,
I'm
done.
I
bought
the
thing.
D
So
it's
like,
I
feel
like
if
you
have
to
make
people
get
an
app
you're
going
to
like
lose
a
huge
chunk
of
the
of
the
of
your
target
audience
already
like.
I
feel
like
it
will
be
better,
and
this,
of
course,
just
my
opinion,
but
like
target
what
people
already
have
like
okay,
so
this
weather
app
that
apple
installs
on
all
iphones.
D
Yeah,
but
how
can
we
make
it
such
that?
Whoever
is
getting
that
data
can
access
the
data
from
the
state
that
is
going
to
be
more
like
I
mean
it's
beneficial
for
them
right,
because
they
have
an
incentive
to
provide
good
data
like
that's
an
incentive
as
a
private
business,
that's
how
they
make
money.
So
if
the
data
is
already
there
for
free,
why
wouldn't
I
use
it
as
a
business
and
improve
my
you
know
my
reputation
and
then
it's
like.
D
Like
boulder
cats,
I
mean
they're
local,
so
it
will
be
easier
to
contact
them
and
ask
them.
You
know:
where
do
they
get?
How
do
you
get
your
data?
How
can
we
make
it
easier
for
you
like?
If
I
go
to
the
boulder
cast
website
right
now,
I
can
see
the
air
quality
and
they
said
you
know
we
get
this
data
from
this
weather
station
in
boulder.
It
gives
you
the
location.
D
Use
yeah,
so
people
already
use
this
service.
Then
right,
like
I
I'm
saying
like
if
you
provide
a
new
app
or
a
new
service.
You're
gonna
have
a
derivative
of
entry,
because
people
have
to
download
something
you
have
to
tell
them
to
download
it
first
then
they
have
to
actually
have
the
will
to
download
it,
and
then
they
have
to
actually
use
it.
G
G
G
B
G
B
B
49
is
a
good
number
of
claims
and
then
it
says
you
can
get
details
and
click
on
the
details,
and
so
do
we
know-
and
this
is
back
to
miriam.
There
are,
let's
see
one
two
three
six
different
constituents
that
are
being
monitored
by
someone
in
some
location:
there's
ozone
and
there's
a
value.
B
There
is
sulfur
dioxide,
there's
a
value,
there's
pm10
pm,
2.5
carbon
monoxide
and
no2
right,
and
so
where
are
those
numbers
actually
coming
from?
And
if
I
read
that
here
you
know
I'm
west
side
of
boulder
and
you
know
wherever
we
are
in
our
homes.
Is
that
number
relevant
to
where
I'm
at
right
now
in
the
manner
in
which
we
want
it
to
be
relevant
for
our
community?
G
I
want
to
have
something
available
to
the
community
and
maybe
the
the
iphone
app
is
good
enough.
Maybe
that
is
enough
impetus
for
them
to
go
solve
their
problem,
but
having
the
actual
data
available
doesn't
hurt
anything
I
mean
having
it
available.
You
know
they're
already
co,
the
data
is
being
collected
and
the
cities
the
region
is
going
to
try
to
do
something.
That's
a
consistent
message,
a
consistent
level
of
information
that
is
translatable
to
the
general
public
and
understandable.
G
I
don't
I
mean
these
apps
are
maybe
good
enough,
maybe
they're
good
enough
for
for
people
to
just
get
on
and
say.
Okay,
the
air
quality
is
good,
I'm
not
or
the
air
quality
is
bad.
I'm
not
going
to
go
outside
today,
but
I
don't
know
how
many
people
do
that.
G
A
Yeah,
I
think
I
think,
maybe
there's
I'm.
I
keep
hearing
three
steps,
there's
getting
the
data
that
we
have
confidence
in,
there's
communicating
it
to
the
community
and
then
there's
the
capacity
to
do
something
with
the
knowledge
that
that
contains,
and
so
it
seems
like.
A
Maybe
where
we
are
in
this
process
is-
and
it
you've
said,
miriam
that
everybody's
on
a
fast
track
because
of
the
coming
fire
season,
which
is
great
so
it
seems
like
we
will
probably
have
some
at
least
interim
products
like
you're
leading
the
or
how
co-leading
the
process
on
the
data
side.
A
There's
another
group
that's
working
on
this
communication
and
messaging
piece,
and
so
I
think
maybe
we
should
come
back
to
reviewing
where
what
those
efforts
have
developed
or
generated,
maybe
sometime
may
or
early
june,
and
then
I
think
what
I
I
just
sent
an
email
out
to
mom
who's
been
leading
this
at
the
county.
To
ask
this
question
of
what
what
then
are
we
doing,
especially
for
those
at
most
risk
to
help
them
act
on
the
information
they're
getting
if
they're
getting
it?
And
I
I'm
interested
to
see
what
she
says
in
response.
A
B
This
is
a
good
conversation.
I
I
often
worry.
You
know
I,
my
wife
and
I
get
into
tit
for
tat.
Sometimes
when
she
asks
me
what's
the
weather
and
I
say
well,
you
know
I'm
looking
outside
and
I
said
no,
no.
What
does
it
say
on
your
phone?
I
said.
Well,
I
don't
know
what
it
says
on
the
phone,
but
that
information
is
a
dia,
and
here
we
are
in
the
west
side
of
town.
So
that's
not
going
to
help
you
too
much,
and
so
we
often
get
into
these
little
battles
about
well.
B
Where
is
the
data
actually
coming
from
that
actually
meets
my
local
need?
I
think
that's
part
of
the
problem
that
iran
has
raised
in
in
his
questions
and
and
we'll
just
keep
coming
back
to
this,
because
I
think
that's
really.
The
crux
of
the
matter,
too,
is
providing
data.
That's
locally.
Specific
and
actionable
is
the
data
that
we
now
get
that's
easy
to
access
through
apps
and
whatnot,
or
on
your
phone.
F
B
That
actually
actionable-
you
know
you
want
actionability.
Here
I
think
is.
Is
that
fair
to
say
that
maybe
it's
the
actionability
that's
in
question?
Yes,
okay,
all
right!
That's
great,
because
I
yeah
I
totally
get
that
I
totally
get
that
that's
the
debate.
We
have
at
home
all
the
time
if
we're
okay
with
this
subject
for
now
we'll
return
to
it.
Obviously
this
is
going
to
be
ongoing
all
all
year
for
us
brett.
