Hyperledger Foundation Hyperledger Global Forum 2021, 23 Jun 2021

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From YouTube: Oceans Plastics Recycling Solution using Hybrid Blockchain - Hitarshi Buch, Wipro Technologies

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Blockchain and AI on Lifelong Healthcare - Diógenes José Firmiano, IAsis

In a world where health has become a fundamental part, technologies such as blockchain and artificial intelligence have become fundamental in our lives. Brazil implemented in the midst of a pandemic the National Health Data Network implemented using Hyperledger Fabric and today has more than 1 billion records. This project is the foundation for providing health data interoperability and enabling the implementation of a personal health record aligned with the GDPR and creating a health avatar. This structure of healthtech 5.0 allows the application of artificial intelligence to make medical decisions along the lines of a support system for clinical decisions.

To learn more about Hyperledger, the open source community focused on developing a suite of stable frameworks, tools and libraries for enterprise-grade blockchain deployments. Which serves as a neutral home for various distributed ledger frameworks including Hyperledger Fabric, Sawtooth, Indy, as well as tools like Hyperledger Caliper and libraries like Hyperledger Ursa click here: https://www.hyperledger.org/

Session Details & Slides (if available)- https://sched.co/j3ax
Access All Sessions: https://events.linuxfoundation.org/hyperledger-global-forum/program/schedule/

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Hyperledger – Open Source Blockchain Technologies

Hyperledger is an open source community focused on developing a suite of stable frameworks, tools and libraries for enterprise-grade blockchain deployments.
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uh Hello, everyone yeah, sorry, I am not able to figure out who whether people have joined or not but yeah. So I think let's get started. Apologies I! uh So let me share my screen.

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All right, so I hope you all are able to see my screen now.

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Okay, so yeah I'm hitting butch, I'm a chief architect with wipro. I lead the blockchain center of excellence and I've been working as in this space capacity for last four and a half years now. So today we are going to talk about ocean's, plastic and collection and recycling solution right. So, let's dive right into it.

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So the problem is that you know there is a huge amount of plastic that is, you know, goes into our oceans, right and, and uh the numbers, as you can see, are so huge and- and there are certain uh you know, the ecosystem that is required to you know, collect the plastic and recycle. It is not there. You know, as per the as for the need right for you know so, uh communities individuals they would want to participate in it.

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But again you know beyond the social cause, what what else is there for them for to them for them to go into the ocean or or the beach and collect the plastic right? The corporations, you know also, they also want to abide by the law of the land and not get entangled into any jurisdictional issues right, like child labor, etc. uh When so so they are also not fully onboarded.

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So so the need is to first, you know, establish an ecosystem and- and uh you know which is inclusive, and it also incentivizes the uh various players right. Various actors in in who will participate in this recycling process right and and to further. You know highlight this problem. You know as to why plastics uh pollution is is a big issue. You know uh so, as per unesco.

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If nothing is done, then you know our marine life is uh going to be extinct right, so uh so that is that should tell you the gravity of the problem, and you know, uh as you can see, there are gyres all across the world right which are so huge and, and so there has to be a solution. You know which is community driven as well as supported by the local uh authorities and governments right, so that this sustainability initiative can be supported right. So so now I'm going to talk about.

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You know how this entire thing will uh work right, so uh so so what we're going to do is you know, establish a flow right where the collection of the plastics right from the ocean, as well as the beaches or nearby areas is, is done.

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You know by individuals, families, ngos and, and uh they are able to aggregate it they're able to collect it and deposit it somewhere right to the aggregators, and these aggregators could be mobile units right and then uh the aggregators themselves are responsible for collecting plastic or, or you know, accepting plastic deposits from various sources.

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You know, uh remove any debris or sand, etc and and then uh supplied to the uh recyclers right so uh and the recyclers would then segregate the plastic based on its quality based on its type and then recycle it and then further in the downstream supple. You know provided to uh you, know, companies who would want to use the recyclable.

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uh You know recycled plastic to create their own products right and then we we would have a auditor or a regulatory oversight to to basically see whether the the rules, you know or the law of the land is being followed. You know the credential of each of the parties verified right and, and there are no unfair means being used to collect the plastic right and- and there is uh you know, the incentivization and all is also happening in a fair manner right.

