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A
A
So,
first
of
all,
for
those
who
don't
know
me,
I'm
I'm,
Doug
little
Burke
and
Jeff
stands
for
geophysical
inversion
facility.
That's
something
that
we
started
received
many
years
ago
and
the
goal
of
that
was
to
try
to
develop
the
technology
and
carry
out
research
problems
that
would
actually
make
geophysics
much
more
useful
and,
throughout
the
decades
that's
kind
of
been
our
persistent
gold.
Give
us
some
difficult
a
doubt.
What
can
you
tell
about
the
earth
that
is
important
for
that?
A
And
there's
been
just
an
absolute
ton
of
exceptional
students
who
have
come
through
that
the
latest
crop,
if
you
like,
is
Lindsey
and
growing
so
that
kind
of
sets
the
bar
and
then
Mauricio
wasn't
really
part
of
Jeff,
but
he
was
there
all
the
time
we
were
doing
doing
this
and
you
people,
like
all
that
paper.
The
Curt
Martin
house
worth
was
there
for
a
while
and
Yahoo
League.
A
A
The
old
days,
yes,
pen,
sir,
this
is
a
slide,
but
I'm
gonna
talk
about
it
a
fair
bit.
It's
got
a
lot
of
information
on
it,
but
we
can
summarize
it
and
FG
helps
us
kind
of
carry
through
some
important
things
on
this
vertical
axis.
We
basically
got
different
types
of
data
or
surveyed
the
so
there's
DC
resistivity
in
IP
for
induced
polarization.
A
The
gravity
magnetic
problem
may
need
to
work
natural
sources,
and
this
is
frequency
domain
electromagnetics,
and
this
is
time,
domain
electromagnetics,
self
potential
MIP
for
magnetic
induced
polarization-
and
I
justwell
seismic
down
here
at
the
bottom
mauricio.
It's
the
only
part
that
we've
actually
worked
on,
but
they're,
of
course,
just
a
huge
number
of
sub
disciplines
that
you
could
go
through
with
respect
to
the
to
the
size
make
them
along
this
axis.
We
have
time
starting
at
about
1975
up
to
the
present.
A
If
you
notice
on
here,
I
think
the
big
things
that
strength
you
are
they
okay,
there's
some
vertical
lines
here.
What's
that
these
lines
and
these
boxes
and
these
queues
are
representations,
the
kind
of
weather
that
inversion
problem
is
done
in
one
dimension
is
done
in
two
dimensions
or
three
and
there's
such
a
big
gap
with
respect
to
being
able
to
solve
a
practical
problem,
whether
you've
got
just
a
few
transmitters
or
whether
you
have
a
lot
of
transmitters
and
in
GF
isn't
an
expert.
A
The
e/m
part,
especially
we
take
our
transmitters
up
into
the
air,
and
so
there's
some
boxes
in
here
that
you
can
see
have
a
little
bit
of
whoo
baby
that
doesn't
show
up
too
much,
but
you
there
colored
at
the
top,
and
that
indicates
that
this
experiment
was
done
in
the
air.
So
this
means
I
can't
have
solved
a
1d
problem
for
ground
and
I
can
also
solve
it.
A
Pretty
average,
which
is
basically
means
I,
got
losses
versus,
and
we
still
don't
have
quite
as
much
data
as
the
seismic,
but
it's
not
uncommon
to
have
you
know
hundred
thousand
sources
and
locations
of
transmitters
flying
over
a
region,
and
you
really
want
to
get
that
full
spectrum
of
the
information.
So
that's
that's
kind
of
the
the
pieces
of
this
life
just
to
kind
of
go
back.
A
little
bit.
I
actually
got
my
PhD
at
Scripps
Institution
of
Oceanography
and
was
mentored
by
three
wonderful
people.
A
Mike
immediate
supervisor
was
Bob
Parker,
who,
if
you've
ever
read
any
of
his
stuff,
you'll
just
kind
of
see
how
amazing
the
guy
is
and
the
other
two
people
work,
George
Backus
and
Freeman
Gilbert,
who
did
some
of
the
seminal
work
on
geophysical,
inversion
and
I.
Think
out
of
that
group,
that's
at
Scripps
really
comes
the
base
intellectual
foundation
and
mathematical
approach.
