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Description
This summit, co-hosted by the City of Cupertino, is a "how-to" event for activists and local government agencies for developing policies that aim at preventing plastics from entering the environment. In this seventh installment, Paul Ledesma of the City of San Jose introduces the San Jose Trash Reduction Strategy, and Miriam Gordon of Clean Water Action share strategies for reducing single use plastics. Recorded February 23, 2011. (40 min.)
A
So
next
up
we're
going
to
talk
about
something
a
little
different,
it's
beyond
product
bands
and
what
we
can
do
to
further
reduce
single-use
plastics
beyond
just
banning
them.
So
first
up
we
have
Paula
desma
from
the
city
of
San,
Jose
and
policy
mentioned
earlier.
Is
the
trash
reduction
program
coordinator
for
the
city
of
San,
Jose's,
stormwater
management
program?
A
Does
that
fit
on
your
business
card
and
as
20-year
career,
Paul
has
implemented
and
managed
by
zero
waste
and
stormwater
management
programs
until
last
year,
Paul
was
the
city
government
zero
waste
coordinator
for
the
City
and
County
of
San
Francisco,
where
he
produced
the
city's
litter
adits
for
three
years
tracking
changes
in
San,
Frisco,
litter
conditions.
Paul
is
also
project
manager
for
the
development
of
the
nation's
first
cigarette
litter
fee.
A
Currently
he
is
working
with
the
city
of
San
Jose's
regional
partners
to
develop
new
trash
reduction
programs
and
associated
metrics
as
part
of
the
municipal
regional
Nephtys
stormwater
permit
Paul
was
ray
born,
raised
and
educated
in
San
Jose
and
is
thrilled
once
again
to
be
working
for
the
city
and
community.
He
loves.
B
Clay
was
certain
to
point
out
to
me.
He
really
lives
in
Campbell.
I
was
born
of
his
insanity.
Luther
for
my
whole
life,
so
I
want
to
be
able
I
want
to
draw
a
connection
between
the
storm.
Water
is
a
municipal
regional,
stormwater
permit.
That
was
just
approved
by
the
regional
board,
December
09
and
plastics
reduction.
So
that's
the
that's.
B
So
why
control
trash?
Well,
it
impacts
water,
quality
and
habitat.
It
contributes
to
urban
blight
and
that
saps
economic
vitality
in
your
communities.
It
also
affects
the
quality
of
life
and
then
there's
the
storm
water.
Permit.
Oh
yeah,
the
storm
water.
Permit.
Remember
that
you
know
it's
that
thing.
B
That
says
forty
percent
by
2014
and
seventy
percent
by
2017,
which
is
laid
out
for
the
next
permit
and
then
a
one
hundred
percent
by
2022,
so
the
storm,
the
storm
water
permit
and
the
strategy
are
related
in
this
way
in
San
Jose,
we
view
the
storm
water
permit
as
the
core
of
our
trash
reduction
strategy.
So
what
is
that
core?
Well,
the
permit
requires
us
to
have
a
trash
reduction
plan,
a
tracking
method,
trash
capture
systems,
clean
up
our
hot
spots,
produce
a
long-term
strategy
and
then
have
a
reporting
requirement.
B
Then
it
has
a
reporting
requirement.
The
question
we
have
in
San
Jose
is
ok.
We
do
these
things
we
caught
with
our
plan.
We
do
our
tracking
method,
we
have
our
trash
capture,
we
do
clean
our
hot
spots
yearly
in
assess
it,
and
we
do
all
the
reporting
of
the
long
term.
Strategizing
we
can
punch
out
and
the
creeks
are
better
right.
Well,
we
know
better
than
that.
I
think
we
all
do.
B
There's
a
number
of
things
that
go
on
that
are
not
mentioned
in
the
permit
that
informed
the
permit
the
the
line
between
those
things
in
the
corn
that
blue
and
the
things
in
the
gray
on
the
outside.
That's
not
a
bright
line.
Those
are
issues
that
very
much
affect
what
goes
in
our
planning.
