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From YouTube: How to Be a Good Grid Citizen - Olya Irzak
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A
Hi
everyone
so
yeah,
so
I
wanted
to
talk
a
little
bit
about
not
just
you
know,
I
think,
there's
been
a
lot
of
like
really
phenomenal
work.
That's
been
done
on.
You
know,
renewables
and
ppa
and
kind
of
how
to
quantify
that,
and
I
wanted
to
talk
a
little
bit
more
about
flexibility
of
the
demand
specifically.
A
So
the
basic
rule
of
the
grid
right
is
for
every
second
electricity
supply
has
to
equal
electricity
demands,
plus
whatever
losses
you
have
on
the
lines
right
and
whatever
losses
you
have
on
the
lines
actually
closer
and
whatever
losses
you
have
on
the
lines
actually
varies
with
temperatures
and
with
the
load
on
it
right.
So
that's
actually
not
a
constant,
and
so
what
used
to
happen?
Is
we
thought
of
demand
as
very
very
static
and
supply
as
as
as
dispatchable?
A
So
when
you
flip
the
light
switch,
there
was
a
power
plant
somewhere
that
would
spin
up,
and
now
you
know
we
can
actually
control
our
demand
much
more
dynamically
okay.
So
let
me
run
really
quickly
through
how
the
electrogram
is
designed.
This
is
specifically
on
what's
called
deregulated
markets,
it
is
a
misnomer.
Everybody
is
regulated,
utilities
are
regulated,
the
grid
operators
are
regulated,
but
some
a
little
bit
more
than
others,
and
these
are
the
ones
that
have
auctions
so
they're
a
little
bit
more
transparent
compared
to
what
we
see
in
like
fully
integrated
utilities.
A
Okay,
so
you've
got
a
grid
operator
right.
So
this
is
true
for
about
half
of
the
areas
in
the
us
and
for
a
lot
of
europe,
so
they
had.
They
predict
the
demand
in
a
variety
of
basically
all
the
places
that
they
control
right
then
solve
what's
called
the
optimal
power
flow
program
problem
that
basically
means
demand
and
supply
matching
given
the
constraints
and
then
there's
an
auction
for
supply
right.
A
So
a
lot
of
renewables
bid
in
at
zero,
but
as
the
auction
stacks
up
the
end
right
like
when
you've
met
the
demand,
that's
what
everybody
else
gets
paid.
Similarly,
an
hour
ahead
right,
you
have
better
prediction:
demands
right,
because
the
day
ahead,
there's
still
a
lot
of
errors
come
from.
Let's
say
weather
forecasts
an
hour
ahead.
You
have
a
slightly
better
idea
of.
A
They
can't
need
that
event
and
then
there's
a
bunch
of
real-time
things
right,
like
frequency
in
the
grid,
can't
vary
by
more
than
like
0.1
hertz,
and
so
you
know,
you're
looking
at
very
fine-tuned,
ics
work
there
and,
as
you
see,
there's
not
necessarily
a
great
reason
as
to
why
that
limit
exists,
and
so
you
know
you
kind
of
need
to
fine-tune
that
and
then,
of
course,
there's
things
like
hey
a
power
plant
went
down.
There's
some
emergency.
A
They
literally
have
the
ability
of
shutting
off
neighborhoods
and
cities
not
used
very
frequently
okay.
So
what
does
that
demand?
Look
like
here's.
An
example
of
this
is
specifically
the
california
grid
operator.
When
you
have
40
million
people,
you
can
do
a
much
better
job
at
predicting
the
demand
closer,
the
fewer
people
you
have
the
harder
this
gets,
so
the
dotted
green
line
is
a
day
ahead.
The
dotted
black
line
is
is
an
hour
ahead
and
the
solid
green
is
what
actually
happened.
So
you
can
see
this
particular
day
was
pretty
close.
A
Also
we're
saying
that
the
congestion
like
really
really
matters.
This
is
6
p.m.
In
california,
which
is
one
of
the
like
highest
usage
hours,
and
you
can
see
that
in
the
blue,
you've
got
some
negative
prices
and,
in
the
red,
you've
got
some
really
high
prices.
So
here's
like
a
giant
giant
spread.
So
where
you
locate
your
industrial
facility,
you
know
matters
not
just
which
good
you're
at,
but
also
where
exactly
you
are
on
that
grid,
especially
if
you're
exposed
to
real-time
prices.
A
Okay,
so
now
the
job
of
the
utility
maintain
the
poles
and
wires
buy
some
power,
sell
some
power
basically
and
a
couple
of
other
things.
Specifically,
they
really
want
to
protect
residential
consumers
from
real-time
situations,
because
those
can
be
wild
right,
like
electricity
can
cost
10
15
times
more
one
hour
than
the
next,
and
you
don't
want
to
expose
the
average
grammar
to
this,
because
there's
no
way
of
for
them
to
even
know
what
that
is.
Let
alone
react
to
it.
