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A
So
the
timestamps
ipf
has
some
file
coins,
some
concepts,
tech
and
tooling,
and
then
I
want
to
briefly
touch
on
the
future
of
far
coin.
If
I
get
a
chance,
firstly,
though,
a
reminder
on
why
we're
doing
all
this,
so
I
heard
this
quote
up
here
a
couple
of
months
ago,
conveniently
in
paris
also,
I
was
listening
to
juan
bene
at
a
peer-to-peer
meet
up
here,
and
this
really
struck
me
at
the
time,
because
this
is
exactly
why
I'm
in
tech
and
more
specifically,
why
I'm
in
web
3
as
well.
A
Obviously
they've
drastically
improved
the
lives
of
millions,
they've
paved
the
way
for
major
social
changes
and
with
a
rethinking
of
value
and
role
of
people
in
society
as
well.
So,
for
example,
those
household
automations
gave
freedom
and
empowerment
to
women
across
the
world
and
changed
the
landscape
in
general
for
the
better
and
the
internet
has
given
mass
accessibility
to
education
and
ideas,
as
well
as
enabling
collaboration
on
a
global
scale,
and
I
don't
know
where
we
would
have
been
in
the
pandemic
without
it.
Quite
frankly.
A
So
to
me,
the
real
goal
is
not
tech
in
and
of
itself,
but
the
real
goal
is
people
and
improving
the
human
condition
by
leveraging
tech
and
other
scientific
breakthroughs
to
do
so.
So
this
is
also
why
it's
really
essential
that
we
make
sure
we
are
building
them
right.
So,
just
before
I
dig
into
the
tech
file
coin
and
ipfs
are
actually
part
of
a
larger
organization
and
ecosystem.
A
Both
of
these
projects
were
originally
incorporated
by
protocol
labs,
which
is
our
research
and
development
lab.
It's
a
fully
distributed
open
source
r
d
organization.
It
was
founded
by
juan
bernay
in
2013.
It
builds
protocols,
tools
and
services
and
aims
to
help
radically
improve
the
internet
and
drive
breakthroughs
in
computing.
A
We
really
don't
have
to
look
far
to
see
how
influential
and
important
data
and
the
internet
have
become
to
humanity.
So
the
problem
is:
if
we
look
at
current
models
of
data
storage
and
sharing,
they
mostly
fit
in
a
centralization
model.
So
there's
only
a
few
companies
out
there
offering
storage
they're
all
centralized
and
they
have
access
rights,
access
and
rights
to
our
data
via
our
social
media
or
web
profiles
like
if
you're
not
paying
for
it.
A
A
If
a
central
server
goes
down,
whole
services,
which
we
rely
on
daily,
also
go
down,
so
twitch
youtube,
payment
or
other
essential
services,
go
down
with
central
models
and-
and
obviously
this
is-
this
is
happening
everywhere,
and
these
these
central
services
are
even
trying
to
create
these
multi
and
hybrid
cloud
models
now
which
try
and
combat
that
so
this
is.
This
is
a
true
business
problem.
A
So
another
problem
is
the
lack
of
security
and
ownership
of
our
data
among
the
right
yep
cool
central
models
create
those
attack
factors
for
data
harvesting,
so
this
costs
individuals
and
businesses
dearly
both
in
financial
and
trust
terms.
It
also
poses
a
censorship
and
misuse
threat.
We've
seen
plenty
of
stories
around
what
can
happen
with
large
sets
of
data
and
how
countries
and
vested
interests
can
leverage
that
data
to
sway
voters
to
censor
people's
access
to
information
or
to
otherwise
create
societal
mistrust
and
problems.
A
A
So
is
this:
this
is
exactly
the
kind
of
problems
we're
working
on
solving
at
ipfs
and
filecoin.
So,
let's
get
into
the
tech,
I'm
gonna
start
with
ipfs
or
cue.
The
star
wars
theme
please
the
interplanetary
file
system.
This
isn't
just
a
meme
name,
though,
because
it
as
a
distributed
peer-to-peer
network
for
files
and
folders
it
was
designed
to
be
able
to
work
even
when
the
network
is
between
planets.
So
let's
say
you
signed
up
for
the
mars
colony
program,
you're
living
happily
on
mars.
A
Maybe
it
takes
you
an
hour
or
so
to
request
a
file
from
earth
that
you
need,
but
if
someone
else
on
mars
already
has
that
file,
then
that
person
can
serve
you
that
constant
content
instantly
instead,
so
maybe
you're
thinking
right
now.
Well,
this
is
just
a
fancy
name
for
a
peer-to-peer
network,
but
there's
real
gravity
pun
intended
and
what
it
does,
because
ipfs
is
distributed
by
design.
It
has
no
central
authority.
Services
servers.
A
Ipfs
uses
content
addressing
so
this
means
that
not
only
can
you
be
sure
when
accessing
an
ipfs
content
id
that
you'll
receive
the
exact
same
piece
of
content
every
time,
but
you
also
don't
care
where
that
data
comes
from.
