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Description
Visit the https://archive.devcon.org/ to gain access to the entire library of Devcon talks with the ease of filtering, playlists, personalized suggestions, decentralized access on Swarm, IPFS and more.
https://archive.devcon.org/archive/watch/6/giga-how-can-blockchain-help-connect-the-next-billion/
2.9 billion people are still offline and 96% of these people live in developing countries. During the session, public and private sector leaders from Giga countries like Rwanda or South Africa will speak about 1) how they are using blockchain to connect schools, 2) the opportunities of this technology in emerging markets. In particular, they’ll talk about blockchain as tool to automate payments, staking to finance school connectivity, NFTs to fundraise or a marketplace to incentivize providers.
Speaker(s): Naroa, Gerben Kijne, Anda Ngcaba
Track: Opportunity & Global Impact
Keywords: blockchain for good,connectivity,innovation
Follow us: https://twitter.com/efdevcon, https://twitter.com/ethereum
Learn more about devcon: https://www.devcon.org/
Learn more about ethereum: https://ethereum.org/
Devcon is the Ethereum conference for developers, researchers, thinkers, and makers.
Devcon 6 was held in Bogotá, Colombia on Oct 11 - 14, 2022.
Devcon is organized and presented by the Ethereum Foundation, with the support of our sponsors. To find out more, please visit https://ethereum.foundation/
A
A
B
A
Along
with
naroa
as
moderator
just
a
couple
of
quick
words
on
naroa
naroa
zuratula,
it
leads
the
mapping
and
Tech
work
for
Giga
UNICEF
prior
to
UNICEF.
Neroa
lived
and
worked
in
various
company
lived
and
worked
in
various
companies
in
Kenya
from
a
startup
that
is
trying
to
change
the
world.
Understanding
agriculture
to
a
non-profit,
empowering
local
entrepreneurs
through
access
to
finance
neural
holds
in
Masters
in
electrical
engineering
from
Stanford
University
and
a
masters
in
telecommunications
engineering
from
ehu
upv
Nara
is
also
a
proud
EF.
C
C
As
a
title
says,
we'll
be
talking
about
Giga
and
about
how
blockchain
can
help
connect
the
next
billion,
but
what's
what's
Giga,
it's
a
partnership
between
genius
of
an
itu
to
connect
every
school
to
the
internet
and
every
young
person
to
information
opportunity
and
choice.
By
connecting
schools,
we
in
one
hand
equip
young
people
with
the
skills
they
need
for
the
future
and
at
the
same
time,
we
build
digital
economies
for
the
communities
that
are
around
are
around
these
schools.
C
There
are
many
connectivity
initiatives
out
there
I
always
say
that,
what's
different
and
unique,
how
Giga
compared
to
others,
it's
that
we
use
data
and
Technology
to
make
the
whole
process
more
efficient
and
more
transparent,
in
particular,
blockchain
Technologies,
and
that's
that's
why
we
are
here
today.
The
the
panelists
will
have
a
discussion
about
the
blockchain
applications
they
are
building
and
that
they
are
implementing
and
deploying
in
different
countries.
The
applications
go
all
the
way
from
staking
nfts
tokens,
smart
contracts
and
others,
and
with
further
Ado
I'm
Gonna
Let.
Each
of
them
introduce
themselves.
E
B
Hello,
everybody,
my
name
is
Salim
Abba
I'm,
a
state
Council
from
the
directorate
of
science,
technology
and
Innovation,
which
sits
within
the
office
of
the
presidents
of
Sierra,
Leone
I,
mainly
well.
Over
the
past
two
or
so
years,
I've
been
leading
the
project
coordinator
coordination
as
well
as
some
of
our
policy
work.
Thank
you.
F
C
F
Are
there
any
like
blockchain
developers
in
the
room?
Maybe
could
you
guys
stick
your
hands
up
yeah,
so
we're
we're
growing
our
Tech
Team.
We
actually
have
a
position
open
right
now.
If
you
wanna
come
talk
to
me
afterwards,
but
basically
so
far,
we
have
connected
approximately
a
million
students
to
the
internet,
and
the
challenge
that
we
really
face
is
how
to
connect
the
next,
the
next
billion.
F
So
to
do
that,
we
see
blockchain
sort
of
adding
value
in
a
couple
of
different
ways.
The
first
one
is,
we
estimate
needing
approximately
428
billion
dollars
to
connect
the
world
schools,
so
our
biggest
sort
of
well,
our
first
sort
of
use
case,
is
moving
all
this
money
around
and
getting
it
to
the
right
places
in
a
way:
that's
transparent
and
efficient
and
and
affordable.
F
The
second
option
that
we
see
value
in
is
automating
payments
for
connectivity,
so
using
smart
contracts
and
monitoring
connectivity
in
schools
to
automate
payments
to
internet
service
providers,
then
we
also
focus
on
nfts.
