►
From YouTube: Answering 20 Questions about COVID-19 (CDC)
Description
As of March 2020, the international outbreak of COVID-19 poses a serious public health threat. The federal government is working closely with state, local, tribal, and territorial partners, as well as public health partners, to respond to this public health threat. The public health response is multi-layered, with the goal of containing the spread and mitigating the impact of this virus. During this special webinar from CDC EPIC, Dr. Jay Butler shared the current state of the outbreak, what CDC is doing to respond to the outbreak, and how partners, organizations, and the public can help.
For more information regarding the impact of the COVID-19 outbreak in Cupertino, please visit https://www.cupertino.org/coronavirus
The City of Cupertino would like to express thanks to the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) for the use of their video materials during the COVID-19 pandemic. Additional video materials can be found at the CDC's YouTube channel at https://www.youtube.com/user/CDCStreamingHealth/featured. The use of these materials does not constitute an endorsement by the CDC, ATSDR, HHS, or the United States Government of the City of Cupertino.
A
C
Good
afternoon
and
welcome
to
a
special
presentation
about
coronavirus
disease
2019,
our
kovat
19
today
we're
going
to
answer
some
common
questions
about
the
outbreak,
I'm
Loretta
Lepore
and
today
I'm,
representing
CDC's
emergency
partners,
information
connection,
the
epic
team.
We
have
dr.
Jay
Butler
with
us
today,
dr.
Butler
is
CDC's
deputy
director
for
infectious
diseases.
In
this
capacity
he
provides
leadership
to
the
efforts
of
CDC's
three
infectious
disease
national
centers
and
helps
advance
the
agency's
cross-cutting
infectious
disease
priorities.
Welcome
dr.
Butler.
It's.
C
We
begin
I
wanted
to
point
out
that
dr.,
Butler
and
I
are
sitting
6
feet
apart.
We're
doing
this
because
we're
comporting
with
CDC's
guidance
on
social
distancing,
and
we
would
ask
all
of
you
out
there
watching
to
embrace
the
same
guidance.
We've
got
a
lot
of
questions
to
get
down
to
today.
So
let's
get
started
with
today's
questions.
Are
you
ready
dr.
Butler
I'm.
C
D
The
outbreak
is
something
that
started
only
three
months
ago
and
it's
an
important
part
of
the
discussion
to
recognize
that
we
are
talking
about
a
virus
and
a
disease
that
we
didn't
even
know
existed
only
three
months
ago.
So
it's
really
remarkable
how
much
has
advanced
and
how
much
has
changed
over
that
brief
period
of
time.
The
emergence
of
this
new
corona
virus
occurred
in
central
China
and
for
the
first
few
weeks
it
spread
within
China,
but
more
recently
it
has
really
spread
globally.
D
About
three
weeks
ago
we
began
seeing
a
significant
number
of
cases
occurring
outside
of
China
that
were
reflecting
local
transmission
and
at
that
point
we
began
to
see
each
day
more
cases
outside
of
China
than
in
China.
During
the
past
few
days,
we've
actually
exceeded.
Now
the
total
number
of
cases
occur
globally.
Less
than
half
have
occurred
in
China,
so
we're
seeing
significant
transmission
really
all
around
the
world.
D
C
D
So
when
the
epidemic
first
started
a
lot
of
the
approach
to
slow
the
spread
and
even
prevent
the
entry
into
the
United
States
for
as
long
as
possible,
focused
on
containment
measures
and
that
focused
primarily
on
travelers
early
on
the
cases
that
occurred
outside
of
China
occurred
either
in
people
who
were
exposed
in
China,
traveled
out
became
ill
after
they
returned
home
or
in
their
household
contacts.
In
some
situations,
there's
been
further
spread
within
communities,
and
this
is
not
unexpected.
D
C
D
Now
had
cases
reported
from
all
50
states,
also
from
Puerto
Rico,
the
US
Virgin,
Islands
and
Guam.
So
as
we
talk
about
where
we
are
in
the
pandemic,
it's
important
to
recognize.
It
is
a
global
pandemic.
Now
so
well,
we'll
talk
more
about
travel,
I'm
sure
it's
important
to
think
about
what's
happening
in
our
own
communities.
One.
C
Of
the
questions
I
wanted
to
get
back
to
was
about
you
mentioned
the
elderly,
and
this
is
a
population
that
is
at
risk
and
is
vulnerable
to
this
disease.
Can
you
explain
a
little
bit
more
about
that
and
how
families
should
be
interacting
with
with
their
elder
or
elderly
relatives
at
this
point
in
time?
Yes,.
D
And
this
really
was
is
something
that's
been
observed
since
the
beginning
of
the
epidemic
in
China
and
we're
now
seeing
it
in
the
United
States
as
well.
The
people
at
highest
risk
of
severe
infection
are
those
who
are
older,
particularly
those
who
are
over
age.
80
meant
more
than
half
of
the
deaths
that
we've
seen
in
the
United
States
have
been
among
people
who
live
in
long-term
care
facilities,
but
then
also
people
who
have
chronic
heart
conditions,
lung
disease,
kidney
failure
or
diabetes
for
families.
D
Grandparents.
This
is
probably
not
a
good
time
for
the
grandkids
to
run
and
give
Grandma
and
Grandpa
a
big
hug
and
a
kiss.
This
may
be
a
better
time
for
a
phone
call
for
a
video
chat
if
those
type
of
technologies
are
not
available.
Even
coming
by,
if
possible
and
waving
through
the
window,
just
to
be
able
to
maintain
that
social
contact
is
important.