A
How
to
view
the
problem
do
the
inverse
problem
when
you're
thinking
about
an
overt
or
an
underdetermined
system
when
you've
got
more
parameters
or
ourselves
that
you
have
have
data,
and
you
know
over
the
years,
there's
there's
basically
two
arms
for
inversion,
there's
either
the
deterministic
arm,
which
I
would
argue,
really
came
from
that
Scripps
group
and
there's
a
Bayesian
approach
which
is
slightly
different.
But
those
are
the
two.
Those
are
the
two
base
based
pillars:
everything
that
we
do
because
I
was
a
partner.
A
A
If
what
can
you
kind
of
take
away
here
from
from
this?
So
first
of
all,
you
notice
that
these
vertical
lines
are
all
kind
of
in
this
end
of
the
diagram.
So
what
does
that
mean?
That
means
from
1975
to
early
80s?
We
were
basically
solving
1d
problems
at
the
reason
that
we
were
solving
1d
problems.
Is
that
that's
what
computers
would
allow
when
I
first
came
to
UBC,
we
would
have
put
a
1d
DC,
resistivity
inversion,
set
it
going
put
it
in
overnight.
A
And
for
those
of
you
couldn't
go
back
far
enough
when
I
was
at
University
of
Alberta,
the
computer
that
was
running
their
old
campus
was
in
a
room
that
was
probably
10
times
the
size
of
this
and
massive
amount
of
equipment,
and
it
had
three
hundred
64
kilobytes
of
memory.
So
you
know
you
kind
of
get
that
get
the
idea
that
we're
the
problems
that
we're
going
to
try
to
solve
are
really
intimately
connected,
of
course,
with
the
whatever
we
have
for
for
computing.
A
Now,
this
region
in
here
sort
of
1985,
that
was
the
advent
of
you,
know,
started
in
that
rate.
That's
when
the
workstations
were
I
mean
if
you
get
these
Sun
workstations,
that
cost
you
an
arm
and
leg,
but
you
know
suddenly
we
could
start
to
work
independently,
other
mainframes
starting
to
get
better
around,
and
they
were
sufficient
about
this
by
our
speed
that
you
can
start
to
start
to
do
things.
So
that
then
means
that
that's
opening
up
towards
2d
problems,
you
know
and
1d
we
could
do
you
know
maybe
150
parameters
right.
A
Just
going
to
2d
means
that
okay
I've
got
150
by
150.
So
that's
a
big
scale
job
here,
but
that's
where
that
kind
of
the
other
thing
that
actually
these
perhaps
interesting
about
this,
is
you
notice
that
these
guys
aren't
all
staggered
on
the
on
the
same
line?
And
the
reason
for
that
is
that
there
are
certain
problems
that
are
easier
than
others.
For
instance,
like
a
1d
DC
resistivity
problem
is
a
lot
easier
than
a
1d
time-domain
EDM
problem.
So
there's
a
little
bit
of
progression,
never
see
that
also.
A
So
we
got
the
workstation
and
british
columbia.
It
was
actually
quite
a
quite
amazing
they
at
that
time.
They
said
you
know
really
you
know
what
we
need
to
do
is
develop
technology.
It
has
problems
and
we're
going
to
put
some
money
inside
and
we're
just
going
to
provide
it
to
researchers
who
want
to
develop
technology
and,
in
particular,
get
a
relationship
between
the
university
in
the
industry.
A
We
obtained
enough
money
for
a
workstation
for
our
group
and
actually
one
for
the
department,
because
the
department
didn't
have
a
workstation
at
that
point
and
that
actually
gave
us
our
first
interconnected
piece
within
the
university
of
british
columbia
and
we
established
the
geophysical
inversion
facility
whose
goal
was
to
carry
out
research,
that's
of
fundamental
interest
to
Geoscience
and
is
connected
with
industry,
to
help
solve
their
problems
that
then
spawned
a
group
of
people.
These
were
mining.
A
People
is
there's
about
12
people
that
decided
they
wanted
to
meet
at
UBC
and
have
a
discussion
about
what
kinds
of
research
could
go
into
this.
Do
you
physical
inversion
facility-
and
this
was
really
interesting
because
it
was
the
top?
