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From YouTube: How Blockchain Technology Restores Accountability in the Public Sphere | BRAIN BEHLENDORF
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B
C
Thank
you.
It's
really
exciting
to
be
here
so
I.
No
doubt
you've
heard
about
blockchain
technology
in
the
context
of
crypto
currencies
and
lots
of
people
making
money
in
very
fast
and
not
entirely,
let's
say
just
legal
ways,
but
I'm
here
to
kind
of
tell
you
about
a
whole
group
of
people
and
a
whole
group
of
organizations
that
are
working
together
to
really
look
at
the
technology
underneath
blockchain,
underneath
these
different
cryptocurrencies
to
try
to
understand
is
there.
C
Is
there
something
essential
something
interesting
about
these
that
can
be
used
to
solve
some
otherwise
very
intractable
problems,
as
the
role
has
gotten
more
digital,
as
the
world
has
gotten
more
integrated
as
technologists?
We
haven't
really
answered
this
question
of.
How
do
we
build
trustworthy
systems?
How
do
we
build
technologies
that
help
us
deal
with
problems
in
a
world
where
people
are
trusting?
Institutions
lost
people
are
trusting
noteworthy
figures
less.
C
How
do
we
actually
use
these
to
reinforce
some
essential
systems
that
we've
had
since
the
dawn
of
accounting
since
the
dawn
of
triple
entry,
Ledger's
double
entry,
Ledger's?
That
sort
of
thing
and
and
really
this
underlying
technology
of
blockchain
technology,
which
I
would
I
would
kind
of
characterize
as
having
two
pieces
distributed?
C
Ledger's
and
smart
contracts
rests
on
this
notion
of
building
a
what
what
technologists
might
call
a
shared
multi
master
database
resilient
to
hostile
actors
and
to
try
to
illustrate
this
I
want
to
try
to
run
a
little
bit
of
an
experiment
here
in
the
room
I'd
like
somebody
here
to
yell
out
the
name
of
a
city,
New
York,
okay,
New
York.
Now
somebody
yell
out
a
color
red,
okay,
I
heard
red
New,
York,
City,
red
and
now
a
piece
of
clothing,
a
dress:
okay,
New,
York,
City
red
dress.
C
Right
now,
you've
all
heard
in
different
people
here
I
think
there
were
different
people
unless
I
heard
the
same
person,
yell
out
New,
York,
City,
red
and
dress
right
now
we
all
perhaps
have
written
this
down
in
our
notebooks.
We
all,
perhaps,
if,
like
I
kind
of
memorize,
that
that's
only
three
but
if
we
were
to
go
out
later
and
try
to
compare,
did
you
hear
the
same
thing?
C
Someone
else
did
if
we
were
to
compare
a
long
list
of
things
that
would
be
challenging
right,
but
if
we
instead
applied
a
hash
to
that
right
and
by
this
I
might
say,
take
the
first
letters
of
each
of
those
write:
NY,
R
and
D
right,
New,
York,
read
and
dress
so
NY
Rd,
and
how
many
syllables
was
that
New,
York
read
and
dress.
That's
pretty
easy.
I
was
four,
so
NY
Rd
four
right.
We
walk
out
of
here
as
long
as
we
as
we
can
all
say
to
each
other,
ny
already
four.
C
C
Because
all
of
us
in
this
room
have
a
shared
understanding
of
reality
because
we're
all
here
we
all
have
ears,
we
all
witness
things
right,
but
when
we
leave
this
room
and
we
try
to
reconstruct
what
happened,
knowing
that
each
detail
was
was
the
same
and
that
somebody
didn't
yell
out,
yellow
or
Berlin
is
actually
pretty
important
to
solving
this
reconciliation
challenge
that
we
have
with
modern
systems
and
and
so
now
that
we
have
this.
This
ledger
this
thing
that
is
hard
to
modify
hard
to
to
change.
C
Without
those
change
being
noticed,
we
can
do
other
things
as
well.
I
could
take
this
glass
of
water,
for
example,
I
could
drink
from
it.
All
of
you
could
witness
that
great,
but
then
I
could
also
hand
it
to
somebody
off
stage
right.
Thank
you
for
taking
Atwater
I
didn't
drink
it
I
promise.
All
of
you
have
witnessed
that
now.
This
is
essentially
an
asset
right.
This
is
a
glass
of
water
that
I
no
longer
possess.
C
He
now
has
it
and
if
I
tried
to
claim
to
you
that
I
was
handing
that
same
glass
of
water
to
somebody
else,
you
would
you
would
none
of
you
would
accept
that
as
a
valid
transaction
right.
This
is
now
a
digital
asset
in
this
world
that
we've
created
online,
and
now
he
has
that
glass
of
water,
and
he
can
only
hang
out.
He
can
hand
it
to
somebody
else.