D
One
of
the
challenges
when
we
talk
about
social
distancing
is
we
don't
want
social
isolation
and
it's
it
can
be
very
challenging
because
we
know,
particularly
for
our
elders,
having
that
connectivity
with
family
is
very
important
to
mental
health
as
well,
but
at
least
for
a
period
of
time.
It's
important
that
we
do
things
a
little
differently
and
make
sure
that
we
keep
our
elders
safe.
D
It
also
is
probably
a
good
time
to
reconsider,
visiting
elderly
people
who
live
in
long-term
care
facilities,
because
those
seem
to
be
situations
that
are
at
particular
risk
and
most
important
is,
if
you
have
any
symptoms
of
a
respiratory
illness.
Please
do
not
be
in
contact
with
people
who
are
elderly
or
have
underlying
heart,
lung
kidney
disease
or
diabetes
and.
C
D
C
D
People
we're
talking
about
a
mild
illness.
The
vast
majority
of
people
will
not
require
an
interaction
with
a
healthcare
provider
or
certainly
not
an
admission
to
the
the
hospital
in
particularly
for
younger
people
and
especially
children.
The
illness
may
be
very
mild,
so
it's
one
of
the
challenges
in
controlling
it
is
that
the
spread
may
occur
from
people
have
really
minimal
symptoms,
there's
even
some
evidence
that
it
may
spread
from
people
who
have
no
symptoms
at
all
or
who
have
not
yet
developed
the
symptoms.
D
So
that
can
be
a
major
challenge
and
one
of
the
reasons
why
social
distancing
may
be
the
right
thing
to
do
right
now,
because
it's
easy
to
say
if
you're
sick
stay
home,
but
it
is
possible
that
people
who
are
not
yet
sick
may
be
able
to
transmit
the
virus
as
well.
I
think
it's
safe
to
assume
that
if
you're
sick,
you
are
in
the
have
kovat
19,
that
is
the
the
person
who
is
most
infectious,
but
there
there
may
be
more
to
it
than
that.
D
C
D
And
this
is
a
new
corona
virus.
I
frequently
hear
people
say
well,
corona
virus
is
not
new
and
the
family
of
corona
viruses
is
not
new,
so
oftentimes
household
disinfectants
will
say
it
that
it
deactivates
coronavirus,
that's
correct,
but
there's
several
coronaviruses
that
have
been
known
for
years.
They
cause
relatively
mild
symptoms.
The
other
end
of
the
spectrum
there's
also
the
corona
viruses
that
cause
SARS
and
one
that
causes
Middle
East
respiratory
syndrome,
something
called
MERS.
Those
are
more
severe
illnesses.
D
So
there's
a
lot
that
we
know
about
corona
viruses
from
those
diseases,
but
we're
learning
a
lot,
because
this
is
a
unique
corona
virus
that
we've
never
seen
before.
It's
also
important
to
recognize,
there's
a
whole
world
of
corona
viruses
out
there
that
infect
other
animals
and,
for
instance,
if
you've
ever
looked
closely
your
veterinary
bill,
you
may
have
seen
a
charge
for
corona
virus
vaccine.
That's
actually
a
vaccine
that
is
for
a
different
type
of
corona
virus.
So
there's
no
evidence
that
those
type
of
vaccines
would
provide
protection
against
the
kovat
19
virus.
So.
C
D
It
appears
that
the
vast
majority
of
infections
are
transmitted
by
respiratory
droplet
and
what
I
mean
by
that
is
that
the
virus
infects
the
respiratory
tract,
including
the
upper
respiratory
tract.
So
if
I
cough
or
sneeze,
the
spray
that's
produced
will
contain
the
viruses
and
they
will
fall
as
they
travel
away
from
me.
That's
why
we're
6
feet
apart?
D
So
it's
also
important
to
be
able
to
clean
surfaces
with
standard
household
disinfectants,
particularly
frequently
touch
surfaces,
so
that's
things
like
doorknobs
and
phones
and
even
tabletops,
because
the
virus
may
be
able
to
survive
for
a
period
of
minutes
even
hours,
and
that
provides
opportunity
for
the
hands
to
become
contaminated
and
there's
where
we
get
to
some
of
the
basic
recommendations.
It's
important
to
wash
your
hands
for
at
least
20
seconds
with
soap
and
water,
or
use
that
alcohol-based
hand
cleaner.
That
contains
at
least
60%
alcohol.
D
C
We
don't
think
on
a
daily
basis.
How
often
we
touch
our
faces,
and
with
this
outbreak
you
become
much
more
cognizant
of
that
and
have
to
be
more
cognizant
of
that
one
of
the
things
that
I've
heard
just
you
know
anecdotally
the
way
that
people
are
determining
how
long
to
wash
their
hands
is
they
sing
happy
birthday
twice.
Yes,.
D
C
D
C
D
D
In
other
words,
if
the
we
had
say
10,000
people
in
a
community
who
became
sick
if
they
all
get
sick
over
a
two-week
period,
that
could
overwhelm
the
healthcare
system
and
really
shut
everything
down
for
a
period
a
period
of
time
and
put
lives
at
risk.
If
it's
10,000
cases
over
a
period
of
three
to
four
months,
that
may
be
something
the
community
can
manage.
Society
can
continue
and
also
the
health
care
system
could
be
robust
to
be
able
to
take
care
of
people
who
might
have
more
severe
symptoms.
D
So
when
will
it
run
its
full
course?
We
don't
know
for
sure.
As
we
look
at
influenza
pandemics
oftentimes,
they
begin
to
abate
after
12
to
18
months.
You
also
raise
a
question
that
you
haven't
asked,
but
I
bet
many
of
our
viewers
are
wondering
because
they've
heard
about
it
is,
is
this
say
an
infection
that
will
go
away
in
the
summer
time?