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So so that's the uh process flow right, which uh is simple enough to understand, and now I'm going to talk about the architect. uh You know the certain aspects that are embedded into this solution. You know and and a very important part of this solution is the the incentivization right, because what is in it for each party to to participate in in this community initiative right, so so the incentive and token calculation logic basically is embedded into smart contracts right which take into consideration.

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You know what is the total collection? You know plastics deposited, what is the quality of the plastic right and and based on that, there is also a credit score that is being or a reputation of each actor. That is maintained right. So so all those factors are taken into consideration and whenever a plastic deposit is made or when that plastic is moved across the value chain right so so as and when each and every actor completes their, uh you know their task and the plastic is accepted by the by the next participant.

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That's when we, you know, update the tokens. We update their credit score, also right as we'll see in the demo now uh coming to the architecture of it. So here we have leveraged a hybrid model where we are using the hyperledger fabric as the private consortium chain right. It's a private blockchain network which is integrating with the hedera network, which is a public blockchain platform right.

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So uh what happens is that the private uh network blockchain network is comprising of the different peers right, hyperledger fabric peers, that represent the different parties right now, uh since uh this is a you know, solution integrated with the public blockchain, so it's not really required that each and every in you know role is represented as a node. There could be a shared node concept, also, but a minimum viable.

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You know uh network has to be running for all the participants to be able to interact through their distributed apps right so as and when each of the you know play participants like the collector or the aggregator or the recycler, you know submit the transactions you know, which would be about plastic deposit or accepting that plastic. That transaction goes into the hyperledger fabric network and the order node, you know, leverages the header consensus service for fair ordering and arriving at a consensus right.

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So here you can say that the order node has outsourced the consensus process to a public blockchain right so which adds to the overall credibility of the solution right, and so, if you look under the hood right as to how this whole thing works, is that the client application which is being used by the collector or the aggregator or the recycler will submit a transaction to their respective peers right and then there is an you know in hyperledger fabric, there is an endorsement process for that transaction proposal.

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Right and, and once the endorsements are obtained, the transaction is reaches the fabric order right so now the fabric order. Basically, will submit the transaction to the mainnet node of hedera right and wipro is one of the governing council members and we also host a validator node. So the the each of the validator nodes and header network are, you know, hosted by in a well well known organization. So so the ordering service of of fabric will submit the transaction to the main net.

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Node right and header is a con concept of a mirror node, because the main net node does not retain the entire transaction. It only retains the hash of the transaction, so the once the transaction is finalized after consensus is achieved on the main net. The copy of the transaction is, you know, relate to the mirror node right, so the mirror node is a read-only node uh to which any application can subscribe to on a particular topic right.

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So for this particular application, the topic id is created on on on the mirror, node and the fabric order is then able to listen to that topic id to get a confirmation that you know a particular transaction has been finalized on the header network right and it relies on that. Confirmation to uh you know, come create a block.

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You know within the fabric network and propagate it to all the peers right, so so under the hood. This is how that this hybrid arrangement works where the transaction initially is received by the private network, and then it leverages the ordering and consensus mechanism of the public network right. So what it effectively does is for each transaction. There is a proof on the public network that the transaction has occurred.

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It is a valid transaction and it is a very verifiable proof right so now uh in terms of why hybrid blockchain right, this could have been built on any uh permission, blockchain or directly on a public blockchain as well right. So there are certain advantages. You know which both public and private bring into uh blockchains bring it on to the table. Right. One is uh the decentralized ordering mechanism right that provides more credibility and transparent transparency to the solution right in terms of privacy and smart contracts. You know, hyperliteral fabric provides that capability.

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For you know not only private transactions, but also the the chain code capability helps us in you know embedding the tokenization and reward points logic right, so that can be customized and be you know, incorporated for each participant the proof of plastics collection right because, for example, if somebody wants to claim a tax rebate or they want to, you know, uh you know gain any other.

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You know benefits from from the government, so this is something where the proof will always be available on the public blockchain right for for them to present and in the future. You know if, let's say there are many uh such plastic recycling chains that are operating right, whether they are on blockchain or not, but they can all integrate with header network and and have their own topic ids to which they can interact with or listen to you know, and and does you know uh this entire ecosystem can be?

