Hyperledger Foundation Community, 16 Jul 2018

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From YouTube: Emerging Technology Leadership Series: Brian Behlendorf and Blockchain

Description

A recent report from the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development analyzed more than 200 government blockchain programs globally, a community that is rapidly growing as public services explore the immense potential of this emerging technology. In order to better learn about blockchain and evaluate solutions that improve transaction performance, traceability, and trust, public services must collaborate not just across silos between agencies, but side-by-side with the businesses, academic researchers, and organizations that are leading these advances.

The Hyperledger Project, started in December 2015 by the Linux Foundation, is an open source initiative to support the collaborative development of blockchain-based distributed ledgers. In this first of our new Emerging Technology Leadership Series, we invite Brian Behlendorf, executive director of the Hyperledger Project and one of The New York Times’s “Top 10 People Leading the Blockchain Revolution,” answer your questions about collaborative development of blockchain solutions and share insights from the source on what public services need to know.

The Emerging Technology Leadership Series, hosted by the U.S. General Services Administration (GSA) Emerging Citizen Technology Office, is a six-part livestream pilot to enhance the modern federal workforce with training, education, and awareness of emerging technologies including Artificial Intelligence, Robotic Process Automation, Blockchain, Social Technologies, and Virtual/Augmented Reality.

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Hello and welcome to digital gov university, I'm justin herman and I work.

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With gsa's emerging citizen technology office, which works with the agencies,.

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Around government on how to adopt evaluate, manage and collaborate using.

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New technologies like artificial intelligence, robotic process, automation.

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And blockchain now with me today is sherri hi, I'm shari slow-flowing with.

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The defense information systems agency and I'm on our innovation team over.

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There and she's also such a great champion of government-wide blockchain.

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Services and helping us put this together so here we're here today for.

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The first installment of our new emerging technology leadership series.

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Through digital gov university and the reason is simple, so people like what is.

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This new tech series we spend so much time working with businesses working.

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With academia working with the best and brightest minds out there, but a lot of.

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Times you might not know about it, especially with emerging technologies, because this stuff is happening faster than a lot of times. People have been.

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Sharing that, wouldn't you agree absolutely so what we wanted to do is.

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Take some of the people that we know and we've met along the way and again bring.

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Them right to public servants desktops, so the best information, the best ideas.

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Out there accessible to anybody, so we can better, learn and understand these.

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Issues and to be able to apply the lessons learned to des, for it.

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Modernization and the type of services that the american people deserve and.

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Again, it's not just one agency having it. It's all agencies having equal access to.

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This so here we are we're at the first of the series here and we have brian.

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Which I'm sure many of you know so? Brian behlendorf is executive director of the.

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Hyper ledger project, which is an initiative at the lenox foundation,.

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He's the primary developer of the apache web server, the most popular web server.

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Software on the internet and a founding member of the apache software foundation.

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Now he also served on the board of mozilla foundation since 2003 the.

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Electronic frontier foundation, since 2013 he was the founding cto of.

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Collabnet and cto of the world economic forum, so thank you so much for joining.

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Us here, brian and just actually before we pass this off because one of the.

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Things is we wanted brian, and you know we work a lot and talk with their team.

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To get ideas and really try to steer what are the issues that public services.

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Need to know about to really kind of understand and break down blockchain in.

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A way that can be then applied again for practical innovation today and we're so.

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Glad that brian is joining us today from his hideout. Actually we were joking he's.

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Not on the premises right now he's over in the bay area, but again through the.

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The blessings of technology he's able to join us and be with all of you today, so.

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That being said, we have questions and answers for the latter. Half of this so.

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If you go in and you see that there's a chat box, so what will happen is that.

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Once brian's done challenging you and sharing with you information on what he.

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Thinks you should know today about this technology. We're then going to moderate.

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And then take over some questions and answers. So listen if you already have.

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Things on your mind, be sure to load them up and, if not we'll be doing it live.

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From here so that being said, thank you so much to all of you who are joining us.

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Today, thank you for the hyper ledger team for being so responsive and taking.

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Up our invitation with that being said, please take it away great. Thank you very.

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Much justin and sherri, and let me tell you again, like I've, told you before it.

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Is really an honor and a privilege to be able to be working with the federal.

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Community and the public sector community in helping them understand.

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Where blockchain technology might actually help them do their jobs more.

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Effectively, we I've spent a year working for the office of science and technology.

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Policy in another year with department of health and human services focusing on.

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Open data open source software, open open policy basically and, and it really.

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Excites me now, ten years later to be really working on a technology that.

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Helps helps us actually address a big challenge up there with digital.

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Technology, which is how can we trust what we read? How can we trust the.

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Transactions that we that we conduct without having to centralize it all on.

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One big central player- and so it's exciting to me to see some of the.

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Applications that have already come out of organizations like the gsa and I'm.

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Excited about what what what happen from this point forward, and so.

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Why don't we put the slides up on the screen if we haven't done that already.

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And- and I really wanted to talk about demystifying this whole blockchain thing.

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For for everybody out there, I mean it's very easy to hear about the story behind.

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Cryptocurrencies and to imagine that it's all about you know an alternative.

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To the money system- and maybe we can do without thanks- maybe we can do without.

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Government agencies and and a lot of that is very fanciful. Fanciful. But but.

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Back on the ground, there are a lot of real world problems we can solve today.

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With this technology and a lot of simpler ways, I think to understand what.

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Blockchain technology can do for all of us, and so why don't we move to the next.

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Slide see if we've got it great. So if there's one image, I want to burn into.

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The back of the eyelids of everybody on this call. It's it's really this for me,.

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And for so many people in the in this space, blockchain technology really.

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Represents two key innovations and their innovations that actually have precedent.

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Going back 40 years in computer science, research, but but really the two big.

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Areas are distributed, ledger's and smart contracts and distributed. Ledger's are a.

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Special kind of distributed database, it's a it's a database. You can only.

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Write to you can never delete anything from it's a database that simultaneously.

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Exists across an entire connected mesh of different nodes and these nodes, these.

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Servers are being run by different people, different organizations, but all.

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Of them have the ability to publish to this mesh to this network, all of them.

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Have the ability to read from it and we use cryptography and mathematics and and.

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All sorts of consensus technologies called consensus mechanisms to make sure.

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That everybody has the same copy of that ledger.

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So everybody it can write to it. Nobody can deny when something has been written.

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To it- and we can even use it to implement some very special physics.

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Things like you know I could invent a token and if I hand that token to justin.

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It gets recorded to the ledger and if I try to hand the same token record again,.