So
this
idea
was
kind
of
wild
to
me
when
I
first
started
looking
into
ipfs
and
filecoin,
because
it's
really
such
a
mind
shift
from
web2
world
we're
all
kind
of
accustomed
to,
and
it's
also
super
elegant
in
its
simplicity
as
well.
A
So
just
shifting
the
focus
from
a
location-based
address
to
a
content-based
id
opens
up
the
web
to
massively
distributed
storage
solutions
and
trustless
data
verification
methods
as
well.
So
in
order
to
how
do
we
make
these?
In
order
to
create
a
content
address,
which
you
can
think
of
like
a
cryptographic
fingerprint,
we
use
the
cryptographic
hash
function
to
create
a
content
identifier
or
cid
for
short
for
each
piece
of
information
that
we
want
to
put
on
the
network.
A
A
So
we
can
always
verify
that
the
content
we've
been
given
is
exactly
what
we
asked
for
and
that
verification
is
also
an
important
point,
because
you
create
trustless
peer-to-peer
systems,
then
so
also,
if
I
create
a
cid
of
my
favorite
meme,
for
example,
and
then
change
one
pixel
of
that
image,
I'll
have
a
different
cid
and
just
to
quickly
note
here
as
an
aside
as
well,
this
content
addressing
works
for
all
content,
including,
for
example,
folders.
It's
not
just
limited
to
like
a
jpeg.
A
This
is
a
content
addressing
graph
or
what
we
call
a
merkle,
dag
directed
acyclic
graph
for
the
nerds
out
there,
and
the
main
point
is
these:
merkle
dags
are
what
allow
ipfs
to
move
from
location
based
addressing
to
content
addressing
in
a
single
step.
It
just
replaces
locations
with
the
root
c
id
of
their
content.
The
sub
paths
stay
the
same.
A
This
is
an
example
as
an
example
of
how
this
works.
Let's
say
we
wanted
to
copy
biscuit,
that's
his
name
by
the
way,
the
corgi
to
the
folder
of
the
second
user.
Actually,
we
don't
really
need
to
copy
the
file,
because
two
copies
of
the
same
content
have
the
same
identifier
so
to
ipfs
they're
the
same
thing,
so
this
is
called
deduplication.
A
Instead,
we
just
have
to
modify,
modify
the
container
caning
folder
to
reference.
The
content
and
then
propagate
the
new
content,
ids
of
that
folder
up
through
to
the
root
c
id-
and
this
is
pretty
neat
because,
like
I've
said
earlier,
the
fact
that
I
see
id
will
always
represent
exactly
the
same
piece
of
information.
Unlike
a
location
means
we're
retaining
the
verifiability
of
that
piece
of
data,
as
well
as
unlocking
decentralization
and
resilience
through
distribution.
A
Okay,
so
you
can
make
and
represent
a
bunch
of
content
great.
Let's
move
on
to
how
we
retrieve
it.
We
do
this
with
a
peer-to-peer
network
where
each
peer
in
the
network
also
has
a
unique
identifier,
called
a
peer
id
which
is
again,
of
course,
linked
to
a
cryptographic
identity
and
which
allows
each
peer
to
communicate
securely
through
an
encrypted
channel,
and
this
looks
something
like
the
star
wars
path,
tracing
mission
diagram
above
and
in
order
for
peers
to
be
able
to
discover
each
other
in
the
network
transports
they
support.
A
A
In
simple
terms,
though,
a
dht
is
kind
of
like
a
phone
book,
except
that
everyone
helps
to
keep
those
phone
numbers
or
addresses
updated.
So
in
order
to
get
the
value
associated
with
a
key.
In
this
case,
the
content
id
a
peer
asks.
The
other
piece
of
the
network,
who
has
this
row,
it's
a
bit
more
efficient
than
a
general
broadcast,
but
I'll.
A
A
Maybe
if
they
like
you,
they
might
or
they
like
your
content
they
might,
but
generally,
despite
the
usually
good
intentions
of
a
community,
less
popular
pieces
of
content
will
probably
stop
being
hosted
and
will
no
longer
be
able
to
be
retrievable.
So
one
solution
is
to
pay
a
pinning
service
to
host
our
data
for
us.
Unfortunately,
though,
relying
on
this
kind
of
creates
another
centralization
issue
and
we
end
up
with
the
same
resilience
problem,
we
kind
of
started
the
process
with.
So
what's
the
solution
for
those
of
you
playing
at
home
yep.
A
This
is
where
filecoin
comes
in
so
far
coin's
a
decentralized
storage
system
designed
to
leverage
a
cryptoeconomic
incentive
model
together
with
cryptographic
proofs
in
order
to
ensure
data
is
stored
persistently,
as
well
as
highly
reliably
and
verifiably
across
a
distributed
network.
So
far,
coin
currently
has
over
four
thousand
or
up
approximately
four
thousand
storage
providers
globally,
and
it
makes
up
one
percent
of
the
world's
current
data
storage
capacity,
which
is
pretty
cool
for
a
protocol
that
only
launched
at
the
end
of
2020
or
2019.
A
It's
the
largest
decentralized
storage
solution
as
well.