A
Right
but
you
do
want
to
be
exposing
industrial
customers
right,
which
is,
I
think,
what
at
least
some
of
the
folks
in
the
room
run
large
data
centers.
So
you
do
want
to
expose
industrial
customers
to
any
anything
that
they're
doing
on
the
grid
that
makes
the
utility
or
the
grid
operator's
job
more
difficult
or
more
expensive.
A
For
example,
if
you
have
large
power
spikes
right
so,
for
example,
here's
what's
called
the
demand
charges,
which
is
part
of
every
industrial
or
almost
every
industrial
operator
that
I
know
of
right,
which
has
the
15
minutes
in
the
month
that
you
use
the
most
electricity
that
sets
what's
called
your
demand
charges
right.
So
that
basically
means
this
is
the
the
utility
has
to
assume
that
you
can
use
that
much
at
any
time
you
want,
and
so
they
have
to
upgrade
the
lines,
the
transformers
all
of
the
electrical
infrastructure
up.
A
A
Okay,
so
you
know
no,
given
that
right,
like
what
are
things
that
you
can
do
that
would
be,
you
know,
would
really
help
the
grid
operate.
Okay,
so
one
thing
that's
important
to
know
is
kind
of
what
flexibility
you
have
and,
of
course,
what
flexibility
you
have
depends
on.
You
know
how
how
much
you
have
to
run
your
equipment
and
still
you
know
and
can
still
generate
revenue,
and
that
will
you
know,
of
course,
vary
by
the
price
of
electricity.
A
So,
let's
say
if
you
know
two
cents
a
kilowatt
hour,
maybe
like
the
cheapest,
the
cheapest
solar
in
the
world.
Basically,
you
know
if
you
can
run
a
30.
You
can
literally
just
collocate
with
that
with
that
solar
farm.
In
that
case,
you
know,
of
course,
that's
very
likely
to
be
older
hardware
right.
The
hardware
is
expensive,
and
so,
when
you're
using
expensive
hardware,
you
typically
have
to
run
it
a
lot
a
lot
more
in
order
to
just
be
able
to
pay
back
those
costs
right.
A
So
this
is
just
one
example,
but
the
idea
is:
what
is
the
flexibility
like?
How
much
can
you
actually
give
up
in
order
to
participate
in
these
variety
of
grid
programs
right?
So,
if
we're
using
the
idea
is
that
a
lot
of
people
are
already
using
ppas
to
bring
in
lower
emissions,
lower
cost
electricity
onto
the
grid,
but
the
problem
of
balancing,
like
the
heart
problem
of
what
you
do
with
the
intermittency,
is
now
generally
pushed
to
the
grid
right.
Well,
as
here
you
can
use
your
flexibility
to
help
that
integrate.
A
A
You
can
help
not
have
that,
and
so
you
basically
sign
up
it's
usually
no
more
than
10
days
in
the
year
and
usually
just
a
few
hours
a
day
right
that
you
would
shut
down
and
for
that
time,
even
if
you're,
even
if
you're,
never
being
called
on
to
do
that,
just
you
providing
that
that
flexibility
to
be
there
if
it's
even
needed,
it
might
not
be
needed,
like
there's
like
a
monitor
award
for
it
and
also
you're
like
really
helping
the
grid.
A
It
really
depends
on
how
predictable
your
baseline
is.
When
I
messed
around
with
this
back
when
I
was
working
in
google,
nobody
would
come
in
on
fridays,
and
so
fridays
were
lower
like,
even
if
you
did
nothing,
it
was
lower
than
your
baseline.
Baseline
is
usually
five
business
days
out
of
five,
and
so
there's
a
little
bit
of
caveats
there
around
what
you
do
there.
Okay,
so
let's
say
you've
got
five
percent.
You
can
probably
reduce
those
demand
charges
so
those
big
spikes
that
make
the
utilities
upgraded
performers
and
their
wires.
A
You
know
that's
something
that
you
can
probably
reduce.
You
can
also
maybe
do
this
with
batteries
or
solar
if
you're
like,
if
your
computer
is
like
very
constant
and
really
the
spikes
are
basically
caused
by
ac.
Those
could
coincide
with
solar
time,
so
that
might
be
there
might
be
other
ways
of
reducing
that,
rather
than
directly
flexibility.
A
Okay,
so
this
is
when
it
gets
interesting.
You've
got
a
little
bit
more
flexibility.
One
thing
you
can
do
is
get
exposed
to
real-time
prices
right
so
essentially,
instead
of
the
utility
buying
and
selling
power
on
your
behalf,
you
can
say
well
wait.
I
can
do
this
better,
because
I
can
predict
my
demand
better
and
because,
if
prices
get
really
expensive,
I
can
shut
down
right.
A
So
if
you
have
systems
right,
this
is
of
course,
a
lot
of
work,
but
if
you
have
systems
that
can
plug
into
the
signals
from
the
grid
operators-
and
you
know
they
can
shut
down
your
systems
for
the
hour-
that
it's
really
expensive,
you
can
do
a
much
better
job
than
the
utility,
and
so
that
would
be
both
cheaper
for
you
and
cleaner
for
the
grid.