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To that ledger, transfer that same token to sherry, then the.

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Network rejects it because it says no you've already handed it to justin. You.

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Can't actually hand it again to somebody else. You can only do that once and so.

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This is how we build up to things like cryptocurrencies, where you can only.

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Spend one bitcoin or one theorem token at a time, but it's also how we can get.

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To a lot of other interesting features, once we have that once we have this.

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Network that allows us to establish a common ground state, a common system of.

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Record between all the participants in that community, then we can also write to.

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It these things called smart contracts, which are basically a a script that.

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Everybody gets a copy of that says hey when the network witnesses. This thing.

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Happening and then this thing happening and then this thing happening and all.

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Those conditions are met then automatically record a brand-new entry.

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Right and those things could be, you know it could be a checklist for things like.

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Weather insurance contract- you know if the temperature in a certain city hits a.

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Hundred degrees for a hundred days in a row or something like that, the amounts.

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Of droughts and you want to pay out a contract to a farmer whose crops likely.

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Have failed right or a way to implement a mortgage or a way to implement all of.

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These kinds of things where today, these typically exist as contracts between.

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Parties, but without a network to help enforce it, it's only as good as the.

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Lawyers, you can hire or the regulator's out there that sort of thing and so a.

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Smart contract or way of adding action to to this this domain, and both these.

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Technologies together give us an opportunity to reinvent a lot of how.

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Business processes are conducted between parties. This is really a.

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Business-To-Business technology, although it's something towards the end that.

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Talks about consumers in the space and citizens by the way, but it this also.

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Takes allows us to take a lot of bespoke point-to-point, sometimes very manual.

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Processes that happen between organizations and turn them into a.

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Predictable reliable system and, most importantly, a system where the trust.

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Doesn't have to be embodied in a central organization, because the trust is.

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Something that we all that comes from the fact that we're recording events.

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That we all collectively witness right, it's kind of, like you know, on a document.

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That's really important: you have to go, find a notary right to witness the fact that you signed that document. Well, the.

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Network is kind of like a notary service, but where everybody is that notary and.

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Starts combining that right, so we can really go out and solve some some issues.

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That, today are a challenge for us in the digital sphere because of this lost of.

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Lack of trust in in in centralized systems right next slide, please, and so.

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As is obvious from the way that I've presented this, you know cryptocurrencies.

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Are one potential application of this and they're an intriguing one? They try.

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To solve a couple of really hard problems at scale, which is how do you.

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Have a network like this, a consensus mechanism where the participants can be.

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Anonymous, we don't have to prequalify to be a part of it where that participation can be open to anybody on the whole wide.

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Internet and where anybody can add a new note node to that network, so they're.

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Trying to achieve some really hard things I want to give them full credit.

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But it turns out there's a lot of use cases where you can pull back from some.

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Of those ambitions and look at saying, hey, I've got a community here of 20.

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Banks who want to implement a settlement network between them or 20 healthcare.

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Organizations who just want a better way to exchange medical records or process.

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Insurance claims right and in these kinds of networks you can actually go.

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And solve some problems using some very approachable technologies next slide, so.

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I want to walk you through a couple of examples of where this technology is.

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Being used now to try to make it real and then and then open up a little bit.

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About who we are at hyper ledger, so one of the this network launched very.

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Recently about two weeks ago, into production called the wida trade network.

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And this is a collaboration, a consortium that pulls together a bunch of very blue.

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Chip banks, hsbc deutsche bank, sant ender, in into a bank to bank network that.

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Facilitates the processing of finance, the financial resources for the global.

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Trade global supply chain right so processing thing is from letters of.

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Credit, an extension of payments through import/export and types of banks, all the.

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Way through to final delivery of the product and then settlement back.

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Stream, so all of these banks are representing small and mid-sized.

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Businesses kind of behind the scenes who have accounts with those banks, but this.

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Process is automating, something today that would take weeks or even months to.

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Be able to finish, then, can take instead days or even hours and bring a level of.

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Predictability to it and a level of auditing that was really challenging.

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When the details and the data would sit inside disparate repositories in.

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Different formats in different organizations- and you can always.

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Automate a business process, you can always digitize a paper process, but in.

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Order to do this before blockchain, you would have had to have somebody sitting.

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There at the center of that circle, acting as the the paypal or the uber.

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Picker metaphor right: basically, you know being chartered with keeping track of.

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Everybody's accounts, with a distributed ledger with smart contracts, were able to.

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Tease this this whole ecosystem apart, but but bring it a degree of.

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Standardization and automation that that helps cut the cost of extending these.

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Kinds of credit, this kind of crest and along the way, the participants in that.

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Network build a reputation, build a history of their of the of what they.

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Exchange, which makes it easier for them to go and get credit easier for them to.

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Go and represent kind of their interests in that network in as time goes on next.

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Slide I, but an even simpler a example out there that I really like has been in.

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Production now for about a year- and this is the diamond ledger that is being run.

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By a company called ever ledger, but in conjunction with many of the largest.

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Producers and retailers in the diamond industry- and I and here the idea- is to.

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Use a distributed ledger to trace the flow of diamonds from the time they come.

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Out of the ground, to the retail sector, to try to provide traceability, to ensure.

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That at no point in that chain, what it's was someone able to slip in undocumented.

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Diamonds right coming from most likely from conflict regions that deploy that.

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Employees slave labor or where the diamonds were used to purchase weapons.

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Or other types of illicit activities that.

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The diamond industry came together to try to stamp out this actually built on.

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Top of a regulatory regime that the diamond industry developed almost twenty.

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Years ago, called the kimberley process and which attempted to essentially say.

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Every diamond gets a certificate in kind of a history of where it's been the.

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Problem was there the only tools available before blockchain to implement.

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Such a system was, I, you know, basically a centralization, a centralizing, a database.

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That would receive fax that copies of a paper certificate with stamps on it.

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Which was impossible to search which was impala chol to share that data with the.

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People who needed it, who were receiving these diamonds and wanted to verify you.

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Know an accurate history of where it came from and that opened the door to.

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Fraud, it opened the door to double spending where somebody could pretend to.

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That this diamond had a fake history and send the same diamond quote-unquote to.

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Two different people with this system. It is now not possible for somebody in the.

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Middle of that chain to send a diamond one diamond to two different places.

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Right and that kind of air tightness in the supply chain is what blockchain.

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Technology is really being used for here and to do that in a way that doesn't.

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Require everybody to have to trust you know a company or a government at the.

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Center of that of that system, next slide, yeah and actually just to jump in and on.

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That one of the things that my friends always laugh about is now we're starting.