If
you're,
okay,
we
can.
I
like
I'd
like
mike
to
introduce
himself.
B
No,
who
knows
he
dropped
off?
Oh
so
he
did
was
you're
gonna
drop
off.
B
Let's
see,
I
thought
it
was
just
my
screen
aaron,
do
you
know
that
you
are
not
visible
to
us
right
now?
Maybe
your
internet
connection.
A
B
D
All
right
guys,
my
computer,
just
complete
100,
just
died.
H
Do
but
yeah
iran
it's
nice
to
meet
you
I'm
mike
clements,
I
would
say
I
lived
in
boulder
for
about
13
years.
H
I
have
a
phd
in
so
biogeochemistry
and
I
work
for
the
national
ecological
observatory
network,
where
I
lead
the
terrestrial
science
team
for
the
national
science
foundation
and
I'm
also
a
faculty
member
at
cu.
Boulder
I've
been
on
the
board,
for
I
think
four
years.
H
This
is
my
last
year
and
yeah
and
I'm
really
interested.
I
think
you
know.
We've
talked
about
a
lot
of
things
over
the
last
over
the
last
four
years,
I'm
obviously
interested
in
our
soil
health
issues,
but
I'm
also
really
interested
in
this
urban
heat
island
issue
that
we've
been
talking
about
lately.
I
feel
like
that's
one
of
real
interest
to
me,
because
I
feel
like
I
don't
really
like
the
heat
I
hate
when
I
walk
around
downtown
in
the
summer
and
it's
super
hot
and
I
just
feel
like
that's
something.
H
That's
really
interesting
too,
because
I
feel
like
it's
something
really
local
and
actionable.
That's
probably
easy
to
make
a
noticeable
impact
to
the
community.
So
that's
one
of
the
ones
that
I've
been
excited
about
lately
and
yeah
and
I
got
a
puppy
at
the
same
time
recently
as
marty
got
and
I'm
late.
So
I
had
a
daughter
at
a
soccer
game,
sorry
so,
but
other
than
that
yeah
nice
to
meet
you
yeah
nice.
F
H
B
All
right
thanks
mike
and
we're
glad
that
you
were
able
to
make
it.
I
think
if
we
can
move
to
the
next
item,
which
is
something
that
is
going
to
be
coming
back
because
there'll
be
a
some
revisions
to
the
so
climate
action
plan.
If
you
will
here's,
the
draft
document
that
you
all
should
have
received
is
called
the
boulders
climate
commitment
document.
It's
a
form
of
an
action
plan
from
2017
and
one
thing
that
might
be
worth
doing
that
I
would
like
us
to
spend.
B
Well,
we
have
a
fair
amount
of
time.
Almost
50
minutes
is
to
maybe
discuss
a
little
bit
the
contents
of
it
so
that
we're
familiar
with
it.
So
when
we
begin
seeing
suggestions
for
how
to
update
to
the
next
version
and
brett
gave
us
some
flavor
for
that
in
a
few
meetings
ago,
and
we'll
hear
more
about
that,
I'm
sure
brett
from
you
at
least.
We
know
the
context
we
know
the
baseline
as
to
where
the
community
stands
at
least
where
it
stood
in
2017
and
still
this
is
pretty
much.
B
I
think
the
enforced
document
at
this
point
in
time,
it's
being
reconsidered.
On
some
levels
is
that
about
right,
brett,
yeah
susan,
has
a
question.
B
Miriam,
don't
worry,
maybe
you
can
pull
it
up
on
your
screens,
you
know
and
and
follow
along.
You
know
I
did
the
full
pawn
printed
out.
So
there's
a
carbon
footprint
that
I'll
bury
this
in
the
backyard
when
the
meeting
is
over
sequester
it
as
best
as
I
can,
but
the
dog
will
dig
it
up
so,
but
you
know
all
I
wanted
to
really
do
is
take
us
through
a
few
elements
in
this
and
if
that's
all
right.
G
A
And
marty-
maybe
if
you
would
maybe
I
could
take
the
lead
in
starting
the
the
walk
through
here,
because
I'd
like
to
just
provide
a
little
bit
of
context
on
this
thanks,
so
does
everybody?
Have
the
document
now
open
we're
working
on
it?
Okay?
Well,
while
you're
while
you're
pulling
that
up?
A
A
Ironically,
in
the
clinton
administration
and
the
u.s
did
not
sign
the
kyoto
protocol,
it
was
an
issue
with
congress,
not
wanting
to
endorse
signing
it.
I
think,
but
the
point
was
that
the
u.s
did
not
sign
that
international
agreement
and
there
were
other
major
countries
that
didn't
as
well
and
that's
what
really
stimulated
this
movement
of
cities
around
the
world
saying
well.
Our
government
may
not
have
signed
that,
but
we're
going
to
essentially
say
we're
signing
it,
even
though,
of
course
they
weren't
actually
signatories,
because
that
was
a
nation-state
agreement.
A
But
the
city
said
we're
going
to
make
a
commitment
to
achieving
this
emissions
reduction
goal
so
boulder
as
a
city
passed.
Its
first
resolution
regarding
that
in
2002
and
that's
when
we
committed
to
achieving
the
kyoto
agreement
now
remember
that
that
agreement
was
to
reduce
emissions
by
7
below
1990
levels
by
2012..
A
So
we
agreed
to
do
that
and
then
shortly
after
that,
it
was
by,
I
think,
2006.
We
published
our
first
emissions
inventory
and
by
the
way
boulder
was
one
of
the
first
cities
that
we
were
kind
of
in
this
early
vanguard
group
of
cities.
That
said,
we're
going
to
sign
this,
even
though
our
nation
state
hasn't,
and
so
we
signed
on
and
and
we
wrote
our
first
climate
action
plan.
A
It's
interesting
for
me
at
least
that
I
started
with
the
city
in
2013,
and
I
was
hired
to
write
the
next
generation
of
the
climate
action
plan,
because
our
first
climate
action
plan
was
tied
to
kyoto
and
the
kyoto
goal
date
had
passed,
and
that
was
the
case
for
many
other
cities
around
the
world
who
were
signing
on
to
this
kind
of
climate
action
movement
of
cities.
A
And
so
we
started
to
work
on
our
new
climate
action
plan
in
2013
and
then
in
2014
a
whole
new,
and
this
is
part
of
the
reason
why
we
didn't
get
our
climate
action
plan
done
is
in
the
nine
months.