It
was
the
top
geophysicist,
the
top
geoscientists
of
all
of
the
big
mining
companies
across
Canada.
They
came
to
UBC,
we
sat
around
the
table
and
we
tried
to
say
okay,
what
do
we
do
and
they
said
you
know.
A
The
problem
that
needs
to
be
addressed
here
is
something
that's
got
an
acronym
of
JC,
which
stands
for
joint
and
cooperative
inversion
of
geophysical
and
geological
data.
So
that
was
a
theme,
and
that
was
our
first
consortium
and
honestly,
this
is
still
a
theme.
Today
we
established
JC
ecchi
that
should
have
been
over
over
here
and
the
way
that
we
decided.
Okay.
A
How
do
we
actually
make
this
work
in
practice
here
at
a
university,
and
you
want
to
do
you
want
to
do
fundamental
stuff,
but
at
the
same
time
you
want
to
be
linking
with
with
the
industry
and
you've
got
to
have
things
that
you're
talking
about
in
common
and
the
best
way
of
doing
that
is
then
to
say:
okay,
I'm,
going
to
pick
a
site
that
the
you
know,
there's
a
lot
of
geology.
That's
know,
there's
a
lot
of
people
in
industry
that
know
about
this
site
and
we're
going
to
work
on
it.
A
So
we're
going
to
joint
cooperative
inversion
on
data
from
a
site
called
Mount
Milligan,
which
is
a
copper
for
free
deposit
in
British
Columbia.
So
we
had
gravity
data,
DC,
resistivity
and
IP
data,
and
some
airborne
data
advocates
some
geology
great.
Let's
put
these
all
things
together
into
one
hopper
and
come
up
with
a
solution.
A
The
first
thing-
and
this
was
a
bit
of
a
realization-
is
before
you
to
join
our
cooperative
inversion.
You
might
just
want
to
check
to
make
sure
you
can
do
any
individual
version,
so
we
could
write
so
that
was
a
bit
like.
Oh,
this
stuff
is
actually
you
know.
We
may
want
to
start
working
on
our
individual
Indian
versions
and
the
first
one
that
we
we
tackled
was
the
DC
visa,
stivity
and
IP.
That
was
technology
that
was
just
coming
on
stream,
so
finite
volume
techniques,
computer
scientists,
people
like
very
asher
at
a
TVC.
A
We
were
developing
courses
on
this
of
my
students,
peter
McGilvery,
who
said
the
calgary
was
first
person
in
my
group
to
actually
take
what
one
of
those
courses
develop
a
2d
forward
and
invert
modeling
and
inversion
for
DC
resistivity
data
and
with
these
stations
with
computer
workstation,
we
could
now
have
the
things
that
we're
like
a
but
a
thousand
parameters.
So
you
know
fifty
by.
A
Another
kind
of
momentous
thing
which
actually
will
play
a
role
down
in
the
story
is
that
six
months
into
the
consortium,
well,
it's
probably
a
good
idea
for
everybody
to
get
together
and
we'll
kind
of
discuss
where
we
won't
want
to
go
to
make
sure
that
we're
on
the
right
page.
So
we
got
a
group
together
and
we
showed
for
the
first
time
an
inversion
result
of
doing
2d,
IP
and
inversion.
So
this
was
previously
IP
dated
just
been
looked
at
in
pseudo
sections,
and
you
know
lots
of
them.
A
People
would
say:
oh
yeah,
give
me
a
pseudo
section.
I
can
look
at
that.
I'm
telling
you
where
to
drill
right,
you
can't
but
the
inversion
unraveled
that-
and
that
was
startling.
It
was
absolutely
startling.
When
we
put
that
forth.
There
was
a
guy
teach.
You
sign
is
Peter
Kowalchuk
for
plastic
dome.
He
just
stopped
me
middle
of
my
talk
and
he
said
wait
a
minute.
We've
got
to
have
that
code,
so
that
was
a
pivotal
point
here,
because
now
you
see,
okay.
Industry
wants
code.
Now
previously
you
know
researchers,
you
know
you
develop.
A
Some
kind
of
you
know:
spaghetti
code
includes
the
Fortran
together,
you
know
wrap
it
all
up,
publish
the
paper
and
that's
all
you
needed
to
do,
but
the
fact
that
they
wanted
to
have
code
means
that
oh
something
else
has
to
happen.