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To see commercials happen like during sporting events, in which people are.

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Talking about blockchain solutions for supply, chain management and everything.

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And we usually know once the sports commercials start happening yep during.

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The world cup exactly yeah, I'm a couple of companies out there have been very.

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Ambitious about advertising their their new skills in this space and so yeah.

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It's been great to see, in fact, the next example I have next slide. Please is another type of traceability example, and this is at the other end of the.

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Spectrum, so to speak in terms of the kind of product. It's a it's fish right.

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And fish, as it turns out very much like in the kimberley process, there is an.

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International series of treaties and industry agreements regarding quotas.

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Where fish may be caught- and I you know, and a lot of problems now with pirate.

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Fishing fleets coming into ports claiming to have caught it in under.

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Quota in the right place, but actually taking it from waters where they.

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Threaten the viability of species- and this is a huge problem.

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Now blockchain had blockchain technology has the same challenge every other.

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Technology has which is what's characteristically known as garbage in.

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Garbage out, except- and this is a term coined by my friend sheila warren at the.

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World economic forum, it's garbage in garbage forever right, because it's.

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Recorded on this blockchain, and so you can't assume that, just because something.

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Is written to a blockchain that it's true, but you can use a blockchain as an.

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Evidence trail to add to it not just the formerly tracked information about.

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Objects when they've got point move from one point to another, but additional.

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Information and so in this project- that's being developed now in the.

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Fishing industry- they are adding to this ledger information long before the boat.

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Shows up at the port to offload its catch they're, taking data from.

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Tamper-Proof nets: tamper-proof sensors on nets off of the back of the votes.

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That record gps and weight and time and then record that data to the same.

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Blockchain with a with a signature that only could come from those sensors, so.

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There's no chance for a boat to corrupt that data. They also take data from buoys.

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Floating in the water, from ports as boats pass in and out and put all of.

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This together to try to help organizations verify the integrity of a.

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Claim that a boat has made when it's arriving, that it caught this fish at.

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This time and then that's just the beginning of the chain, in addition to.

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The handoffs you want to make sure that the fish has been kept at a safe.

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Temperature, I that it's been not sitting in port for weeks, while, while paperwork.

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Clears that sort of thing, and so added to this network is a whole lot of other.

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Sensor, data and third-party data to try to make sure that the fish when it's.

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Presented not just came from a known good source, but was adequately cared for.

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By the time it gets to the the retail channel right, and so this is.

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This is pretty exciting and there's a lot of applications not just for traceability, but for food safety as well in in many of the supply chain. Networks.

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Out there, when you think about it, a lot of challenges, we have a global trade.

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Boil down to making sure that you're getting what you know, you're getting or.

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Think that you're getting and have ways to independently verify that that that's.

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True next slide, please and and if time were fuller, I'd, give a.

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Lot of other examples of other financial use cases of their supply chain related.

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Use cases or even use cases in the healthcare industry, for example, or in.

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Government as well there's a lot that we're saying we can talk more about them.

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Later but the one that I really wanted to make sure we dropped and and and.

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Talked a bit about was digital identity. We know that there's a problem out there.

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With the traditional way that identities are managed online, it's very much of a.

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Mainframe model, where you know you have a name and a password for a remote.

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Server somewhere- and that has all of your data, and you have no idea that.

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Whether or not that data has been shared with other people right, you don't really.

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Have a sense of agency on it and by the way, if you move, as I did recently, you.

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Move homes, you don't even have a good sense of who has that address that needs.

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Updating right who you've shared it with and who you'd like to actually stop.

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Sharing it with so with blockchain technology, we can finally fill in some.

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Of the last pieces to another kind of wave that has been moving through the.

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Digital identity, world for the last ten years called self sovereign identity.

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Which is an inversion of this mainframe model to say it's less about the data.

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That exists about you on these centralized websites, government or.

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Private sector run and more about data that you possess close to you in.

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Something that perhaps looks and feels like a digital wallet right, something.

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That is a mix of data you've recorded about yourself and you decide who to.

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Share it with or things that have been given to you like a diploma or a.

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Passport or a healthcare record right and what role does blockchain technology.

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Play in this well, it's not to record all that data, because it's it's almost the.

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Opposite technology right block games are about spreading data.

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Around to everybody on that network, so you don't store pii they're personally.

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Identifiable information, but you could use it to store public keys signatures.

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Hashes pointers, basically enough metadata enough information to help you.

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Prove when you present your passport to somebody that it came from a known good.

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Source that it was issued on a certain date and certain time, and then you use a.

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Blockchain as well to record in a in a encrypted privacy protecting way that.

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You granted consent to that sharing of that data and allows you to also issue a.

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Reeve occasion of that consent- and this sounds what what does all this mean, this.

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Means potentially moving to a very different world in terms of managing how.

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Our identities work how personal information works online and moves it.

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Much closer to the types of regulations we see coming out now, for example, the gd.

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P, r from the european union or the recent privacy act that was passed in.

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California, which is modeled very much after that, brazil and india, and several.

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Other countries are now and on their way to adopting similar privacy regulations.

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All of those work in a world where you as the individual have much more.

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Understanding visibility, connectedness and agency over the sharing of your data.

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And so we have a project of hyper ledger: the keys off this I'll mention in a bit.

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But I just wanted to plant this because I think especially for government.

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Innovators, this is a use case. You might be particularly interested in next slide.

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Please so all of this really hopefully paints a.

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Picture for you that we're not talking about one big blockchain here, we're.

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Talking about a network of block chains, a network of these distributed ledger's.

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With automation, on top of each of these right with different smart contracts,.

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Deployable across them, but where the the ledger that runs a banking network might.

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Be distinct from the ledger that runs an identity network that runs a a supply.

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Chain network, of course, we're gonna want to be able to link between these, but.

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What we need, and and and we need standardized tools for being able to.

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Correlate transactions to be able to point a data that sits on one from a.

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Smart contract running on another all that sort of thing, but this is a very different model. Perhaps if you ever hear.

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Somebody use the term the blockchain, with the definite article before the.

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Words log chain: that's that's a very 2012 2011 view of how watching.

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Technology is going to work. Most people now say it's going to be a kind of a.

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Universe of different ledger's, many of them overlapping, many of them competing.

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Perhaps, but also giving us the flexibility and freedom to decide the.

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Technologies we use and, most importantly, the distinct governance models on each.

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Of these ledger's next slide, please, and- and it's also important to think about.

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This not at you know the terms, the cryptocurrency networks, which are big.

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And public facing where you know, if I happen to know justin's bitcoin, address.