What
goes
in
our
reduction
strategies,
and
we
need
to
address
those
issues
in
order
to
see
and
a
clear
change
in
our
creeks.
B
Some
of
these
are
some
of
these
issues
are
beyond
the
scope
of
this
conversation
and
so
homeless.
Encampments.
We
have
a
really
interesting
idea
that
I'd
love
to
talk
to
anybody
who's
interested
about
sometime
later
on
how
to
deal
with
homelessness,
to
deal
with
community
development
to
deal
with
illegal
dumping
along
creeks.
The
one
that
I
want
to
focus
on
is
zero
waste,
because
that's
a
relationship
between
those
of
us
who
work
in
the
recycling
and
composting
and
zero
waste
fields,
and
those
of
us
like
myself
now
who
work
in
stormwater.
B
This
is
where
we
relate.
This
is
where
we
overlap
and
that's
where
that's
where
the
plastics
is
coming
from.
So
just
give
you
a
quick
brief
overview
of
pathways.
Most
of
this
is
familiar
to
you.
Overflowing
garbage
cans,
illegal
dumping,
homeless,
encampments,
pedestrian
litter
and
the
storm
sewer
system
itself
are
all
contributors
to
trash
and
decrease.
This
isn't
an
all-inclusive
list.
There
are
other
things
that
we
could
talk
about.
B
This
picture
is
of
our
interns
from
the
city
of
San
Jose,
stormwater
of
staff
from
the
Santa
Clara
Valley
urban
runoff
pollution
prevention
program
at
San,
Jose
staff
standing
under
a
tent
in
90,
+
degree
weather
last
August
sorting
through
catch
basins,
and
this
is
really
unpleasant
work,
but
it
was
really
interesting
to
see
the
kind
of
data
you
get.
The
data
is
very
preliminary
at
this
point.
We're
not
finished
with
the
analysis,
but
but
the
map
is
in
is
indicating
what
that
data
produced.
B
Okay.
So
what's
in
the
creeks,
this
is
a
data
from
a
study
that
was
done
by
the
state
water
board
in
2007
using
or
what
they
call
a
rapid
trash
assessment
methodology.
This
is
what
an
externality
looks
like
now.
Phil
bubble
talked
about
externalities
earlier.
This
is
to
me
when
I
see
this
I
see
an
externality,
and
this
is
not
a
unique
situation.
B
This
study
is
very,
the
results
of
this
study
are
very
similar
to
other
studies
that
have
been
produced
for
the
same
for
the
same
purpose,
and
it
shows
over
half
of
what's
in
the
creeks
is
plastic.
Half
of
what's
in
our
catch
basins,
is
probably
plastic.
We're
still
working
on
that
analysis,
but
but
this
is,
this
is
the
data.
So
this
is
our
problem
for
our
creeks.
This
is
why
we
need
to
talk
about
plastics
from
a
regulatory
standpoint.
B
So
what
is
our
strategy?
Our
strategy
has
three
elements:
it
has
prevention
clean
it
up
before
it
happens,
capture
get
it
before
it
goes
into
the
creek
after
it's
been
deposited
on
on
the
streets
and
in
the
store
green
system
and
then
clean
up
after
the
fact.
This
is
just
when
you
know
it
gets
past
us
and
we
have
to
go
out
to
the
crease
and
fish
it
out
I'm,
going
to
talk
about
interception
to
clean
up
first.
The
first
thing
you
need
to
know
that
interception
is
that
it's
really
expensive
it.
B
It
has
high
capital
costs,
and
this
for
those
of
you
in
public
works.
You
know
this
kind
of
stuff:
it
has
high
high
capital
costs
and
the
operations
and
maintenance
your
budgets
go
way
up
when
you
have
to
cope
with
these
kinds
of
systems,
so
they're
effective
the
work
you
know
these
these
systems,
the
small
one
in
the
middle,
is
an
inlet
device
that
goes
inside
an
inlet
set.