We
know
that
influenza
generally
does
go
away.
We
know
from
the
pandemic
of
2009.
Although
the
virus
first
emerged
and
there
were
many
infections
late
in
the
springtime.
D
There
was
then
a
law
through
the
summer
months.
We
don't
know
about
this
corona
virus,
yet
so,
while
it
would
be
optimistic
to
think
we're
going
to
get
a
break
in
the
summer
time,
we'll
have
more
time
to
prepare
for
what
may
come
in
the
fall.
It's
important
to
recognize,
as
we've
said
earlier,
this
is
a
virus
that
we
didn't
know
existed
three
months
ago
and
we
really
don't
know
yet
how
it'll
be
influenced
by
the
warmer
months
in
the
northern
hemisphere.
One.
C
Of
the
points
you
raised
was
about
the
stress
on
the
healthcare
infrastructure
of
our
nation,
and
while
we
do
have
one
of
the
best
systems
in
the
world,
heavy
a
heavy
burden
on
that
infrastructure
could
present
some
problems
and
so
I
wonder
if
you
might
address
when
people
should
visit
an
ER
when
people
should
visit
a
doctor's
office
and
should
they
call
ahead
to
their
doctor
before
going
into
the
office
I
think
that
would
be
helpful
for
folks
at
home,
but
also
be
helpful
to
the
health
care
providers
that
are
triaging.
These
cases
yeah.
D
Well,
first
of
all,
I
think
it's
important
to
acknowledge
just
the
heroic
job
being
done
by
health
care
providers
all
over
the
country
right
now,
particularly
in
those
communities
that
have
been
most
heavily
impacted
in
parts
of
the
country.
The
health
care
system
is
already
stressed
to
the
breaking
point,
and
people
are
working
long
hours
under
very
difficult
conditions
in
terms
of
the
healthcare
system
and
how
we
can
best
keep
it
resilient.
D
It's
important
that
plans
are
put
in
place
which
are
generally
there
in
each
hospital
I
mean
many
hospitals
have
done
tabletop
exercises
of
what
to
do
in
a
flu
pandemic.
Those
plans
are
still
very
useful
in
this
situation,
even
though
this
is
a
virus,
that's
very
different
from
influenza,
so
things
like
elective
procedures
or
office
visits
that
might
be
able
to
be
deferred
until
particularly
several
weeks
or
months
down
the
road.
This
is
the
right
time
to
do
that
so
for
the
general
public
that
involves
some
patience
and
flexibility
to
understand.
D
If
an
elective
surgery
is
being
rescheduled
or
a
visit,
your
provider
is
being
bumped
further
down.
The
the
schedule
understand
that
this
is
part
of
how
we
keep
the
health
care
system
robust
to
be
able
to
take
care
of
those
people
who
do
get
very
sick
with
kovat
19
in
terms
of
people
who
become
ill
with
respiratory
illnesses.
Two
thoughts
on
that.
First
of
all,
we
are
still
in
the
the
flu
season,
so
most
likely
it'll
be
something
other
than
kovat
19.
D
If
it
is
kovin
19,
the
vast
majority
of
people
will
have
relatively
mild
illness.
So
it's
important
that
just
everybody
with
runny
nose
doesn't
come
running
into
the
emergency
department.
It's
wise,
though,
to
be
on
alert
for
the
more
severe
symptoms,
so
a
very
high
fever,
shortness
of
breath,
tightness
or
fullness
in
the
chest.
Those
are
the
kind
of
things
that
may
reflect
that
there's
a
more
serious
manifestation
and
if
those
develop
pick
up
the
phone
call
either
your
provider
or
the
emergency
department
in
advance.
D
Of
course,
if
there
are
symptoms
of
a
life-threatening
problem,
whether
it
be
Kovan
19
or
the
tightness
in
the
chest
as
a
heart
call
911,
because
those
things
are
still
going
to
happen
and
that's
an
important
component
of
why
maintaining
the
robust
responsiveness
of
the
healthcare
system
is
important,
because
kovat
19
will
not
prevent
people
from
falling
down
the
stairs
and
breaking
bones,
it
will
not
prevent
automobile
accidents.
There
are
going
to
continue
to
be
traumatic
events
that
occur
and
acute
illnesses
that
occur
that
have
nothing
to
do
with
the
pandemic.
C
A
good
reminder
that
our
health
care
professionals
and
ers
across
the
country
are
also
triaging
a
host
of
other
medical
conditions,
in
addition
to
kovat
19,
absolutely
I'm,
going
to
shift
gears
just
a
little
bit
here,
because
we've
got
a
lot
of
questions.
The
next
question
we
have
is,
should
Americans
be
concerned
about
traveling
to
other
countries
or
about
travelers
from
other
countries
coming
to
the
United
States.
Well,.
D
I
think
in
general,
let
me
just
start
by
saying
this
is
not
the
best
time
to
travel
and
at
the
CDC
website,
CDC
gov,
slash,
covin
19.
You
can
find
links
then
to
advice
to
travelers.
There
are
a
number
of
countries
where
we
recommend
that
anyone
who
is
considering
travel
seriously
considered
delay
in
it
unless
it's
somehow
essential
travel.
D
China
has
been
in
that
category
for
a
couple
of
months
now,
but
that's
expanded
now
to
include
South
Korea,
Iran,
really,
all
26
nations
of
the
European
Union,
the
United
Kingdom,
and
also
Ireland
also
people
who
travel
anywhere
in
the
world.
We
recommend,
if
you
were
at
risk
of
more
severe
kovat,
19l
'no
sand.
That
would
be
people
who
are
older
people
with
underlying
heart,
lung
kidney
disease
or
diabetes.