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And you know share it sheree's email address, I can know exactly the full.

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History of the payments that they've made between each other right. I instead.

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There's a spectrum here from fully permissionless in public on the.

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Left-Hand side to permissioned in private on the right-hand side, where.

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You're dealing with sensitive data, even if that sensitive data is not being.

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Directly written into the ledger, you're still dealing with applications on top.

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Of that that will deal with sensitive data, and so you really need better tools.

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To manage that than you would get on the public, permissionless side and and.

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Really, there's a spectrum here of different approaches to this kind of.

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Thing and just to jump in real quick. I think, like this slide right here and.

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Breaking it down is so valuable because a lot for the people that we meet with.

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This is one of the hang-ups that occur because when you talk with somebody.

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Again, we people talk about blockchain like it's this one thing that you buy.

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Off-The-Shelf plug-in and all the sudden magic starts happening and people get.

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Very hung up and and again very confused by some of these differences, because.

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Somebody might be talking about one of these levels of permission and that.

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Might be their full understanding of it, and so then they tell other people.

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Essentially referring to the blockchain as it's one thing, and then people get.

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Really confused and frustrated or just think it's hype or something, and so like.

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These are the one of the like this slide right here in particulars when I think just so valuable to break down cool yeah. It's a.

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And I and there'll be ways to bring these different block chains together.

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And of course, they'll be standardization, but it's important remember. You know the.

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Web kind of grew by some common, simple standards: the internet grew, but it was.

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Mapping on top of a very complex space underneath- and it was only by being able.

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To be adaptable to local environments to be able to run, you know virtual private.

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Networks, for example, or to be able to run intranet style applications that.

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We're actually able to move everyone over to web technologies and so yeah.

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There'll be a mini faceted world out there thanks like so now. Let me pivot.

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Didn't kind of explain who we are and the role that we're aiming to play in.

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This space, so hyper ledger, is a part of the linux foundation, which has been.

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Around for about 15 years, helping bring together the different facets of the.

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Linux, initially just the linux operating system, world and increasingly more of.

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The rest of the open-source community and when I say facets, there's kind of.

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Two distinct layers of community that the linux foundation tries to bring.

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Together the developers working on code, who just want to get things done, who.

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Want to use the software, but you know if they find a bug. They want a place to report it. If they want to fix a bug. You know they have a fix, they want a place.

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To share it with other devs they want to if they want to work on some new feature.

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They want to find other people who want to work on it with them right and so.

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Providing kind of a governance model kind of an air traffic control, if you.

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Will for developers is a key part of what the linux foundation does the.

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Second, tier of that is the companies in this space. The vendors I mean there may.

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Be a misunderstanding that that open source software depends upon the kind of.

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Charity work of a lot of individuals who are completely uncompensated and have no.

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Idea of the inherent value of their own intellectual output right and are doing.

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It just for it to build a better world, and there are people out there like that.

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People who are you know, working on open source software to make the world a.

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Better place, but there are also quite a few people. I would wager to say the.

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Majority of people who work on things like linux or cloud compute, open source.

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Cloud computing tools or open source automotive software, open source.

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You know all these different areas who are doing it for a business reason.

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They're doing it for their employer they're doing it for to solve some.

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Problem, I that they have or they're just doing it, to raise their skills and.

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Develop a profile in space: it's not charity, so much as enlightened.

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Self-Interest and so the linux foundation's role there is to help these.

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Companies understand not just how to get value out of using this code, but how to.

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Redirect some of that back to the build a broader community, build a multi vendor.

C

Or multi stakeholder community around it. Sometimes it's a bit of marketing.

C

Sometimes that's a bit of soothsaying, you know. Sometimes it's running.

C

Conferences and events- sometimes it's just going and showing up and giving a.

C

Talk right, but this is critical work and the linux foundation has grown well.

C

Beyond the linux operating system a few years ago, it got into all these.

C

Different sectors, in fact, next slide got into networking cloud computing web.

C

Technologies like nodejs and the javascript foundation security projects.

C

Like, let's encrypt and the core infrastructure initiative, all of these.

C

Domains where you could define a common set of needs and find companies and.

C

Organizations who are willing to combine their efforts, both financial efforts to.

C

Help fund a program office around each of these projects and put their.

C

Developers on these projects to go and build software that everyone gets to.

C

Take for granted, you know it's, it's it's plumbing its infrastructure, businesses.

C

Do not compete on the quality of their plumbing right, and so this is a a.

C

Necessary a must, have and there's a lot of companies who realize that by jointly.

C

Building this they end up saving money. They end up getting further faster, even.

C

If it means their competitors or other other companies can use the fruits of.

C

Their work for free, there's kind of a bigger picture here at work right so.

C

Hyper ledger fits into this picture where, for the last two and a half years,.

C

We've been as a part of the linux foundation. Building this independent.

C

Community around blockchain technologies next slide and we are builders. I mean.

C

There's a lot of other or except they're, talking about protocols and and and.

C

Trying to look at standards in this space, whether it's iso or the ietf, the.

C

W3C, we also don't view ourselves as a.

C

Governance organization, there are groups like the etherium foundation or you know.

C

Many of the other companies kind of coin centric kinds of foundations out there.

C

Or in the blockchain space governance organizations like r3, who are building a.

C

Banking network or moby mo vi, who are focusing on automotive blockchain use.

C

Cases they're all about how do we bring together participants in these sectors.

C

And build use cases and actually go deploy a ledger. What we're about is.

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Building the underlying tools right, the underlying software packages to be able.

C

To stand these networks up to be able to run these in production and and build.

C

These these ledger's across all the different all these different places.

C

Very much like how linux, as an operating system, runs inside of every android.

C

Phone runs inside of every mazda car starting starting this year and runs on.

C

All 500 of the top 500 supercomputers in the world right. It's that flexibility.

C

But also that standardization, that comes from having common, open source code and.

C

That's why we exist next slide and so within hyper ledger. We have 10 different.

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Technology initiatives- I won't go into each of them because that would take.

C

Another hour, the one that you might have heard most about is fabric, that is the.

C

One that kind of we started the project with fabric and with sawtooth but fabric.

C

Is the one that perhaps has received the most developer attention and the most.

C

Industry attention it's a mature product, it is hit version 1.2, but it's being.

C

Used in production today, for example, the we trade network that I mentioned is.

C

Using it in production, the two that I'll additionally point out and happy to talk.

C

About many others is hyper ledger borough, which is an implementation of.

C

The etherium virtual machine, which is a smart contract engine- and this is a.