We
thought
well
I'll
hire
this
guy
and
he'll
write
that
climate
action
plan
in
nine
months
and
we'll
move
on.
A
Well,
we
knew
that
suddenly
by
20
late
2013-14,
we
knew
that
there
was
a
whole
new
round
of
science
that
was
about
to
be
issued.
So
the
ipcc,
the
internet
intergovernmental
panel
on
climate
change,
issued
its
next
report
in
2014
and
that's
the
report
that
said
well.
Folks,
things
are
getting
a
lot
worse
and
so
we're
going
to
actually
have
to
achieve
a
much
more
ambitious
emissions
reduction
target.
A
So
now
we
need
to
be
achieving
80
emissions
reduction
by
2050..
Well,
that
was
obviously
a
huge
jump
from
a
7
emissions
reduction
to
an
80
emissions
reduction,
but
the
good
news
was
well.
We
had
until
2050
to
get
there.
So
I
remember
very
vividly
these
conversations
in
the
city
like
we
don't
really
know
what
the
pathway
to
80
emissions
reduction.
Actually
could
be
for
sure,
but
the
argument
was
well
we'll.
A
We
should
set
the
ambition
and
we
should
show
that
we're
committed
to
that
and
we
have
time
we
have
till
2050.,
and
so
that's
the
goal
around
which
this
plan
was
built,
an
80
emissions
reduction
by
2050
and
we'll
see
this
as
we
go
forward
and
meanwhile
the
city
was
putting
in
place
all
these
additional
measures.
We
started
the
energy
smart
program.
In
2010
we
issued
the
first
net
zero
building
code
trajectory
in
2014..
A
We
launched
smart
regs
in
2014,
the
the
rental
building
improvements
and
then
by
2016
we
did
the
universal
building
ordinance
for
commercial
and
industrial
spaces
and
we
continued
to
work
on
the
muni
pieces
and
then
in
20
after
this
plan
was
done
in
2018,
the
ipcc,
issued
and
well-
and
I
should
say
right
after
this
plan,
where,
right
as
we
were
getting
this
plan
done,
we
had
the
paris
climate
meetings
right,
one
of
the
most
historic
meetings
on
climate,
well,
the
most
historic
meeting
on
climate
ever
196
signatories
to
two
degrees
or
less
or
or
what
you
know,
supposedly
around
1.5
degree,
commitment
right
and
quasi
binding
well,
not
so
binding,
but
commitments.
A
A
Everything
up
to
that
point
had
been
framed
in
the
context
of
emissions
reduction
and
then
in
2018.
The
ipc
says
that
won't
be
enough.
We've
already
put
so
much
carbon
dioxide
into
the
atmosphere.
The
only
way
we
can
get
there
is
to
still
do
all
that
emissions
reduction
and
even
faster,
really
by
late
2030s.
A
We
have
to
be
down
to
that
80
percent
number
and
we
have
to
be
implementing
carbon
drawdown
sequestration
efforts
and
rapidly
growing
them
to
the
scale
that,
in
fact,
if
you
read
that
report
and
you
do
the
numbers,
it
says
that
we
have
to
create
a
carbon
drawdown
economy
that
is
as
large
as
all
of
the
fossil
fuel
industries
on
the
planet.
Today,
based
on
the
amount
of
money,
we
that
carbon
would
be
worth
to
draw
it
down
to
achieve
stabilization,
and
they
said
in
this
2018
report.
A
A
And
this,
basically,
I
think,
has
finally
fully
revealed
a
fallacy
that
we
got
started
with
in
the
very
beginning
of
the
movement
of
city-based
climate
action,
which
is
that
a
city
can
act
like
a
nation-state
which
it
ultimately,
of
course
cannot
when
we
signed
on
to
kyoto.
It
was
a
seven
percent
emissions
reduction
by
2012..
We
thought
well,
maybe
there's
enough
things
that
we
can
work
around
the
edges
that
we
have.
Control
of
that
could
achieve
that
level
of
reduction.
A
But
now
we're
talking
about
essentially
a
net
zero
goal,
a
huge
proportion
of
which
the
actions
of
which
we
don't
control.
We
don't
control
the
whole
energy
grid.
We
don't
control
the
dynamics
of
the
transportation
system
and
there
are
whole
aspects
of
the
consumption
system
by
the
way
that
are
now
implicated
in
climate
in
ways
that
weren't
before
that
we
don't
control
either.
So
the
point
I'm
reaching
is
this
part
of
what
you're
going
to
hear
from
staff
next
month?
A
As
hanan
has
been
saying
like
that,
doesn't
necessarily
work,
that's
not
the
system
that
makes
change.
It's
almost
like
that
same
old.
It's
basically
sort
of
the
myth
of
individualism
taken
to
the
city's
level.
It's
like!
Well,
if
marty
can
get
solar
panels
in
an
electric
vehicle,
then
I
guess
I
can
too
well.
A
As
we
now
look
at
this
plan
and
then
set
the
stage
for
what
we'll
be
coming
back
to
discuss
with
you
next
month,
as
we
prepare
to
go
to
council
on
june
june,
8th
yeah.
B
Just
to
add
a
little
color,
because
we're
coming
up
on
the
30th
anniversary
of
the
first
ipcc
report
called
the
far
report.
The
first
assessment
report
was
released
in
1992..
I
have
it
on
my
screen
here.
One
of
the
interesting
comments
that
was
recommendations
that
came
out
of
the
report.
This
is
the
decade
before
kyoto
was
long-lived.
B
Gases
will
require
immediate
reductions
in
their
emissions
from
human
activities
of
over
60
percent
to
stabilize
their
concentrations
at
today's
level,
1992
levels,
so
in
1990,
the
greenhouse
gas
emissions
were
on
the
tune
of
five,
my
units
right
so
like
3.5
gigatons
per
year,
or
maybe
it's
35.
I
forget
where
my
decimal
point
belongs
there
today,
they're
about
40
percent
higher,
so
rather
than
being
60
less
as
per
recommended
they're
40
percent
higher
most
of
the
increased
scales
are
global
population.
B
So,
if
you
look
at
a
graph
of
a
global
population
since
1990,
you
come
up
with
almost
the
same
ratio.
