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From YouTube: Sustainability - Austin Federa
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A
All
right,
great
thanks
for
coming,
I'm
austin
federer.
I
work
for
a
solana
foundation
where
I
work
on
a
bunch
of
different
stuff
for
us
and
sustainable
initiatives
and
is
definitely
one
of
the
things
that
we've
spent
a
lot
of
time.
Thinking
about
so
just
wanted
to
start
out.
Sauna
network
you
can
see,
has
been
growing
exponentially
over
the
last
about
year
and
a
half
main
net
went
live
in
march
of
2020,
so
you
can
see
you
know
daily
active
developer,
repos
and
active
programs
on
chain
has
been
increasing.
A
Since
then,
you
can
really
see
the
validator
community
is
quite
large
at
this
point.
Over
3
500
nodes
over
1700
validators,
just
a
nakamoto
coefficient
of
28,
which
is,
if
you're
not
familiar
it's
on
a
proof
of
stake
network.
It's
a
measurement
of
how
decentralized
the
network
is.
This
is
the
the
number
of
entities
you
would
need
to
compromise
to
basically
cause
the
network
to
fault.
This
number
varies
wildly
depending
on
chains.
Most
chains
are
somewhere
between
5
and
15
on.
If
you
look
at
bitcoin
mining
pools,
it's
about
four.
A
If
you
look
at
ethereum
mining
pools
it's
somewhere
in
the
neighborhood
of
four
as
well,
so
this
is
just
a
good
measure
of
how
decentralized
a
network
is.
You
know
at
peak,
we've
got
something
about
22
million
monthly,
active
users.
There's
about
5
million
weekly
active
users.
You
get
about
1
million
daily
active
users.
All
this
is
really
just
to
say
that
there's
a
ton
of
work,
that's
being
done
on
the
network,
and
you
see
that
it's
really
increasing
adoption.
A
A
This
was
a
14
year
old
girl
who
created
this
beluga
artwork
raised
1.4
million
dollars
for
beluga
conservation
and
was
up
in
alaska,
actually
delivering
one
of
the
checks
to
one
of
the
conservation
groups
up
there
she's
had
a
lot
of
trouble,
deploying
one
and
a
half
million
dollars
of
conservation
work,
because
these
environmental
groups
up
there
get
so
little
funding
that
the
guy
was
like.
I
can
only
make
use
of
fifty
thousand
dollars
right
now.
Let's
work
on
a
long
term
plan
which
is
really
interesting.
A
The
second
one
is
this:
nft
project
called
degenerate
trash
pandas.
They
they
launched
on
solana,
they
they
had
a
ton
of
attention
and
they
were
trying
to
like
take
their
community
treasury
and
put
it
towards
good
work.
So
they
did
joined
with
this
environmental
artist
to
create
this
installation
outside
of
one
of
the
un
plastics
delegations
in
nairobi,
about
banning
single-use
plastic
bags.
A
They've
been
doing
this
at
a
bunch
of
these
hacker
houses
that
we
host
around
the
world
to
sort
of
bring
attention
to
some
of
the
environmental
impact
of
just
things
in
the
world
and
using
nft
projects
as
a
way
to
sort
of
bring
cultural
cachet
to
a
lot
more
of
this
environmental
focused
work,
that's
being
done
so,
let's
talk
a
little
about
energy
efficiency.
The
network
itself
was
built
to
be
incredibly
energy
efficient,
and
this
was
not
for
sustainable
mindset
right
just
just
to
lay
it
out
from
the
beginning.
A
The
goal
is
to
create
the
most
efficient
network
possible
that
inadvertently
ends
up
being
one
of
the
most
environmentally
friendly
chains,
because
you're
having
so
much
energy
efficiency
on
a
per
transaction
basis.
So
the
validator
network
uses
about
3000
tons
of
co2
per
year
right
now,
and
each
transaction
is
about
two
to
three:
google
searches
worth
of
energy.
This
works
at
about
2
700
joules
for
comparison,
I
think
an
ethereum
transaction
about
770
million
joules
of
energy,
so
we're
talking
about
massive
orders
of
magnitude
in
the
base
level.
Energy
reduction.