So
at
the
beginning
of
this
year
we
launched
the
un's
largest
nft
collection,
called
Petra
kingdoms,
where
all
of
the
royalty
goes
to
fund
Giga
goes
to
help
support
Giga.
So
that's
that's.
F
That's
kind
of
a
neat
thing
and
we're
also
working
on
follow-up
projects
for
that
that
particular
project
and
we're
also
investigating,
if,
like
Innovative,
financing
solutions
to
pay
for
the
operational
expenses
of
connectivity,
so
one
of
them
is
connectivity
credits.
Another
one
is
where
we're
looking
at
using
staking
to
allow
people
to
to
stake
their
their
eth
and
generate
returns
for
for
paying
for
connectivity.
F
F
C
Perfect,
as
you
said,
I
think
for
the
ones
that
for
people
that
are
not
familiar
with
UNICEF,
we
operate
in
one
90
countries
around
190
countries
and
something
special
or
different
about
assets
that
we
work
very
closely
with
governments
that
all
the
product
solutions
that
Herman
was
describing.
We
work
closely
with
governments
to
implement
them
in
country,
and
that's
where
salima.
B
Sure
so
the
directorates
of
science,
technology
and
Innovation
was
established
by
the
current
government
in
2018,
and
the
main
mandate
is
really
to
leverage
the
use
of
science,
technology
and
Innovation
to
support
the
government
deliver
on
its
National
development
plan.
So
by
that,
we
work
across
various
sectors
and
we've
all
also
developed
a
10-year
National
Innovation
and
digital
strategy,
which
is
our
10-year
plan
to
digitally
transform,
Sierra
Leone,
and
we
focus
on
three
key
areas,
which
is
digital
economy,
digital
identity
and
digital
governance.
B
And,
as
I
said
because
of
where
we
sit,
we
really
in
a
space
where
we're
in
a
position
to
work
across
various
sectors.
That
includes
the
private
sector.
We
work
with
various
private
sector
Partners
in
Sierra
Leone
out
of
Sierra
Leone,
to
really
support
the
development
of
our
local
ecosystem,
because
one
of
our
aims
is
to
really
establish
civilian
as
an
Innovation
Hub.
B
That
is
all
the
different
government,
Ministries
departments
and
agencies,
basically
supporting
them
in
the
different
work
that
they're
doing
seeing
how
they
can
use
Science,
Tech
and
Innovation
to
really
achieve
the
government's
agenda
and
also,
finally,
one
of
the
key
areas
where
we
work
is
our
International
Development
Partners.
We
work
with
various
International
Development
partners
and
one
of
our
main
Partnerships
has
been
with
UNICEF
from
the
start.
B
The
UNICEF
Innovation
office
in
Sierra
Leone
has
been
really
key
to
the
work
that
we've
been
trying
to
do
in
one
area
where
we've
really
worked
closely
is
to
support
the
government
in
its
educational
agenda,
which
the
flagship
of
the
government's
human
capital
development
agenda
with
we.
So
with
that,
we've
really
worked
on
various
projects
such
as
Giga,
which
we're
talking
about
today.
B
We've
also
worked
on
other,
actually,
even
before
officially
Giggle
was
announced,
we
worked
with
UNICEF
to
map
the
geolocations
of
all
the
schools
in
Sierra
Leone,
so
that
was
really
key
to
us
in
Lane
that
found
the
groundwork
for
the
work
that
we're
doing
now
with
Giga.
But
then
one
of
the
other
projects
that
we're
really
also
proud
of
that
we've
worked
with
UNICEF
Sierra
Leone
is
on
learning
passports,
which
is
really
a
partnership
with
Giga
they
kind
of
go
hand
in
hand.
C
C
E
So
yeah,
that's
that's
been
great.
The
other
thing,
I'd
like
to
say,
is
we're
really
narrow
at
a
stage
where
the
proof
of
concept's
been
running
for
a
year.
It's
been
successful.
We've
seen
the
outcomes
from
that
and
we're
inviting
the
broader
ecosystem
to
get
involved.
So
we
want
our
competitors
to
get
involved.
We
want
you,
know
developers.
We
want
other
people
involved
in
the
ethereum
EK
system
to
take
up
the
Baton
now
and
to
move
this
forward.
E
You
know
no
one
entity
can
do
this.
Gig
has
been
fantastic
in
kind
of
capitalizing.
The
whole
program
we've
had
support
from
the
ethereum
foundation
and
elsewhere,
but
you
know
50
of
schools
in
the
developing
world.
Don't
have
internet
connectivity
right
now,
there's
thousands
of
there's
billions
of
dollars
staked
on
the
ethereum
network.