So
you
know
some
of
the
headwinds
we
have
is
that
we
have
an
ongoing
world,
that's
becoming
more
populated
and
that's
becoming
more
advanced
and
it's
in
its
use
of
fossil
fuels.
But
not
necessarily
more
somewhat
more
efficient
to
be
sure.
In
fact,
it
looks
like
by
2015
we've
almost
peaked
on
our
rate
of
emissions.
We
haven't
really
grown
that
much
globally
since
about
2015
2016.
B
A
Yes,
that's
that's
right.
I
mean
I
that
so
in
2019
I
mean
some
of
you
and
some
of
you
might
remember.
I
sent
you
a
sort
of
non-public
draft
of
an
introduction
in
january
in
2019,
the
the
un
put
out
what
they
call
the
gaap
report
to
look
at
what
the
progress
has
been
since
the
ipcc,
and
basically
it
says
that
the
gap
continues
to
be
enormous
and
that
we're
just
we're
nowhere
near
where
we
need
to
go
so
part
of
all.
A
This
is
just
to
say
globally
we're
starting
to
realize
that
this
incrementalist
approach
is
not
going
to
get
us
there
and
we
need
to
be
thinking
about
an
entirely
different
approach.
So
let
me
just
take
you
through
a
few
high
points
in
this
document,
so
that
we
can
be
able
to
contrast
with
the
one
you're
going
to
see.
Yes,
susan.
E
To
me
to
say,
boulder's,
history
and
accomplishments
to
date
with
regard
to
climate
start
in
2002,
really
kind
of
understates.
The
issue
to
me
that
since
the
60s
or
maybe
even
the
50s
boulder,
has
taken
aggressive
climate
action
in
the
form
of
an
open
space
tax
and
our
blue
line
policies
and
our
bike
paths-
and
you
know
I
I
I
think
some
reference
to
the
fact
that
yeah
this
has
been
our
response.
Since
climate
change
has
become
so
acute,
but
we
have
a
heritage
in
boulder
of
strong
climate
action.
So
that's
number
one.
E
I
I
think
that
there
should
be
some
reference
at
least
to
that
and
and
number
two.
When
I
look
at
climate
action
here,
I
don't
see
any
reference
to
the
city's
attempts
to
have
a
municipally
owned
electric
system,
which
was
going
to
be
one
of
the
biggest
things
to
contribute
and
and
voters
voted
for
that
several
times
and
it
seems
like
that
ought
to
be
captured
in
the
history
and
accomplishments.
A
Yes,
absolutely,
and
what
I
would
say
is
I
mean
I
think
some
of
us
believe
that
we
succeeded,
despite
not
realizing,
or
that
our
municipalization
efforts
succeeded
in
ways
that
we
hadn't
anticipated,
even
though
it
failed
as
a
according
to
some
in
others,
but
we
because
of
the
municipalization
effort
we
pushed
excel
to
go
far
further
than
they
would
have
and
that
they
now
have
have
created
reductions
that
are
that
are
benefiting
us
far
more
than
if
it
were
just
boulder
because
it's
across
their
entire
service
territory.
So
absolutely
susan
yeah.
A
Yeah
well
again,
I
think
this
is
a
little
bit
just
as
a
sidebar.
It's
a
little
bit
of
an
interesting
point
that
our
department
used
to
be
called
climate
and
sustainability,
which
meant
that
it
recognized
that
we
were
working
on
both
climate
things
and
other
things
that
are
not.
A
I
mean
yes
in
some
ways
you
could
say
everything
relates
to
climate,
but
then
there
are
the
things
like
ozone,
pollution
and-
and
I
think
one
of
the
interesting
dilemmas
that
I
think
we
have
in
society
right
now
is
that
in
some
cases
we've
become
so
focused
on
the
climate
piece
that
we
miss
other
local
environmental
issues
like
air
quality,
because
we're
so
focused
on
co2.
We're
not
realizing,
like
our
kids,
are
getting
asthma
because
of
ozone.
A
E
E
A
B
Just
a
quick
comment
on
this
document
or
the
document
that's
going
to
replace
it.
Sometimes
people
look
at
the
climate
change
as
something
that's
yet
to
happen
in
a
material
way.
They
always
hear
about
how
bad
things
will
be
in
the
future
and
there's
an
image
in
here,
for
example,
boulder
will
look
like
albuquerque
and
by
the
way
I
I
I
like
albuquerque,
but
I
present
that
image.
I.
B
But
that
that
point
aside
it
it
will
be
you'll,
hear
hear
more
of
this
coming
out
of
the
press
in
coming
months
is
the
verification
of
the
projections
that
were
rendered
30
years
ago
by
the
scientific
community.
Now
you
can
verify
30
years
ago,
the
forecasts
were
that
the
global
temperature
would
rise
by
one
degree
celsius
by
2025
relative
to
1990.,
as
we
sit
now
they're
up
by
about
0.85
degrees
celsius.
B
So
it's
going
to
hit
the
mark
remarkably.
Well,
the
prediction
was
that
land
would
warm
twice
as
fast
as
as
the
oceans
and
indeed
land
temperatures
have
risen
about
1.7
degrees
celsius
compared
to
oceans
which,
because
of
the
thermal
inertia
so
and
then
other
things
the
arctic
would
warm
even
more
than
the
rest
of
the
land
would
warm.
So
there
are
there.
B
There
is
a
a
skill,
a
record
of
skill
that
should
inform
the
urgency
when
the
forecasts
are
that
these
are
going
to
continue
at
a
certain
clip,
because
there
now
is
a
good
track
record
of
doing
the
science
and
doing
it
skillfully,
and
sometimes
that
gets
lost
because
we're
always
talking
about
year,
2100
or
2070
to
2100.
people
say
well,
that's
then
that's,
then
they
don't
know
what
they're
talking
about.
So
I
think
it's
space
to
be
made
here
for
establishing
a
track
record
of
guidance
that
has
come
to
pass
with
remarkable
degree
of
skill.
A
Well,
but
it
also
illustrates
another
important
point,
marty,
which
I
think
we
were
talking
about
in
a
similar
way
during
the
air
quality
discussion,
which
is
that
I
think
for
a
long
time,
there
has
been
a
presumption
that
if
we
can
just
give
people
better
information,
then
they
and
that
they
will
fully
recognize
the
degree
of
the
problem,
then
they'll
act
and
that
isn't
that's
clearly
not
the
case.