So
we
need
to
write
this
stuff
in
a
way
that
is
useful.
So
you
got
two
choices.
You
can
either
go
to
the
outside
and
you
know
have
that
done
or
you
could
do
it.
A
We
thought
Oh,
we'll
just
farm
this
stuff
out
to
the
outside
world,
but
then
we
looked
around
Toronto
Vancouver
any
place
that
we
could
work
with
and
at
that
point
inverse
theory
was
simply
not
really
understood
by
people
there's
just
a
few
pockets
and
a
few
people
that
really
understood
what
the
what
you're
up
against
when
you're
solving
the
the
inverse
problem-
and
that
meant
that
you
know
we
really
needed
to
do
it
in-house.
So
that
now
meant
hiring
somebody
to
do
this.
A
A
It
also
gave
rise
to
something
which
has
been
very
important
for
us
and
continues
to
be
and
again
has
impact
I.
Think
on
this.
This
conference
is
try
to
promote
that
understanding
of
what's
going
on
so
this
was
our
outreach
part.
We
actually
hired
an
outreach
coordinator
to
to
work
on
this.
So
what
we
did
is
we
do
about
tutorials
we
develop
the
gooeys
of
things
that
would
try
to.
You
know
help
people
understand
what
the
inverse
problem
is.
A
We
had
open
workshops
for
for
gravity
or
magnetics
inversion
of
dcpip,
where
people
from
all
acting
at
that
point,
people
from
North
America
would
come
in
and
we
just
sit
them
down
and
try
to
tell
them
what
what
an
inversion
is.
What
you
need
to
think
about
you
know
the
model
objective
function
all
this
stuff
and
really
try
to
have
that
as
a
community,
and
then
we
even
have
boosts
at
various
conferences
to
try
to
do
so,
trying
to
get
people
to
understand
the
words
that
you're,
using
as
the
mobility
with.
A
What's
going
on
and
with
you
know,
these
steps
in
an
inversion
are
extremely
important
so
that
that
is
kind
of
the
state
that
we're
up
in
here.
Actually,
you
notice
that
from
the
3d
boxes
it
thinks
like
the
magnetics.
These
are
the
first
3d
inversion,
algorithms
that
are
really
out
from
the
point
of
view.
A
You've
got
magnetics
grabbing.
Those
are
potential
fields,
so
they're
they're
easier
to
solve.
You
can
use
an
integral
equation
technique,
but
the
other
thing
about
3d
is
that
for
many
problems
in
expirations
release,
certainly
marrow
aspiration.
You
have
to
be
in
3d.
You
cannot
work
in
a
restrictive
dimension,
you've
thrown
the
baby.
Oh
that's
a
little
bit,
unlike
some
fundamentals
of
seismic,
where
you're
a
1d
assumption
you
get,
you
can
actually
go
a
long
ways.
A
The
the
next
big
thing
to
really
have
here
are
direct
solvers,
so
previously
for
all
these
systems,
partial
differential
equations
we're
just
using
interactive
solvers,
and
you
know
these
things
get
give
get
pretty
big.
They
take
a
long
time,
but
especially
if
you're
doing
you
know
a
ghost
Newton
solution,
you've
got
a
using
contra
gradient
technique.
Do
that
you've
got
a
lot
of
systems
to
solve,
and
that
was
kind
of
a
that
was
kind
of
a
killer.
I
mean
you.
Could
you
could
do
a
little
bit,
but
you
were
pretty
pretty
restricted.
A
So,
the
more
like,
then
gia
businesses
to
release
partner
but
realized,
wait
a
minute.
These
matrices,
which
you
thought
were
just
far
too
big
to
ever,
be
vector
that
you
can
factor
them,
and
you
know
the
mumps
came
along
with
care.
Deseos
came
along
and
that
allowed
us
to
tackle
these
really
higher-end
problem
of
you
know,
time
domain
EAM
even
on
the
ground
and
then
especially
later
on
kind
of
time
domain
IAM
in
in
the
air.
So
the
you
know
the
multi
processors.