I
can't
hand
it
back
to
me.
C
Thank
you,
and
this
is
now
something
that
we
can
put
inside
of
our
digital
systems
to
implement
digital
assets,
something
that
we
could
do
if
ever
if
the
world
lived
inside
of
Facebook
or
Google
or
Amazon,
but
that
would
have
those
organizations
defining
reality,
and
that
would
be
really
big
challenge
for
all
of
us.
Oh
I
should
have
skipped
ahead
to
this
slide
here,
to
talk
more
about
it,
so
so
in
this
way
we
create
these
distributed
networks
and
and
I
and
create
these
shared
systems
of
of
knowledge
of
history
of
transactions.
C
We
can
implement
digital
asset
systems
that
we
trade
back
and
forth,
and
then
we
can
also
create
a
world
of
smart
contracts.
Now
a
smart
contract
I'd
simply
be
a
promise
that
I
make
you
know
to
say
when
I
receive
that
glass
of
water
I
will
also
then
deposit
five
tokens
in
somebody
else's
account
right,
and
this
is
something
that
is
essentially
a
promise
broadcast
out
to
the
world
so
that
you
know
when
you
see
that
transferred
to
me
all
of
you
come
to
a
consensus
that
says
all
right,
Brian
is
now
transferred.
C
You
know
I
five
tokens
to
another
party
right-
and
this
is
this
world
of
smart
contracts
laid
on
top
of
this
world
of
shared
Ledger's
is
a
way
to
really
get
to
not
a
degree
of
automation
in
the
business
world
that
you
don't
really
have.
Today.
You
have
what
is
known
as
counterparty
risk,
a
promise
that
might
not
be
fulfilled
an
obligation
or
a
debt
that
might
not
be
paid
off
and
smart
contracts
are
a
way
to
reinforce
that
and
implement
it.
C
Now
notice
I've
talked
about
all
this
without
having
to
describe
the
role
that
cryptocurrencies
play
in
this.
There
are
a
lot
of
people
who
have
built
digital
systems,
cryptocurrency
systems
on
top
of
these
to
bedrock
pieces,
but
there's
a
lot
of
other
use
cases
and,
if
you
think
about
well
a
lot
of
other
other
industries
that
are
using
this
are
in
the
finance
industry
we're
everywhere.
C
So
for
the
advocates
of
increasing
efficiency,
this
is
a
really
big
deal,
and
where
might
we
use
this
not
only
kind
of
in
a
government
setting
but
in
a
societal
setting?
Well,
we
can
add
III.
We
can
really
look
at
how
regulations
are
implemented
in
these
different
industries
and
look
at
these
technologies
as
a
way
to
automatically
enforce
many
of
these
types
of
regulatory
environments.
If
I
can't
transfer
a
digital
asset
that
I've
already
handed
off,
if
I
can't
spend
that
twice,
that
is
a
whole
category
of
fraud
that
is
eliminated
from
systems.
C
If
there's
a
smart
contract
that
defines
the
process
that
I
might
hand
one
thing
off
to
another
party
under
or
the
compensation
I
might
receive,
or
something
like
an
options
agreement.
Well,
that's
that's
a
way
to
enforce
this
automatically,
rather
than
depending
upon
lawyers
and
accountants
and
judges
and
and
bureaucracy
to
implement
for
us.
But
we
can
also
implement
directories
and
registries.
We
can
get
into
digital
identity
and
even
participatory
democracy,
and
let
me
show
an
example
of
each
of
these.
C
C
So
they
moved
to
a
distributed
ledger
to
do
that,
traceability
they.
This
is
a
system
that
is
in
production
today
that
uses
a
blockchain
where
each
time
a
diamond
is
passed
off
from
one
party
to
the
next,
a
transaction
is
written
to
the
ledger
and
that
transactions
confirmed
by
the
party
that
receives
it.
In
fact,
the
party
that
has
ordered
that
diamond
door
is
expecting.
It
knows
not
to
accept
it
if
there
isn't
an
entry
for
it
in
the
ledger.
C
This
system
is
used
by
has
been
in
production
now
for
about
a
year
and
a
half
it's
been
used
by
about
one
person,
singular
percent
of
the
diamond
industry,
a
couple
of
million
diamonds
have
flown
through
the
system
and
there's
already
been
millions
of
dollars
of
attempts
at
fraud
that
it
has
kept
from
happening
now.
This
system
doesn't
replace
the
need
for
auditors
doesn't
replace
the
need
for
the
need
to
know
that
Hays
the
diamonds
that
I'm
looking
at
here,
the
same
one.
That's
on
the
ledger.
C
There's
lots
of
technologies
to
enhance
that,
but
at
some
point
soon,
if
you're
buying
an
expensive
diamond-
and
it's
not
entered
in
a
ledger
like
this,
you
might
have
reason
to
suspect
its
origin.