It's
a
screen
and
the
other
one
is
a
big
what
they
call
a
hydrodynamic
separator,
it's
a
giant
concrete
constructed
thing.
B
It
goes
in
a
line
that
they
need
at
the
end
near
the
near
the
outfall,
and
it
treats
you
know
dozens.
Hundreds
of
acres,
these
devices
are
really
expensive.
They're,
really,
oh,
really
costly.
To
maintain
street
sweeping
is
another,
is
another
aspect
of
our
strategy.
Street
sweeping
is
something
we're
studying
very
carefully.
We
think
there's
a
lot
of
promise
in
street
sweeping
again
it's
an
increase
in
operational
maintenance
costs
for
for
our
cities,
clean
up,
well,
cleanups,
effective.
B
This
picture
was
taken
before
and
after
on
the
same
day,
this
is
the
kind
of
assessment
we
have
to
do
as
part
of
our
regional
permit.
You
go
to
a
site,
you
take
a
picture
of
a
hundred
foot
length
of
creek.
You
you
clean
it
up.
You
take
the
picture
after
you're
done.
There
should
be
no
visible
evidence
of
trash.
That's
what
we
got
here.
You
have
no
visible
evidence
of
trash
at
the
end
of
the
day.
This
is
all
day.
B
Prevention
is
the
most
promising
and
first
best
choice.
We've
had
conversations
all
day
today
about
prevention.
This
is
why
prevention
is
important
in
terms
of
the
storm
water.
Permit,
it's
cost-effective,
it's
it's
our
best
tool,
for
it
has
the
best
promise
for
managing
these
materials
at
the
lowest
possible
cost.
Our
O&M
budgets
don't
explode
over
this
kind
of
stuff,
we're
talking
about
spending.
You
know
a
hundred
and
fifty
thousand
dollars
on
an
e
ir.
Maybe
a
couple
hundred
thousand
more
on
on
outreach.
B
Partnerships
is
really
the
key,
and
this
is
the
thing
that
I
keep
thinking
about
and
I
keep
considering
when
I'm
doing
my
work
is
is
who
can
who
can
I
form
a
partnership
with?
Who
has
the
competency
the
resources
that
I
can
leverage
in
order
for
me
to
meet
my
objectives
of
reducing
trash
in
the
creeks
internal
partners
are
key
these
these
shouldn't
be
needed
you
if
you're
working
in
us,
if
you're
working
in
any
city
these
days,
public
works
departments,
transportation
departments,
parks
department's,
your
zero
waste
groups,
housing
departments,
and
that
is
that?
B
How
there's
that
homeless
thing
again
and
strong
neighborhoods
initiatives
that
for
San
Jose?
That
means
community
development,
community,
community
engagement,
internal
partners,
external
partners.
Excuse
me
well,
they're,
they're,
all
you
guys.
There
are
partners
in
the
urban
runoff
program,
they're
the
water
district,
there's
a
save
the
bay
clean
water
action,
the
transportation
agencies
again
the
homeless
advocates
and
on
those
of
us
interested
in
litter-
and
this
is
an
all-
not
all
inclusive
list-
I
mean
we
have
neighborhood
groups.
We
have
business
communities.
I
was
so
glad
to
see
mr.
B
eggleston
here
and
we
have
other
governmental
agencies
that
are
also
our
partners.
At
the
end
of
the
day,
what
we
need
to
do
is
align
our
agendas.
This
is
a
very
oversimplified
graphic,
but
it
but
but
I
think
it
kind
of
gets
to
my
point
that
I
want
to
make,
and
that
is,
is
that
trash
is
the
problem.
There
isn't
a
single
agency
out
there,
no
government
out
there,
no
business
out
there,
that's
going
to
solve
the
problem
by
itself.
All
of
us
together
aligning
our
agendas.
C
C
Finally,
let's
talk,
and
so
you
know
it's
something
that
I've
been
working
on
for
so
long
I
just
want
to
put
into
I'm
not
going
to
talk
about
all
of
this,
because
we're
at
the
end
of
the
day,
I'm
just
going
to
talk
about
how
clean
water
action
is
trying
to
drive.