C

Toolkit for being able to run the same kinds of scripts, in fact, in many cases.

C

The very same scripts that run on the public aetherium network, but to be able.

C

To run that in a permissioned environment and that runs standalone. But.

C

Also runs now on top of both fabric and sawtooth, which is another framework that.

C

We have that hyper ledger and then also mention indie indie is.

C

Tool for building distributed self sovereign identity, blockchain systems- I.

C

Know that's a mouthful, but that is a platform that's being used today by a.

C

Nonprofit called the sovereign foundation sov rin, org and they're doing.

C

A lot of interesting work in distributed digital identity, including with the.

C

Government of british columbia and with several other government projects, I.

C

Think the state of illinois, as well as doing a part, is doing a project with.

C

Them and so we're really excited about that happy to talk about more like in.

C

The q&a next slide, we've got a tremendous amount of momentum behind.

C

What we're doing I mean it's hard to measure impact when you've got a technology base that people can use not only for free, they can use without.

C

Asking for permission they can use without telling you you know it's not.

C

Like say, coin market capcom, where you get to see here's the top. You know 1000.

C

Crypto currencies out there there's no leaderboard for this, because this is.

C

Fundamentally about permissioned technologies, but we've had over 500.

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Different developers contributing code to the different hyper ledger projects.

C

We've had over 50,000 actually an update from this 50,000 different commits to.

C

The different repositories: we have a lot of active working groups that cut across.

C

These different projects or focused on performance security architecture, those.

C

Sorts of things, and as an organization, we have developed quite a footprint as.

C

Well, in the membership that we've pulled together to help support this effort,.

C

Next slide, this is the nascar slide, as we call it of the companies that are our.

C

Biggest supporters, financially and and often in terms of software developers,.

C

The you'll notice some familiar names there, no doubt, including one that might.

C

Have taken out that super bowl or the the world cup commercial that you.

C

Mentioned but others that are really end-users of these technologies right so.

C

Companies like airbus and daimler or jpmorgan.

C

None of these are software companies. None of these are cloud companies, but.

C

They realize they're going to be using this technology deeply inside of their.

C

Own businesses, and so they wanted a front-row seat to it next slide.

C

But we're also involving the work of over 200 other for-profit companies who.

C

Have jumped in and and that represents a really broad geographic distribution, as.

C

Well, you'll see companies like wanda. I was sorry why way if I do and ten cents.

C

Involved but quite a few startups in china organizations in europe.

C

Organizations in the states, a mix of big companies and and and startup companies.

C

All over the map so really excited to have such a broad cross-section. Those of.

C

Not only the the tech industry but but other industries that we know will be.

C

Impacted by blockchain technologies involved next slide and finally, we also.

C

Have a membership model that that is really inclusive of nonprofits.

C

Government agencies and industry consortium and universities, so we have.

C

50 members now who have committed, they don't commit financial resources, but.

C

They, I guess we don't, we don't want their money, but what we want is their.

C

Involvement in the project in some way, and that can be code that can be in.

C

Doing research of the technology that can be in hosting meetups or simply.

C

Directing their or their organizations their members to get closer to and.

C

Understand who we are and what we do- and this includes organizations like the.

C

Cftc, the federal reserve bank of boston, the bank of england, the monetary.

C

Authority of singapore, smart dubai, which is the government agency and dubai.

C

That's chartered with moving their entire government over to blockchain.

C

Technology, where appropriate, by 2020 and and so we really believe in kind of a.

C

You know this is fundamentally technology for building consortium right.

C

Technology for building governance organizations, and so we think it's.

C

Really important to partner with those types of organisations in that space and.

C

Frankly, for me, it's less the use cases about banking networks and much more. The.

C

Use cases around how do we build auditable systems that, in the private.

C

Sector and the public sector in the you know in the in the in the nonprofit.

C

World you know all over the map. How do we really important sub trustworthy.

C

Technology and trustworthy systems at a time in an era when.

C

Trust is on the decline where people aren't quite sure if they can believe what they read online anymore, and this is one path out of that kind of spiral.

C

So next slide, that's really all I wanted to say and let's jump into some.

C

Conversation awesome well, thank you so much again and for everyone has joined.

A

Us so the chat is live right now we only have some comments from bindu asking.

A

About small business support, which I'm sure you can go on to the website and.

A

Check it out and find out more information, and so we actually have some.

A

Questions already geared up, and so in the meantime, participants around the.

A

World who are tuning in for this feel free to chat it out. Actually, I wanted to.

A

Go right for the jugular on this one, because one of the things that obviously.

A

Like we were, we have more than a thousand people currently subscribing to.

A

These gsa, government-wide blockchain programs, but then around the other side.

A

You also hear that government isn't doing anything. I know at times I've seen.

A

This like, when we're consulting with agencies, somebody will legitimately say.

A

I will not sign off on this to continue, because I've heard it's a bunch of hype.

A

Or I've read that it's a bunch of hype and it's actually something that's.

A

Troubling the weirdness factor a little bit and the way people are treating it.

A

Coming back because sometimes the way that people even describe it and they.

A

Think they're being positive, it still creeps people out a little bit and I.

A

Think all of us have experienced that kind of like a little bit of snake oil.

A

And people get excited about it earlier. But if we're trying to have that.

A

Practical innovation and again employed us today and find out when it's.

A

Appropriate or not I mean how would you say like if you were a senior leader in.

A

Government for an agency who is watching this? What would you tell them like where.

A

Could they start what are some red flags? They should maybe look at to be able to.

A

Separate through that height and really look what's going on today in their.

A

Agency yeah well, despite the first four letters of our name, happening to be hype.

C

We really like to try to be the sacred yeah. I know it.

C

That out, maybe we need a rebrand. Now, at the we've been focused from day, one on.

C

You know the same kinds of things that built the internet right rough consensus.

C

But running code, and and it doesn't really matter what you believe or how.

C

You want to remake the world unless you can ship a product. People can pull into.

C

Their hands and start using and and solving some very basic needs. First.

C

Right and then we can see where it goes so by being very software focused and.

C

Shipping focused, I think our community has helped kind of substantiate that.

C

There are real use cases out there. The roi on them is still being figured out.

C

All right like, where is the right place to use these, but what's becoming clear.

C

Is that it's often not what the consultants think it's often not what the top down decision makers necessarily think, but as often just like with other.

C

Waves of technology, a bottom-up driven kind of thing, so my sincere.

C

Recommendation to a lot of people is to you know, stop going to you know the more.

C

Think piece: blockchain events, you know and and let your devs let your technical.