It's
going
to
be
best
to
defer
that
travel.
We
also
recommend
that
no
one
should
be
traveling
on
cruise
liners
right
now.
D
C
Individuals
coming
back
into
the
country
we've
seen
some
new
advisories
go
up
recently.
We've
heard
a
lot
about
transmission
in
the
European
Union
and
those
flights
coming
back
into
the
United
States.
Could
you
could
you
for
a
moment
just
address
for
those
folks,
Americans
and
legal
residents
that
are
coming
back
into
the
United
States?
How
that
process
is
working
and
what
role
CDC
is
playing
with
that
right?.
D
So
if
you're
traveling
back
from
one
of
these
areas
where
the
travel
advisories
are
in
place,
we
recommend,
first
of
all,
that
you
not
travel
if
you're
sick
when
you
re-enter
the
United
States
there'll,
be
a
process
of
a
brief
assessment
of
your
health.
There's
you'll
be
directed
through
one
of
13
airports
in
the
United
States,
if
you're
traveling
from
one
of
the
Asian
countries
involved
or
from
from
Europe,
and
you
may
be
directed
to
talk
to
one
of
the
CDC
quarantine.
D
Doctors
who
are
there
well
there'll,
be
an
interview
and
assessment
and
if
you've
developed
symptoms
during
the
flight
you'll
be
advised
and
directed
to
where
to
get
medical
care.
If
you're
well,
you'll
be
allowed
to
continue
on
with
your
domestic
itinerary
and
it's
important
for
people
to
realize
this
is
different
than
what
was
done
initially
for
travels
coming
out
of
who've
a
province
in
central
China,
where
there
was
quarantine
facilities
set
up
in
different
parts
of
the
country.
D
Our
emphasis
now
because
of
the
continued
spread
of
the
virus
and
the
breadth
of
the
pandemic,
is
that
you
quarantine
at
home
for
a
period
of
14
days,
and
this
is
to
reduce
the
risk
of
spread
from
these
other
countries
into
new
communities
in
the
United
States.
This
is
part
of
that
overall
process
of
how
we
spread
the
curve
out,
even
as
we
see
some
transmission
in
the
United
States
some
communities
seeing
quite
a
bit.
This
is
a
way
to
prevent
additional
transmission
in
the
United
States
and
to
slow
the
progress
of
the
pandemic.
Oh.
C
D
Pouchy
is
in
line
with
the
CDC
recommendations
and,
while
dr.
Falchi
is,
is
quite
robust
in
incredibly
intelligence.
He
has
also
been
around
a
long
time,
so
we
do
recommend
the
people
who
are
older,
not
travel
right
now,
if
there's
any
way
to
avoid
that,
and
also
the
people
who
have
chronic
heart,
lung
or
kidney
diseases.
C
D
So,
let's
address
the
two
questions
there
separately.
First
of
all,
it's
throughout
history
there's
been
blame
placed
on
different
groups
of
people
for
different
types
of
diseases,
and
it's
important
to
recognize
that
this
kovat
19
is
now
a
global
disease.
It
affects
everyone,
so
there
really
is
no
justification
to
stigmatize
anyone,
or
particularly
any
racial
or
ethnic
group
related
to
kovat
19
for
people
who
have
traveled
while
social
distancing
may
be
important.
It's
also
important
to
not
be
socially
isolated
and
certainly
not
to
shun
people
and
certainly
not
to
shame
people
either.
D
D
Plays
a
very
important
role
in
the
global
supply
chain,
as
does
the
European
Union
and
the
United
States,
and
there
was
concern.
Well,
is
the
virus
being
transmitted
via
these
products
or
by
mail,
even
and
while
in
under
laboratory
conditions,
the
the
virus
can
survive
on
paper
or
cardboard
products
for
a
period
of
time?
The
epidemiology
does
not
indicate
that
that
is
what
has
spread
the
virus.
If
this
were
a
virus
that
were
transmitted
through
the
mail,
we
would
have
seen
more
hotspots
popping
up
all
around
the
world
very
early
on
what
we
saw.
D
Instead,
as
cases
occurred
outside
of
China,
they
were
occurring
initially
in
travelers,
who
came
out
of
China
and
were
well
during
their
time
of
travel
during
the
incubation
period
before
illness,
onset
and
then
became
ill
after
arrival.
If
there
was
subsequent
transmission,
it
was
most
often
to
their
household
contacts
the
people
they
were
most
closely
associated
with.
So
we
really
don't
think
that
mail
or
products
that
have
come
out
of
any
part
of
the
world
have
paid
played
a
significant
role
in
spread
of
this
infection.
C
Since
this
outbreak
began,
there
have
been
a
number
of
new
words
terminology
introduced
into
America's
lexicon.
Some
of
the
most
common
are
the
words
quarantine,
isolation
and
social
distancing,
I
think
sometimes
people
get
confused
between
what
quarantine
means
versus
what
isolation
means.
So
could
we
start
with
that?
We've
addressed
a
little
bit
about
social,
distancing
and
I'll.
Ask
you
to
go
into
more
detail
on
that
in
a
minute,
but
I
think
the
differentiation
between
what
it
means
to
be
quarantined
versus
being
in
isolation.
There's
a
difference
there
and
let's
clarify
that
for
every.
D
Search,
there
certainly
is,
and
while
these
base
sound
like
technical
terms,
they
may
even
seem
like
they
could
be
used
interchangeably
and,
unfortunately,
oftentimes
are
they
mean
very
different
things.
So
quarantine
means
separating
someone
who
has
been
exposed
to
an
infectious
agent
from
people
who
are
unexposed.