You
know
too
I.
Think
of
us
as
trying
to
push
the
edge
of
the
envelope
into
new
frontiers
for
prevention
and
source
reduction.
C
I
mean,
as
has
been
mentioned
before
our
whole,
a
benign
39,
integrated,
integrated
waste
management
system
in
California
and
all
across
the
country
doesn't
really
ask
us
to
prevent
solid
waste.
It
says
it
puts
prevention
at
the
top
of
the
hierarchy,
but
by
putting
the
focus
on
diversion
of
waste
from
landfills
it
you
know
it
it's
us
into
recycling
and
composting,
but
it
doesn't
really
drive
us
to
think
about
all
right.
How
do
we
make
less
of
this
stuff?
Because
that's
really
what
the
answer
is,
and
so
in
thinking
about
clean
water
action
was
thinking.
C
Well,
you
know
we
really
need
to
understand.
What's
driving
all
this
stuff,
all
this
disposable
food
and
beverage
packaging
that
comprises
most
of
the
litter
and
most
of
the
marine
debris,
what's
driving
that
from
getting
into
the
hands
of
people
who
litter
or
getting
out
into
the
environment
from
open
dumpsters?
Why
do
we
have
so
much
of
it?
And
basically
it's
because
businesses
and
institutions
are
making
the
purchasing
decisions
to
to
buy
all
that
stuff
and
to
use
it
and
it's
convenience
right,
and
so
it's
also
consumer
demand
for
convenience,
but
we
want
to.
C
We
want
to
engage
I
think
that
it's
those
businesses
and
institutions
that
are
making
the
purchasing
decisions,
who
are
kind
of
left
out
of
the
equation,
solving
the
problem,
we're
kind
of
telling
them
what
to
do
with
bag
bans
and
polystyrene
bands.
But
we
want
to
ask
them
to
think
creatively
at
the
same
time
about
what
they
can
do
and
for
them
to
start
thinking
about.
You
know
why
this
is
a
problem,
so
we
started
in
a
beginning
of
2010.
We
started
our
ticking.
C
How
do
we
prevent
some
of
this
pack
consumer
disposable
product
packaging,
ways
from
getting
into
your
creeks
and
storm
drains
in
the
first
place,
which
would
save
money
with
save
taxpayer
dollars?
So
you
have
the
ideas:
have
less
trash
to
have
to
control,
as
Paul
was
saying
zero
waste?
So
we
think
that
what
we
need
to
do
is
look
at
where
the
trash
is
coming
from
what
are
the
business
and
in
tional
sources
and
then
work
with
those
business
and
institutional
sources.
C
So
we
are
throat
we're
thrown
into
a
data
collection
project,
because
when
we
looked
at
a
lot
of
the
litter
audits
and
stormwater
Sam
storm
drain
sampling
methodologies,
they
don't
when,
when
the
sources
are
identified,
they
don't
tell
us
well
what
businesses
and
institutions
are
those
sources
coming
from
they'll
tell
us.
You
know
that
it's
food
packaging
waste
or
you
know
that
it's
beverage
containers
or
what
the
composition
is
but
doesn't
tell
us
where
it's
coming
from,
and
to
do
that.
C
You
really
have
to
both
collect
brand
names
on
the
materials
that
you're
sampling
and
figure
out
other
ways
to
find
the
sources
for
the
non
branded
materials
and
that's
what
our
litter
monitoring
technique
is
all
about.
We
created
a
new
litter
monitoring
technique.
We
have
partners,
in
addition
to
those
four
cities.
C
So
it's
kind
of
pushing
you
know
rain
pushes
us
back
a
little
bit
but
we're
halfway
through
and
it's
funded
by
in
part
by
the
California
Coastal,
Commission's
whaletail
grant,
and
also
by
some
foundation,
money
we're
finding
that
cigarette
butts
are
the
most
numerous
type
of
litter
and
so
numerous
that
we
can't
even
count
it.