I
don't
think
that
this
is
necessarily
an
information
deficit
problem.
A
It's
in,
in
fact
the
analysis
that
we're
going
to
give
to
you
is
that
fundamentally,
it's
a
systemic
problem
when,
when
it's
your,
when
you,
when
the
easiest
and
cheapest
and
most
accessible
way
for
you
to
get
across
town
is
an
elect,
is
a
is
a
a
combustion
vehicle
and,
in
fact,
because
of
your
income
class,
you
can't
afford
a
high
efficiency
income.
Then
that's
what
you're
going
to
drive.
You
know.
H
H
G
Brett
I
want
to,
I
want
to
ask:
how
involved
is
city
of
boulder,
if
at
all,
with
the
greenhouse
gas
road
map
that
came
out
through
the
state,
and
how
does
that?
How
is
the
city
coordinating
with
that,
and
also
there's
some
bills
that
are
going
through
the
aqcc
in
the
next
month
or
so
around
the
greenhouse
gas
budgets
around
transportation?
Is
the
city
involved
with
that
at
all.
A
This
organization
called
colorado
communities
for
climate
action
cc4ca,
and
that
group
was
one
of
the
instrumental
bodies
in
helping
to
develop
and
lobby
for
that
state
level
policy,
so
part
of
what
we're
really
getting
to
is.
Yes,
we
want
to
encourage
energy
efficiency
locally.
Yes,
we
want
to
keep
pushing
our
building
codes,
but
until
and
unless
we
can
actually
change
policy
and
law
and
markets
at
state
and
national
levels,
then
people
are
going
to
keep
getting
these
perverse
incentives.
A
You
know
they're
acting
rationally
in
an
irrational
system.
Right,
that's
the
context
of
most
people's
lives,
and
I
think
that
this
this
notion
that
for
a
long
time,
decades,
frankly,
we've
been
saying:
well,
it's
all
about
personal
behavior
change.
Well,
no
people
are
acting
rationally
in
an
irrational
system.
A
So
I
think
we
we,
what
I'm
trying
to
illustrate
in
part
is
that
this
plan
was
really
developed
in
a
different
paradigm
of
thinking
around
where
we
need
to
go,
but
I
also
just
want
to
set
the
frame
so
you'll
see,
in
fact,
on
page
five,
what
our
goals
were
that
we
set
for
ourselves
during
this
plan.
This
was
the
80
emissions
reduction
by
2050
100
renewable
energy
by
2030.
A
This
was
a
part
of
what
was
the
driver
to
keep
pushing
for
the
muni
project.
There
was
no
path
by
which
excel
could
achieve
100
renewable
electricity
by
2030
at
that
time,
we'd
ask
them
repeatedly
to
do
so.
There
actually
is
now
that's
how
much
our
advocacy
and
the
systems
have
been
changing
between
now
and
then
I
do
want
to
actually
go
to
page
seven.
This
is
the
page
that
that
marty
was
saying
he
took
some
offense
to
this
this
characterization
of,
but
what
boulder
would
look
like?
A
F
A
Their
report
is
to
say
what
would
the
climatic
conditions
in
boulder
be
like
not
what
it
what
its
landscape
would
look
like,
but
by
their
projections,
our
climate
will
look
more
by
like
albuquerque's
than
what
we
customarily
experience
as
boulder
by
roughly
2050
and,
frankly,
we're
on
this
trajectory
or
an
even
more
extreme
one.
Now.
C
A
This,
in
fact,
jeff
lucas
told
me
like
this,
is
as
much
drama
as
we
can
ever
do
right.
So
I
think
one
of
the
most,
in
fact,
if
you'll
go
to
page
nine,
one
of
the
most
important
things
I
want
to
point
out
to
you
about
this
document
was
this:
was
our
effort
to
take
the
very
confusing
array
of
all
the
things
that
you
could
conceivably
do
to
be
taking
climate
action
and
distill
it
down
into
in
this
case
three
categories.
A
A
The
emissions
are
coming
from
from
energy
systems,
the
emissions
caused
by
the
consumption-based
economy
and,
frankly,
the
emissions
from
decarbonizing
living
systems.
All
the
deforestation
and
all
the
agricultural
practices
have
actually
generated
a
huge
amount
of
carbon
dioxide
into
the
atmosphere
as
well.
In
fact,
you
know
roughly,
we
would
say
that
it's
about
a
third,
a
third,
a
third
now
so
what
you'll
see
in
the
next
generation
of
the
climate
action
plan?
A
Is
these
three
categories
coming
forward
as
well
as
two
more
that
the
community
put
on
the
table
back
in
2019
when
we
launched
this
next
round
and
people
said
yeah?
We
agree
with
all
that,
except
there
are
two
more
that
you're
missing.
One
is
land
use
and
the
other
is
financial
and
economic
systems.
A
A
You
can
look
through
you'll,
see
a
lot
of
the
customary
things
of
climate
action
that
you're
that
you're
familiar
with,
because
again
most
of
it
that's,
quantifiable
and
specific
is
related
to
energy
systems,
because
that's
what
most
climate
action
had
been
up
until
around
2017
is
that
we
did
pioneer
another
thing
in
this
plan,
which
was
as
sad
as
it
is
to
say:
equity
like
we
and
it
was
again
through
community
input.
A
So
I
had
more
that
I
was
going
to
show
you,
but
just
given
the
time
tonight,
I
think
I'll
stop
there
and
if
there
are
any
questions
I
mean
one
of
the
things
again.
You'll
notice
is
that
there's
a
lot
of
detail
around
energy
system
stuff
and
then
you
start
to
get
down
into
the
resource
piece,
and
it's
like
well
that
sort
of
looks
like
your
zero
waste
program
is
like
yep.
A
That's
our
zero
waste
program,
trying
to
figure
out
how
it's
going
to
be
more
related
to
climate,
and
then
you
get
into
the
ecosystems
and
that'll
be
like
well,
that's
pretty
vague
and
you're
like
yup.
That's
right!
We
were
just
starting
to
think
about
it
and
you'll
get
a
lot
more
detail.
I
think
about
those
two
segments
in
this
next
round
of
climate
planning,
so
yeah,
maybe
well
yeah.
I
think
I'll.
Stop
there.
Iron
on.
D
Yeah,
so
so
this
is
like
a
historical
document
like
this
is
what
so,
I
guess,
are
there
any
ideas
being
floating
around
as
to
what
the
new
approaches
should
be
with?
