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Description
All the world's data will occupy 175 zettabytes (that's 175 trillion gigabytes) within four years. This massive growth is happening in parallel with an underlying current of decentralization across society and technology. This fireside chat with AWS will focus on the forces propelling data storage towards decentralization around the world.
A
Welcome
everyone
good
to
see
everyone
again
and
I'm
absolutely
delighted
to
speak
with
a
new
peer
who's
had
a
very
deep
experience
in
networking
and
security
over
a
long
period
of
time.
Anub
spent
six
years
in
the
blockchain
space,
so
he's
been
in
it
since
2014
and
2015
from
a
corporate
perspective.
So
he's
done
quite
a
bit
at
cisco
now
at
aws,
but
also
pioneered
the
enterprise
ethereum
alliance
back
in
the
day
as
well.
B
So
a
little
bit
about
me,
I'm
the
I'm,
the
global
second
leader
for
blockchain
here
at
aws,
which
is
just
a
fancy
way
of
saying
that
I'm
kind
of
responsible
for
you
know
setting
the
strategy.
How
do
we
execute
and
working
with
the
broader
ecosystem
to
make
sure
that
we've
got
you
know,
partners
and
solutions
and
technology
that
we
can
bring
to
market
together
right?
So
it's
very
much.
B
You
know,
as
we
know,
in
the
blockchain
space
and
ecosystem
play
and
being
able
to
do
that
in
a
in
a
holistic
way
is,
is
one
of
our
is
one
of
our
goals
and
and
and
really,
if
I
look
at
my
journey
over
the
course
of
the
last
couple
of
years
in
the
blockchain
space,
it's
it's
really
been
about.
You
know
how
do
how
do
we
help
grow?
The
total
addressable
market?
B
You
know,
I
still
believe
firmly
that
we're
in,
like
the
first
inning,
the
first
half
of
the
first
inning
in
this
space
and
there's
a
lot
of
innovation
to
come
a
lot
of
exciting
times
to
come
as
well,
and
so
you
know
we
look
at
the
the
blockchain
space
as
being
driven
by
the
ecosystem
right
and
and
for
us
it's
really
important
to
really
put
in
place.
You
know,
mechanisms
and
and
and
and
guidance
that
allows
others,
and
you
know
folks
like
yourselves,
to
work
with
us
really
simply
and
easily.
B
So
it's
about
partnership,
it's
about
creating
momentum,
creating
that
that
drive
in
the
industry
and
and
and
you
know,
basically
creating
an
environment
where
there's
growth
opportunity
for
everyone.
So
partnering
is
a
strategic
decision
that
we've
made
in
in
how
we
help
grow
the
blockchain
space.
So
that's
just
a
little
bit
about
me.
A
Fantastic,
you
know,
given
how
long
you've
spent
in
the
space
I'd
love
to
start
off
by
asking
you.
You
know,
help
our
audience,
understand
the
trends
in
cloud
storage
and
maybe
zoom
out
to
like
the
next
five
or
ten
years,
how
cloud
storage
is
gonna
evolve
and
how
decentralization
might
play
a
role
in
that.
B
Well,
I
mean
it
for
us
for
aws,
you
know
it
all
started.
You
know
back
in
march
of
2006,
when
we
launched,
you
know
s3
as
our
first
service
right,
the
simple
storage
service
right,
and
so
you
know,
we've
seen
significant
evolution
in
in
the
area
of
storage.
Since
then-
and
you
know,
we've
we've
seen
a
lot
of
underlying
technology
evolve
right.
We
went
from
spinning
disk
to
solid
state
right
and
I
think
what
we're
gonna
see
over
the
next
few
years
is
completely
radically
new
storage.
Architectures.
B
B
I
think,
with
the
blockchain
space
we're
going
to
see
you
know
kind
of
a
cambrian
explosion
on
data
and
storage,
and
it's
not
just
for
the
sake
of
you,
know,
storing
information.