At
the
moment,
some
small
fraction
of
that
could
certainly
help
change
change
lives.
So
that's
really
what
we're?
E
What
we're
saying
here
and
I
think
the
final
piece
really
is
to
say
the
technological
aspects
of
this
were
one
part
of
the
project,
but
really
the
other
challenge
was
you
know,
bringing
people
together
bringing
people
along
this
journey
two
years
ago
there
was
no
such
concept
as
ethereum
staking
it.
Hadn't
been
launched,
and
yet
here
we
are
effectively
two
years
on
and
the
random
government
has
done
something
which
no
other
country
has
done
so
far
and
that
didn't
happen
by
accident.
You
know
it.
E
E
Minister
ingebora
has
also
driven
this
project
forward.
We've
had
support
from
the
Ministry
of
Education
Finance,
a
Central
Bank
of
of
Rwanda
and
ICT,
and
really
everyone
coming
together
and
working
collaboratively
has
made
this
happen,
and
it's
a
model
now
that
we
hope
we
can
scale
across
the
world.
F
E
Yeah,
so
so
again,
two
years
ago,
staking
wasn't
even
a
thing
and
if
you
imagine
the
complexity
of
getting
anything
changed
in
a
country,
it's
it's
pretty
difficult.
I
think
salima's
probably
got
more
insight
into.
You
know
how
to
make
that
happen
than
anyone
else
here,
but
you
know
it
does
take
regulation
and
to
change.
It
does
take
people
to
really
grasp
the
concept,
and
you
know
you
know-
we've
been
immersed
in
this
for
years.
E
No
doubt
a
lot
of
people
here
will
have
been
involved
in
ethereum
and
other
blockchains
I'm,
explaining
that
to
people
and
taking
them
on
this
journey
isn't
a
straightforward
thing:
it
takes
a
lot
of
Courage.
A
lot
of
you
know,
bravery
really
to
to
kind
of
adopt
this
as
a
concept
and
to
take
it
to
government
departments
and
say
this
is
something
we
want
to
do
so.
E
C
I'd
say
that
it's
also
linked
to
the
regulation
around
crypto,
whether
a
given
country,
it's
a
lot
to
hold
crypto
or
not
so,
link
to
that.
For
this
first
payload
and
after
many
back
and
forth,
we
decided
that
we're
gonna
have
the
node
hosted
on
the
cloud
instead
of
locally
the
way
of
this
decision,
and
maybe
elaborate
also
on
the
pros
and
cons
of
each
of
them
like
a
locally
hosted
versus
cloud.
E
Yeah,
so
that's
a
that's
a
great
Point
along
this
journey.
There
have
been
a
range
of
kind
of
key
decision
points.
What
ethereum
client
that
we
use?
Where
do
we
want
the
infrastructure
to
be
hosted?
Should
it
be
Cloud?
Should
it
be?
You
know,
on-premise,
somewhere
and
I'll
start
by
saying
our
whole
philosophy
kind
of
aligns
very
closely
with
the
ethereum
foundations,
which
is
geographic
diversity,
is
key
and
having
diversity
of
a
kind
of
software
client
is,
is
really
important
as
well.
E
E
So,
for
practical
reasons,
for
Speed
reasons,
for
resiliency
reasons,
it
made
sense
to
use
the
cloud
for
the
proof
of
concept
effectively
longer
term.
We
want
every
school
to
have
a
node.
We
want
everyone
to
be,
you
know,
communities
being
able
to
stake
and
and
run
their
own
infrastructure,
and
that
would
be
a
fantastic
achievement
when
that
happens.
C
B
We've
had
a
couple
of
engagements
with
the
Rwanda
government
and
the
point
is
to
really
learn,
learn
and
together,
learn
lessons
and
making
sure
that
you
know
we're
all
working
towards
the
same
goal.
So
for
us,
as
I
said,
we've
really
looked
at
how
we
could
lay
the
initial
groundwork
for
hosting
a
physical
node
as
you
she
said.
Obviously,
we
will
also
want
to
be
in
the
position
where
every
school
does
have
like
a
physical
notebook
also,
but
we're
not
at
that
place.
B
E
Yeah,
fantastic,
no,
that's
great
and
another
thing
that
we're
hoping
is
going
to
be
the
norm.
Moving
forward.
Is
our
internet
service
providers
taking
crypto
as
well
as
payment,
but
because
you
know
that
what
part
of
the
hurdle
right
now
is
you'll
have
to
convert
from
ethereum
to
fiat
currency
to
pay
for
a
service.
You
know:
we've
we've
had
conversations
with
isps
where
they've
said
no,
we'll
happily
take
payment
in
ethereum
and
that
I
think
will
be
the
future
as
well.