Like
you
said,
you
know,
this
is
more
like
a
global
problem,
not
really
there's.
No,
I
mean
there's
only
so
much
a
city
can
do
especially
now
when
you
know
these
goals
need
to
be
more
aggressive,
so
what
ideas
are
floating
around
in
in
terms
of
what
to
do
what's?
What's?
Is
there
any
path
for
a
plan
or
yeah,
so.
A
In
short,
I
guess
what
I
would
say
is
that
we
have
to
move
towards
more
at
least
state
scale
strategies
than
local
like
energy
systems
change.
For
example,
we
have
to
have
the
utilities
being
driven
by
the
public
utilities
commission
to
change
it
across
their
whole
service
territory
versus
trying
to
do
it
inside
boulder.
So
I'll
give
you
a
really
good
example.
A
In
this
case,
in
2014
or
15,
we
launched
one
of
the
first
efforts
to
look
at
how
we
would
facilitate
transitioning
houses
off
of
natural
gas,
and
so
we
ran
a
whole
series
of
pilot
programs.
We
pumped
up
the
incentives,
a
lot
higher
from
the
city
and
the
county
and
coordinated
with
utilities
to
try
to
encourage
people
to
get
heat
pumps
so
that
they
could
replace
their
natural
gas
furnaces,
and
we
learned
a
number
of
really
important
things.
One
is
if
you
make
the
incentives
high
enough.
A
So-
and
you
know-
and
we
need
to
be
at
the
scale
of
like
1500
to
2000
change
outs
a
year
to
be
anywhere
close
to
being
on
track
and
we
ran
into
a
bunch
of
other
things
like
well
before
I
can
even
spend
the
six
thousand
dollars
to
get
a
heat
pump.
My
house
doesn't
have
my.
I
have
a
1961
house,
it
has
a
100,
amp
circuit
or
panel,
like
that.
I
do
not
have
the
electrical
infrastructure
capable
of
being
electrified.
A
So
how
would
we
do
that?
Are
we
going
to
put
the
cost
of
that?
What
we
would
estimate
per
household
to
be
probably
20,
plus
thousand
dollars
to
electrify
a
house
on
the
back
of
a
single
owner,
or
are
we
going
to
say?
No?
This
is
a
social
cost
that
we
need
to
figure
out
a
social
financing
strategy
around
the
easiest,
which
of
which
would
be
to
simply
say
to
the
utility.
A
You
must
now
take
responsibility
for
helping
upgrade
every
house
and
we're
going
to
negotiate
with
you
a
rate
basing
so
that
you
can
stretch
that
cost
across
30
years,
and
then
everybody
will
just
get
it
done.
It's
the
easy
thing
you
don't
have
to
think
about
it.
I
don't
have
to
pick
a
contractor.
The
utility
is
going
to
take
care
of
it
and
guess
what
it's
going
to
grow
their
load,
it's
going
to
be
great
for
them
in
the
long
term,
but
and
we
can
spread
that
cross
across
the
whole.
D
A
Immediately,
it's
not
going
to
happen
so
we're
it's
a
brand
new
territory.
I
would
say
there
are
not
very
many
places
who
are
yet
have
yet
made
this
shift,
but
that's
the
kind
of
direction
we're
going
and
what
what
that
will
create.
The
space
for,
I
believe,
is
for
us
to
stop
expecting
like
will.
Thornton
and
westminster
and
lakewood
suddenly
adopt
a
net
zero
by
2035
gold,
not
even
close,
but
would
they
join
in
an
effort
to
get
the
public
utilities
commission
to
simply
make
the
utilities
move
that
they
probably
could
do?
B
A
question
brad,
if
I
could
ask
roughly
half
I've
seen
the
estimates
be
45
to
60
percent
of
of
our
carbon
emissions
is
related
to
mobility
and
the
other
combustion
engine.
As
I
understand
it,
from
looking
at
a
website
link
to
the
city
of
boulder,
we
have
about
50
public
elect
40
to
50
public
electric
charging
stations
as
of
20
20
21.
B
people,
even
if
those
people
who
who
can't
afford
such
a
car
electric
car
still
more
expensive
but
not
entirely
depends
if
you're
willing
to
go
for
a
smaller
one
will
say.
Well,
I
don't
want
to
be
in
such
a
smaller
car,
because
once
I
leave
the
city
limits
and
I'm
driving
down
highway
36
or
I'm
doing
some
long
distance
driving.
B
I
want
a
vehicle,
that's
big
and
safe.
For
my
family,
I
wanted
to
ride
high.
I
want
it
to
be
like
a
like
a
truck.
There
aren't
many
electric
vehicles
that
are
that
scale,
which
is
probably
just
as
well,
because
it
would
take
more
energy
to
build
an
electric
vehicle
that
scale
that
kind
of
starts
defeating
some
other
purposes.
B
How
do
you?
How
do
you
see
the
city
confronting
the
the
issue
of
the
gas
combustion
engine
via
strategies
revolving
around
electric
charging,
station
availability
and
also
just
so
this?
This
I
mean
this
is
part
of
the
systemic
problem.
You
you
raise
it.
We
are
a
culture
that
has
gotten
a
tune
to
be
able
to
buy
cheap,
very
large
cars
that
that
hold
25
gallons
of
gasoline.
So
you
can
drive
500
miles
without
refueling,
which
you
generally
can't
do
yet
with
an
ev,
so
where's
the
city
strategy
around
that.
A
Well,
so
a
couple
of
things
what's
what's
interesting
about
the
stimulus
package
that
biden's
trying
to
get
past
is
that
it
will
have
massive
investments
in
ev
infrastructure
and
and
then,
as
you
know,
the
the
whole
car
makers
field
has
taken
huge
leaps
just
recently,
so
was
it
gm
that
came
out
that
said
that
they
won't
sell
an
internal
combustion
engine
after
2035
vw
says
now
2030.,
so
that
field
is
going
to
move
quickly.
The
in
fact
a
field
that's
moving
much
more
rapidly
than
we
thought
it
would.