It's
about
you
know,
smart
objects,
smart
data
and
how
do
we
kind
of
programmatize
and
make
available
a
much
more
dynamic
data
operating
environment?
And
so
you
know
you
have
to
have
a
storage
thesis
backing
that
that's
that's
really
important
and
I
think
the
notion
of
of
decentralized
storage.
B
While
I
do
think
it
is
early.
I'll
be
honest.
I
think
that
is
gonna
be
a
space
that
is
gonna,
be
very
exciting.
You
know,
we've
thought
we've
got
some
really
great
protocols.
Ipfs
is
a
great
protocol.
You
know
it's
it's
been
around
for
a
couple
of
years
now
and
you
know
I
think
what
what
will
drive
kind
of
the
next
evolution
in
the
in
decentralized
storage
is
going
to
be
the
user
experience
right.
B
So
how
do
we
replicate
the
kind
of
journey
that
we
went
through
in
you
know:
late
2000s
2010
up
to
2015
around
the
user
experience
for
very
fast
access,
high
throughput
data
storage,
architectures
that
results
in
you
know
almost
zero
latency
when
trying
to
stream
video
right
as
an
example,
and
so
I
think
we're
not
quite
there
yet.
I
think
we're
on
that
journey
and
I
think
it's
it's
great
time
for
folks
to
experiment
with
different
designs,
different
architectures,
different
configurations
of
a
mix
of
technologies.
A
Fantastic,
it's
so
amazing
to
kind
of
zoom
out
at
that
level
and
see
you
know
a
company
like
aws,
really
pioneer
the
cloud
storage
space,
but
also
see
well
into
the
future,
where
we're
going
to
reach
something
like
200
zettabytes
of
storage
and
how
that's
going
to
evolve
curious.
How
what
impact
do
you
think
blockchain
will
have
on
kind
of
the
full
suite
of
like
networking,
compute
and
storage
infrastructure
in
the
long
run
and
from
your
perspective
personally?
Is
there
a
world
where,
like
multiple
blockchains
and
aws,
could
co-exist.
B
Well,
I
would,
I
would
argue
that
that's
the
case
today
right,
you
know,
we
do
know
that
there
are
a
multitude
of
blockchain
technologies,
multiple
blockchain
protocols
out
there
today
I
would.
I
would
go
so
far
as
to
say
that
you
know
there
is
so
much
opportunity
that,
in
fact,
none
of
these
protocols
are
actually
competing
with
one
another
just
yet
right,
not
in
the
truest
sense
right,
and
so
you
know
what
we
see
is
a
lot
of
different
protocols
that
are
born
on
aws.
B
You
know
how
how
this
community
will
will
evolve
and
and
be
shaped
down
the
road-
and
you
know
again,
like
I
can't
stress
hard
more
enough,
like
we
are
thinking
of
this
from
an
ecosystem
perspective
and
working
with
partners
across
the
board
in
a
number
of
industries
and
a
number
of
verticals
to
make
sure
that
there's
a
portfolio
of
options
that
are
available
right
for
customers
who
are
going
to
go
down.
You
know
the
blockchain
journey
and
it's
not
just
enterprise
focus.
It's
you
know.
How
do
we
help
support?
B
You
know
those
companies,
organizations,
institutions
that
choose
to
go
down
the
public
path
as
well,
because
I
think
that's
where
you
know
that
fundamentally,
is
where
the
future
is
it's
a
question
of
readiness
in
in
in
the
minds
of
some
stakeholders
like?
Are
they
actually
ready
to
adopt
a
a
public
mindset?
But
I
think
that
is
where
the
future
is.
A
That's
fantastic,
I
mean
it
kind
of
goes
back
to
some
of
the
core
principles
of
amazon
that
you
know
the
customer
voice
comes
first
and
when
you
listen
to
that
customer
perspective
and
they're
looking
for
different
types
of
options,
whether
it
be
decentralized
or
different
other
protocols,
you
know
it's
great,
that
you
know
a
company
like
amazon
or
aws,
really
embraces
all
of
those
and
and
takes
the
perspective
that
the
market
should
decide
how
some
of
that
will
play
out
and
ultimately
give
that
those
customers,
the
choice
there.