C

Staff go to some more the technical, focused ones and give them carve out.

C

Some space where they can start to understand this technology, where they.

C

Can spend an afternoon which is really all that it takes going to either hyper.

C

Ledger org or to the other kind of interesting websites out there around.

C

Developer technology in the space and build a hello world equivalent right, I.

C

Know that in the course of an afternoon on this, anybody who's an average.

C

Developer or above will be able to to build a proof of concept, will be able to.

C

Gain an understanding and if they, if they it's like, building a muscle, it's.

C

Building a capacity right and then they'll be able to take that to.

C

Challenges that they see in in the rest of rest of their day-to-day work now.

C

This is a little bit different from some previous technology waves, in that it is.

C

Fundamentally, a a team sport, as my friend david treat at accenture, likes to.

C

Say it's fundamentally, there's no such thing as a blockchain of one right or.

C

Even a blockchain application of one you can prototype something, but you really.

C

Want to understand, you really want to think about use cases that span people.

C

You deal with you, maybe even your competitors right, so in a lot of cases.

C

We're saying competitors like those 12 banks, doing that that we trade network getting together to figure out what is common.

C

Enough about all of our businesses that it's worth coming up with a common use.

C

Case and what are we willing to share with each other, even though you know.

C

We're gonna be competing with each other for business as well. So that's a little.

C

Bit, that's where maybe you do need more of the business and strategy side to kind of get to get a degree of clarity around.

C

Where is there a collective action problem right? Where is there a.

C

Coordination challenge between them and their market that they live in and and.

C

Maybe somewhere between those two strands of research, you know you know.

C

With with the business side meeting regularly with the technology side,.

C

You'll you'll come up with a with an appropriate proof of concept or even.

C

Pilot project in in-house also, do you have anything, follow up without charge.

C

You know it varies, but I think there's a lot that they can do to understand what.

C

This landscape means it's kind of like talking about the web. In 1994, I mean.

C

People had seen bbs's people had seen prodigy or compuserve right, but until.

C

They could actually see the web, you know and and and have that kind of first line.

C

Experience it was, it was a challenge, so there are, but you know we. I gave a.

C

Couple of examples there are websites out there that are also detailing. We.

C

Have a bar chain showcase, for example, on the hyperlink or website that talks.

C

About other deployments of this technology, we also funded the.

C

Development of a course at edx called blockchain for business. The first half.

C

Of which is not about programming at all, but is about this model for.

C

Understanding, how do you build these these business networks, these blockchain.

C

Networks and so we've had over a hundred thousand people sign up for that course.

C

And and then the second half of it is, let's go and implement this using.

C

Different hyper ledger technologies and we actually do have a project an.

C

Initiative at hyper ledger called hyper ledger composer, which is a high-level.

C

Ide, if you will for defining you know your blockchain use case, here's the.

C

Actors: here's the assets, here's the business process flow and then it.

C

Creates for you chain code, which is like the smart contract system used in fabric.

C

As well as in a front-end built in javascript for an application that does.

C

What you want it to do, so I I think it's pretty approachable, I mean there's still.

C

It is still a bit like the early days of the web, where there's pieces that aren't.

C

Necessarily finished, but iii, but they're also in a growing category of blockchain.

C

As a service providers, companies that will make developing and deploying these.

C

Kinds of things much more programmatic and and accessible to staff. Excellent, so.

A

There's actually a so now, there's a lot of questions over here, so we're gonna.

A

We're gonna go through them, so chris, and actually this is something that we can.

A

Help dispel as well, because and something that we were talking about.

A

Before we started rolling with this, is this sort of like cassandra complex that.

A

People can feel for this because there's so much more going on than a lot of.

A

People realize or know about and part of it is because these things are advancing.

A

At a speed that oftentimes you're not gonna, see it on a government website.

A

There's not going to be an agency policy to address it and normal indicators.

A

People usually look for so chris here goes, brown mentioned a handful of.

A

Private sector use cases what are agencies using it for and which ones.

A

Have made the most progress and we can actually just talk a little bit for us.

A

And then, of course brian for you to follow up on, but you could tell you some.

A

Of the challenges that we have in this, if you go to so our website emerging.

A

Digital gov was conceived to be a repository atlas, where agencies were.

A

Going to be able to quickly be able to post updates on pilot programs and proof.

A

Of concepts and everything that's going out there so what it happen, cuz you.

A

Again, you're not going to read about this stuff in a lot of places, so we put.

A

A placeholder content, which is just scratching the surface of what we work.

A

With with federal agencies and a we got inundated with so many requests just.

A

From a folder content, but to a lot of it hasn't updated because again is just.

A

Even what what we're rushing to get online for people to know about is a.

A

Fraction of, what's going on a gsa ourselves, federal acquisition services, an entire profit program on acquisition vehicles.

A

In it schedule 70, so if you check out gsa and blockchain you're gonna find out.

A

About that health and human services fda, we talked with the navy. The obviously.

A

Your organization, so it's this weirdness for us a little bit, because here you.

A

Know, and that's where the cassandra complex comes in is we're working on.

A

This stuff, we see this stuff and we want to warn people and basically tell them.

A

Listen: here's the needs, here's the trends that gets seen, but if those.

A

Aren't being communicated outwards, we're doomed to not be able to really get.

A

People to believe it sometimes right, so it's a constant source of frustration.

A

But that being said, I mean from now we've brought in your team and you've.

A

Been so gracious with time to be able to help some of these agencies? What are.

A

Some of the trends that you see going on, I think you couldn't take in okay, so.

C

We're seeing a lot of government agencies experimenting with this.

C

Worldwide right- and there are some famous examples, like the government of.

C

Dubai I mentioned they had the crown prince of dubai issue, an edict that they.

C

Were going to move the government, a 100 percent to blockchain technology by 2020.

C

I think they've pulled back a little bit on that to be more practical, but they.

C

Actually, adequately staffed an entire agency with a couple hundred people to.

C

Go out and do a whole series of proofs of concept using different technologies.

C

They came down and decided we're gonna pick a hyper ledger fabric as one of the.

C

Two core technologies that we expect people to build on top of and integrate.

C

With but then they systematically identified use cases and are pushing.

C

That, through I think, they'll actually hit their target. There are other states.

C

Like the state of illinois, which launched a the illinois blockchain.

C

Initiative, which is within that state, an attempt to collect a possible use cases.

C

Interested research interested parties at the state, county and city level to.

C

Start to implement some proofs of concept around.

C

Bursts, birth and death certificates around land titles around business.

C

Registrations, the state of delaware has also been very active when it comes to.