A
A
A
For
us,
there
is
going
to
be
a
huge
amount
of
climate
change
and
there's
and
that's
going
to
have
a
very
significant
amount
of
impacts
all
over
the
place
and
that
we're
increasingly
going
to
be
compelled
to
consider
where
to
put
our
public
resources
between
actions
that
are
sort
of
benefiting
a
global
objective
of
reducing
emissions
and
stabilizing
climate
and
actions
which
are
trying
to
prepare
our
community
for
these
now
inevitable
disruptions
and
stressors
that
are
going
to
just
be
a
part
of
trying
to
live
through
this
period.
A
So
I
think
that's
one
of
the
things
that-
and
several
of
you
have
been
mentioning
through
the
evening-
this
issue
of
resilience.
It's
one
of
the
ones
that
it's
an
issue
that
eab,
I
think,
should
be
paying
very
close
attention
to
the
city
had
a
resilience
initiative
that
started
in
2014
and
it
basically
has
expired,
partly
because
of
a
whole
series
of
other
staff
transitions
and
things.
But
it's
an
area
that
we
need
to,
and
we
know
this
in
the
city.
A
B
So
the
fires,
if
you
know,
when
you
think
of
resilience,
which
is
sort
of
like
an
ability
to
bounce
back
from
from
a
bad
blow,
the
ability
to
recover
from
from
a
disaster
floods
are
going
to
be
localized.
The
whole
city
is
going
to
end
up
under
water
in
a
flood.
You
know
we're
pretty
aware
of
our
floodplain
and
there'll,
be
some
flooding
damages,
but
it's
fire
that
to
me
and,
and
that
may
or
may
not
be
climate
change
induced
fire.
B
We
we
have
population
built
out
and
growth
into
into
the
urban
core,
the
wuhi
region.
So
whatever
triggers
it,
it's
it's
fire
that
concerns
me.
If
fire
rages
through
this
city,
it
could
certainly
be
at
the
scale
of
the
city,
and
then
you
deal
with
not
just
a
built
structure
concern,
but
the
environment
that's
been
devastated
by
a
fire
that
is,
that
goes
uncontrolled.
A
Checking
in
this
one
of
the
things
that
we're
starting
to
realize
is
that
we
have
to
be
much
more
attentive
to
the
kinds
of
actions
that
can
be
intersectional
to
both
reducing
emissions
and
supporting
stabilizing
climate
and
helping
us
be
resilient
to
change,
and
one
of
those
places,
as
it
turns
out,
is
in
managing
carbon
out
of
the
atmosphere
into
living
systems
in
ways
that
increase
our
ability
to
hold
more
water
and
create
more
sort
of
both
high
moisture-wise
and
temperature-wise
buffered
environments.
A
And
so
because,
there's
a
there's.
A
close
relationship
now
might
correct
me
if
I'm
wrong,
but
there's
a
close
relationship
between
carbon
and
water.
The
more
carbon
a
natural
system
can
integrate
into
itself
the
more
water
it
can
hold
and
the
more
water
it
can
hold
the
more
life
it
can
create
that
then
buffers
more
and
that,
ultimately,
we
can
actually
potentially
have
a
sort
of
buffering
effect
even
at
the
local
climatic
level.
A
Yeah,
well
just
to
follow
the
fire
theme
too
again
and
for
you
mike.
I
think
one
of
the
things
that
we
need
to
be
thinking
about
is
the
more
moist.
We
can
keep
our
local
environment,
the
less
inclined
it
is
to
these
kind
of
extreme
fire
events,
and
so
mike.
Do
you
think
that
I
have
accurately
characterized
the
sort
of
soil
carbon
water
relationships
or
would
you
since
you're
the
soil
scientist
among
us.
H
No,
I
mean,
I
think,
you're
pretty
accurate,
so
organic
matter
definitely
increases
water,
holding
capacity
right
and
fertility
and
subsequently
creates
vegetation
which
can
reduce
the
urban
heat
island
yeah.
No,
I
think
it's
yeah,
I
mean
you
can
drill
down
into
parts
of
it,
but
that's
generally
that,
that's
generally
it
right.
A
And
so
one
thing
I
wanted
to
come
back
to
mike
that
you
had
said
earlier
today.
I
I
do
want
to
pick
the
urban
heat
island
piece
back
up
again,
and
maybe
I
should
say
this
while
for
hernan's
also
the
there's
been
a
bit
of
a
change
in
the
culture
of
the
environment,
of
the
advisory
board
process
in
the
city.
So
in
the
past
citizen
advisory
boards
were
especially,
you
know,
there
are
quasi
you,
they
call
them
quasi
judicial
boards,
like
planning
board.
A
That
literally
has
the
right
to
say
something
can
proceed
or
not
proceed.
That's
not
the
environmental
advisory
board.
It's
not
the
parks
and
rec
board
you're,
not
a
quasi
judicial
board,
you're
an
advisory
board.
That
means
that
in
the
past
it's
meant
you
operate
for
the
benefit
of
counsel
and
to
give
staff
feedback,
and
in
that
context,
in
the
past,
you
wouldn't
as
a
board,
take
initiative
on
things.
A
You
would
simply
respond
to
the
things
that
are
brought
to
you
for
comment
or
feedback
in
somewhat
more
recently,
some
members,
in
fact,
a
few
of
them
from
this
board.
Our
past
environmental
advice
board
said:
look.
We
have
a
lot
of
expertise
that
can
be
of
benefit
to
this.
The
city
and
miriam
has
actually
been
proving
this
in
spades
that
if
you
let
us
take
some
initiative,
we
can
actually
further
your
work,
and
so
in
some
ways
the
city
has
been
starting
to
kind
of
loosen
the
reins
a
little
bit
for
advisory
boards.
A
A
I
think
it
would
actually
be
timely
for
us
to
invite
him
to
come
to
the
environmental
advisory
board
and
and
to
have
a
discussion
about
urban
heat
as
an
issue
and
one
of
the
things
that
we
were
talking
about,
though,
marty
and
I's,
it
might
be
useful
for
us
to
look
back
at
the
information
we
had
gathered
and
the
recommendations
that
we
had
as
a
as
a
sort
of
precursor
to
inviting
him
to
come
to
that
meeting.
To
say,
like
we've
done
this
work,
here's
some
recommendations.
A
We
came
forward
with
we'd
like
to
talk
to
you
about
how
you
might
see
you
know
working
on
this
issue,
so.
D
A
Yeah,
oh
while
you're
coughing
mike,
I
I
mean
I'm
embarrassed
to
say
this,
so
the
work
we
did
on
that
preceded
heidi
who
you
know,
is
remarkable
at
keeping
things
organized,
but
she
wasn't
here
for
that.