It's
not
a
tool.
D
Isolation
is
much
more
commonly
used
and
it's
used
everyday
in
hospitals
all
around
the
country.
Isolation
means
taking
someone
who
sick
and
infected
with
a
specific
organism
and
separating
them
from
people
who
are
well
so
you're,
trying
to
prevent
transmission
of
the
infection
to
the
people
who
are
well
and
there's
various
types
of
isolation.
D
There
are
specific
guidelines
for
respiratory
droplets,
such
as
what
we
are
talking
about
earlier,
there's
also
specific
guidelines
for
airborne
pathogens,
which
we
we
don't
see,
a
lot
of
evidence
that
this
virus
is
commonly
transmitted
by
the
airborne
route,
even
though
under
laboratory
conditions,
we
can
get
it
into
the
air
and
show
that
it
can
be
there
for
a
while.
This
is
not
like
tuberculosis
or
measles,
where
we
think
it's
common,
that
the
transmission
is
is
through.
D
C
We
should
mention
that
you
had
spoken
about
the
early
flights,
for
example,
of
free
Patriot
Americans
from
Hebei
province.
Some
of
the
passengers
aboard
the
diamond
princess
that
cruise
ship
they
were
in
quarantine,
many
of
them
and
and
the
resilience
of
the
American
people
was
demonstrated
in
those
situations
because
by
and
large
everybody
was
very
grateful
to
have.
We've
received
notices
for
many
of
them.
They
were
compliant.
C
They
were,
they
understood
the
complexity
of
the
outbreak
and
we're
very
willing
to
respond
to
recommendations
and
so
I
think
it's
just
as
a
point
of
reference
just
to
acknowledge
that
when
Americans
know
what's
happening
and
they're
asked
to
rise
to
the
occasion
they
are
doing
so
and
that
we're
all
in
this
together.
If
we
wanted
to
put
an
emphasis
on
that,
I'd
be
happy
to
well.
D
First
of
all,
we
recognize
that
none
of
us
wants
to
have
our
freedom
of
movement
restricted.
So
it's
always
a
challenge
to
strike
that
balance
between
our
individual
freedoms
and
liberties
and
what's
good
for
the
the
larger
community
I.
My
heart
particularly
goes
out
to
people,
the
diamond
princess,
many
of
whom
were
quarantined
on
board
the
ship
for
a
period
of
time
and
then
because
there
was
evidence
of
ongoing
exposure
had
to
again
be
quarantined
upon
return
to
the
United
States.
D
That
was
a
long
period
of
time
to
be
often
time
separated
from
family
and
other
other
loved
ones.
So
that's
that's!
Not
a
tool.
Quarantine
is
not
a
tool
that
we
take
lightly
by
by
any
stretch.
I
will
add,
though,
in
terms
of
the
resilience
of
the
American
people
I,
had
some
reports
of
the
first
group
of
repatriated
American
citizens
coming
out
of
Wuhan
in
China.
D
They
landed
for
refueling
in
Anchorage
Alaska
and
when
the
CDC
official
from
the
quarantine
station
went
on
board,
it
was
really
unsure
what
the
reaction
would
be,
but
I'm
told
that
when
he
said
welcome
to
the
United
States,
there
was
laughter
and
a
round
of
applause.
People
were
very
glad
to
be
home
and
I
think
that's
important
for
us
to
remember
that
our
fellow
citizens
were
very
glad
to
be
home
again.
That's.
C
Right
and
that's
a
nice
segue
for
us,
because
you
were
the
former
public
health
leader
in
Alaska
at
one
time,
and
our
next
question
has
to
do
with
what
can
state
and
local
health
departments
do
to
prepare
for
those
that
perhaps
haven't
yet
had
a
big
outbreak
within
their
jurisdiction?
What
can
they
prepare
for
and
how
can
they
respond
to
this
outbreak?
Well,.
D
I
think
it
also
ties
into
another
question
that
we're
frequently
asked
is:
are
we
prepared
and
preparedness
is
not
an
all-or-none
phenomenon?
I
think
we
are
more
prepared
now
than
we
were
20
years
ago.
So
it's
a
progress
and
it's
an
ongoing
process.
That
is
a
progression.
For
instance,
every
state
has
gone
through
some
type
of
pandemic
exercise
planning.
How
do
we
work
together
and
you
know
who
are
the
people
that
need
to
be
in
touch?
D
There's
an
old
saying
that
an
emergency
is
a
terrible
time
to
start
exchanging
business
cards,
but
of
course,
there's
also
the
the
old
expression
that
battle-plan
withstands,
the
stress
of
combat.
So
these
these
exercises
help
us
to
prepare,
but
they
don't
answer
all
the
questions.
So
in
terms
of
the
ongoing
response
and
preparedness
for
what's
next,
we
try
to
stay
in
close
touch
with
our
state,
local
and
tribal
public
health
leaders
and
provide
technical
advice,
and
fortunately,
thanks
to
some
appropriation
from
Congress
we've
been
able
to
provide
some
funding
locally
as
well.
D
The
local
jurisdictions
have
been
pulling
together,
I
think
practically
every
state
has
activated
an
Emergency
Operations
Center,
which
provides
a
center
of
operations,
because
this
is
while
it
is
at
its
foundation,
a
health
issue.
The
impact
is
much
broader
than
just
health,
it
impacts
education,
it
impacts
Commerce
it
you
know.
Really,
transportation
is
heavily
impacted,
so
it
really
requires
everybody
working
together
to
be
able
to
respond
and
be
prepared
for
what's
next
in
terms
of
knowing
what's
next,
that's
where
the
national
data
that's
aggregated
by
CDC
can
be
very
useful
to
look
at.