C

The business reggie tration, given that there's so many businesses out there who register in delaware, because it's known as the very.

C

Business friendly state now they're moving that to a digital process and.

C

Issuing those records onto a blockchain makes complete sense right. So so there's.

C

A lot of a lot of government's experimenting with this and and some.

C

Who've moved into production, a one use case so mentioned it very cautiously. Is.

C

There's a lot of interest in the application of blockchain tech to voting.

C

And I'll get my personal take on it, which is that I think it would be great.

C

As a as a tool to enhance the integrity of the voter registration process to.

C

Help fight people's names being stricken from the record unfairly, but also make.

C

Sure that everyone who should be able to vote, and only those who should be able.

C

To vote are able to vote but then, secondarily, when you add up the totals.

C

At the different real world polling places having transparency into how that.

C

Roll-Up actually summarizes to a statewide or a countrywide.

C

Kind of total right, both those are places where there's you know, using a.

C

Public distributed ledger, it could be very advantageous when it comes to.

C

Helping build confidence in the voting process. I think the actual submission of.

C

A vote. You still want a voter verified paper ballot, but that's that's. That's.

C

Something different so no they're, really legion and and.

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Anything involving wood, you know the submission of a form by by the private.

C

Sector for some sort of process, or even potentially, by a citizen in some way.

C

That affects their digital identity. I think those those processes in twenty.

C

Years time at the outset right, but but in some cases a lot sooner than that.

C

Will be backed, perhaps even invisibly to the end user by watching in somewhere.

C

Enough and our resource, I could actually point people to as well: oh ii, cd, which.

A

Is based out of paris recently issued a new report that they worked quite a long.

A

Time on that looked at over 200 public sector blockchain programs around the.

A

World and like a lot of times again, people are like. Oh I'm not familiar, that.

A

Government was part of blockchain and over 200 different programs around the.

A

World is a lot, but still that's only a frack.

A

Because even the ones that the u.s. government listed it's only again, what.

A

People can discover online and know about and there's such an undercurrent.

A

Around this, so I'd invite anybody to check out the oecd report on blockchain.

A

That just came out and again it's really fantastic primer for looking at. What's.

A

Happening in the public sector and also know that, like it's still growing and.

A

Still there's interest in there but, as you said brian to some of this stuff of.

A

Course, just because people are excited and they're passionate about it doesn't.

A

Mean it might be the totally appropriate thing in the long run, to be able to do.

A

Because again, this is changing so quickly that the pros the cons are.

A

Shifting and people need to be part of that, and one thing that I think has.

C

Changed in the last two years that has helped with the adoption of this in by.

C

The the consideration of this by the by the public sector has been the fact that.

C

We now know how to build blockchain networks without needing a.

C

Cryptocurrency at the heart of it right, a speculative financial instrument that.

C

Has booms and busts and where you have kind of you know, actors who might want.

C

To pump the value up of that temporarily right, yeah.

C

We also know how to build these now without needing proof of work. Proof of.

C

Work is the specific computer algorithm that famously drives that very heavy.

C

Energy consumption that people associate with bitcoin and the other.

C

Cryptocurrencies, but on a permissioned ledger's and in all these use cases.

C

Around government that I know of at least you don't need proof of work. You.

C

Don't need what is designed for a big public internet scale, anonymous network.

C

If you pull back a little bit from those requirements, you find that there's.

C

Simpler consensus mechanisms that that don't consume energy just for the sake.

C

Of it, which proof of work sometimes does so between these two things, I think.

C

There's been a much more mainstream acceptance of this idea of distributed.

C

Ledger's, now that we know that we don't have the toxic kind of impact of all.

C

That energy consumption and we don't have to worry about scammers making bank.

C

At the heart of the technology- oh yeah totally I mean so. We could scale.

B

We'll return on investment yeah, so actually so somebody that we're familiar.

A

With donna over at the asian development bank just ask question thanking you of.

A

Course, bryan and says you know she says we need to build capacity in asia like.

A

How can development bank's, like the asian development bank, become part of.

A

This and knowing things like the u.s. gov is one of the largest stakeholders.

A

Of it is there any basic steps you can offer people quickly that you know where.

A

Work, where can people start to learn how to be part of this entire collaborative.

A

Environment, well, in particular, has been you know. One of the leaders in in this.

C

Project I mean I mentioned, for example, the fact that our consortium has.

C

Participation from members plenty of members in asia, but also 20 percent of.

C

Our members are headquartered in mainland china and at a time when you.

C

Know, there's a fair degree of tension in the air in international relations. This.

C

Is actually a space where developers are collaborating where companies are.

C

Collaborating because so many of the use cases span international borders that.

C

Involve you know, supply chains, you know from you know, stretching all the way.

C

From one side of the planet, to the other and in particular, while the chinese.

C

Government and and other asian governments have been really skittish.

C

Around cryptocurrencies and icos they've all been uniformly very.

C

Supportive of the idea of using technologies like this to help build.

C

More auditable systems, more automated marketplaces right as a way to leapfrog.

C

Potentially a whole generation of earlier industrial systems in the same.

C

Way that the cellphone leapfrogged entirely the local landline business in.

C

In many developing countries right so asia developers in particular are.

C

Coming up to speed on these technologies, we ourselves have a team, that's based in.

C

Hong kong, who helps maintain our relationships with our members as well.

C

As the developer communities in that region, we certainly would love them to.

C

Get involved, we even have a wee chat channel if that's appropriate for the.

C

Audience, but I you know getting involved in this, is the same as you know. Anybody.

C

In any other country, which is all of the at least to do, for I don't mean to.

C

Hype what we do, but but as an example right, we publish on the.

C

Website on our wiki, through our mailing lists, through our source code.

C

Repositories, everything is public and transparent. There is never. You know, you.

C

Never need to pay a fee. You never need to ask permission. There's no special.

C

Information to be conferred and a one-on-one meeting where there's no.

C

Salespeople we're going to send out to you all of that information about how to.

C

Start using this is there and it's up to really you if you're a developer, oh.

C

To go and pull that down or if you're, if you manage developers to empower them.

C

Give them the space and the time and the freedom to be able to understand these.

C

Technologies and maybe build a proof of concept or beyond awesome, so we actually.

A

We have about five more minutes left. We have much more questions so we'll try to.

A

Start with the top here now, you mentioned the magical word for us.

A

Transparency before- and I like we were just discussing before we have a shared.

A

Heritage because we've all contributed to some of the open government.

A

Initiatives specifically, you know: transparency, accountability,.

A

Responsiveness, you know basically the kind of government that everybody would.