B
Yeah
not
I
think
same
as
sincerely
under
conversations
we've
had
with
our
isps
has
been
very
encouraging.
I
think
where
the
conversations
now
is
at
is,
with
our
other
government
Partners
public
sector
Partners,
looking
at
the
national,
the
bank
of
Sierra
Leone,
who
regulates
that
space
and
the
ministries
of
finance
and
that
kind
of
sort
of
thing,
just
making
sure
I
think
I
think
the
initial
conversations
around
the
legislative
framework
to
do
this
kind
of
sort
of
thing.
E
And
another
thing
to
mention
I
think
is
the
road
map
for
ethereum.
Clients
means
that
it
will
be
a
lot
easier
to
host
nodes.
You
won't
need
you
know
the
resiliency
and
and
the
you
know,
to
store
full
versions
of
the
blockchain
in
the
future.
So
again,
it's
going
to
get
easier
and
easier
for
people
to
host
their
own
notes,
which
is
fantastic.
F
What
I
find
really
interesting
to
to
sort
of
hear
is:
it
seems
like
everybody's
kind
of
on
board,
with
this
everybody
like
thinks
it's
a
good
idea,
but
still
it's
like
so
difficult.
So
how
do
we?
How
do
we
talk
to
governments
and
help
them
understand
and
help
them
shape
their
policy?
I,
don't
know
salima.
Do
you
have
any
insights
in
in
into
that
yeah.
B
As
the
government
representative
I
think
it's
it's
a
combination
of
several
factors
in
terms
of
why
we
currently
don't
have
it
and
what
can
be
done.
I.
Think
for
me,
where
I
see,
I
think
that
it's
about
highlighting
where
the
opportunities
are
with
this
I
think,
first
of
all,
the
opportunities
with
regards
to
blockchain,
especially
when
we
talk
about
Giga
and
how
that
could
be
utilized
for
smart
contracts
and
used
to
improve
the
relationship
with
internet
service
providers,
provide
better
accountability
and
monitoring
and
transparency.
B
I
think
highlighting
those
opportunities
are
great
in
terms
of
getting
everybody
on
board,
but
then
I
think
also
beyond
that.
There's
a
bigger
opportunity
with
regards
to
most
of
these
emerging
Technologies
when
you
deal
with
the
government
or
traditional
governments
such
as
hours.
My
thinking,
it's
about
opening
up
the
space
for
learning,
I
think
it's
about
improving
the
local
expertise
within
different
nations
and
it's
about
improving
awareness.
B
So
one
of
the
things
we're
excited
at
the
SDI
about
Giga
specifically,
is
looking
at
because
we
we
believe
in
leveraging
the
use
of
the
most
high-tech
technology
you
can
find
as
well
as
the
most
not
low-tech.
But
the
most
useful
for
our
current
situations,
looking
at,
we
also
utilize
things
such
as
ussd
and
those
kind
of
platforms,
because
we
consider
our
local
context,
issues
such
as
electricity
and
internet
penetration
rates.
B
So
all
those
are
important,
but
with
Giga
and
blockchain,
and
possibly
even
looking
at
cryptocurrency
to
as
payments
the
opportunity
for
this,
our
government
is
to
Pilot
these
Technologies
within
a
very
small
space,
which
will
hope
then
raise
awareness.
Allow
us
to
learn
about
the
these
emerging
Technologies
then
use
the
data
and
evidence
to
really
develop
really
effective
legislative
and
Regulatory
Frameworks.
That
would
better
support
and
enhance
this.
So
we
want
to
get
ahead
of
the
pace.
We
know
these
Technologies
are
coming,
whether
we
like
it
or
not.
B
So
the
opportunity
with
this
is
really
to
provide
a
pilot
where
we
can
really
use
this
as
an
opportunity
to
learn
much
more
about
it,
which
would
then
enable
us
to
better
regulate,
regulate
it.
So
I
think
that's
where
the
opportunities
and
the
learnings-
and
it's
about
really
showcasing
that
to
get
everybody
on
board
exactly.
C
And
showing
its
value
right
and
one
of
them
telling
to
say
I,
don't
know
if
it's
a
challenge
but
usually
face
it,
that
we
have
to
communicate
super
technical
and
complex
work
to
to
people
that
are
not
technical
or
don't
necessarily
understand
the
technology.
And
what
happens?
Sometimes
it's
that
if
you
mention
the
word,
crypto
smart
contract
to
someone
that
doesn't
understand
it,
then
they
get
scared
and
they
just
say
no.
We
are
not
on
board
so
the
moment
you
start
proving
it
starting
small
and
making
small
things
and
small
steps.
D
I
guess
from
outside,
as
well
on
your
point.