D
C
You
mentioned
some
funding,
that's
been
approved
by
Congress
to
help
local
and
state
governments
build
their
capacity.
Could
you
speak
a
little
bit
about
that,
so
that
folks
watching
understand
what
locals
are
actually
doing?
What
the
states
and
the
local
health
department's
will
be
doing
with
that
funding
to
build
capacity?
What
does
that
mean
to
build
capacity?
Where's.
D
D
It's
really
intended
to
be
flexible
for
the
state
or
local
agency
involved,
because
we
recognize
that
the
needs
may
be
different
in
different
parts
of
the
country.
Some
of
the
state
public
health
labs
are
fairly
robust
in
terms
of
being
able
to
scale
up
and
process
a
fairly
large
number
of
specimens.
Others
have
more
challenges
and,
to
be
honest,
some
state
public
health
departments
have
had
to
struggle
with
declining
funding
in
recent
years.
So
it's
it's
been
a
challenge
for
preparedness.
There's
an
old
saying
that
at
the
airport
you
don't
wait.
D
Til,
there's
a
plane
crash
to
buy
a
fire
truck.
Unfortunately,
we
do
have
some
of
our
partners
who
are
really
struggling
with
the
response
and
that's
where
funding
can
be
very
helpful
to
gear
up.
However,
it's
needed,
whether
it's
public
health
nurses
to
be
able
to
be
out
and
do
case
investigations,
health
educators
to
help
get
good
messages
that
are
appropriate
for
the
community
epidemiologists
to
be
able
to
study
the
data
that's
being
collected
locally,
it's
really
intended
to
be
flexible.
D
The
public
health
funding,
though,
is
specifically
not
designated
for
treatment
centers,
and
there
are
other
streams
of
funding
that
will
help
support
those
aspects
of
the
response.
There's
also
now,
funds
that
are
available
more
broadly
as
part
of
a
disaster
response
which
will
assist
locally
in
terms
of
being
able
to
provide
emergency
care
facilities
as
needed.
You.
C
Mentioned
just
a
moment
ago,
some
of
the
community
ripple
effects
of
an
outbreak
and
an
emergency
response,
whether
it
was
transportation
or
other
things,
business.
Commerce,
specifically,
there
are
a
lot
of
businesses
that
interface
with
customers
have
contact
close
contact
with
customers
on
a
daily
basis.
What
is
CDC's
guidance
for
those
businesses?
Well,.
D
You
can
also
make
sure
that
your
employees,
that
the
say
the
teller
window
have
the
ability
to
be
able
to
sanitize
their
hands
as
often
as
possible.
So
there's
there's
a
number
of
steps
there
in
terms
of
how
to
keep
not
only
your
employees
safe,
but
also
your
your
customers
and
finally,
there's
alternative
ways
to
do
business
which
are
being
implemented
in
very
many
parts
of
the
country.
Right
now,
for
instance,
restaurants
are
being
encouraged
in
some
areas
required
to
provide
only
takeout
services
to
be
able
to
minimize
that
person-to-person
contact
and.
D
D
C
D
D
Most
importantly,
the
school
administrators
or
the
school
district
superintendents
are
involved
in
that
discussion
and
while
it's
not
unlike
what
decisions
that
have
to
be
made
when
there's
adverse
weather
conditions,
whether
it's
black
ice
or
after
a
big
windstorm
or
an
earthquake,
this
is
different
because
the
perception
may
be
different,
there's
more
fear
around
the
ongoing
aspects
of
the
the
pandemic,
but
also
school
closure,
maybe
for
a
longer
period
of
time.
So
when
we
talk
about
some
of
the
the
pro
we're
looking
at
social
distancing
again,
how
do
we
separate
kids
from
one
another?
D
Of
course,
schools
can
be
congregate,
settings
mass
gatherings
of
a
small
scale,
and
we
want
to
be
able
to
minimize
that
contact,
but
there's
also
a
number
of
downsides.
There's
a
large
proportion
of
children
who
receive
one
even
two
meals
a
day
at
school,
and
how
do
we
make
sure
that
they're
continuing
to
get
nutritious
food?
D
Another
consideration
is
who
is
going
to
take
care
of
the
kids
if
the
if
grandma's
85
years
old
and
the
kids
also
have
a
respiratory
illness
that
actually
could
be
a
problem.
So
school
closure
is
very
complex.
That
guideline
is
available
at
the
CDC
website,
because
nationally
there
are
school
closures
in
at
least
37
states.
Right
now
there
are
literally
millions
of
kids
who
are
home
home
schooling's
never
been
more
popular
than
it
is
right.
D
Now
we
are
working
hard
to
develop
some
additional
guidelines
that
people
consider
can
review
and
consider
as
they
look
at
the
possibility
of
reopening
down
the
road.
The
last
thing
about
school
closure
that
I
think
is
important
for
everyone
to
understand
is
right
now
we're
in
a
time
in
some
ways
a
national
timeout,
almost
in
terms
of
seeing
what
the
impact
of
this
pandemic
over
the
next
one
to
two
three
weeks
is
going
to
be.
D
It
may
be
that
schools
will
reopen
fairly
soon,
but,
as
we
progress
it's
possible,
they
will
need
to
close
again
so
I
think
it
is
we
we
go
forward.
We
continue
to
learn
about
how
this
virus
behaves.
The
recommendations
may
may
shift,
because
getting
back
to
our
opening
comments.
This
is
something
that
not
only
is
it
unique,
but
we
didn't
even
know
it
exists
did
three
months
ago
and.
C
D
D
C
But
one
of
the
things
I
did
want
to
go
back
track
on
very
quickly.
Is
you
had
mentioned
that?