It
takes
too
long.
So
just
it's
not
on
our
data
sheet
anymore,
but
snack,
food,
wrappers
and
hot
and
cold
drink
cups,
beverage
cups,
plus
the
stuff
that
comes
with
them,
the
straws
and
the
lids
they
those
two
items.
C
Those
sets
of
items
are
the
most
numerous
that
we're
finding
in
our
preliminary
results
and
the
typical
sources
for
those
items
are
fast.
Food,
restaurants,
convenience,
food
stores,
groceries
malls
schools,
movie
theaters
and
some
assorted
municipal
institutions,
and
we
view
this
effort
on
this
monitoring
effort
as
providing
a
snapshot
of
the
litter
sources
in
the
community.
We're
not
collecting
we're
not
doing
a
full-scale
litter
audit,
we're
just
auditing
in
22
areas
of
each
city,
a
quarter
mile,
each
and
thats
picture
of
our
volunteers
doing
it,
and
the
plan
is
to
follow
up
with
these.
C
The
local
businesses
and
institutions
in
these
communities.
We're
conducting
a
cost-benefit
analysis
for
restaurants
and
food
vendors
on
the
cost
of
providing
food
in
reusable
containers
on
site
versus
the
cost
for
disposables,
and
you
know
looking
at
the
cost
of
dishwashing
and
labor
and
factoring
that
in,
but
in
general.
Starbucks
already
did
this
ten
years
ago,
and
they
found
that
they
would
save
a
ton
of
money
by
doing
a
reusable
cups
campaign
and
so
we're
moving
along
the
same
or
developing
a
similar
analysis
and
we'll
be
in
this
year.
C
But
you
know
a
lot
of
the
college
campuses
are
dealing
with
in
an
or
this
amount
of
disposable
food
where
and
because
they
have
all
of
these
young
eager
Environmental,
Studies
students
and
environmental
clubs.
They
are
actually
becoming
the
incubators
for
sustainable
dining
or
zero
waste,
dining,
and
so
just
to
you
know
mention
one.
C
So
that's
just
one
example
now
we're
thinking
about
all
right
once
we
do
these
cost-benefit
analyses
we're
working
with
the
businesses
one-on-one
to
create
some
model,
food
establishments
who
are
switching
from
disposable
food
where
to
reusable
food
and
beverage
packaging.
What
would
we
want
to
do
at
a
policy
level?
You
know
in
addition
to
working
voluntarily
with
businesses
and
we're
a
policy
and
advocacy
organization,
so
you
know:
can
we
can
we
promote
reusables
beyond
bags?
C
It
seems
to
me
that
the
data
that
we're
collecting
that's
showing
that
food
and
beverage
packaging
is
really
the
bulk
of
the
trash
and
litter
problem
that
all
these
all
you
jurisdictions
have
to
deal
with
and
are
spending
money
to
deal
with.
We
should
be
focusing
on
how
we
promote
reusable
food
where,
and
so
we
haven't
developed
a
model
ordinance
that
we're
actually
sort
of
china
cell,
and
so
I'm
selling
this
to
you
right
now.
C
The
idea
is
that
you
know
when
you're
sitting
at
a
cafe
and
you're
having
your
hot
coffee
which
comes
in
you
know,
a
paper
or
paper
or
sometimes
a
Styrofoam
container,
with
a
lid
and
with
a
little
you
know
finger
protector,
that's
a
lot
of
waste,
and
why
should
you
be
true,
if
you're
for
here,
if
you're
eating
at
the
establishment,
you
haven't
taken
it
out,
it's
not
to
go
if
you're
sitting
on
the
premises
having
it
for
here?
Why
should
you
be
served
in
that?
C
You
know
horrible
Styrofoam
container
that
leeches
styrene,
which
is
a
known
human
carcinogen?
How
about
being
served
in
a
ceramic
mug?
You
know
civilized
old
school.
Just
you
know
the
way
I
grew
up
way
back
in
the
ancient
times
so
a
for
here.
