►
Description
Virtual Program, Feb. 23, 2022, 7pm. Learn the history of the Tanforan Assembly Center, hear first-hand accounts of former internees, and explore the 2022 Memorial installation at Tanforan. Participants: Steve Okamoto (Former Internee, Vice-Chair, Tanforan Assembly Center Memorial Committee, former Foster City Councilperson), Leslie Hatamiya (author, Righting a Wrong: Japanese Americans and the Passage of the Civil Liberties Act of 1988; Executive Director, San Bruno Community Foundation), and Ben Takeshita (Former Internee, Board Member Tanforan Assembly Center Memorial Committee, alumnus San Mateo High School, UC Berkeley, veteran Korean War, formerly employed at California Dept. of Employment).
A
Good
evening,
everyone,
my
name,
is
susan
goetz.
I
am
the
community
services
librarian
at
the
san
bruno
public
library,
on
behalf
of
the
library
and
all
of
our
speakers
this
evening,
I'd
like
to
welcome
you
to
remembering
tanforan,
remembering
fran
is
part
of
a
series
of
programs
called
confronting
history
stories
of
internment,
which
is
co-sponsored
by
the
san
bruno
public
library,
the
redwood
city,
public
library
and
the
south
san
francisco
public
library.
A
We
have
two
more
programs
in
the
series
that
I'd
like
to
mention
tonight
before
we
get
to
our
panel
this
evening,
so
we're
gonna
have
saturday
february
26
at
20
22
at
1
p.m.
Author
kiku
hughes
will
be
discussing
her
graphic
novel
displacement,
which
tells
the
story
of
a
young
american
named
kiku,
who
is
suddenly
transported
to
a
japanese-american
internment
camp
during
world
war
ii.
A
Alongside
her
grandmother
and
interestingly,
a
portion
of
the
book
does
take
place
at
the
tanforan
assembly
center
and
then
later
on
march,
2nd
2022
at
7
pm,
authors,
kevin
katz
and
linda
ivey
will
virtually
discuss
their
non-fiction
book
citizen
internees.
A
second
look
at
race
and
citizenship
in
japanese
american
internment
camps.
A
Examining
a
banker's
wartime
correspondence
which
is
archived
at
the
redwood
city,
public
library's,
local
history
room.
This
book
provides
a
rich
glimpse
into
the
lives
of
japanese,
japanese,
american
internees
from
redwood
city
registration
links
for
these
programs,
as
well
as
suggested
reading
and
watching
lists
and
other
online
resources
can
be
found
at
our
website.
Stories.Sanbrunolibrary.Org.
A
At
this
time,
I'd
like
to
introduce
our
moderator
for
this
evening:
leslie
haramia,
a
third
generation
japanese
american,
whose
parents
were
interned
during
world
war
ii,
including
her
mother
at
tamparan.
Leslie,
is
the
author
of
writing
around
japanese
americans
and
the
passage
of
the
civil
liberties
act
of
19
1988.
A
B
B
B
B
Let's
go
back
to
december
7th
1941.,
japan,
bombs,
pearl
harbor,
the
united
states
declares
war
on
japan.
Prejudice
against
people
of
asian
ancestry
has
an
extensive
history.
In
in
america,
and
when
japan
bombed
pearl,
harbor,
japanese
americans
worst
fears
were
realized,
they
were
americans
by
heart,
but
looked
like
the
enemy
well,
american-born,
nisei
or
second
generation.
Japanese
americans
were
u.s
citizens.
B
Knowing
that
a
japanese
attack
was
imminent,
the
fbi
was
prepared
within
hours
of
the
bombing
it
arrested,
nearly
1300
alien,
japanese,
american
community
leaders,
these
included
japanese
newspaper
editors
and
publishers,
buddhist
and
christian
ministers,
community
leaders,
business
people
and
japanese
language
teachers.
They
were
arrested
and
sent
to
detention
centers
because
the
fbi
considered
them
suspicious.
B
The
weeks
following
the
attack
on
pearl
harbor
were
very
difficult
for
the
japanese
americans.
There
was
pressure
for
harsher
measures
against
them
and
by
the
end
of
december,
1941
all
enemy
aliens
in
california,
oregon,
washington,
montana,
idaho,
utah
and
nevada
were
ordered
to
surrender
all
contraband,
including
radios,
binoculars
cameras
and
some
weapons
by
february,
1942,
a
curfew
between
9pm
and
6am
and
a
5-mile
travel
limit
were
placed
on
alien
japanese-americans.
B
B
Many
groups
like
the
american
legion
and
the
native
sons
of
the
golden
west
called
for
the
evacuation
and
incarceration
of
all
japanese
americans,
the
entire
california
congressional
delegation
advised
president
roosevelt
to
remove
the
west
coast
japanese-american
population
and
to
make
matters
worse.
Many
liberal
groups
that
were
usually
committed
to
civil
rights
did
not
defend
the
japanese
americans.
B
Only
some
quaker
groups
did
oregon
and
washington
supported.