Right
and
you
know,
there's
kind
of
a
big
question
of
whether
the
price
signals
are
related
to
emissions
right,
which
I
think
in
so
depends
right.
A
If
you're
in
europe
and
the
us,
you
can
use
watt
time
to
find
out
whether
that's
true
or
not,
and
make
decision
based
on
both
but
otherwise
like.
A
Even
if
you
don't
right,
if
you
think
of
even
natural
gas
combined
cycle
natural
gas,
60
thermally
efficient
right
peakers
are,
I
don't
know
like
40
best
case
scenario,
so
even
for
the
same
amount
of
natural
gas,
you
burn
you
get
one
and
a
half
times
more
electricity
for
the
steady
sources
rather
than
the
spiky
sources,
because
of
the
better
heat
recovery
right
and
so
like
even
there.
I
think
that
makes
sense
if
you
have
that
kind
of
flexibility.
One
of
the
other
things
you
can
do
is
stranded
sources
right.
A
So
you
know,
there's
been
a
lot
of
talk
recently
about
like
using
oil
and
gas
flares
and
right
to
power,
biko
mana,
which
I
think
makes
like
tons
and
tons
of
sense.
But
you
know
keep
in
mind
in
the
us
at
least
they
move
every
six
months,
you're
running
your
own
generators,
so
you
are
going
to
have
a
lot
more
downtime
than
the
like
99.99
uptime
of
the
grid.
I
probably
forgot
a
few
nines
okay.
A
So
then,
if
you
have
really
really
really
a
lot
of
flexibility
right,
if
on
you
know,
obviously
for
at
you
know,
70
flexibility,
you're
willing
to
give
up,
probably
you're
going
for
like
two
cent
electricity
or
something
very
cheap
with
like
older
hardware
and
by
the
way
older
hardware
has
the
upside
of
having
better
embodied
carbon
footprint
right
because
you're
reusing
stuff
for
longer.
A
But
in
that
case
literally,
you
might
as
well
just
plug
right
into
a
renewable
energy
farm
and
just
like
disconnect
the
grid
entirely,
because
if
you
can
match
your
demand
to
the
supply
of
renewables
and
you're
on
the
grid,
you're
still
like
contributing
to
congestion
on
the
transmission
lines
right,
so
you're
not
actually
totally
neutral
in
that
case.
A
But
if
you
collocate
right
next
to
the
producer,
then
the
entire
grid
system
is
kind
of
out
of
it,
and
none
of
that
maintenance
and
the
congestions
and
the
loss
of
electricity
to
everyone
else
because
of
the
large
stuff
that
you're
pushing
and
pulling
like.
None
of
that
is
there,
and
you
know
that
should
reflect
in
the
pricing
as
well
right
or
you
can
build
your
own
renewables
and
then
plug
into
those
okay.
A
One
last
thing
is:
if
you
have
fine
grain
control
over
your
electricity
right,
if
you
can
do
it
at
a
four
second
basis
right,
if
you
can
kind
of
like
up
and
down
your
electricity,
then
you
can
help
with
frequency
regulation.
That
is
extremely
like
extremely
valuable
to
the
grid.
Right,
because
there's
not
that
many
things
on
it
right
now
they
can
do
that
and
they
can
be
metered
right.
Evs
are
probably
a
really
good
use
case
for
it,
but
they
need
they
require
a
special
expensive
meter.
A
So
you
would
never
do
this
for
one
of
you,
you'd
only
do
it
for
a
fleet.
So
that's
something
that
could
be
like
a
very,
very
lucrative
market
and
of
course,
if
you
can
do
it
on
a
one-hour
basis,
then
all
of
the
real-time
exposure
makes
a
lot
of
sense
all
of
a
sudden
okay.
So
the
three
things
that
I
think
makes
sense
to
think
about
is
picking
the
right
location
in
the
right
grid,
and
that
depends
on
your
flexibility.
So,
for
example,
you
could
go
and
let's
say
you
have
20
flexibility.
A
So
you
go.
You
look
at
the
lmps,
the
local,
marginal
prices
at
the
area,
you're
interested
in
and
add
them
all
up
up
to
80
of
the
cheapest
stuff
and
see
where
that
is
the
cheapest
right
which
may
may
or
may
not
coincide
with
where
it's
the
cleanest
right.
But
I
think
what
time
can
help
you
do
that
you
know
cut
your
demand
at
like
really
really
strategic
times,
right
and
even
as
low
as
three
percent
demand.
A
Flexibility
can
get
you
quite
a
bit
and
then
consider
stranded
energy
sources,
and
for
all
of
these
things,
I
think
there's
like
really
cool
tools
that
we
can
build
to
make
it
easier
for
people
to
integrate
into
that
and
yeah.
I
think
that's
all
I
got
thank
you.