A
Has
to
do
with
this
thing
here,
which
we
call
jiff
tools,
which
is
basically,
this
is
a
software
environment
that
just
allows
a
user
to
bring
in
any
of
these
codes
and
work
with
it
and
also
importantly,
geologic
information,
because
it
was
still
realize
at
this
time
we
haven't
solved
the
problem
that
we
set
out
to
do
you
know
20
years
ago.
We're
still
we're
still
working
on
this,
and
companies
would
have
codes
that
you
know
they
they
could
run,
but
you
didn't
have
enough
flexibility
to
put
in
that
kind
of
information.
Thank
you.
A
You
need
to
be
able
to
import
a
geologic
map.
You
need
to
cross-sections
your
drill,
hole
information.
Somehow,
all
of
that
stuff
has
to
be
available,
has
to
be
able
to
incorporate
into
that
gear
into
your
software
development.
So
that's
where
jiff
tools
was
and
that's
a
four-year
consortium
research
project
that
is
just
now
at
the
end
of
this
there's
something
called
the
disk.
This
is
for
2017
I'm,
on
behalf
of
the
ICG
I'm,
going
to
go
round
various
places
and
give
a
short
course
on
geophysical,
electromagnetics
fundamentals
and
applications.
A
So
that
is
designed
to
be
an
educational
kind
of
thing
both
for
the
you
know,
the
serious
professionals
as
well
as
perhaps
even
even
not,
professionals,
and
that
is
kind
of
opening
up
now
how
the
forward
simulations
and
inversion
is
being
done.
It's
also
opening
up
what
the
fundamentals
of
electromagnetics
are.
How
do
you
understand
electromagnetics?
How
do
you
tie
it
in
with
case
histories
that
are
environmental,
expiration
or
technical?
So
we're
we're
kind
of
thinking
about
this,
but
before
I
can't
summarize
on
this
diagram
is
that
you
can
really
see
the
progression
here.
A
A
Maybe
we
can
do
3d
got
some
direct
solvers
at
house.
So
all
of
these
things
it's
a
progression,
so
we're
kind
of
going
along
this
line
and
we're
now
at
a
point
where
we
can
basically
invert
I,
didn't
virtually
all
of
the
kinds,
at
least
of
non
seismic
geophysical
data
that
are
collected
and
get
some
kind
of.
You
know
a
three-dimensional
description
of
the
earth
physical,
okay,
so
it's
kind
of
like
at
some
sort
of
mission
accomplished
by
the
time
we
get
here,
but
that
opens
up
the
question
of
like
okay.
A
First
of
all,
this
axis
is
time,
and
anything
deviation
up
here
is
effort.
Ok,
so
let's
go
back
early
in
time
and
you
know
you're
a
geoscientist
here
and
you've
got
a
chair
science
problem
right.
What
do
you
empty
problem?
What
do
you
serious
dude
right?
Ok,
so
you
can
think
about
that
and
then
you
say:
oh
yeah
I
got
a
partial
differential
great
here.
There's
all
that.
How
do
I
do
that?
Ok,
that's
actually
not
too
bad,
so
I
can
on
this
line.
Here
is
kind
of
like
the
computational
side.
A
There's
an
amount
of
effort
to
go
back
from
here,
because
when
you're
solving
you
probably
want
to
be
on
--then,
Geoscience
side
right
and
then
like
Oh
rats,
I
gotta
solve
it
right.
So
not
if
you're
down
here,
developing
an
algorithm
and
then
you
might
come
back
up
here
say
well,
how
can
I
do
grapes
so
in
the
initial
stages,
when
she
did
pretty
well,
you
could
come
on
here's
my
size,
I'm
sure
I
can.
A
As
time
goes
on,
our
problems
are
just
getting
more
complicated,
especially
as
you
increase
the
mention
ality
of
these
problems.
So
you
know
the
1d
problem
might
be
over
here.
2D
problem,
maybe,
but
now,
if
you
start
to
you
know,
talk
about,
you
know
a
more
complicated
problem
with
a
couple
sets
of
partial
differential
equations.
A
So
it's
got
diamonds
in
it
right
and
there's
some
units
in
here
that
diamonds
there's
other
units
here
that
you
know
are
important
just
to
understand
what
the
different
colors
and
really
the
question
from
the
video
geologists
is
like.