So
that's
fantastic!
A
You
know
you've
been
involved
in
the
enterprise
alliance
for
many
many
years
now
back.
You
know
when
ethereum
enterprise
alliance
kind
of
came
into
fruition,
and
so
I'm
curious.
You
know
what
are
some
of
the
top
enterprise
requirements
that
you've
seen
back
then
how
they
evolved
to
today
and
what
do
different
protocols?
A
B
Sure,
and-
and
you
know
I'll
go
back
to
my
my
time
at
cisco,
where
you
know
I
really
started
my
journey
in
this
space,
and
you
know
I
was
asking
a
pretty
fundamental
question,
which
was
you
know?
What
would
the
future
of
blockchain
look
like?
You
know
independent
of
the
various
nuanced
protocols
that
were
emerging
at
the
time,
but
what
would
the
future
of
blockchain
look
like
if
the
fabric
of
the
internet
itself
was
blockchain
enabled
right?
B
If
you
now
have
switching
and
routing
and
communications
infrastructure
that
could
be
self-organized
optimized
for
delivery
of
you
know
blocks
optimized
for
the
delivery
of
transaction
data,
hash
data
right?
What
does
what
does
that
future
look
like
and
that's
when
we
started
the
journey
of
you
know?
How
would
we,
as
a
company,
consume
this
technology?
You
know
let
alone
build
the
technology.
B
How
would
we
consume
it,
and
and
that's
when
we
started
the
journey
of
really
digging
into
you-
know
the
business
of
of
of
the
organization,
multiple
facets
of
the
organization
and
really
understand
what
the
needs
are
and
and
so
yeah
you're
right
I
mean
I
helped
start
the
enterprise
ethereum
alliance.
That
was
a
very
interesting
you
know
meeting
in
conversation
you
know
in
in
the
hotel
lobby,
in
in
shanghai,
at
devcon
2.
You
know
where
a
bunch
of
us
we
gathered
around
vitalik
and
said
enterprise.
Ethereum
might
be
a
thing.
B
Let's,
let's
go,
take
a
look
at
it
and
and
kind
of
driving.
That
motivation
was
that
observation
of
what
could
we
do
as
cisco
as
a
consumer
of
the
technology?
How
would
we
use
it
and
recognizing
that
the
ecosystem
that
that
cisco
is
a
company
supports
and
is
a
part
of,
is
very
dynamic
right
there?
There
are
folks
coming
into
and
out
of
it
all
the
time,
maybe
almost
on
a
daily
basis,
and
so
how
do
we
define
blockchain
architectures?
B
B
So
I'm
a
big
believer
in
in
perimeter-less
operating
environments.
The
idea
that
there
are
no
more
the
four
classical
four
walls
of
an
enterprise
or
an
organization.
You
have
to
be
able
to
defend
at
every
layer
within
your
within
your
business
and
so
smart
data
objects.
I
mean
that
becomes
interesting.
Well,
could
that
be
a
token-like
model
right?
B
Well,
if
you
gotta,
if
you
have
a
patient
record,
that
is
its
own
self-contained
data
object
and
an
application
is,
is,
is
trying
to
access
that
data
object.
The
data
blob
should
be
able
to
say
prove
to
me
that
you
are
an
application
that
is
authorized
to
be
executing
on
this
resource
and
that
you
are
authorized
to
actually
access
this
information
and
the
only
response
that
the
application
should
be
able
to
give
back
is
well.
B
Here's
my
address
on
the
ledger
and
the
data
blob
can
they
can
then
go
back
and
independently
verify
yeah
that
yes,
the
provisioning
and
the
deployment
and
the
efficacy
of
this
of
this
application
is
sound
and
therefore
I
can
now
you
know,
release
information.
So
you
know
it's
kind
of
ideas
like
this,
that
we
were
kind
of
experimenting
with.