California's
call
for
the
japanese
american
evacuation
and
internment
the
rest
of
the
country
paid
little
or
no
attention.
So
there
was
no
opposition
to
this
pressure
and
president
roosevelt
finally
caved,
and
on
february
19
1942.
He
signed
executive
order
9066,
which
set
the
stage
for
the
japanese
american
internment.
B
It
gave
the
secretary
of
war
the
authority
to
designate
military
areas
from
which
any
and
all
persons
may
be
excluded,
although
it
did
not
explicitly
name.
Japanese
americans,
everyone
knew
what
it
was
about,
and
this
was
despite
strong
opposition
from
the
attorney
general,
who
said
it
was
unconstitutional
and
the
fbi
director
who
said
it
was
not
justified
on
military
and
national
security
grounds,
executive
order,
9066
set
off
a
rapid
series
of
executive,
military
and
congressional
events
which
ultimately
led
to
the
exclusion
incarceration
of
west
coast.
B
The
reason
they
did
so
was
to
prove
their
loyalty
and
because
they
believed
that
they
would
be
treated
better
if
they
cooperated
beginning
in
march
1942,
a
series
of
civilian
exclusion,
orders
and
public
proclamations
were
issued
that
extended
travel
restrictions,
curfew
and
contraband
regulations
to
all
japanese
americans,
regardless
of
citizenship
and
eventually
called
for
all
persons
of
japanese
ancestry
in
california
and
parts
of
washington,
oregon
and
arizona
to
turn
themselves
in
at
temporary
detention.
Centers.
B
The
evacuation
took
a
total
of
eight
months
from
march
to
november
1942.,
17,
temporary
detention
or
assembly
centers
were
set
up
in
the
three
coastal
states
in
arizona.
These
were
mainly
converted,
fairgrounds,
race
tracks
and
livestock
exhibition
halls,
and
they
were
needed
to
give
the
government
time
to
build
the
permanent
camps.
B
B
B
B
B
B
The
japanese
americans
did
their
best
to
create
communities
in
the
camps.
Schools
were
set
up
which
children
attended,
kids
played
childhood
games
like
marbles,
just
like
children
outside
the
camps,
sports
leagues
were
set
up
and
they
organized
community
activities
like
dances,
where
young
people
were
able
to
socialize.
B
The
official
government
explanation
was
that
the
mass
incarceration
was
required
by
military
necessity,
but
remember
that
those
considered
suspicious
were
detained
immediately,
kids
seniors
and
the
disabled,
who
could
hardly
be
considered
threats
were
incarcerated,
while
the
us
was
also
at
war
with
italy
and
germany.
The
690
000
italians
and
314
000
germans
in
the
u.s
were
not
interned.
B
Neither
were
the
160
000
japanese
in
hawaii.
People
of
german
and
italian
descent
on
the
mainland
and
the
japanese
in
hawaii
were
primarily
arrested
and
detained
on
an
individual
basis.
If
the
government
felt
there
was
a
reason
to
be
suspicious
of
them,
notably,
there
were
no
instances
of
espionage
or
sabotage
known
to
have
been
committed
by
japanese
americans
during
world
war
ii.
B
On
the
question
of
loyalty,
it's
important
to
mention
that
the
loyalty
questionnaire
the
japanese
americans
were
asked
to
complete
in
1943
the
government
created
a
bureaucratic
means
of
assessing
the
loyalty
of
all
adults
in
the
camps.
First,
to
prepare
to
extend
the
draft
of
the
adult
male
population
in
camp
and
second,
to
release
loyal
japanese
americans
from
the
camps
for
relocation
to
their
non-restricted
interior
states.
B
Benisse
who
were
u.s
citizens
resented
being
asked
to
renounce
their
loyalty
to
the
emperor
of
japan
when
they
had
never
been
loyal
to
him.
To
start
with
the
east,
they
were
japanese
immigrants
who
were
barred
from
becoming
u.s
citizens
on
the
basis
of
racial
exclusion,
and
for
many
of
them
renouncing
their
only
citizenship
was
problematic.
B
It
took
decades
for
the
u.s
to
finally
question
whether
the
internment
was
justified
in
1980
congress
passed
legislation,
creating
the
commission
on
the
wartime,
relocation
and
internment
of
civilians.
Its
charge
was
to
investigate
the
government's
wartime
actions
with
regard
to
the
japanese
american
internment
and
report
on
its
findings.
B
From
july
to
december
1981,
the
government
held
20
days
of
hearings
in
nine
cities.
Over
750
witnesses
testified,
including
former
internees
government
officials,
academics
and
community
leaders.
The
commission
staff
also
did
extensive
primary
research
collecting
documents
from
government
and
university
archives
in
reviewing
historical
texts.
In
december
1982,
the
commission
released
its
467-page
report
entitled
personal
justice.
Denied
findings
were
submitted
to
congress
in
1983.
B
The
report
gave
an
account
of
japanese
american
history,
the
process
involving
the
military's
decision
to
evacuate
and
intern
the
west
coast,
japanese
americans
and
a
description
of
the
evacuation
and
internment
it
concluded
that
quote.