Coming
from
an
emerging
market
like
South
Africa,
to
drive
cryptocurrency
adoption,
you
need
to
meet
them
halfway,
so
one
of
our
PhD
candidates
has
actually
developed
a
solution
where
you
can
send
cryptocurrency
via
ussdn
SMS,
we'll
start
looking
for
use
cases.
D
We've
spoken
to
one
ISP
who
actually
approached
us
saying:
oh,
this
could
actually
work
dating
people
and
communities
pay
for
for
internet
connectivity,
so
those
conversations
are
still
ongoing,
but
that
whole
project
made
us
realize
that
we
can't
just
ideate
in
silos
and
think
you
know
people
from
South
Africa
from
Sierra
Leone
whatever
who
made
their
software.
We
need
to
go
to
them
and
bring
the
solutions
to
them.
D
You
know
be
even
with
speaking
about
blockchain
and
everything
they
don't
even
have
to
necessarily
know
that
it's
a
blockchain
in
the
background
I
always
have
this
argument
with
people
they'll
be
like
you
have
to
educate
everyone
about
blockchain
and
this
and
that,
but
how
many
of
us
know
how
a
light
bulb
works?
You
know
you
just
when
you
turn
it
on
how
many
of
us
know
how
our
Acorn
works.
You
just
turn
it
on
so
I
think
this
this.
C
Around
we
need
them
to
be
on
board
to
to
make
everything
work,
and
we
all
know
that
ISP
is
usually
for
the
mitc
to
go
to
cities
to
to
run
areas
and
it's
harder
harder
to
convince
them
to
go
to
more
remote,
Community
Schools
from
your
experience
working
with
the
private
sector.
What
type
of
incentives
business
models
would
need
to
to
make
them
also
go
to
places
that
maybe
are
not
as
easy
to
connect.
D
Yeah
I
think
you
know,
there's
obviously
tax
incentives
that
South
Africa
is
now
put
into
place,
but
one
thing
we
looked
at
is
the
tokenization
of
the
Lost
mile
infrastructure.
So
maybe
you
could
have
a
big
private
sector
player.
Private
Equity
Firm,
put
the
capital
expenditure
at
the
beginning
and
then
resell
that,
after
three
or
four
years,
when
they
find
life
cycles
now
coming
to
an
end
to
local
communities,
you
know,
and
then
the
Raven
was
able
to
get
in.
The
interim
can
then
sort
of
subsidize
the
resale
price.
D
So
they
may
not
need
the
large
multiples
that
you
need
in
terms
of
a
general
sale
and
why
something
like
that
would
also
work
very
well.
I
know
we
once
invested
in
a
fiber
asset
in
Ghana
and
a
few
other
countries
and
we're
struggling
to
know,
but
we
were
struggling
to
sell
it
now
to
a
third
party,
because
we
could
only
set
it
in
the
sort
of
the
25
we
owned
it.
But
if
we
could
tokenize
that
25
we
decided
to
local
isps,
we
could
sell
it
to
people
you
know
with
who
have
extra
money.
D
We're
not
just
want
to
help
other
people,
but
because
the
I
guess
the
framework
wasn't
there.
Yet
we
weren't
able
to
do
that.
So
you
know
on
your
point
as
well.
How
much
was
it
428
billion
and
I
know
in
Africa
alone
it's
100
billion
dollars.
We
can't
look
to
the
financing
mechanisms
that
we've
done
in
the
past
to
sort
of
solve
future
issues.
We
have
to
completely
rethink
how
we
do
it
and
things
like
blockchain
and
tokenization
I
think
will
be.
You
know
the
the
key
to
doing
that.
C
And
that's
something
that
egg
itself
is
experience
as
well
this
organization
and
be
Lina
token
system
that
aware
schools
are
granted
a
certain
amount
of
tokens
based
on
how
difficult
it
is
to
connect
them
and
then
providers
if
they
decide
to
go
to
schools
that
are
harder
to
connect
a
daily.
Get
these
tokens
and
they'll
be
able
to
exchange
these
tokens
for
a
set
of
incentives.
D
Good
yeah
I
think
as
well
Academia
so
from
I
now
work
at
the
University
of
Cape
Town,
and
it's
often
there's
a
place
that
we
don't
consider.
So
we
really
now
translate
this
sort
of
academic
research
on
my
PhD
Masters
level
to
blockchain
applications
and
I
think
we
also
need
to
come
to
the
table
now
because
you
need
a
new
way
of
thinking.
Like
I
was
saying
a
private
sector
company,
that's
been
making
huge
margins
from
selling
connectivity
for
10
to
20
years,
they're,
not
going
to
change
how
they
do
it.
E
Way
and
I
don't
say
it
as
Old
World
versus
New
World.
In
a
second
wait,
it
sounds
like
you
do,
I
think
you
know.