But
this
is
something
now
that
can
apply
to
other
types
of
goods
and
services
where
traceability
through
a
supply
chain
is
important.
The
seafood
industry
likewise
has
a
series
of
agreements
regarding
where
fish
may
be
caught
in
the
open
oceans
to
try
to
keep
overfishing
from
happening,
to
try
to
guarantee
that
nations
have
an
appropriate
balance
and
their
quotas.
C
That
sort
of
thing
and
there's
a
big
problem
with
pirate
fishing,
which
also
involves
labor
issues
as
well.
And
so
the
seafood
industry
is
implementing
a
similar
traceability
mechanism.
But
you
still
can't
trust
them
when
a
boat
shows
up
at
port
and
says
I
caught
this
fish
at
this
place
at
this
time
that
that's
necessarily
true
just
because
it's
written
to
a
blockchain.
C
So
in
these
projects,
what
they're
also
doing
is
adding
information
from
sensors
IOT
sensors
on
the
boats
on
the
nets
themselves
that
are
in
tamper,
proof
devices
that
measure
GPS
as
well
as
the
weight
of
the
nets,
so
that
when
a
boat
comes
into
port,
there's
already
data
in
the
blockchain
tracing
a
lot
of
additional
information
from
verifiable
third-party
sources.
That
allows
you
to
put
a
or
a
confidence
score
and
the
claim
that
that
boat
made
that
had
caught
that
fish
at
a
certain
place
at
a
certain
time.
C
And
then,
after
that,
boat
comes
in
there's
temperature,
sensors
on
the
shipping
containers
and
on
other
parts
of
the
process
that
allow
you
know,
organizations
at
the
end
of
that
chain
to
know
that
the
fish
was
kept
at
the
right
temperature
and
treated
appropriately.
All
of
this
is
about
enhancing
integrity
in
a
process
that
spans
so
many
organizations
so
many
jurisdictions,
but
also
where
there
isn't
really
a
central
trusted
third
party
to
vouch
for
everybody
in
the
system.
C
That
sort
of
thing,
but
such
centralized
digital
directories
also
were
ripe
for
corruption,
because
there
was
no
paper
trail.
It
was
very
easy
to
modify
that
to
corruptive
lee,
give
this
great
beachfront
property
north
of
the
capital
to
say
the
the
you
know,
the
dictator,
sun,
or
something
like
that.
If
it's
system
so
systems
like
this,
are
designed
to
enhance
the
integrity
of
such
registry
systems,
but
also
could
have
served
us
well
in
the
2008
crisis
in
the
United
States,
with
the
mortgage
crisis,
we're
tracing
who
owned
what
who
had
titled.
C
It
was
actually
a
big
part
of
the
failure
of
that
system,
not
so
much
when
the
explosion
of
mortgages
and
CDOs,
but
in
that
great
unwinding,
keeping
track
of
who
held
title
to
property
who
had
mortgages
against
those
properties,
was
something
that
involved
bureaucratic
processes
that
simply
broke
down
in
the
mad
rush.
As
anyone
who
saw
the
film
the
great
short
remembers,
these
tools
can
also
give
us
a
better
path
to
digital
identity
than
we
have
today.
Some
of
you
are
perhaps
familiar
with
the
odd
hire
system
in
India.
C
Perhaps
other
central
government
managed
digital
directory
services.
The
problem
with
those
is
they
kind
of
inherit
the
Facebook
model
of
everything,
interesting
about
you
being
on
the
their
end
of
a
name
and
password
or
of
a
thumbprint
scan,
or
something
like
that.
We
all
know
we
need
a
different
approach.
C
Thank
you
using
all
sorts
of
pointers
to
be
able
to
say
hey
when
I
present
my
diploma
to
you
claiming
I
graduated
from
a
certain
University
that
you
can
verify
the
integrity
of
that
and
the
claims
around
it,
and-
and
this
is
this-
is
in
production.
Today,
in
a
number
of
governments,
the
British
Columbia
government
launched
a
project
with
this
and
there's
another
effort
involving
the
government
of
Sierra
Leone
to
give
everybody
their
digital
identity
and
a
portable
credit
history
based
on
this
technology
and
technology
in
30
seconds.
C
That
are
quite
enough
time
to
go
into
what
I
think
is
ultimately
the
biggest
opportunity
here,
but
what
which
is
to
reinvent
how
a
lot
of
decisions
get
made
in
democracies
using
a
lot
of
these
building
blocks,
that
we've
talked
about
as
ways
to
build
grassroots
kind
of
policymaking
and
thinking
around.
How
do
we
organize
our
efforts
and
with
that
I
will
simply
say,
blockchains
can
help
us
build
societies
and
and
and
government
systems
that
are
lean,
auditable,
empowering
accountable
and
responsive.
Thank
you
very
much.