There's
a
level
of
fear
and
I've
heard
you
address
this
in
the
past,
about
there's
a
difference
between
preparation
and
and
being
scared,
and
so,
if
you
could
address
that
briefly,
because
I
think
it's
important
since
that's
come
up
in
our
discussion
that
folks
understand
and
we
we
provide
some
level
of
calm
and
comfort
to
our
viewers
to
understand
again
some
of
the
topics
you've
talked
about
that
most
of
us.
It
will
be
a
mild
outbreak.
D
Let
me
start
at
the
risk
of
sounding
like
a
bumper
sticker.
The
advice
is
be
prepared,
don't
be
scared,
because
we
know
that
people
who
are
motivated
primarily
by
fear
may
do
irrational
things
if
you
live
in
an
area
where
that's
prone
to
tornadoes.
If
there's
a
tornado
warning,
you
don't
go
running
down
the
street,
you
seek
shelter
and
you
take
cover.
C
D
Universities
are
probably
in
general,
more
well
set
up
to
be
able
to
do
distance
delivered
education.
So
a
number
of
universities.
Universities
have
already
made
the
decision
for
the
remainder
of
this
semester
to
not
have
in-person
classes,
and
this
will
also
help
with
reducing
the
amount
of
travel.
D
C
D
It's
important
to
know
more
than
ever
who
your
neighbors
are
and
if
you
can
find
out,
if
there
are
people
who
need
help,
do
that
and
that
can
be
done
virtually
there
really
are
advantages
of
some
of
the
online
neighborhood
groups.
I
saw
one
recently
where
someone
offered
if
someone
needs
groceries,
let
me
know
I'm
a
retiree
but
I'm
I'm
health
of
a
young
retiree,
I'm
healthy
I'll,
be
glad
to
make
that
run.
All
I'm
asking
is
reimbursement
for
the.
B
D
C
We
all
have
role
to
play
in
this.
You
mentioned
early
on
the
issue
of
transportation
and
there
have
been
a
lot
of
questions
about
public
transportation
and
should
individuals
who
have
commute
regular
commutes
on
public
transportation
or
children
that
are
commute
to
school
on
public
transportation.
Should
they
be
doing
this
at
this
time
or
are?
Is
there
a
recommendation
that
maybe
they
opted
for
a
different
mode
of
travel,
public.
D
Transportation
really
is
a
major
challenge,
because
oftentimes
these
conveniences
can
be
quite
crowded.
There's
a
lot
of
high
touch
surfaces
such
as
the
bars
we
hang
on
to
and
the
subway
starts
or
stops.
So
we
certainly
are
concerned
about
the
risk
of
transmission
in
those
settings.
The
the
most
important
thing
is
again:
if
you
are
sick
stay
home
because
you
don't
want
to
be
going
on
to
a
bus
or
a
subway
with
a
cough
and
potentially
infecting
other
people.
D
It's
also
highlighting
the
important
role
of
business
in
encouraging
teleworking
to
be
able
to
lighten
the
load
on
the
public
transit
system
and
then,
if
the
load
can
be
lightened
enough,
that
might
provide
an
opportunity
for
more
social
distancing
aboard
the
public
transportation
routes
as
well.
It's
important
is
probably
good
if
you
can
get
some
of
the
small
pocket-sized
hand.
Gel
containers
I
understand
in
many
parts
of
the
country
they're
hard
to
get,
but
that's
a
great
thing
to
be
able
to
have
to
do
hand.
D
C
We've
had
some
guidance
this
week
about
mass
gatherings
as
well,
and
we
talked
about
mass
gatherings
were
referring
to
things
like
public
events,
whether
they're
sporting
events,
their
conferences,
business
conferences,
all
types
of
events
of
that
nature,
there's
been
new
guidance.
Can
you
speak
to
the
new
guidance?
That's
come
out
this
week
with
respect
to
massive
events
and
also
to
social
gatherings,
yeah.
D
In
the
the
newer
guidance
is
based
on
some
of
the
observations
of
how
the
virus
has
been
transmitted.
Excuse
me
to
a
relatively
large
number
of
people
in
some
settings
where
people
are
gathered
together.
So
it
may
be
time
that
we
abandon
the
term
mass
gathering.
Excuse
me
and
focused
instead
on
gatherings
in
general.
D
A
question
that's
come
up
often
is
well
how
many
people
should
that
be
and,
as
you
can
imagine,
that
might
be
really
variable,
depending
on
the
type
of
event
you're
in
this
room
with
there's
five
of
us
we're
the
closest
of
the
five
people
who
are
here.
So
this
is
probably
a
low-risk
gathering.
On
the
other
hand,
if
we
were
sitting
next
to
one
another
across
the
frontier,
that
might
be
a
higher
risk
gathering.
So
at
this
point
in
time,
the
recommendation
is
to
minimize
those
gatherings
altogether.
D
Gatherings
of
more
than
ten
people,
I
think
have
been
particularly
called
out
as
of
concern,
and
we
realized
that
that's
very
disruptive,
because
now
we've
gone
beyond
just
large
faith-based
gatherings
or
business
conferences,
but
really
we're
talking
about
things
like
weddings
and
family
gatherings.
So
it's
it's
not
easy
and
of
course,
sporting
events
have
been
canceled
live
audience.
Tv
shows
have
either
gone
without
audiences
or
have
been
cancelled
altogether.
So
we
do
recognize
that
it's
disruptive,
but
this
is
an
important
part
of
how
we
at
least
start
social
distancing.
D
C
The
outset
of
our
conversation,
we
talked
quite
a
bit
about
the
health
care
setting
and
some
of
the
challenges
presented
to
them
today
and
potentially
in
the
future.