So
the
idea
is
that
we
would
eliminate
the
use
of
disposable
food
and
beverage
packaging
for
meals
and
beverages
eaten
on
the
premises.
C
So
the
server
would
have
to
ask
whether
the
whether
the
coffee
or
the
food
is
for
here
to
go,
and
then
they,
if
it's
for
here
it
could
not
be
served
in
disposable
food.
Where
would
have
to
be
a
reusable
beverage
container
or
food
package,
now
I'm
kind
of
focusing
on
beverage
containers,
because
I
think
that
doing
the
whole
gamut
of
food
packaging
to
start
with
would
be
too
much
would
just
be
too
ambitious.
C
So
what
I'm
proposing
is
you
know
we
start
with
cuts
and
hot
and
cold
beverage
containers
are
really
prevalent
in
our
in
our
litter
audits.
So
that
would
be
my
preference
that
we
have.
You
know
our
suit,
our
soda
cups
and
our
coffee
cups
all
being
reusable,
and
then,
if
you're
taking
your
product
to
go,
then
we
need
to
encourage
people
to
bring
their
own
reusable
cup,
like
you
all
did
today.
So
how
do
we
get
people
to
do
that?
C
Well,
there
are
a
lot
of
examples
out
there,
schools
and
and
and
actual
businesses,
where
they're
providing
discounts
for
people
who
bring
their
own
reusable
cup
or
food
where,
but
what
the
social
behavior
studies
show
is
that
people
respond
a
lot
more
to
having
to
pay
for
something
than
to
getting
a
discount.
So
we're
proposing-
and
it's
very
similar
to
the
you-
know
the
paper-
the
charges
for
paper
bags
that
are
becoming
popularized
in
policy.
If
the
customer
doesn't
bring
their
own
reusable
cup,
they
should
be
charged
for
the
disposable
Cup
or
the
disposable
container.
C
So
that's
the
two-prong
strategy.
We
reduce
the
amount
of
disposable
food,
we're
use
on
the
premises
for
for
here,
food
and
beverage
and
we
promote
reusable
cups
for
the
to
go
for
the
to
go
strategy.
So
I
want
to
put
that
out.
There
I
want
to
work
with
any
of
you
who
like
to
develop
that
as
a
local
policy,
clean
water
action
works
on
building
policy
from
the
ground
up.
C
That's
why
we're
so
involved
in
the
polystyrene
food
bans
and
the
plastic
bands,
and
that's
why
we're
lobbying
for
the
statewide
bands
we've
built
a
local
movement
for
banning
polystyrene
food,
where
we
built
a
local
movement
for
bags,
we
can
bring
it
to
the
state
level.
California
is
the
biggest
you
know
is
like
the
eighth
largest
economy
in
the
world.
So
if
we
do
it
here,
we're
really.
You
know
we're
really
chipping
away
at
the
fact
that
the
United
States
consumes
twenty-seven
percent
of
the
world's
resources
and
on
a
per
capita
basis.
C
A
D
Informational
I
so
I.
I
agree
with
Miriam
that
number
one
is.
We
have
to
look
for
reusables
wherever
we
can,
but
I'm
working
through
the
old
California
do
see
with
now
Cal
Cal
recyclin
gave
a
grant
to
future
500
and
we
are
building
an
optical
sorter
that
will
take
PLA
plastic
back
out
of
mixed
plastic
containers.
So
we
have
in
mind
this
this
gadgets
going
to
be
mounted
on
a
trailer,
we're
going
to
take
it
to
a
bunch
of
Murph's
and
try
it.
D
But
the
deal
is
that
most
Murph's
don't
have
any
space
to
sort
other
plastics,
so
they
do
the
valuable
plastics
and
the
rest
go
off
to
land
filled
with
this
gadget
will
be
able
to
take
the
PLA
recover,
the
PLA
and
ship
it
back
to
be
reused
as
PLA.