A
A
That'll
increase
that
that
you
know
co2
equivalent,
but
one
of
the
really
exciting
pieces
about
this
is
we
expect
that
two
to
three
google
searches
of
energy
usage
to
stay
about
constant
as
the
network
scales
into
the
future,
we
can
do
about
50
000
transactions
per
second
right
now,
which
is
a
lot,
but
not
necessarily
enough
to
power.
All
the
world's
infrastructure,
so
looking
at
expansions
on
that,
the
real
thing
to
look
at
here,
though,
is
these
systems
are
at
best
on
par
with
web
2
systems.
A
We're
not
actually
building
systems
on
blockchain
that
are
reducing
energy
load
below
what
you
would
see
in
the
web
2
equivalent
yet
and
that's
kind
of
where
a
lot
of
this
next
generation
stuff
comes
into
play.
How
do
we
move
things
away
from
a
server
centric
model
where
the
front
end
of
a
decentralized
application
needs
to
be
hosted
somewhere?
You
push
that
out
to
the
user
level,
suddenly
you're,
seeing
the
ability
the
same
way
that,
like
micro
grids,
create
better
alternatives
for
sustainability
than
massive
power
plants
that
are
being
run
in
sustainable
ways.
A
All
these
different
ways
of
building
systems
can
start
changing
the
relationship
between
energy
usage
and
where
it's
actually
being
consumed
on
the
grid.
So
this
is
a
bunch
of
the
stuff
we're
thinking
about
in
terms
of
how
this
stuff
gets
developed
moving
forwards.
These
calculations
were
all
done
by
a
guy
robert
murphy,
who
is
an
energy
consultant
that
we
we
brought
in
all
this
data
is
available
on
solana.com
environment.
A
We
actually
have
like
incredible
sourcing
and
tracing
on
this,
because
we
have
most
of
our
validators
run
in
data
centers
or
large
institutions
around
the
world.
There's
about
you,
don't
really
think
of
mom
and
pop
data
centers,
but
it's
about
15
000,
independent
data
centers
around
the
world.
So
it's
not
like
these
things
are
all
running
in
aws
or
something
like
that.
But
because
of
that,
and
because
you
have
ip
address
visibility
on
solana,
we
can
actually
create
grid
composition,
maps
for
where
salon
validators
are
being
run.
A
Look
at
the
energy
composition
of
those
data
center
reports,
and
so
all
that
data
has
been
been
open
sourced
as
well,
and
we're
trying
to
work
on
some
frameworks
to
actually
increase
the
granularity
of
that
data
right
now.
All
of
our
calculations
assume
that
there's
almost
zero
energy
offsetting,
that's
done.
Apart
from
the
base
grid
compositions.
I
know
like
a
third
of
the
data
centers
that
solana
validators
are
run
in.
A
They
have
a
100
green
power,
pledge
we're
not
even
taking
that
into
account
in
our
calculations,
because
we
can't
verify
that
that's
necessarily
actually
happening,
so
this
works
out
to
about
a
hundred
dollars
per
validator
per
year
in
high
quality
offsets.
That
being
said,
this
isn't
really
something
to
celebrate.
This
is
like
table
stakes
and
there's
there's
far
too
many
blockchains
out
there,
especially
layer
ones,
and
some
layer
twos
that
are
are
really
excited
about
the
offset
work.
A
They're
doing
they're
really
excited
to
come
up
and
talk
about
how
we've
made
our
network
carbon,
negative
or
carbon
neutral,
and
what
they're
doing
is
they're
buying
offsets
and,
as
I
think,
a
lot
of
you
know,
offsets
are
a
pretty
crap,
stop
gap
measure
they're,
they're,
fine,
they're
the
table
stakes,
though
you
really
shouldn't
celebrate
anyone
for
buying
offsets.
It's
the
bare
minimum.
You
should
be
doing
to
participate
in
this
system,
so
the
the
proposal
here
is
basically
offsets
are
fine.
A
You
should
take
the
money
you're
putting
into
offsets.
You
should
double
it
and
you
should
put
it
into
completely
unproven
technologies.