A
Fantastic,
so
you
mentioned
obviously
confidentiality
privacy
security.
You
know,
as
the
data
economy
evolves,
two
of
the
other
properties
or
you
know
similar
properties
that
we're
really
investing
in
as
a
popcorn
network
is
around
data
immutability
and
data
integrity,
and
we
think
that's
might
be
the
kind
of
crux
of
long-term
data
presentation
preservation.
A
B
I
I
think
it's
I
think
it's
critical,
because
at
the
end
of
the
day
you
know
a
lot
of
the
workflows
that
are
going
to
exist,
whether
you're,
on
the
enterprise
side
of
the
blockchain
equation
or
on
the
public
side
of
the
blockchain
equation,
is
going
to
come
down
to
efficacy
right.
Is
there
efficacy
in
the
data?
B
And
if
there
isn't,
then
how
do
you
base
a
business
decision
on
data
that
you
don't
really
100
trust
right
or
you
don't
really
have
you
know
the
the
provenance
of
that
data
or
the
provenance
of
the
infrastructure?
That's
supporting
that
data
right.
So
I
look
at
these
as
kind
of
a
very
intricate
web
of
of
proofs.
If
you
will
right
that
all
lead
to
the
efficacy
of
data
and,
of
course,
that
is
dependent
on
you
know,
data
integrity
and
data
immutability.
B
So
I'm
a
I'm
a
big
proponent
of
of
iot
and
I
truly
believe
that
that
blockchain
technology
as
a
sector
is
a
major
enabler
of
iot,
and
so
you
know
I
think,
what's
going
to
be
really
interesting.
Is
that
as
we
look
at
the
oil
and
gas
and
the
renewables
energy
renewable
space,
just
the
whole
energy
sector
is
kind
of
poised
for
transformation
and
the
amount
of
data
that
exists
in
that
industry?
B
Is
you
know
astounding
right,
but
a
lot
of
the
operational
data
that
could
be
used
for
provenance
could
be
used
for
building.
Efficacy
is
thrown
away
right
or
is
not
accessible
or
there's
an
air
gap,
because
the
protocol
within
not
just
the
first
mile
but
the
first
few
inches
you
know-
is
designed
in
such
a
way
that
it
needs
to
be
intrinsically
safe
right.
So
you
know
there
are
architectural
decisions
that
need
to
be
made
over
the
next
next
years.
B
Next
few
years
and
and
again,
storage
is
such
a
critical
component
of
that
equation,
because
if
you
can't
prove
the
efficacy
in
how
your
carbon
footprint
strategy
is
going,
then
when
you
make
a
carbon
footprint,
disclosure
and
you'd
lack
the
genealogy
and
provenance
information
underneath
it
well.
Did
you
really
meet
your
target
right
and
if
you
didn't
really
meet
your
target,
does
that
now
prevent
you
from
getting
access
to
additional
working
capital
right
from
an
investment
perspective?
So
you
know
these
things
are
going
to
be
dovetailed
into
one
another
over
the
next
few
years.
B
I
still
think
we're
still
trying
to
figure
out.
You
know
the
the
foundational
infrastructure
if
you
will,
but
I
think
the
race
is
coming
where,
if
you
can
actually
prove
you
know
without
a
shadow
of
doubt
and
unassailable.
You
know,
you
know
unassailable
efficacy.
Around
data
you're
gonna
be
in
a
very
good
spot.
A
Totally,
I
mean
that's.
One
thing
we
really
share
in
terms
of
perspective
is
that
95
of
the
world's
data
today
does
not
get
stored,
and
you
know
some
of
that
pi
maybe
doesn't
deserve
to
be
stored,
but
some
of
it,
like
the
use
cases
that
you
just
described,
we
just
don't
have
the
means
or
kind
of
the
cost
effectiveness
or
kind
of
the
tech
to
store
it
in
the
right
ways,
and
so
that's
kind
of
like
the
big
prize.
I
think
that
you
know
most
folks
in
in
the
storage
world
are
looking
after.