So
there's
some
serious
concerns
in
my
mind,
with
taking
PLA
and
making
it
into
compost
and
in
applying
that
compost,
but
PLA
looks
a
lot
more
attractive.
D
E
There
was
I
think
Paul.
You
mentioned
something
about
a
cigarette
litter
fee
in
passing,
perhaps,
but
my
question
is
more
general
about
the
acceptability
of
nuisance
fees,
essentially
on
things
like
chip,
bag,
packaging
and
all
the
other
that
really
the
greatest
fraction
of
waste
is
those
plastic
food
wrappers
that
are
not
have
not
yet
been
discussed
as
a
strategy.
B
Well,
I
think
it's
a
powerful
tool,
but
I
think
also
think
that
prop
26
is
pretty
much
made.
It
really
difficult
for
these
sort
of
fees
to
be
implemented
in
the
future.
We
implemented
the
steyr,
the
silt
the
cigarette
fee
in
san
francisco
in
2009,
and
it
was
before
the
pop
26
passed
so
fast
food
litter
fees,
I
mean
these
are
decent
strong
price
signals.
They
fund
cleanup
programs,
they
they
have
a
lot
of
potential
for
for
doing
good,
but
it's
going
to
be
very
difficult
to
get
things
like
that
passed
now.
I.
C
Agree-
and
you
know
the
City
of
Oakland
is
the
only
city
I
know
of
that
actually
passed
a
fee,
illiteracy
on
convenience,
food
packaging
and
I
believe
it's
confined
to
certain
geographic
areas.
Around
schools
and
I
haven't
really
obtained
any
data
on
how
effective
that
is.
But
I
didn't
put
it
in
my
presentation
on
alternative
strategies
because
of
the
prop
26
concern.
I.
Think
it's
really
hard
for
us
to
do
that.
At
this
point,
it's
just
easier
to
charge
people
for
disposable
stuff
because
that's
not
going
to
be
considered
a
tax.
A
F
Had
a
quick
question,
Miriam
and
I
loved
your
ideas
on
everyone
bringing
their
own
either
food,
we're
back
to
the
restaurant
being
able
to
use
that
I
was
curious,
though
the
drinks,
I
think,
will
work,
but
I
was
wondering
my
understanding
is
at
least
even
if
I
brought
my
own
like
nice
styrofoam
container,
and
I
was
purposely
going
into
a
restaurant-
to
take
a
meal
home
to
go.
I
didn't
want
to
cook
that
they
would
not
be
able
to
put
that
in
there.
Is
that
your
understanding
as
well?
C
What
that
was
well
I'm
glad
you
raised
that
issue
again.
It
is
a
concern
we
were
just
in
the
preliminary
phases
of
investigating
that
question.
I
know
I
discovered
it
was
a
problem
when
I
started,
bringing
my
reusable
container
for
lunches
near
my
office
around
San
Francisco's,
some
some
food
vendors
will
fill
my
reusable
containers
and
some
won't
and
I
asked
them.
Why
and
they
said,
because
it's
a
health
code
violation,
but
then
I
asked
the
city.
If
there
was
a
provision.
I
think
Jack
investigated
this
for
us.
C
If
there
was
a
health
code
provision
that
would
prevent
vendors
from
refilling
my
container
and
the
answer
was
that
there
isn't,
but
some
inspectors
still
yes,
issue
vile
citations
to
vendors
that
do
that.
So
it's
something
that
we
really
need
been
trying
to
get
a
meeting
just
on
this
question
in
the
city
to
try
to
work
that
out.
That
would
have.
That
would
pave
the
way
if
we
could
get
that
smoothed
out.
C
But
then
the
other
issue
is
that
there's
variability
from
one
jurisdiction
to
the
other,
so
some
jurisdictions
actually
do
have
provisions
in
their
health
code.
That
would
prevent
that
there.
The
simpler
thing
is
that
nobody
seems
to
have
an
issue
with
cups
with
refillable
cups,
but
still
this
is
you
know
if
we're
going
to
put
forward
Paula's
local
policies
on
this.