So
there's
groups
like
forward
there's
group,
like
straight
climate
fund,
watersheds
doing
some
of
this
work
as
well,
but
the
real
thing
that
we're
trying
to
get
to
here
is
a
world
where
everything
in
blockchain
is
built
on
exponential
returns
right
we're
either
someone
buys
a
token
because
they
think
the
value
is
going
to
go
up
or
they
build
on
a
system
because
they
think
one
day
you're
able
to
actually
take
that
system.
A
Stop
trying
to
focus
on
offsets.
Everything
else
in
this
industry,
specifically
in
blockchain,
is
built
with
the
idea
that
we're
going
to
do
a
little
bit
now
and
it's
going
to
lay
the
groundwork
to
build
something
up
later
into
the
future
and
unfortunately,
the
way
that
everyone's
thinking
about
climate
and
sustainability
we're
taking
a
very
web
2
model
of
like,
what's
the
safest,
most
proven
track
record
and
you're
trying
to
apply
that
to
your
climate
solutions
and
instead
there's
a
graph
that
shows
the
price
of
solar
from
like
1975
to
like
2019.
A
And
you
see
it
went
from
extremely
expensive,
like
over
two
hundred
dollars
down
to
less
than
a
dollar,
and
the
question
is:
is
if
you'd
taken
300
million
dollars
in
1986
and
you'd
put
it
into
solar?
How
quickly
would
that
cost
curve
reduction
have
happened?
Would
we
have
gotten
there
in
the
year
2010
instead
of
2020.,
we've
gotten
there
in
the
year
2000?
Instead,
these
are
all
things
that
like
what's
happening.
A
Now
is
all
these
emerging
technologies
they
might
be
able
to
get
funding,
but
they
have
no
buyers
because
they're
talking
about
direct
air
capture
at
a
thousand
dollars,
a
ton
they're
talking
about
a
kelp
farm,
that's
trying
to
sink
kelp
below
you
know
into
the
deep
ocean
to
remove
it
from
the
carbon
cycle.
A
So
that's
that's
a
problem
right,
but
there's
all
these
solutions
out
there
that,
like
they're,
really
solid
ideas
but
they're,
not
proven
and
bringing
just
a
little
bit
of
that
exponential
thinking
potential
into
it.
Really
matters
solana
doesn't
pay
a
ton
in
terms
of
offsets
right,
we're
buying
really
high
quality
stuff.
Through
watershed,
we
did
cfc
capture
from
refrigerant
recycling
in
india,
because
you
know
that's
a
pretty
good
thing
to
do.
But
again,
like
don't
celebrate
that
work,
it's
really
about.
A
How
do
we
move
beyond
that
stuff
because
that's
just
table
stakes
and
three
thousand
tons
a
year
is
not
much
money.
It's
under
a
hundred
thousand
dollars
in
terms
of
what
we're
actually
paying
to
have
to
offset
this
stuff
for
the
most
part.
But
if
you
take
that
money
and
you
put
into
unproven
tech,
maybe
that
brings
the
cycle
up
five
years.
A
Maybe
that
makes
something
that
wasn't
possible
now
possible
and
so
we're
doing
that
we're
doubling
our
let's
see
if
the
next
button
works,
yeah
so
donate
as
much
as
you
spend
on
offsets
to
unproven
tech.
This
is
like
a
request
of
every
blockchain
foundation
out
there.
That
is
doing
this
kind
of
work,
but
is
not
actually
looking
at
it
from
an
exponential
returns
perspective.
Filecoin's
done
amazing
stuff
in
terms
of
energy,
offsets
they've
bought
what
1.6
terawatts.
A
It
would
be
awesome
if
they
took
that
same
money
and
put
it
into
unproven
tech
as
well
to
help
accelerate
that
cycle.
Polygon
is
doing
a
bunch
of
this
stuff
too,
but
they're
not
putting
that
money
into
unproven
tech
as
well,
and
you
can
do
both
right.
These
foundations
are
rich.
We
have
enough
budgets
to
do
stuff,
we're
looking
for
smart
places
to
deploy
this
money,
and
I
think,
there's
better
ways
to
do
this
than
just
looking
at
building
the
highest
quality
offsets.