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You know integrated right through a common public blockchain network right, so that is what I wanted to cover in terms of the use case and architecture, I'm now going to switch to the demo part I'll just check whether okay great so I I'll just switch to the demo. Now all right, uh just give me a second right.

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So now, as you can see here, you know bob is a collector of plastic. You know who collects the uh makes the plastic from from the uh the beaches uh right and and, as you can see on the dashboard they have certain tokens already earned. Bob is already on certain token, and there is a credit score based on how much plastic they've deposited till date- and you know what is the, uh how good that plastic was right. So there is a as I've shown earlier.

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There is some calculation mechanism which we have embedded in smart contracts right now. Bob uh you know wants to create a deposit plastic deposit transaction right, so they what they will do is what you'll do is basically classify the material of the plastic right. Also, uh you know what you'll do is uh specify. What is the weight and where, from which location, the plastic was uh collected? And finally, you know submitted to a particular aggregator right, so here in this system we have cd plastics as one of the aggregator.

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So as you can see, the the plastic deposit transaction has been submitted right and this is something which gets recorded on the hyperledger fabric blockchain, but that gets done after the consensus is achieved on the hedera network right. So, as you can see here, there is a unique deposit id for the transaction right. Then there is a uh you know who was it deposited to what was the weight?

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And then there is a transaction hash right from the fabric network, which represents the fact that uh this is, you know, uh recorded on block on the private network right and that the private network is. Consensus is based on the public one. So here the transaction id is there and we have kind of decoded the message to show that that this is the actual deposit transaction. That bob did right so and with the block number, and this is something which we can also view on the hyperledger explorer right.

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So this screen here, as you can see there are you know the latest block right, which is the block number 40, is something which represents that plastic deposit transaction submitted by bob right and for this transaction there is a corresponding transaction on hedera network. So this dragonglass is an explorer uh which listens to a particular topic on the mirror.

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Node right so that mirror node will have you know a series of transactions right which are resulting from the fact that uh you know hyperledger fabric ordering service had submitted the transaction on the main main net header main net right, so so that that proof is also something which is uh automatically available on on the mirror node all right. So this is a submit message with the you know, consensus time, etc right. So once this is done, the next step in the process is that you know the aggregator.

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Will you know, get a notification right that certain plastics have been so they also have a token balance, and you know the plastics collected they receive a no notification saying that you know bob has submitted this much amount of plastic right, which is of type pvc etc, and there is a you know: they also get to verify that. Okay, this is a valid transaction on blockchain right and what they can do is they can accept this particular uh you know deposit right, so they can rate it.

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Whether it is you know what quality it is, whether it is high, low, uh etc right and based on that the tokens also get calculated right uh and the reward points for that for bob. So once that is done again, this is uh submitted onto blockchain and and and then, as you can see, that you know the the total transactions uh you know for you know for for cd plastics are available here now.

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The next step, for you know, uh cd plastics aggregator, is to you know further ship, it ship this plastic, you know after they have cleaned it up, etc, to uh an aggregator right. So here we have one aggregator in the system which is geoplastics right and, as you can see, uh you know see the all the details are available.

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You know for that particular transaction on on the hyperledger explorer and what uh cd plastics the aggregator can do is submit this to geopolymers right. So geopolymers is a recycler who will receive this entire plastic right. So as soon as uh you know, cd plastics submits this to geopolymers. Again, you know the transaction is committed on onto blockchain, right and- and you can see this- this is something which is now pending with jio polymers right so and there is a unique transaction id and block representing that particular transaction.

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Okay. So now the last step of the process is that the you know: jio polymers basically would access their dashboard right and, and they would see that uh you know there are certain transactions that are pending for them. So some there is a transaction from cd plastics right which has 650 kg of plastic in it right, and that is something which they will verify and and certify that okay, this is of of uh you, know. Good quality and they've accepted it for recycling right so as soon as they accept it for recycling.

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What happens is that the tokens for uh you know cd plastics, get allocated right and similarly, since uh the recycler has also accepted this, uh you know plastic for recycling. They also get incentivized right, so so so the on the dashboard you know their.

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You know, tokens get updated uh so and, as you can see, there's one more transaction added to their uh to the dashboard right now. The final view is going to be, for uh uh you know, so, as you can see, there is a block number unique block, number and transaction hash.