So
it's
architecture
and
designed
to
leverage
these
crypto
economic
incentives.
That's
my
message,
as
I
mentioned,
and
its
use
of
cryptographic.
Proofs
also
enables
smart
contract-based
permanence
too.
So
it
means
that
it's
designed
to
be
as
permanent
as
you.
The
data
owner,
want
it
to
be
so
whether
that
permanence
requirement
is
500
or
years
or
five
minutes.
A
You
put
up
that.
You
want
to
store
this
and
they
all
bid.
Basically,
so
you
create
a
market
model
which
means
that
it's
going
to
be
cheap
forever
as
well
or
work,
at
least
like
a
market
structure.
Should
the
network
also
has
internet
scale
capacity
so
about
18
million
terabytes
18
exabytes,
a
really
big
number
of
storage
capacity
at
the
moment.
So
this
is
enough
capacity
for
a
lot
of
data
anyway,
I've
gotten
carried
away.
Let's
have
a
look
at
how
it
works
in
practice
to
make
all
this
work.
A
Filecoin
uses
storage
deals
like
I
just
mentioned,
which
include
two
main
consensus:
mechanisms
that
ensure
both
rewards
for
good
actors
in
the
system
and
penalties
for
bad
actors.
So
when
you
make
a
deal
with
one
or
more
storage
providers
to
store
your
data,
the
provider
general
generates
a
proof
of
replication,
which
is
our
first
consensus
mechanism,
and
this
proves
that
the
storage
provider
is
storing
a
unique
copy
of
original
data
over
time.
A
A
A
A
You
also
have
sovereignty
over
how
many
copies
of
that
data
you
want
to
have
and
on
what
providers.
So
not
only
does
this
deal
making
structure
allow
for
an
efficient
market,
but
it
opens
the
door
for
you
to
comply
with
regulations
like
gdpr
and
there's
a
growing
number
of
tools
in
the
ecosystem,
such
as
murmurmation's
bitscreen,
that
allows
you
to
filter
these
deals,
as
well
as
a
really
exciting
project.
A
We'll
talk
about
later
that'll
allow
this
use
case
too,
and
there's
lots
of
opportunity
to
build
toolings
in
this
space
that
help
with
all
sorts
of
things.
So,
while
ipfs
and
farcoin
are
separate
projects,
they're
designed
to
be
complementary,
so
ipfs
offers
this
content
verifiability
faster
and
flexible.
Retrievals
and
filecoin
offers
verifiable
data
persistent
at
persistence
at
internet
scale,
so
that,
even
if
your
computer
or
your
favorite
ipfs
pinning
service
were
to
go
away
that
content
persists
just
as
a
side
point
here.
Ipfs
is
storage,
layer
agnostic.
A
So
that
means
that
you
combine
it
with
the
storage
layer
of
your
choice
that
could
be
far
coin.
Obviously,
I
think
that's
a
great
option,
but
you
can
also
store
your
data
with
a
centralized
cloud,
storage
provider
or
another
storage.
It's
a
decentralized
storage
solution,
so
I'll
just
actually
can
I
just
get
a
time
check.
Where
am
I
up
to
okay?
Thank
you.
A
All
right
I'll
quickly
run
through
these,
so
the
future
of
filecoin
I,
as
I
mentioned
earlier,
it's
only
been
just
over
15
months
since
we
launched
the
network
and
we've
achieved
a
great
deal
and
come
a
really
long
way
towards
creating
an
internet
scale,
decentralized
storage
network.
Obviously
there
is
still
a
lot
more
to
do,
and
that
looks
something
like
this.
A
So
currently,
filecoin
enables
verifiable
storage
at
scale,
but
accessing
retrieving
that
data
isn't
always
simple
and
it's
not
always
easy
to
create
programmable
applications.
On
top
of
this
data
or
to
do
computation
either,
so
these
are
all
technology
vectors
that
make
up
the
future
of
this
space.
A
There's
also
some
current
projects
that
are
really
working
towards
the
social
aspect
of
file
pointer
as
well-
and
I
know
some
of
these
people
are
going
to
be
speaking
today,
so
I
won't
talk
too
much
on
them,
but
just
so
you
get
a
brief
overview,
firstly,
file,
queen
green
amazing
project.
I
know
they're
talking
so
they're.
Here
too,
I
I
won't
talk
too
much
about
them
I'll.
Let
them
explain
for
themselves,
there's
also
the
far
queen
foundation
for
the
decentralized
web,
which
is
a
com.
A
I
love
it.
I
love
it
got
some
excitement
in
the
room.
So
this
is
a
charity
organization,
again
they're
going
to
be
talking
today
about
what
they
do.
So
I
will
let
them
speak
for
themselves,
but
just
so
you
can
find
it,
and
I
can
post
these
slides
up
later
as
well.
There's
also
filecoin,
plus
aimed
at
incentivizing
storage
providers
to
store
valuable
data
sets
on
far
coin
there's
social
good
use
cases
which
we're
definitely
going
to
hear
about
as
well.
This
is
the
filecoin
saturn.