Executive
order,
9066
was
not
justified
by
military
necessity
and
the
decisions
which
followed
from
it.
Detention,
ending
detention
and
ending
exclusion
were
not
driven
by
analysis
of
military
conditions.
B
The
broad
historical
causes
which
shape
these
decisions
were
race,
prejudice,
poor
hysteria
and
a
failure
of
political
leadership.
A
grave
injustice
was
done
to
japanese-american
citizens
and
resident
aliens
of
japanese
ancestry
who,
without
individual
review
or
any
probative
evidence
against
them,
were
excluded,
removed
and
detained
by
the
united
states
during
world
war
ii.
B
B
In
the
end
about
80
000
surviving
intermediate
evacuees
received
compensation.
The
total
price
tag
for
the
legislation
was
1.25
billion
dollars.
This
was
an
extremely
historic
piece
of
legislation
as
more
than
40
years
after
the
war,
the
u.s
government
was
finally
admitting
that
it
was
wrong
and
that
it
was
doing
something
to
right
that
wrong.
B
There
are
many
lessons
to
learn
from
this
story
when
the
redress
legislation
was
funded
in
1989
senator
daniel
inouye
of
hawaii,
one
of
the
key
leaders
in
congress
in
the
fight
for
redress
said
quote:
we
are
now
at
the
end
of
a
long
and
most
painful
process.
It
has
been
said
that
the
wheels
of
justice
grind
slowly.
It
may
seem
intolerably
slowly
to
the
victims
of
injustice.
B
B
B
B
Ben's
family
was
also
sent
to
topaz
later
that
year,
when
all
internet,
17
and
older
had
to
take
the
loyalty
questionnaire
in
1943,
ben's
parents
and
older
siblings,
answered
no,
no,
believing
that
the
internment
to
be
unconstitutional
and
ben
and
his
family
was
then
moved
from
topaz
to
tule
lake
thinking
they
might
be
sent
to
japan.
Ben's
brother
made
him
attend
japanese
language
classes
at
tule
lake,
and
when
the
war
ended,
then
his
family
returned
to
san
mateo.
B
With
his
japanese
language
skills
and
additional
training
at
the
army,
language
school
in
monterey
ben
was
assigned
to
the
military
intelligence
unit
and
sent
to
japan
and
korea
during
the
korean
war.
Humanity's
wife
attended
the
college
of
san
mateo
graduated
from
uc
berkeley
under
the
gi
bill
and
spent
a
43-year
career
at
the
california
department
of
employment.
B
Now
at
age,
91,
which
is
amazing
ben
lives
in
richmond
across
the
bay.
He
is
a
member
of
the
tan
friend
assembly
center
memorial
committee
and
our
second
panelist
is
steve
okamoto.
She
was
born
on
march
25th,
1942
and
just
five
weeks
later,
steve
and
his
parents,
sister
and
grandparents
left
their
home
in
san
francisco
for
tan
fran
steve's
father
was
bilingual
and
was
selected
to
teach
japanese
to
u.s
naval
intelligence
officers
at
a
school
in
colorado.
B
After
the
war,
steve
and
his
family
moved
back
to
san
francisco,
a
cal
graduate
steve's
career,
spanned
50
years
in
the
finance
industry
in
30
and
10
years.
In
fundraising
for
the
american
cancer
society
steve
and
his
wife,
diana
have
made
their
home
in
foster
city
where
steve
was
elected
to
the
city
council
in
2011
and
served
one
term.
She
was
vice
president
of
the
tanforan
assembly
center
memorial
committee.
B
B
So
now,
let's
explore
some
of
those
thoughts
and
memories,
so
the
evacuation
orders
were
handed
down
in
the
spring
of
1942
and
you
were
only
given
one
or
two
weeks
notice
to
pack
and
you
could
only
bring
what
you
could
carry
so
ben.
Let's
talk
to
you
first,
can
you
tell
us
what
you
and
your
family
packed
and
what
you
as
a
child
were
able
to
bring?
C
C
Then
we
were
given
these
bags
of
things
to
carry.
We
carried
my
pillows
and
blankets
and
so
on,
and
also
eating
utensils
so
usually
made
out
of
metal
and
not
ceramic
so
that
we
could
have
those
for
for
our
forward,
and
these
were
things
that
were
told
we
were
told
to
bring
anyway,
but
we
could
only
take
what
we
can
carry,
so
we
didn't
have
any
suitcases
or
anything
as
far
as
our
family,
so
in
our
family
of
10
at
that
time.
C
So
we
had
a
nice
four-door
nash,
american
motor
smash,
and
we
left
that
in
the
garage
my
parents
were
there.
My
father
was
the
only
one
that
was
working
because
the
rest
of
us
were
still
going
to
school.
So
we
had
this.
He
had
his
pickup
truck
because
he
was
a
landscape
partner
and
we
just
left
that
on
the
street,
because
we
couldn't
take
that
with
the
guy.
I
had
a
bicycle.
We
had
to
leave
that
and
the
only.
