Hyperledger Foundation Hyperledger Global Forum 2022, 6 Oct 2022

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From YouTube: Trusted Cross-Chain System Help Different Governmental Data Transfer With High Efficie... Ziyi Zhang

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Trusted Cross-Chain System Help Different Governmental Data Transfer With High Efficiency - Ziyi Zhang, Huawei Cloud

In this presentation Ziyi Zhang will introduce why the government offices need to use the cross-chain system. And what is the architecture for the system. How cross-chain system is working ? Why this kind of process can keep the atomicity, consistency ,isolation and durability of a cross-chain transaction. How different government offices build their cross-chain transactions. Ziyi Zhang will also introduce what they have done to connect Cactus to use their system as a bridge to build trusted connection with Chinese blockchain system.

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A

uh Hello, everybody yeah it's my great honor to be here to speak in the highlighter global forum. uh My name is John I come from Huawei Cloud I came from China yeah, so it's it's glad to be here to to share with you guys about the trusted. Crosstrain system help different uh governmental data transport with high efficiency.

A

So why I come why this topic come up because there is real scenarios in China that will help the government offices to solve the issues that they have. The you know the blockchain data silos. So we use a trusted Crossing system to help them build the transfer from different different blockchain systems and helps them to reduce the cost to build their system.

A

So here is the agenda. So I split my my this session into three sections. The first one is background and the current status, so I will start to introduce why? Why the you know the the it goes to this this status, why they will need such system to break the data Silo for the different blockchain systems, so how how to stimulate them to use different kinds of blockchain systems in their systems to build their applications?

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The second section is what we do. What is our solution to help them? What what are the tools we use the architecture we use and how we use a cross-chain system to help them to solve this kind of issue.

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So the third third section is we worked with a character's team, so we do some contribution to the characters team. So we build the connection from moving into our operability system to connect to another interoperate system. So in that situation we help to improve the connectivity, thus helps the customer to build a wild Connection in the cross chain system.

A

So from from the China, we see that in recent days or recent years we see the website.o is very popular. So we see many news at a different government has started to investigate the webster.org. They investigate two different technology, so here I just use making this words I quoted his word. Blockchain technology is considered to be the core technology of the next generation of disruptive Technologies after steam engine power and the internet. So we all know the after steam Island. It frees uh people's productivity after the electricity it saw people's.

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Basically we need so after the Internet it's changing. The way information is delivered so VC is the trend is so obvious, so we see after the blockchain it is a construction machine of trust to change the V value transfers in the whole Human Society.

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So as we see, the trans is necessary happened since so different countries have published policies to support the government blockchain systems to uh to happen so in the US in Europe, in Japan, in India in South Korea southeast Asia. So they all Inc encourage the blockchain system to develop. They have published the many policies for them also in China. It is said to be the nation's strategy. So now it's avoiding the virtual reality.

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It's focused on developing the blockchain system, so here we see the policies in China published so China, actively promulgating policies to instant incentivize, the blockchain industrial application. So in different Province, like in Beijing shandongsu.

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Etc, so uh in China, different government offices have published policies to support blockchain to develop, so different offices has start many applications in different offices, and here is the current status for the government. Affair application in China. So here I just got a government blockchain project, a bidding sensor report in 2021, so it increased to 72 projects in production in 2020.

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So as a trend and the uh you know, the policies from the government push so the the you know the applications just blooming and we have the CIA CIA CT report that in 2020 all all around the world, uh the government application percentage is 32. So it's uh really a big value. So so different government offices try to explore the usage in the nowadays life so such as data sharing digital identity and optimizing that their government Affair Services improving their government efficiencies.

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So here we see the two tables it's uh in for the intern. uh The application of blockchain in government Affairs attracts International attention. So in different years in different countries they have down different, so government related applications.

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So we say that, and here so in China, it's uh it makes the application blooming and the application is supervision faces new challenges, so we see different offices, they made their own different government. You know Affair applications based on the blockchain, but as a policy as a policy admitted and the internal you know these years. It also has more than 50 blockchain systems uh uh started. So we see a lot of blockchain systems and different offices choose different blockchain systems to do their applications.

A

So you see they have more and more blockchain applications more and more blockchain data and the more and more smart contracts, but it forced new data silos when they use different blockchain, because there are blockchain systems cannot connect to each other. There are blockchain systems, has different agriculture, have different architecture, have different data structure, so uh it's it's so bloomy and uh it causes a several data silos, so it cannot be developed in the future trends that has several companies.

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uh The and the blockchain system is not maintained, so the applications, the data of the application cannot be read and the the data will cause several issues for the government office. So to help solving this kind of problem, so we we, we just say several keyboard, Nets and print points for this kind of situation in four aspects, so the from the technical aspects. So we see there is no standards and the specifications it's not unified and the interest infrastructure is not perfect.