This
is
something
that
we're
going
to
have
to
work
through
and
create
some
kind
of
consistency
at
the
local
level.
G
A
H
Thank
you
so
much
for
still
being
here,
I'm
melody
tovar,
as
I
mentioned
earlier,
I'm,
a
deputy
director
with
the
city
of
San,
Jose's,
Environmental,
Services,
Department
I'd,
also
at
this
time
like
to
ask
everyone
who
is
part
of
the
organizing
committee
or
the
task
force
that
brought
today's
summit
together
to
please
stand
one
more
time,
so
I
won't
to
a
mall
by
name
big,
huge
round
of
applause
for
all
they're
worth.
Thank
you.
I
also
wanted
to
acknowledge
our
partners.
First,
the
city
of
Cupertino.
H
This
really
is
a
beautiful
facility
and
and
I
could
actually
hear,
feel
mobile
earlier
when
I
was
in
the
restroom.
That
was,
that
was
cool
and
creepy
at
the
same
time.
So
I
wanted
to
thank
them
for
that,
but
also
to
san
jose
in
palo
alto,
save
the
bay
clean
water
action
and
the
watershed
management
initiative
for
working
together
to
bring
today
and
make
it
possible.
H
You
know:
we've
had
a
full
day
of
speakers,
educating
us
on
the
environmental
impacts
of
disposable
plastics
and
and
on
the
programmatic
opportunities
we've
heard
from
so
many
cities
on
real
world
examples
and
they've
generously
shared
their
their
policy
development
experience
and
their
actual
on
the
ground
implementation
experience.
So
I
wanted
to
thank
all
of
our
panel
members
and
all
of
the
speakers
today.
H
You
know,
but
not
just
that.
We've
also
had
interspersed
through
the
day,
an
opportunity
to
have
artists
and
educators
share
their
work
to
help
promote
our
stewardship
and
also
inspire
us
to
action
than
I
wanted
to
thank
in
particular,
Linda,
gasps
and
Judith
they'll
be
laying
for
sharing
their
provocative
works
and
and
their
skill
and
their
passion.
H
H
I'm
at
the
council
meeting
where
the
council
is
actually
going
to
make
a
decision
about
our
ordinance
and
I'm
my
best
bureaucratic
self
I'm
prepared
to
answer
any
questions
that
may
come
and
I
find
very
quickly
that
I'm
not
going
to
need
to
that
we're
really
here
to
listen
more
than
anything
else.
After
all
this
time
and
I
hear
the
council
members
one
by
one,
almost
unanimously
vote
for
the
bag,
ordinance
and
most
of
them
take
the
opportunity
to
share
their
reflections
on
why
they
felt
it
was
important
and
the
right
time
for
our
community.
H
That
was
my
moment
of
saying,
oh,
that
that
is
really
what
we've
been
doing
the
last
two-plus
years
and
what
we
talked
about
a
lot
here
today.
So
in
just
a
few
days,
you're
going
to
receive
a
survey
about
today
do
not
dismiss
it.
It's
going
to
come
in
your
email,
it's
going
to
come
from
SurveyMonkey
super
easy
to
fill
out
right,
not
super
long,
ten
questions
and
part
of
what
we're
going
to
ask
you.
Is
you
know?
H
How
do
you
think
this
workshop
went
and
what
do
you
think
about
continuing
to
collaborate
together
and
networked
together
to
address
this
issue?
Six
pollution?
We
hope
that
you
will
respond
quite
positively
to
both
and,
as
we
do
see
today
is
just
the
beginning
on
behalf
of
the
task
force
that
organized
today's
summit.
We
thank
them.
You
know.
H
We
hope
that
you
find
yourself
today
informed
and
inspired
that
is
Julie
said
here
at
the
beginning
that
we've
connected
our
hearts
to
the
cause
by
being
here
together
today,
I
want
to
thank
you
all
for
coming
today
to
prepare
yourself
in
your
communities
for
taking
robust
action
on
plastics
pollution.
Thank.