Big
corporates
are
coming
along
for
the
journey
now
increasingly
they're
understanding
what
blockchain's
about
they're
looking
at
their
own
proof
of
Concepts
and
Pilots,
and
and
yes,
you
know,
they've
got
other
motivations
potentially,
but
you
know
this
is
this
is
an
opportunity
for
everyone.
The
way
we
see
it.
C
D
So
around
blockchain
we're
now
seeing
less
Financial
sort
of
use
cases
so
we're
now
looking
at
a
decentralized
data
marketplace
where
data
creators
can
actually
sell
their
daughter
to
other
people
that
could
now
be
used.
Maybe
final
connectivity,
for
example.
We
also
have
an
nft
startup
that
is
working
with
content
creators
to
let
them
share
Revenue,
based
on
their
contribution
to
a
work
so
he's
particularly
working
with
authors
and
wants
to
work
with
illustrators.
Now
so
I
write
a
chapter
for
a
book.
D
You
write
a
chapter
four
book
and
my
tree
gets
more
views
will
get
remunerated
more.
So
those
are
some
of
the
interesting
use
cases
we're
seeing
the
Manda
money.
One
I
explained
earlier
about
the
ussd
cryptocurrency
payments
as
well.
It's
on
the
financial
side.
So
it's
quite
an
exciting
space
and
I
mean
our
hubs
only
been
operational
for
about
18
months
and
we
have
six
spindle
startups.
Now,
let's
just
come
from
academic
research,
which
has
been
really
beautiful
to
see.
F
F
So
that
way
we
can
make
it
way
easier
for
internet
service
providers
to
to
receive
payments
and
reduce
a
lot
of
a
lot
of
overheads.
So
that's
one
of
the
projects
that
were
we're
quite
excited
about
about
progressing
another
one
is
we're
building
a
sort
of
collection
on
top
of
our
existing
nft
collection.
The
the
original
nft
collection,
Petra
kingdoms
that
we
that
we
launched
was
all
about
fundraising.
F
F
C
And
there
have
been
a
follow-up.
We
we've
been
saying
that
sometimes
it's
like
it
takes
a
lot
of
work
to
to
make
changes
within
the
government
or
make
a
government
bodies
to
to
innovate.
Unicef,
it's
not
a
government,
but
it's
also
a
huge
organization
that
has
many
many
processes
in
place.
How
is
it
to
work
in
this
type
of
things
within
UNICEF.
F
Yeah
you're
you're
right,
it's
it's
a
very
big
organization.
I
think
I
come
from
sort
of
the
world
of
startups
where
things
go,
super
fast
and
You
Break
Stuff
and
you
try
again.
So
that's
certainly
that's
certainly
big
difference,
but
I
I
always
like
to
sort
of
compare
the
the
progress
UNICEF
makes
as
like
glacial.
B
Yeah
sure
and
I
think
one
of
the
things
I'll
say
looking
at
the
model
that
we
have
in
Sierra
Leone
is
I.
Think
not
it's
not
just
because
I
work
there,
but
I
think
having
institutions
such
as
like
the
directorates
of
science.
Second,
innovation
in
Syrian
has
been
really
key,
I
think,
especially
when
you
work
within
developing
countries
such
as
Sierra
Leone,
where
science
second
innovation,
has
not
been
a
big
player
and
the
local
expertise
is
not.
There
I
think
one
of
the.
B
If
I
would
advise
I
think
one
of
the
key
things
would
be
for
each
government
to
have
its
version
of
a
dsdi
as
we
call
it,
because
I
think
it
really
cuts
across
and
really
enables
that
partnership
to
develop,
I
think
we're
lucky
within
the
SDI
to
sit
to
us.
We
call
play
with
various
different
individuals.
B
We
have
lawyers,
we
have
our
developers,
we
have
our
data
scientists
who
have
our
policy
advisors
and
all
of
these
individuals
that
and
enable
us
to
do
what
we
do
and
I
think
that's
why
we
were
able
to
really
form
an
effective
partnership
with
UNICEF,
Sierra,
Leone
and
The
Innovation
office.
I
think
in
terms
of
having
one
of
the
few
like
Innovation
work
plans
and
work
plans
out
there
with
UNICEF
I,
think
that's
been
really
key
and
I
think
we
kind
of
play
the
role
with
UNICEF
off.
B
We
develop
our
projects
together,
we
establish
our
goals
and
then
our
dsdi
plays
the
role
of
fronting
with
the
government
on
behalf
of
USF.
So
we
would
go
to
our
government
partners
and
I
think
also.
The
fact
that
we
sit
within
the
Office
of
the
President
of
Sierra
Leone
gives
us
a
lot
of
Leverage
in
terms
of
when
we
go
and
knock
on
those
doors
like
the
National
Bank
of
Sierra
Leone,
to
say,
together
with
UNICEF,
there's
this
great
projects
which
we
want
to
try
out
deals
with
blockchain
and
crypto.