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So it is said it's lack of lack of the high level design for the whole system and it lacks the standard for the data and the API and due to different blockchain system has different. You know the stability, the security and they have different data structure, have different security mechanism, so they cannot cannot talk to each other. They cannot share their data, so we cannot transfer the data, so the data from the different offices cannot cannot connect to each other. They are not floating so uh in another aspect from the cost.

A

So it's difficult to share information because they are not using the same. You know the hardware resources and the same the same some of the very resources they just build, their blockchain application use their own hardware and software resources. So so they cannot be repeated reused. So it's repeated construction. It caused a lot of risk on the infrastructure.

A

So in a security level we know the logic of the government. Affair of applications is very complex and if the government Affair application, use a separate application blockchain system, maybe it has a lower security level. So, even if they build the connection from different blockchain systems and this production system have a lower security level, it will.

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This will be the security issues for the whole system. It will cause the information leak for the whole system, so from The Economist there is a shortage of blockchain professionals and the cost of operation and Method maintenance management is very high.

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So to face with this keyboard next and the pinpoints. So we really think we need to reduce the technical difficulties and to help them quickly and efficiently construct of the blockchain system and reduce technical difficulties and the cost of interconnection to help them build a connection with the whole system so to reduce the cost and to make the blockchain resources reusable and easy to expand.

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So it finally comes to the solution that it has a basic blockchain platform plus unified management and operation system, with a call ecological support service to support the up level blockchain application.

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Last we will say so how how our solution is to using the tools and the infrastructure of the tools and how we use the cross chain system to combine together to build the solution.

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So this is what we propose to like: uh unified blockchain management infrastructure. This is a simple structure here. It's based on the cloud infrastructure, so it has supported the bus level. The bus is called blockchain as a service. It's used to manage different blockchain systems to to fastly, to run, to build a blockchain system and to manage it so upon upon the bus level. It has a unified, blockchain management infrastructure. It supports the blockchain application and services, so the customer could call the unified blockchain management infrastructure.

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It has a set server, unified standards for different genes or different letters, different bus platforms to register, so it has a Unified, Government, Affairs, standard resource allocation and governance standards, unified identity and authentication, standard and operation supervision, standards and ecological collaboration standard. So using the unified blockchain management infrastructure, it helps to reuse the resources it can monitor all the hardware and the software together. The people will know how to build the system, the user system as a builder, you know for the government, they they actually need a builder for that they control all the resources.

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The bad resources helps them to build the chain, but actually, when you are using blockchain, you have your separate key. It's also decentralized. So for the building process. We need such such tool or such infrastructure to help them to build the whole solution.

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So, after building the solution, they would monitor all the node status, even if they have already built their blockchain applications, they could register the blockchain application to the system. It also can can monitor this so ah after so how to support such infrastructure. We need a bus level, so so Huawei Cloud's bus level is looks like this. Is our capability Panorama? So it has the infrastructure with the Huawei Cloud hyper cloud and Edge Cloud. So we use two blockchain islands.

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One is fabric, one is what we call larger, so here I melee, to focus on the basic capabilities. If you need to support the app level management you need to in the bus level to support the Alliance Management, node management, user management, operation, monitoring, alarm log and several contract management, because in the total management portal you need to call the bus level to management for the blockchain alien and with with better support for the applications in the government to use it, we need to do something in-house the capabilities like The Trusted sharing.

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So we just see in the background that there are several scenarios happened in the whole world like trusted, sharing and multi-part compute computation. So we also supported the Computing sandbox. So in the in different countries, that page we have seen several did scenarios, so we also supported the distributed identities. It follows a w3c standard, so in order to help to do the cross Chain Services, so we have the enhanced ability of cross-chain services. So this is the architecture for the blockchain management platform.

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So in the architecture we could see the underlying blockchain it has a bottom layer, blockchain platform and the other and the line blockchain platform. It's supposed to do the blockchain management and operation and maintenance management uh in the bottom layer blockchain platform. It has a blockchain underlying technique, Technologies to support to use different blockchain abilities so in the bottom layer, blockchain management interface.

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This is a key point. So when we do the management platform, you need to make several standards so how to how to let others know your standard. You just publish several interfaces, so they register their platform. They use a platform. They need to follow your your interest standards so this here it has a unified security, unified operation, unified resources, unified question unify the supervision, so the register their platform follows these standards, so the whole platform could work in the in all the standards.

A

So the security in the system to build the whole team Network could follow the same security level. It will not have a shortage, so the hack or something will not to to attack the shortage. So the upper level. It could uh do some management about the Alliance, Management, node management and for the yellow part, it's pluggable so because in different government customers they need to use their own identity system. They need to use their own process management system, so it's pluggable.