D
C
As
a
toy
was
a
bag
of
margot
marbles,
because
I
had
some
good
marbles,
and
that
was
the
only
thing
I
could
sneak
into
my
fans
pocket
as
a
toy.
I
had
a
lot
of
baseball,
bitten,
mittens
and
bats
and
gloves
and
a
lot
of
toys,
but
I
had
to
leave
all
that
when
we
had
to
leave
and
then
our
team
day
came
up
on
may
the
19th.
C
But
I
remember
passing
my
schoolmates
started
what
we
used
to
go
and
they
were
peeking
from
their
curtains
for
house
big
curtains
as
we
walked
by
and
they
didn't
come
out
to
wish
us
well.
So
I
was
wondering
I
was
very
disappointed
and
feeling
very
badly
about
my
friends,
schoolmates
and
not
coming
out,
but
many
years
later
I
realized
that
they
were
germans
and
italians
and
they
really
didn't
know
what
was
going
to
happen
to
them
after
we
left.
So
I
could
understand
that
they
were
hesitant
to
be
friendly
with
us.
C
So
I
mentioned
this
every
time,
because
the
japanese
americans
were
very
appreciative
about
what
they
did,
because
I'm
sure
after
we
left,
because
they
were
so
friendly
with
the
so-called
enemy
aliens,
that
they
were
very
hesitant
to
I'm
sure
that
they
were
harassed
and
so
on
after
we
left.
But
we
so
we
thanked
them
for
doing
and
sticking
their
neck
out.
So
to
speak,
to
help
us
out
when
we
got.
D
C
C
D
C
D
C
I
was
kind
of
excited
not
knowing
what
was
going
to
happen,
not
not
having
a
chance
of
taking
a
bus
or
anything.
So
it
was
for
me.
It
was
very
exciting
to
see
all
the
or
experience
all
these
new
things
that
were
happening
to
us
as
we
walked
and
got
on
the
bus
to
go
to
a
place
called
tamper
in
san
bruno,
which
took
about
an
hour
from
summer
too.
B
D
County
we
noticed
there
were
two
dates
on
these
signs
that
were
plastered
all
over
telephone
posts
and
whatnot.
The
first
one
was
to
report
to
get
a
name
tag,
because
these
name
tags
were
supposed
to
go
on
our
lapels,
our
suitcases
and
whatnot,
and
one
of
the
things
that
my
dad
realized
is
after
he
got
it.
There
were
no
names
on
there,
just
a
number
and
he
was
told
yeah
you're,
you
don't
have
a
name
anymore.
D
D
My
mom,
like
most
moms,
were
very
organized.
We
we
carried
sheets
and
towels.
Mostly
my
sister
was
three
years
old,
so
she
only
carried
her
little
dolls.
You
know
and
whatnot.
I
was
a
baby
five
weeks
old,
so
my
mom
had
to
carry
me
in
a
diaper
bag,
so
my
dad
was
was
left
with
carrying
two
heavy
suitcases.
D
D
We
were
able
to
work
with
a
local
bank-
I
don't
remember
the
name
of
it,
but
they
were
in
charge
of
renting
out
our
pair
of
flats
in
san
francisco,
and
so
we
didn't
have
to
worry
too
much
about
it.
We
knew
that
the
bank
was
going
to
take
care
of
it,
so
we
walked
to
the
pickup
place.
We
got
on
a
bus,
they
required
the
shades
to
be
drawn.
D
C
Well,
there
was
no
school
for
us.
You
know.
The
natural
school
is
very
important
in
our
in
our
lives,
but
there
were
no
schools.
I
found
out
later
that
they
were.
They
did
have
schools,
but
we
weren't
taught
about
it.
So
we
I
we
would
make
friends
where
I
was
11
years
old.
So
we
would
make
friends
with
the
new
people
and
so
on
and
when
they
rang
the
belt
for
the
mess
all
for
breakfast
lunch
and
dinner,
we
would
go
with
our
friends
and
go.
C
Go
have
get
in
line
and
eat
with
them
instead
of
in
the
family.
When
we
were
in
our
families
before
we
went
into
camp,
our
family
would
be
sitting
at
dinnertime
on
a
big
table
and
we
would
talk
about
what
happened
during
the
day
and
and
have
really
had
a
good
time
in
these
family
gatherings
one
of
these
at
dinner
time,
but
in
tampan
it
was
a
start,
I
think,
a
breakout
of
family
living,
because
we
would
go
with
our
friends
and
my
mother.
C
C
My
father
was
working
at
the
meso
or
something
so
to
get
some
money
for
the
work.
I
think
it
was
sixteen
dollars
a
month
for
cigarettes
or
whatever
toothpaste
and
so
on,
and
that
was
the
only
income
that
we
had.
So
the
food
wasn't
bad.
It
was
more
stews
and
that
kind
of
thing
that
they
would
serve
in
armies
and
so
on,
but
a
lot
of
times
for
lunch.
You
would
have
these
lunch
meats
like
salami
or
bolognas,
and
so
on
and
a
lot
of
the
older
people.