It
was
with,
I
think,
when
delaney
was
with
us
and
she's
no
longer
with
us.
If
you
have
any
of
that
information
that
you
had
gathered
during
that
period
of
time,
that
you
can
help
me,
I'm
trying
to
figure
out
where
to
collect
what
we
did.
I.
G
D
B
Okay,
I
just
want
to
say
one
more
thing
about
the
fire
because
we're
at
the
150th
anniversary
of
the
most
devastating
fire
in
america
that
cost
more
lives
than
any
fire
has
ever
caused
in
america
and
to
me
it's
a
lesson
for
something
else.
For
us
to
be
very
aware
of
that
number
one
is
this
fire
one
community,
the
name
of
the
community
might
recognize.
The
name
is
pestigo.
B
Peshtigo
is
not
far
from
where
I
went
to
school,
but
peshtigo
was
a
community
of
about
1700
people
of
which
800
died
in
a
fire.
A
river
ran
through
that
town
called
the
peshtigo
river
for
which
people
fled
you'll,
see
artwork.
Still
to
this
day
about
the
devastation
people
were
burned
in
their
attempt
to
get
to
the
river.
Even
in
the
river
they
didn't
survive.
The
fire
didn't
happen
in
the
middle
of
summer.
It
happened
in
october,
it
didn't
happen
in
the
west.
It
happened
in
in
the
upper
midwest,
a
relatively
humid
moist
landscape.
B
It
happened
because
well,
there
was
an
incredible
storm
that
triggered
winds
that
were
on
the
order
of
50
miles
an
hour
that
persisted
for
two
days
and
there
had
been
clearing.
The
recent
agricultural
act
had
promoted
the
clearing
of
forested
lands
in
door
county
and
that
green
bay
area,
in
which
a
lot
of
the
landscape
was
littered
with
debris
of
of
trees
and
so
forth.
It
dried
over
months
and
years
that
was
convenient
once
ignited.
B
This
is
not
too
far
from
our
situation
in
our
own
backyard.
So
while
we
can
talk
about
moist
landscapes
and
irrigated
activities
and
canopies
in
our
city,
believe
you
me
if
we
end
up
with
a
weather
situation
in
which
you
have
sustained
winds
of
30
to
50
miles
an
hour
for
a
couple
of
days
and
a
fire
is
triggered
in
the
dry
ecosystem
to
our
west,
which
is
always
going
to
be
dry
and
only
getting
drier.
B
B
The
fires
on
the
east
side
of
green
bay
were
triggered
by
embers
that
came
from
the
west
side
of
green
bay,
so
the
scale
by
which
fire
spreads
is
just
absolutely
remarkable,
and
so
that's
why.
I
fear
that,
in
terms
of
resilience,
we're
not
aware
that
we're
focused
too
much
on
our
locality,
which
is
important.
B
We
live
it
locally.
We
have
to
make
that
a
good
environment,
but
the
risk
is
not
necessarily
for
fires
that
are
sort
of
local,
but
it's
wind,
driven
fires
that
are
triggered
many
tens
of
miles
away,
even
on
the
other
side
of
the
continental
divide
potentially,
and
we
saw
that
last
fall
for
sure.
Yes,
we
did
so.
Hence
I
say
you
know
some
of
our
built
structures.
You
know:
can
we
make
them
more
resilient
to
embers
that
come
floating
and
drifting
downwards?
A
Well,
I
promise
you
hanan
that
it
isn't
always
quite
this
apocalyptic
in
the
environmental
advisory
board,
but
I
think
you
know
this
is
an
important
moment,
as
we
think
about
this
next
stage
of
what
the
city
should
be
focused
on
focusing
on
to
bring
forward
these
kinds
of
of
issues
and
concerns.
So
we're.
B
At
eight
o'clock,
I
guess
we
should
call
for
an
adjournment
unless
there's
a
last
word.
H
D
Do
it
really
quick,
so
we
can
yeah
yeah?
My
name
is
fernan
villanueva.
I
I'm
originally
from
peru.
I
came
here
when
I
was
17
to
kansas
to
study
engineering
and
then
after
I
graduated,
I
came
to
cu
boulder
to
get
my
phd
and
I've
been
living
here
since
then.
So
I've
been
here
for
like
a
decade.
Almost
a
decade
now
and
currently,
I'm
working
for
a
lab
in
california
and
mine
was
working.
D
I
was
able
to
work
out
a
deal
where
you
know
work
from
colorado,
so
that's
nice
and,
as
I
told
everybody
else
like
I'm
interested
in
near
net
zero
residential
homes
and
buildings,
you
know
just
try
to
improve
the
efficiency
of
new
construction
through
building
code
and
to
also
work
in
a
way
that,
if
we
implement
any
program
like
brett
said,
you
know
not
only
be
like
this
light
on
the
hill,
but
actually
be
able
to
reproduce
this
across
other
cities.
D
H
I
Yeah
mary
reminder:
I'm.
B
I
To
interrupt,
I
sent
an
email
out
to
eav
on
monday
that
had
two
sessions
for
boards
and
commissions
trainings.
They
are
meant
to
onboard
the
new
board
members,
but
all
board
members
are
invited
and
for
tomorrow
april,
8th
from
6
to
9..
I
The
second
one
is
scheduled
for
this
saturday
from
9
00
to
noon,
and
I
did
send
an
email
out
to
everyone
with
the
information.
But
if
you
have
any
questions,
let
me
know.
B
B
So
I
guess
to
close
the
meeting:
do
we
adjourn
with
a
second
to
formally
close
the
meeting.
D
B
F
B
Next
meeting
is
scheduled
for
wednesday
may
5th.
According
to
my
notes
and
hope
to
see
you
all,
then,
just
as
a
quick
will,
we
expect
to
maybe
go
any
more
through
the
climate
action
plan
than
the
2017
draft,
because
not
everyone
had
seen
it.
Maybe
we
can
add
that
to
the
agenda
just
to
cover
bases
that
perhaps
we
didn't
do
enough
in
this
meeting.
Does
that
seem
reasonable,
just
as
a
think
ahead
a
little
bit
that
we
might
still
touch
bases
on
that?
B
Okay,
good
enough
see,
you
all
have
a
great
rest
of
the
week.
Thank.