B
C
More
than
maybe
to
learn
from
and
replicate
in
other
places,
yeah
it's
interesting.
We
met
with
the
Colombia
team
earlier
this
week
and
we
were
talking
about
the
types
of
things
that
we
could
do
together,
how
to
start
working
in
different
aspects
that
we're
discussing,
and
what
we're
told
is
that
here,
it's
actually
quite
people,
because
they
don't
have
this
type
of
coordinating
body
that
you
have
in
Sierra
Leone.
B
I
think
maybe
just
a
quick
nugget,
I
think
which
would
be
interesting.
Actually,
so
the
chief
Innovation
officer
of
Sierra
Leone,
who
effectively
leads
a
dsdi,
is
also
the
current
minister
of
basic
and
Senior
secondary
education,
and
a
lot
of
our
projects,
as
I
mentioned,
do
deal
with
education.
So
I
think
that
gives
us
an
added
leverage
in
terms
of
really
being
in
the
critical
space
to
be
able
to
coordinate
all
of
these
activities.
So
yeah.
C
Yeah
so
I
love
to
learn.
Definitely,
and
it's
been,
we've
been
working
with
you
for
many
years
now
and
I
think
that
the
things
that
we've
achieved
it
wouldn't
have
been
possible.
Otherwise,
maybe,
as
follow-up
questions
to
both
of
you,
what
would
be
the
main
opportunities
that
you
see
with
blockchain
in
your
context,.
D
Yeah
from
tokenization,
like
I,
spoke
about
earlier
we're
also
looking
at
blockchain
actually
for
dynamic
Spectrum
sharing
because
in
South
Africa
a
lot
of
the
spectrum
it's
owned
by
the
large
mnos
but
and
the
small
players
don't
have
enough
Capital
to
obviously
partake
at
the
auction.
But
there
is
sort
of
time
during
the
the
day
where
Spectrum
isn't
that
used
by
the
big
mnos.
D
So
we're
looking
at
now
using
blockchain
for
dynamic
Spectrum
sharing
with
an
ISP
in
a
small
town
like
grahamstown,
where
I
went
to
high
school,
can
now
use
Spectrum
from
10
pm
to
5
a.m.
You
know
at
a
lower
cost
than
what
the
sort
of
use
it
during
the
day.
So
that's
one
interesting
use
case
we're
looking
at
it.
I
guess
in
this
context,
yeah.
D
Yes,
so
the
pricing
now
would
be
dependent
on
how
much
the
ISP
would
get
the
Spectrum
for
and
obviously
when
it's
underutilized,
this
pricing
would
be
less
so
I
guess,
that's
the
keyboard
inside
it's
still
very
early
stages.
The
government
announced
it
a
few
months
back
and
we
just
now
started
writing
a
few
concept
papers
to
see
what
we
could
do,
but
that
would
be
the
model,
but
we're
hoping
we
can
move
forward
with
it.
E
The
beauty
of
this
model,
as
opposed
to
traditional
kind
of
philanthropy,
is
that
you
can
put
your
money
on
a
node
use
that
node
for
good
and
then
take
your
money
away
later
and
put
it
do
other
things
with
it.
So
it's
not
a
case
that
you
have
to
donate
and
your
money's
gone
forever
and
I.
Think
that's
quite
appealing
when
the
you
know
the
need
for
capital,
for
some
of
these
projects
is
so
vast,
so
yeah
there's
lots
of
exciting
kind
of
technological
developments.
We're
just
excited
to
be
part
of
it.
C
E
Absolutely
and
and
like
different
models
as
well,
so
we
touched
on
liquid
staking,
for
example,
right
now,
it
doesn't
have
to
be
the
case
that
every
school
needs
32
ethereum
for
its
own
school
or
multiples
thereof.
There
could
be
liquid
staking
across
Rwanda
or
South
Africa
or
Sierra.
Leone
and
different
entities
have
different
amounts,
but
they
all
gain
staking
rewards.
So
there's
a
lot
of
different
avenues
that
this
could
progress
through.
F
Yeah
so
I
think
the
the
biggest
opportunity
I
see
is
in
moving
all
this
money
around
so
paying
for
internet
connectivity
in
countries
that
may
have
like
a
lot
of
corruption
or
something
like
that.
I
think
blockchain
can
really
provide
a
little
transparency
in
that
and
a
lot
of
fairness
in
that
so
I
think
I
think
that's
a
that's
a
huge
opportunity.
B
Yeah
I
think
going
off,
especially
with
the
smart
contracts
and
the
real-time
connectivity
monitoring
I.