C
So
that
was
a
to
me.
It
was
a
good
life
from
naturally
we
were
restricted.
We
couldn't
go
out
when
there
were
no
running
waters
in
the
rooms
and
so
on.
Only
one
light
bulb.
So
we
have
to
use
a
lot
of
extension
cords
and
also
to
provide
some
privacy.
My
mother
would
hang
get
ropes
and
hang
out
clothing
or
mattresses
or
nuts
matches
bed
spreads
or
around
to
provide
some
privacy
in
the
rooms
that
we
were
allotted
to
the
world.
C
That
was
the
way
we
had
to
survive
and
we
had
every
time
we
had
to
take
care
of
ourselves.
We
had
to
go
to
the
latrines,
which
were
not.
There
were
no
running
waters
in
the
barracks
rooms,
so
we
had
to
just
walk
these
latrines
and
and
go
and
do
our
business
or
showers,
and
we
have
to
use
the
showers,
but
there
were
no
partitions
or
anything
to
keep
these
things
private.
So
I
know
my
sis
two
sisters,
older
sisters.
C
They
really
had
a
rough
time
getting
used
to
this
because,
naturally,
when
you
were
at
home,
you
had
that
privacy
and
then
you
come
to
the
next
day
we
get
into
this
10
brand
room
or
two
large
rooms,
no
privacy,
no
partitions
for
the
toilets
or
the
showers,
and
so
they
really
had
a
rough
time
trying
to
get
used
to
that
kind
of
lack
of
privacy
and
with
the
men
and
boys
I
figured
oh
well.
We
just
did
the
best
we
can,
and
that
was
it.
C
So
I
didn't
feel
I
don't
remember
any
bad
feelings
about
that
either.
I
was
more
for
having
fun
with
my
friends
and
eating
a
lot
of
baloneys
and
salamis,
enjoying
whatever
we
can,
because
I
think
we
just
realized
very
quickly
that
we
were.
We
had
no
weapons,
we
had
no
way
of
being
violent
or
opposing
what
was
happening
to
us.
So
we
just
tried
to
make
the
best
of
our
our
lives
and
that
that
was
the
attitude
because
no
use
no
use
being
mad
about
it,
because
we
couldn't
do
anything
anywhere.
C
I
just
enjoyed
my
a
life
in
pamperin,
although
I
shouldn't
say
this,
but
because
naturally
the
adults
were
very
well
confined
to
really
couldn't
do
the
things
that
they
wanted
to
do
and
so
on.
They.
They
really
didn't
like
this
kind
of
atmosphere.
This
kind
of
situation
that
we
were
being
thrown
into.
B
D
Remember
leslie:
I
was
only
five
weeks
old.
Oh
you
know.
I
really
don't
want
to
say
what
my
most
vivid
is
because
it's
a
little
personal,
but
you
know
you
know
you
mentioned
that
there
were
8
000
people
there,
8
000
persons
of
japanese
ancestry,
men,
women,
children,
old
people,
the
invalid
orphans,
it
didn't
matter.
If
you
were
1,
16,
japanese
blood,
you
were
rounded
up
and
thrown
into
tanforan,
but
because
there
were
so
many
people
and
they
did
not
build
enough
barracks.
D
I
can
tell
you
a
little
bit
about
it,
but
the
most
vivid
memory
I
have
afterwards.
As
I
got
older
and
learned
what
was
really
happening
was
my
mom.
She
said
you
know
steve.
I
don't
really
remember
too
much
about
life
in
tan
tanfaran,
but
the
thing
that
I
would
never
forget
for
the
rest
of
my
life
was
the
smell
of
the
urine
and
the
manure
and
many
many
people
share
that
same
terrible
experience.
B
D
D
D
So,
as
was
as
it
was
in
the
barracks,
there
was
no
privacy
from
the
sound.
We
could
hear
everything
that
was
going
on
next
to
us
and
my
mom
said
that
we
had
to
whisper.
We
couldn't
make
a
lot
of
noise
and
you
know
when
I
do
give
these
presentations.
I
I
wonder
how
it
was
that
163
kids
were
born
in
tanfran
if
there
wasn't
much
privacy,
but
there
was
no
running
water
as
ben
suggests.
We
had
one
light.
D
D
C
And
then
the
flooring
had
a
lot
of
space
in
between.
So
you
have
to
be
careful
that
you
didn't
drop
anything
because
a
coin
or
something
or
pen
or
something
if
you
drop
it
many
times
the
drawing,
was
so
split
wide
that
they
would
fall
through
the
flooring
so
that
they
had
to
be
very
careful,
but
my
time
they
had
to
turn
shut
their
doors
and,
my
goodness,
when
I
was
in
there.
C
I
I
I
remember
the
stench
of
being
in
in
that
kind
of
a
room,
and
we
were
fortunate
that
we
were
in
these
barracks.
Then
the
barracks
were
not
private
oriented
either
in
that
the
walls
were
made
out
of
thin
plywood
and
there
were
no
ceilings.
So
we
could
hear
people
talking
on
the
both
ends
of
a
barrack.