Okay,
can
you
find
a
particular
unit,
a
particular
rock
tie,
and
you
know,
is
it?
Is
it
diamond.if
adore?
So
how
big
is
that
particular
Rock
Unigine
and
where?
Where
is
that
rock
unit
I'm?
Looking
for
how
big
is
it
okay,
so
we've
got
this
I,
keep
telling
you
this
amazing
group
of
graduate
students
at
UBC.
A
We
have
these
different
kinds
of
data.
We
have
gravity
data
have
magnetic
data.
We
had
airborne
frequency
domain
data,
we
had
airborne
time
domain
data,
you
know
every
everybody
partitioning
themselves
out
into
water
into
grooves
to
get
three-dimensional
images
of
that
particular
physical
property.
And
honestly
we
were
so.
We
were
so
proud
of
ourselves
because
that's
it
was
such
a
major
achievement
to
to
do
that
that
we
thought
okay.
Well,
let's
try
to
show
the
world
what
we
we
do
this,
so
we
thought
well,
let's
put
together.
A
You
know
a
workshop
on
how
to
just
to
explain
so
we
did
that
and
put
together
a
workshop
and
we
invited
geologists.
We
invited
the
people
who
own
the
blinds.
We
invited.
You
know
the
MDR,
you
people
with
people
from
the
National
Labs
that
do
physical
property
measurements,
and
you
know
we
and
we
sat
down
and
we
tried
to
convey
to
them.
You
know
what
we
found
and
you
know
what
was
it,
what
was
important
and
at
that
level,
all
the
details
above
how
you
actually
came
up
with
the
three-dimensional
images.
A
A
Yes,
we've
got,
we
need
to
be
able
to
communicate
people
like
okay.
What
is
you
know?
What
are
we
talking
about
with
with
the
model,
and
you
know
what
are
we
actually
getting
out
here?
Physical
properties?
We
need
to
be
able
to
convey
information,
and
you
also
need
to
be
able
to
have
these
images
3d
volumes
that
you
can.
A
You
know
slice
and
dice
in
various
ways,
so
to
use
that
to
promote
interaction,
a
geologist
sitting
up
there
has
no
idea
of
what
doesn't
care
of
a
differential
equation.
You're
doing,
but
you
know
actually,
yes,
okay.
Does
this
particularly
unit?
Is
that
extending
down
through
there
or
not?
So
we
need
to
be
able
to
communicate
what?
A
What
what
we're
doing
and
that's
why
this
picture
is
up
here.
The
picture
down
here
has
to
do
with,
what's
going
on
on
on
here
and
there's
a
couple
of
really
important
points.
I
want
to
come
back
to
what
I
said
earlier
when
we
decided
to
make
commercial
code,
and
that
was
that
we
got
a
programmer
and
all
our
programs
are
distributed
in
Fortran
and
a
graduate
student
up
here.
If
he
wants
to
do
something
that
he's
got
this
code
kind
of
does
something,
but
he
wants
to
change
it.
A
A
A
You're
spending
three
years
in
there
just
getting
the
point
where
you
can
start
to
think
about
a
problem
so
clearly
that
that
doesn't
work
right.
So
we
can
see
that
there's
a
couple
different
kinds
of
things
that
are
going
on
here.
This
ability
to
you
know
to
communicate
to
work
with
people
in
you
know
in
multi
disciplines
and
to
somehow
reduce
the
you
know
that
effort.
That's
required
to
go
from
this
curve
to
to
that
and
with
that
it'll
just
I.
A
A
If
we
think
about
these
the
larger
scale
or
its
problems,
both
multi-disciplinary,
we've
got
this
issue
about
about
language,
so
that
we
somehow
define
our
words
and
so
that
we
know
what
we're
talking
about
I,
certainly
to
people
outside
the
field,
but
actually
also
to
people
inside
the
field.
If
you've
got
groups
that
are
working
on
trying
to
solve,
you
know
a
particular
problem,
they
need
to
have
the
same
words
and
understand
exactly
what
those
are
and
then
we
need
those
communication
tools
that
allow
geoscientists
to
cooperate.
A
So
those
are
those
are
the
visualization
tools
that
that
go
on.