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So once this is done, uh you know now the regulator can have a view of the entire chain right of of the entire sequence of events. So here, as you can see, there are many such transactions that that have occurred and uh for the for the transactions that we just saw right. So here, as you can see, bob you know, submitted 650 kg of plastic and earned 975 tokens. Similarly, you know uh cd plastics also. You know on certain tokens right so likewise, there are many combinations right which can happen.

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Where here you know, alice is submitting certain plastic. There could be multiple uh collectors right, as you can see in this example who are submitting. You know their own set of plastic. All of that is aggregated, summed up and and then it is uh something which is handled by an aggregator right uh and then they all get incentivized right. So that's how uh the entire solution works.

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One more feature that we are will be adding in you know future is uh to be able to uh you know, to to add verifiable credentials right and decentralize identity to this entire solution, so that the identity of the picker right or the reputation is something which is represented through uh you know their credentials right, which is provided by a valid authority. So so the question of whether they have used the lawful means or whether they've employed child labor or not. So all those aspects will also get covered right.

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So we have a you know: hyperledger nd, based uh solution which, which can be integrated with with this current solution. So that's what I wanted to cover right now and if there are any questions I will be happy to take.

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Right, okay, could you go okay, so marcus has a question that could you go a bit deeper into the reward system? Are the tokens on hlf? Yes, the tokens are currently, you know on hlf and the way they are calculated is uh that you know I I'll just show my I'll again share my screen.

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Right so basically, there are four factors that we consider right, uh based on the the weight uh of of the of the plastic and the quality, etc. We calculate the token and that these tokens come from a pool which would be you know, initialized by by the sponsor of the network right. So obviously, since this is a sustainability initiative, so we would need a sponsor for for the network. Who would you know, have a pool of tokens from where you know these tokens?

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You know whatever they earn is allocated to them and later on they can. You know you know encash it or or get some benefits. You know our services out of those tokens right, so so that's how they would be able to leverage, but we are using a chain code to to you know, basically incorporate this calculation and this. uh This is something which will be available as part of the wallet of of each of the participants right and- and I had one more slide, which I didn't keep so so, basically for each role.

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You know we have certain payout formula right so, for example, for the picker or the collector, they will you know um so the different factors that you saw right. Those are a b and c right, like the weight of the plastic, the quality of the plastic etc.

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So all of that you know get is used for the calculation right and that also impacts their credit score right, because, ultimately you know, if somebody's you know depositing good quality of plastic right and regularly deposit ticket, then their credit score also increases right, uh so so that you know adds up to their whole reputation right. So if some picker or collector walks into an aggregator. So by looking at their credit score, you know the aggregator would be more sure of you know the quality or or the kind of plastic they are receiving right.

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So they are kind of interrelated. So uh but yeah so token is tokens are something which are calculated and maintained on fabric and uh yeah. The payout, you know how it would be honored is something which would be an extension to of this solution.

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Sure um yeah, you know I I I hope I've answered the hybrid blockchain, because that is something which you know. I get asked often saying that why uh do we need a hybrid solution right for this uh hybrid blockchain solution?

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So uh the fact of the matter is that initially, when we developed this solution right, it was our you know and hackathon entry to hedera right where there was a hackathon, for you know, leveraging header consensus service right, so we initially built it for header uh to leverage header, blockchain, right and and then uh you know, then we thought that you know there are certain. You know aspects of privacy right and uh you know token calculation logic which otherwise we would have to you know handle at the application layer right.

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So how can we uh make that also be part of blockchain? And that's where we thought of using hyperledger fabric right, which which has the capability to you, know onboard uh you know or verify identities through their membership services provided right, so so organizations would, uh you know, would be more comfortable with those security features. Secondly, the privacy is also something which can be preserved and you know chain code. You can pretty much write any kind of logic.

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You know uh to have this sort of uh you know token or incentive calculation right and and with at the same time, uh you know have the proof of the transaction on on the public blockchain so which, which you know, is globally available and can be verified by anybody.

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Okay, so if there are no more questions, I I guess we can conclude, I think I will. We have reached the end of time uh or maybe we've completed before time. So all right. uh Thank you all. I I can't for some reason I can't see who all are attending so uh so thank you all for your time and patience.