We
had
the
two
rooms
in
the
in
in
between.
C
There
were
two
small
rooms
on
the
ends
of
the
barracks
and
then
about
three
larger
rooms
in
between
and
but
because
of
the
flimsy
wall,
and
there
were
no
ceilings.
We
could
hear
people
talking
on
both
ends
of
the
barracks,
so
we
had
to
be
quiet
and
whisper
whenever
we
were
in
our
room
so
to
speak.
So
I
remember
that
part
very
well.
B
D
I
also
was
drinking
formula
out
of
a
bottle,
but
since
we
had
no
running
water,
since
we
had
no
heating,
my
dad
would
have
to
get
a
bottle
run
across
the
track
to
the
they
called
it.
Commissary.
Other
people
call
it
mess
hall
to
warm
up.
My
bottle,
and
my
mom
told
me
one
story
about
when
it
was
cold
and
raining
my
dad
would
have
to
bundle
up
run
across
the
track.
B
C
Yeah,
I
don't
know
where
my
mother
had
got
some
ropes,
but
she
would
put
ropes
from
one
one
part
to
another
to
kind
of
give
him
some
separate
semblance
of
a
room
for
live
privacy
for
my
parents
and
my
sisters
and
then
us
men,
boys,
and
then
we
had
two
rooms
so
like
all
the
two
older
brothers
and
and
us
were
in
one
one
room,
the
men's
room,
and
then
my
parents
and
the
sisters
were
in
the
other.
So
we,
the
walls,
was
very
thin.
C
And
yet
we
realized
that
our
these
10
frame
race
tracks
and
all
the
camps
that
we
were
in
had
barbed
wire
fences
around
the
camp
itself
and
with
the
bob
wire
facing
inwards
to
keep
us
in
not
onwards.
Keep
people
from
coming
in
and
so
on,
and
the
guard
towers
that
are
strategically
located
will
be
having
military
police
in
there
with
rifles,
and
some
with
machine
guns
facing
inwards
to
keep
us
in
and
not
to
protect
us
for,
for
from
people
coming
in.
C
They
were
certainly
in
searchlights
at
lifetime,
were
shining
inside
to
make
sure
that
we
weren't
going
to
escape
or
do
something
during
the
night
time
or
something.
So
it
was
a
ridiculous
kind
of
a
situation.
But
again,
as
I
said,
human
beings
are
such
that
we
just
find
out
what
the
circumstances
are
and
we
try
to
live
the
best
way.
We
can
and
take
it
at
that.
B
You
described
it
as
a
child,
you
know
it
was
kind
of
an
adventure
right,
it
was
new
and
you
had
freedoms
that
you
didn't
have
at
home,
so
it
had.
There
was
fun
elements
to
it,
but
it
is
an
11
year
old.
Did
you
really
understand
why
you
were
there
and
why
the
government
had
put
you
in
these
camps,
and
you
know
what
did
you
think
of
that
as
a
kid
and
seeing
the
you
know
the
guards
and
that
barbed
wire
faced
in.
C
D
C
Because
we
went
separately
individually,
so
we
lost
the
family
reunion,
titan
kind
of
atmosphere.
So
we
didn't
really
then,
when
they,
when
we
were
notified
about
having
to
leave
our
home
and
go
into
these
so-called
camps,
they
didn't
talk
much
about
that
at
the
dinner
tables.
When
we
were,
you
know,
I
think,
come
to
think
of
it
that
they
tried
to
protect
us
kids
for
not
worrying
or
not
being
afraid.
D
C
What
was
going
to
be
happening
because
I
don't
remember
any
kind
of
talk
about
the
executive
orders,
executive
order,
9066
or
anything
like
that
as
to
what
was
going
to
happen
to
us
and
where
we
were
going
and
so
on.
I
don't
remember
any
of
those
kinds
of
conversations,
so
I
have
a
feeling
I
learned
later
on
that
they
probably
kept
those
kinds
of
conversations
not
when
we
were.
We
kids
were
around
and
protected
us
from
those
kinds
of
news
or
conversations.
B
Right,
you
were,
you
were
sealed
shielded,
basically
from
from
the
reality
of
what
you
were
going
through.
So
let's
shift
a
little
bit
from
life
inside
the
camp
to
the
lessons
we
can
learn
from
insurance
and
how
the
episode
affected
your
lives
so
steve
steve.
How?
How
did
you
know
you
were
a
baby,
but
you
did
have
an
experience
and
had
to
live
with
it
afterwards.
D
D
I've
got
to
talk,
I've
got
to
make
presentations,
and
so
you
know
in
the
last
five
years
you
know
I
I
go
all
over
the
bay
area.
I
speak
to
high
schools
speak
to
middle
school,
rotary
clubs,
lions
clubs,
churches
to
get
the
word
out,
and
then
I
found
out
that
even
not
only
the
japanese
kids
didn't
know
about
it,
but
the
caucasian
the
non-japanese.