Those
are
the
you
know,
document
interactive
documents
that
both
could
kind
of
contribute
to
and
just
kind
of
ease
reach.
These
wheels
a
little
bit
here
so
that
everybody's
on
the
same
page
and
we
could
communicate
and
then
that
can
greatly
speed
that
up
the
second
element
again,
which
will
see
time
time.
Yeah
Lyndsey's
already
alluded
to
it
because
it
was
kind
of
last
year.
Is
that
how
do
we?
How
do
we
reduce
that
barrier
to
entrance
of
this
software?
A
Well,
some
kind
of
an
open
source
framework
right
so
that
if
one
this
going
up
this
curve,
all
the
stuff
in
here
is
available
to
somebody
right.
You
know,
then
you
could
start
is
plank
right
here
and
he
just
needs
to
go
up
here
right
so
to
be
able
to
have
access
to
software.
That's
readable!
That's
understandable,
that's
written
in
a
particular
fashion,
so
that
you
know
easily
what
is
going
on
and
how
to
you'll
watch
yourself
from
that.
A
A
From
my
perspective,
in
coming
through
Jeff
and
interacting
with
the
companies
that
commercial
software
we
developed
has
gotten
a
lot
of
worth
to
it.
So
it's
it's
a
commercial
code
that
you
could,
you
know,
license
out
and
bring
some
money
which
we
have
back
to
the
lab,
so
that
that
facilitated,
that
the
other
is
that
that
is
a
technological
advantage
that
you
have.
You
can
solve
a
problem
that
somebody
else
captain
right,
and
that
means
that
you
can
get
funds.
A
You
can
do
things,
you
can
write
papers,
you
don't
by
exposing
those
but
just
providing
those
out
into
the
open
source,
you're
leaving
yourself
vulnerable
and
frankly,
I
come
from
a
history
of
that
like
this
is.
This
is
how
it
been
I've,
always
been
very
detective
of
our
source
codes.
A
executables
are
fine.
We've
got
this
educational
aspect
to
smoke,
we'll
give
out
every
executable
free
of
charge
to
an
academic
or
we
charge
them
for
somebody
else,
but
providing
that
source
code.
A
It's
really
only
been
in
the
last
couple
of
years.
I
realized
like
oh
okay.
We
we
now
another
off
enough
about
a
lot
of
these
problems.
Some
of
this
stuff,
could,
you
know,
be
repeated
I'll,
be
with
with
some
work
that
it's
time
to
loose
some
bats
spray,
get
it
bite.
The
bullet
get
the
source
code
out
there
at
least
the
primordial
stuff
that
people
could
learn
from
and
work
from
and
then
go
on
and
do
some
of
some
subsequent
development.
A
And
then
you
know
the
development
of
these
tools,
software
they
just
you
know,
really
foster
this
research
foster
that
collaboration
and
I'm
looking
for
it,
especially
to
this
workshop
and
also
to
our
discourse,
because
we
want
to
take
this
thing
around
the
world.
We
want
to
make
an
impact,
so
we're
going
to
try
to
get.
A
If
you're
in
the
Philippines,
you
got
a
particular
problem
and
you've
got
some
data
and
your
god
you've
managed
to
go
a
certain
distance.
But
then
you
can't
go
any
farther.
Okay,
if
you're
stuck
in
the
Philippines.
That's
it
like!
You,
don't
have
you
don't
have
enough
people
to
ask
to
do
that,
but
if
and
if
we
can
open
that
up,
so
it's
a
community
at
large,
then
there'll
be
some
academic.
Oh
there's
a
talent
asset
as
it
air
she's
problem,
that's
an
interesting
day.
I
said
I
could
do
something
with
that.
A
Now
I
want
to
cooperate
and
that
could
just
open
up
this
huge
spigot.
It
would
mean
that
the
community
would
advance
at
a
far
accelerating
rate
in
which
everybody
would
be,
everybody
would
be
the
beneficiary.
So
that's
that's
sort
of
my
take
on
things
and
trying
to
articulate
look.
What
I
feel
are
the
are
the
most
important
problems
and
you
know
the
theme
I
mean
these
are
basically
the
themes
of
the
workshop.
You
know
like
okay,
how
do
we?
How
do
we
actually
make
this?
How
do
we
actually
make
this
work?