Think
for
us.
Those
have
been
really
exciting
on
both
ends.
I
am
the
private
sector
specifically
also
excited
about
the
fact
of
having
a
smart
contracts
and
there's
no
discrepancy
of
whether
how
much
connectivity
did
I
actually
provide
and
that
back
and
forth
exchange.
F
Yeah,
absolutely
because
you
usually
what's
the
case-
is
that
for
a
lot
of
these
schools,
the
connectivity
is
paid
for
by
a
government,
or
you
know,
units
of
country
offers
or
something
like
that.
And
then
one
person
is
responsible
for
monitoring,
150
schools
or
a
thousand
schools,
and
it
just
becomes
impossible
to
sort
of
check
whether
the
connectivity
is
actually
delivered
and
the
schools
themselves
have
no
negotiation,
no
negotiating
power
with
their
intern
service
providers.
F
So
yeah,
one
of
the
products
that
we're
offering
to
schools
is
this
sort
of
application
that
they
can
install
themselves
on
their
Network.
That
will
provide
us
with
real-time
internet
connectivity
data.
So
it's
really
a
tool
for
them
to
sort
of
take
control
over
that
and
allow
a
huge
body
like
UNICEF
to
put
their
weight
around,
making
sure
that
internet
service
providers
are
providing
the
connectivity
that
schools
deserve.
C
C
Yeah,
let's
try
the
video
now
yeah.
Yes,
you
say
that
if
any
of
the
things
that
we
spoke
about
seemed
interesting
to
you,
whether
you
are
interested
in
joining
our
team
working
with
us
scan
that
QR
code
and
sign
up
so
that
we
keep
you
in
our
Network
and
we
can
count
on
you
in
case.
You
need
your
help
and
yeah.
The
last
thing
is
that
we
have
a
video
that
we
wanted
to
show
it's
not
appearing
here,
though
so
I
don't
know.
If
someone
would.
G
Slivering
sewer
connectivity
is
a
global
initiative
to
connect
every
school
to
the
internet
and
every
young
person
to
information
opportunity
and
choice.
Giga
is
leading
Innovative
models
and
mechanisms
to
finance
School
internet
connectivity
over
long
periods
of
time
working
in
partnership
with
governments
to
build
the
right
capabilities
for
the
future
Giga
and
the
ethereum
foundation
are
collaborating
on
an
exciting
and
Innovative
approach
to
fund
School
connectivity.
G
Blockchains
like
ethereum,
allow
individuals
and
organizations
to
contribute
to
network
security,
availability
and
processing
power
by
staking
funds
while
running
their
own
loads
within
the
network.
In
return
for
providing
this
service
participants
and
staking
Rewards
ethereum
is
the
most
widely
used
smart
contract
capable
blockchain
and
is
now
a
proof
of
stake,
blockchain,
which
effectively
eliminated
that
energy
usage
that
was
associated
with
its
former
proof
of
work
model.
G
Anyone
who
commits
32
ether
can
benefit
from
staking
new
words.
This
model
of
staking
provides
irregular
rewards
over
many
months
and
years,
enabling
a
wide
range
of
different
use.
Cases
that
can
deliver
societal
benefits
and
social
impact
from
the
money
that
is
earned.
Leader
is
working
with
the
Ethereal
foundation
and
the
government
of
Rwanda
to
provide
that
fast
example.
Providing
funding
for
school
connectivity
in
Rwanda,
launch
Notes
is
an
Institutional
provider
of
investment,
grade
ethereum
solo,
stating
products
and
services,
and
was
the
implementation
partner
for
this
pilot
project
in
Rwanda.
G
How
does
it
work
number
one
people
and
organizations
that
are
interested
in
supporting
screen
connectivity?
We
call
social
stickers
commit
either
number
two
Giga
steak
by
running
valid
data
nodes
number
three:
the
rewards
generated
from
the
nodes
are
used
to
pay
isps
on
an
ongoing
basis
to
enable
School
connectivity
over
the
long
term
number.
Four.
After
the
agreed
taking
period,
the
original
eater
can
be
returned
to
your
social
sticker
or
continue
to
be
staked
for
ongoing
schools.
Connectivity
number
five,
the
value
of
a
eater
may
rise
or
fall
over
the
staking
period.
G
Giga
has
donated
the
first
32
effect
was
taken,
enabling
the
rewards
to
pay
for
connectivity
at
Pilot
schools
in
Rwanda
in
the
future
Gita
plans
to
allow
people
to
pledge
less
than
32
either,
which
can
be
pulled
and
staked
to
support
Giga.
This
is
a
future
functionality
that
is
not
live
today.
Data
is
setting
up
ethereum
validator
notes
for
schools
in
Rwanda,
in
partnership
with
the
Rwandan
government.