D
B
Thank
you,
you
know
it's
incredibly
important
and
we
we
thank
you
for
all
of
your
work
to
go
out
in
the
community
and
help
educate
young
people
today,
so
that
it
doesn't
get
repeated
ben.
Let's,
let's
talk
a
little
bit
about
your
family
being
a
no
no
family
and
and
how
did
that
experience
affect
you?
Can
you
tell
us
a
little
bit
about
that.
C
Well,
the
no-no,
as
you
mentioned,
were
the
question
number
27
and
28,
but
my
brother
was
about
22
at
the
age
and
he
had
gone
through
high
school
already
before
we
went
into
the
camps,
and
so
he
knew
about
the
unconstitutionality
of
being
put
into
camp
and
so
on.
So
when
the
questionnaire
load,
the
questionnaire
came
out,
he
went
around
to
the
missiles
because
you
know
there
were
a
lot
of
questions
about
how
to
answer
these
two
loyalty
questions,
and
so
my
brother
worked
very
hard
in
the
missiles
as
people
to
say.
C
You
should
answer
these
questions,
no,
no
as
a
form
of
protest,
and
in
fact
I
have
an
fbi
report
because
because
of
his
activities
in
the
vessels,
he
was
wronged
by
the
fbi
as
hello
kitty
kid
meaning
he
evidently
was
saying
things
like.
If
you
answer
this.
Yes,
yes,
I
will
commit
hara
kitty,
which
means
you
can
slip
your
stomach,
but
I
I
have
a
feeling.
C
C
In
the
summer
time
we
were
sent
to
two
days
late
and
there
there
were
so
many
rumors
about
what
was
going
to
happen
to
us
until
from
two
to
late
and
their
most
important
rumor
was
that
we
would
eventually
be
sent
back
to
sent
to
jiren
not
back
to
but
sent
to
japan
as
a
in
exchange
for
the
us
army
prisoners
of
war
that
they
had
captured
during
the
korean
war
and
so
on.
And
so
they.
C
So
we
would
talk,
because
there
were
rumors
that
we
would
be
sent
as
an
exchange
of
prisoners
of
war
that
the
us
had.
So
we
many
of
the
people
have
to
go
into
the
japanese
language
classes,
and
I
was
my
brother
oldest
brother
was
one
of
the
teachers
there
and
he
was
one
to
start,
the
japanese
language
classes
and
he
forced
our
whole
family
to
go
to
the
japanese
language
classes.
Instead
of
going
to
the
english
crisis,
which
opened
several
months
later
after
to
like
settle.
D
C
But
later
on,
I
realized
that
this
was
a
benefit
for
me,
because
after
the
war
ended,
I
joined
the
when
the
winter
high
school
and
graduated
from
high
school
and
the
korean
war
started.
So
I
enlisted
in
the
us
army
and
until
then
I
didn't
speak.
I
didn't
say
that
I
spoke
japanese
because
I
thought
that
would
be
disloyal,
but
then
when
they
during
the
military,
this
is
where
basically
basic
training
and
so
on.
They
only
had
an
assignment
to
kitchen
help,
work
and
so
on.
So
I
said
no.
C
In
chinese
and
in
korean
I
didn't
speak
those
language,
so
we
use
the
japanese
speaking
interpreter
and
I
would
ask
the
question
in
japanese
and
he
would
ask
that
same
question
in
chinese
and
korean
and
give
it
back
to
me
in
japanese
and
I
would
write
it
down
in
english.
So
for
a
long
time
I
feel
oh
boy.
I
hope
I
got
it
right,
but
I
guess
I
didn't
get
it
right,
because
nothing
has
that
has
happened.
So
that
was
the
that's.
C
When
I
my
brother,
after
the
war
ended,
he
went
back
to
japan
because
of
the
mistreatments
that
he
felt
he
got
in
in
camp
so
because
he
was
bilingual.
He
felt
that
he
could
help
out
japan
recover
from
all
the
bombings
and
so
on,
especially
the
two
atomic
bombs
that
were
dropped
in
hiroshima
and
nagasaki.
C
So
I
think
it
was
back
there
and
I
it
was
my
military.
I
was
back
there
in
tokyo
and
so
on
weekends.
I
would
go
back
to
to
stay
with
him
in
his
apartment
and
that's
when
I
learned
a
lot
of
things
about
what
happened
in
tunisia
and
so
on,
and
and
he
trained
a
lot
of
things.
So
he
I
was,
as
I
said,
mad
at
him
for
forcing
us
to
go
to
japanese
language
school.
C
So
I
really
realized
that
there
was
a
benefit
for
learning
japanese
of
japanese
language
in
in
the
army,
because
even
after
I
got
discharged
from
the
army
after
three
years,
I
volunteered
for
helping
with
the
sister
city
programs
and
speaking
japanese
and
helping
with
the
senior
center
people,
who
were
each
the
first
generation,
japanese
speaking,
settings
starting
senior,
centers
and
so
on,
or
using
my
japanese
that
I
learned
in
too
late.
So
I
I
later
on
realized
that
learning
japanese
in
two
lakes
was
a
benefit
for
my
life
that
came
later
on.