A

Like to really have so tom asks and what special way can blockchain assist with.

A

Transparency, well, you know just as it's not magic, pixie dust when it comes to.

C

Stuff that gets written to the ledger right. It isn't automatically just because it's written doesn't make it true. You know you want to have ways to verify the integrity of what's being claimed. I.

C

Also, don't necessarily believe in a technology in particular can force an.

C

Organization or a marketplace to be more transparent or open to the public than.

C

It otherwise wants to be, but I believe once you create a model and incentive to.

C

Do that, whether it's to enhance the integrity of claims about products.

C

Moving through a supply chain or the set up say, you know a blockchain to track.

C

Claims that are being made to try to answer the concern about the integrity.

C

Of the press, for example, around around publications like we can use this as.

C

More trustworthy data than we might otherwise have well, as somebody who is.

C

Leading the charge on open data ten years ago, it always disturbed me a bit.

C

You know prospect of that open dataset. You know.

C

If it's stored on a server somewhere being kind of silently corrupted or.

C

Silently changed in a way that that would favor whoever hope and happened to.

C

Run the servers that that open data set was sitting on right without a really.

C

Easy way for us to verify integrity of those claims to have witnesses to a.

C

Claim that's being made and without that data being plugged into the transaction.

C

Systems of the world you know. Instead, it was just like this two or three layers.

C

Out kind of exhaust from that activity. But what if we made that that data.

C

Actually, the ledger that everyone used to keep track of transactions keep track.

C

Of who owned what properties out there in the real world, who you know like or.

C

Business registrations, what if we used it as a way to try to fight you know the.

C

Way that that business registrations are sometimes done as a way to hide the true.

C

Actors behind certain systems right what what if we thought, it's not enough to.

C

Get political or anything like that, but but in the hands of the right that.

C

People who understand how these technologies work, I think we might find.

C

A way to reinvent how regulatory processes work, I know the sec and the.

C

Cftc are very interested in this there's a way that actually helps businesses be.

C

More effective, more efficient, build upon each other, much more much more.

C

Effectively, but might also allow us, as the public to be able to have greater.

C

Confidence that you know the systems aren't being corrupted against our.

C

Interests so I'm optimistic there. I was with the internet too, and and it's.

C

Sometimes hard to be optimistic on any given day, but the minute the net impact.

C

Of all these technologies is undeniable, and, and I think it will lead us to a.

C

Better place all right- and I this is probably going.

A

To be our last question, but it addresses the great religious debate of our time.

A

Open incentivized models versus private closed networks, because again this goes.

A

Down to even the way that people perceive this technology is sometimes.

A

Someone's understanding well, we have one of those models and then they'll make.

A

Judgments and comments based on that and people will be like. Well, that's not a.

A

Real blockchain, that's not really! This I mean we take a very agnostic view where.

A

This technology is secondary to problem-solving and better processes.

A

Themselves and opening it in such a way that these technologies could.

A

Potentially solve them, so people get into really fierce debates about the.

A

Open blockchain or a closed system and then again they'll even say these are.

A

Not even real things so well, what are your thoughts on that? You touched upon.

A

It a little bit before, but if you wanted to close out on this, how how should.

A

People be thinking about this well, technology debates are nothing new. I.

C

Mean the technology industry, you know as its fought the the emacs versus vi.

C

Battle for four decades, but what we didn't have before was this additional.

C

Layer where people have tokens in their pockets of a certain value and if I've.

C

Run an ic o----, you know for because I'm really passionate about solving a.

C

Problem and I and I sold a bunch of people, tokens that are gonna be redeemable in some way, with some floating value to them. I not gonna, be.

C

Surprised, if my, if I end up becoming an advocate for that system right or if I.

C

Even if I've just bought tokens in somebody else's system, I'm gonna be.

C

Motivated to try to drive people to that, so it's really hard to escape the.

C

Tribalism in this space really hard to escape, I you know kind of like the.

C

Conflicts of interest that exist often out there just to be upfront, I'm very.

C

Much for tokenization, I think blockchain technology can be used to to make the.

C

Trading of a lot of financial instruments, much more liquid, much much.

C

Easier to do much easier to trace and keep bad actors from the system out of.

C

The system, but I think we have to be careful about choosing technologies.

C

Where there's a very small number of beneficiaries, open-source software has.

C

Always been about spreading that wealth spreading that benefit in a much in a.

C

Much broader and more equitable way that doesn't penalize late comers to a.

C

Technology, and so that's that's where we hang our hat and that's why all the.

C

Things that we've been building have been about intrinsic value and painting.

C

This broad spectrum from very small and closed permissions on one end to public.

C

And, on the other, with a lot of points in between brian, you should call it no.

A

Hyper ledger, I think, is you pretty much make it sound like a reasonable thing.

A

That people can be able to get more resources on understand and know that.

A

You're part of a large community out there would no matter what.

A

Organization, you are, and of course, are our customers and colleagues, our federal.

A

Agencies themselves and to know that you're, a part of a strong, robust.

A

Community of people asking the same questions and you know there's no reason.

A

To go any of this alone, like you said, blockchain is not a one-person sport on.

A

It so we're gonna close out. I'm gonna give up a few next steps and brian and.

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Your team, thank you so much again for joining us. Both you and your team have.

A

Been very available to us and we look forward to bringing you in to more.

A

Workshops, maybe we could start building some stuff and again keeping that.

A

Relationship open because collaboration between you know, government and industry.

A

And academia: that's the only way. We're gonna do this and do this right and.

A

Fulfill the full promise of it, modernization for public services and so.

A

A couple of those next steps, as well, of course, is we're going to be sharing this.

A

Video online and sorry we couldn't get to all of your questions, but again this.

A

Is an open collaborative process? This isn't just like one-off webinars or.

A

Something we're always thinking of new ideas in which we can open up our table.

A

And bring you in to be able to get the best opportunities, the best information.

A

So a we're gonna have more webinars like this. We have workshops at gsa. We invite.

A

You to go to emerging digital gov and sign up for the federal blockchain.

A

Community and there's two of them, one of them, is for government only. The other.

A

One is the public, so any of you can sign up to get news and information on.

A

Opportunities like this or other things, and you can answer- ask your questions.

A

There and have the full breadth of the community there too, to solve it, for you.

A

Sherry, thank you as always for coming over and working with us on. This is.

A

There anything else you want to add before closing it out only continue to.

B

Awesome. Thank you. So much for moll appear at gsa. Digitalgov university have.

A

Yourself, a great and, most importantly, very productive week. Thank you.