One
of
the
questions
that's
come
to
us
is
about
is
safe
to
go
to
a
hospital
and
I
think
it
might
be
important
to
share
where
CDC
provides
technical
advice.
In
this
respect,
both
you
mentioned
how
you
enter
a
room,
a
visitation
room
and
how
to
not
and
disturb
and
infect
others
in
the
room,
but
also
about
infection
control
in
general
in
healthcare
settings.
D
First
of
all,
if
you
have
a
life-threatening
condition
or
have
been
in
an
accident
its,
it
is
important
to
seek
care
still.
So
we're
not
telling
people
don't
go
to
the
hospital,
but
we
are
encouraging
people
to
delay
unnecessary
visits
and
also
to
limit
visitation
to
individuals
who
are
in
the
hospital
again.
This
is
part
of
social
distancing.
D
Cdc
has
some
very
specific
guidelines
for
health
care
providers
to
protect
themselves,
as
well
as
to
protect
the
people
that
they're
caring
for
one
of
the
challenges,
though,
that
we
we
have
to
acknowledge
is
that
the
global
supply
chain
for
personal
protective
equipment
is
quite
strained
right
now,
and
so
in
some
parts
of
the
country,
the
protective
equipment
is
running
thin.
So
CDC
is
also
looking
at
ways
to
be
able
to
work
with
the
materials
that
we
have
available
so
that
the
healthcare
system
can
be
flexible
during
this
very
challenging
time.
So.
D
D
On
the
other
hand,
surgical
masks
provide
more
broadly
some
protection
against
respiratory
droplet
type
infections
and
also
sometimes
we'll
put
a
respiratory,
we'll
put
a
surgical
mask
on
someone
who
is
ill
with
a
respiratory
illness.
If
you
will
as
a
splatter
shield,
so
that
if
they
coughed
or
sneeze,
those
droplets
are
contained
within
the
mask.
So
surgical
masks
have
both
a
protective
role
for
people
who
are
not
sick
and
for
people
who
are
sick
to
prevent
spread
in.
C
D
Right
and
CDC
does
not
recommend
use
of
masks
in
the
general
community
and
that's
not
a
new
recommendation.
That's
been
a
standing
and
recommendation
for
some
time,
primarily
because
there's
not
a
lot
of
evidence
that
there's
benefit.
We
also
are
concerned
about
the
exposure
of
hands
to
the
face,
as
we
mentioned
earlier,
I've
just
anecdotal
observation,
not
true
scientific
data.
I've
watched
people
in
public
who
are
wearing
a
mask
and
how
often
they
put
their
hands
on
their
face
to
adjust
the
mask
or
to
push
it
away
from
their
eyes.
C
D
Addition
to
the
whu-oh
and
the
CDC
websites,
each
state
has
a
kovat
19
website
in
many
cities
and
counties
do
as
well.
So
that's
probably
your
best
choice
to
be
able
to
find
out
what's
going
on
in
your
area
as
well
as
what
some
of
the
specific
recommendations
are,
because
while
every
state
has
been
involved,
the
intensity
of
involvement
is
quite
variable
around
the
country,
some
country,
some
cities,
are
seeing
quite
a
bit
of
activity
right
now.
C
I
know
that
your
grandfather,
I'm
a
mother,
my
children,
asked
me
questions
on
a
daily
basis
about
this
outbreak
and
what
they
should
be
doing,
what
their
friends
should
be
doing.
Their
school
life
has
been
turned
over.
What
should
we
be
telling
our
children
about
this
outbreak
at
this
time?
I
think.
D
It's
more
important
now
than
ever
and
explaining
things
about
why
schools
have
closed
that
may
be
a
little
tougher,
but
I
think
it's
it's
okay
to
frame
it
in
terms
of
well
school,
sometimes
clothes
as
if
there's
snow
or
if
there's
a
storm
or
if
there's
earthquake
damage
I
mean
these
are
all
things
that
can
be
scary.
But
there
are
things
that
we've
experienced
in
the
past
so
being
able
to
relate
to
experiences
that
a
child
has
already
had.
So
they
can
be
more
confident
that
this
is
something
that
we'll
get
through
as
well.
D
D
C
And
a
lot
of
grandparents
have
lived
through
outbreaks,
so
they
were
in
their
youth,
perhaps
exposed
to
measles
and
other
disease
outbreaks,
and
they
can
share
what
that
time
was
like.
They
can
speak
from
first-hand
experience,
which
is
quite
different.
I
wanted
to
thank
you
for
all
of
your
time.
So
far,
we
have
a
few
more
minutes,
I'd
like
to
take
a
couple
questions.
If
we
have
time
in.
B
C
D
These
are
some
of
the
important
tools
in
our
toolbox,
but
some
of
our
tools
that
were
most
accustomed
to
using
such
as
in
influenza
as
just
antiviral
drugs
or
vaccines,
are
not
there
yet
so,
there's
ongoing
work
to
develop
antiviral
drugs
or
to
look
at
different
types
of
antibodies
that
can
be
used
in
treatment
of
the
infection.
At
this
point
in
time,
treatment
is
really
symptomatic.
So
it's
important
to
recognize
that
this
isn't
like
in
influenza,
where
there's
availability
of
Tamiflu.
We
have
no
tools
like
that
right
now.
D
D
C
C
C
The
website
for
your
state
and
local
health
department's
so
that
you
can
learn
the
latest
information
about
kovat
19
in
your
area
and
if
you're
looking
for
global
information,
please
visit
the
World
Health
Organization's
website
in
whu-oh
dot.
Int.
Thank
you
for
joining
us
today
and
have
a
great
day
for.