B
B
D
D
D
Thank
you
so
much
for
what
you
will
be
doing
to
help
keep
this
memorial
beautiful.
As
far
as
our
key
financial
donors,
the
first
one
and
the
most
important
is
our.
Is
the
national
park
service,
the
japanese
american
confinements
sites
program?
They
were
the
big
initial
donors.
They
gave
us
over
400,
almost
400
thousand
dollars
to
get
this
thing
going.
D
The
county
of
san
mateo.
Thanks
to
the
assistance
of
dave
pine
supervisor,
they
gave
me
a
check
for
250
000,
other
key
donors.
The
san
bruno
community
foundation,
writing
a
check
for
150
000,
the
san
bruno
culture
and
arts,
commission,
50
000,
the
new
owners
of
the
shops
at
tanfaran,
alexandria,
realty.
They
gave
me
a
check
for
fifty
thousand
dollars
the
japanese
american
community
foundation,
another
fifty
thousand.
So
without
these
and
the
other
in
donors
they
we
would
not
have
been
able
to
do
what
we
have.
B
D
D
D
You
can
see
the
horse
stall
very
modified
horse
doll
on
the
back
left,
those
little
black
plaques
on
the
right,
that's
where
we
will
have
the
names
of
the
8
000
persons
who
were
imprisoned
at
tan
friend
assembly
center
and
then
right
in
the
front.
You
see
that
gold
statue-
that's
just
that's
where
we
are
going
to
take
these
two
little
girls.
The
picture
on
the
left
is
of
their
family,
the
mochita
family.
D
There
are
10
of
them
and
the
two
little
girls,
the
older
one
miuki
and
the
little
one
hiroko
yuki
six
hiroko
was
three.
They
were
our
models.
Of
course
we
didn't
bring
them
down
there.
We
just
use
their
picture,
but
that's
what
the
statue
looks
like.
It
is
cast
it's
in
the
warehouse
at
the
shop
september
and
so
we're
ready
to
bring
it
down.
D
But
the
thing
I
wanted
to
point
out
on
that
middle
picture
of
miyuki
and
hiroko
see
the
tags.
They
didn't
have
their
names
on
it.
It
was
their
family
number
and
hopefully
you
can
see
it
on
the
statues,
that's
what
the
tags
are
going
to
be
looking
like,
so
we
have
been
working
on
this
for
almost
10
years.
D
If
you
want
more
information,
we
will
show
you
the
website
and
the
email
address.
We
are
still
looking
for
donors
to
help
us
get
over
the
top.
You
saw
that
statue
we
do
have
miniatures
and
those
are
available
by
looking
at
the
website.
Tamperingmemorial.Org
and
it'll
tell
you
how
you
will
be
able
to
get
one
of
those
fabulous
little
statues,
they're
called
maquettes
nine
inches
tall,
weighing
almost
eight
pounds,
because
it's
solid
bronze.
D
B
D
Of
course,
we
do
want
to
honor
the
8
000
persons
who
were
imprisoned
there
and
and
like
most
asian
culture,
we
do
want
to
honor
our
ancestors,
our
moms
dads,
uncles
and
monks.
So
that's
one
of
the
reasons
the
other
one
is,
you
know
we,
we
think
very
highly
of
the
city
of
san
bruno,
and
this
will
be
a
cultural
and
historical
icon
for
the
city
and,
of
course,
the
third
reason-
and
as
I
mentioned
before,
this
is
a
visible
reminder
to
anybody
who
sees
it.
D
B
D
We
had
the
we
had
the
ground
breaking
on
february
11
and
we
hope
that
the
memorial
will
be
completed
on
around
the
end
of
may
so
we're
hoping
that
the
first
week
of
june
we
will
have
a
big
ribbon-cutting
ceremony.
We
were
asked.
We
will
ask
all
of
former
tanfran
attorneys
to
be
there.
We
want
to
bring
them
up
onto
the
memorial,
we
will
have
the
statue
draped
and
we'll
ask
all
of
them
to
take
a
corner
and
help
unveil.
The
statue
so
end
of
may
early
june
keep
a
lookout
for
the
announcement.
B
Yeah,
we
are
so
excited
to
see
that
happen
and
for
those
of
you
who
know
this
is
the
80th
anniversary
of
the
signing
of
executive
order,
9066
and
the
opening
of
tanfran
as
a
detention
center,
and
so
this
really
is
momentous
in
this
80th
anniversary
year
to
really
be
bringing
this
finally
to
life.
It's
such
an
important
event.
B
A
A
It
was
an
incredible
evening,
I'm
so
pleased
that
we
had
so
many
people
join
us
from
all
over
the
country,
not
just
the
peninsula
and
california,
but
across
the
country.
It's
one
of
the
blessings
I
think
of
the
situation
that
we're
in
is
that
we
are
able
to
offer
this
type
of
a
virtual
program
and
and
share
these
types
of
memories,
and
as
as,
as
everyone
has
said,
you
know
we
can.
We
concur
trying
to
ensure
that
this
doesn't
happen
again.