A

They could just use their own system and for for better usage, we have also support the several blockchain common components like a digital identity, VC, verifiable credentials trusted exchanges. So we also have the smart contract Warehouse. It has supplied the several contracts templates. They could directly use the contract template to deploy their contract and to develop their government application so for the blockchain application repository they have the government collaboration and the directory management and the digital archiving application as a sample applications.

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You could just modify the application and directly used to build their application and the solution very fast. So this is a basic business process to how how to use this uh just the management portal. So it's I just use a three simple one to just let you understand how it works, so the first process is creating a tenants and user. So the tenant submit a request to the portal that he would create a tenant user, so the management will get the request and he will approving the tenant creation.

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So you would wonder why there is a management. So here the management is like the door. You know the decentralized anonymous organization, it could be a door because it is a builder. You know it will help the government to building all the infrastructures for the blockchain system, so the Builder would pay the money to pay the resources. It's just like a cloud. You know. If you use a cloud, you need to use cloud to buy the resources by the virtual machine by the docker container.

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So it looks like this, so it's like a door all the all the you know, all the uh admin who pays the money for the construction, so in the back back uh technical aspect. So there is a resource delivered and the service deployment, so the end user will see. Oh the user has created and their permission is a stand that he could do creating and joining a chain.

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The management would do the approve or and prepare the resources. So in the background it's a resource allocation and the chain member update. So the last step is smart contact usage, so the the talent will develop and send me to the smart contract, so the manager would approve an archive and distribute to the contract.

A

So in the background it's running in the context so to the user is installing the smart contract. So that is a simple process. So here is the complex process of the smart contract usage. So we have the contract template Warehouse. So in the first step the channel is Alice. Leader is responsible for the contract, so he would accurate the contracts templates and develops a contract based on the time template. Then he will submit the contract to all the aliens participants for collecting the review. Just collecting the votes.

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Approve they install such template, a such contract, smart contract- if they all agreed, so uh he got all the all the agreement, so he would just follow the process that sent to the administrator administrator is not a. It depends. It's not only about administrator, maybe it's many of the Ministries such as like at all. You know, so the administrator group who may vote or just approve the smart contract and submit and record this information. Then it will, if it agrees so it will trigger the different.

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You know different nodes to install the smart contract to help them build the whole solution. So this helps solve the issue. We just recognize in the print points for the reduced difficulties for the solution, but if, if they have built such uh such uh change and many chains exist, so how we could break the data style and use the translate Crossing system helps the data transfer from different blockchains. So, let's see uh so here is this page is here is to say using the system. It's like building the chain Network.

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So we have the requirements that using this system, uh the we you are curious, so how the system would build for the government, because if you use a system for the city or for a progress and many Enterprises would like to join other team Network, so he could build such a primary team for some offices and side chains for several offices with several and prices it forms like uh you know the team Network so maybe use a system.

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It could include the hundreds of nodes in the string Network to form a big T Network and with the you know, I just draw all supply chain. There is like when you have an existing chain and it would like to talk to the team Network so how we could talk to the T Network.

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We will see in the following page, so uh here I will say that uh the advantages of using the whole deployment management system, it will full start cloud service so and it can dynamically skills in and out is the Intensive construction, low cost and high efficiency. Because the construction can know how many resources is used. They can know the workflow they can know. What's the chain. Network looks like yes, because you build this chain network.

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If you don't know what what it looks like is is something something wrong would happen, so your system will be broken. It will influence some business.

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So actually it's really decentralized information, because each participant manages and controls their own blockchain nodes and the cloud resources so only as a Constructor could help them to build, but they have their own private key and public key. They could control their own node so to support such kind of chain Network. So the traditional Network management doesn't cannot work on this situation, so we have done some hierarchical Network management to support outer large-scale know the networks, So In, traditional networks.

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We use gossip to synchronize data, but gossip has many redundant messages, so the network performance details rapidly with the increase of the node number. So we see the curve. It goes down very fast, so we just figure out. So we use the hierarchical management to manage the Federation chain Network.

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So the data synchronized from the core to the edge and reducing the Redundant messages and reducing the impact of the performance.

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So in large-scale network we also use such kind of consensus algorithm for them like in traditional pbft algorithm.

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There are several processes like pre, uh yeah, pre-repair, repair priests, submit Etc, so each step each node will send messages to each other. So the message complexity is very big, it's O and square, so we use a rafter a roughed consensus, but we we consider the security, so we combine with the T. It's translated execution environment. So we leverage the T to execute the consensus core logic convert to the bft issue into CFT issue. So, in the meantime of age, retain the bft, concerns Social Security and improves the efficiency.

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We see the graph that the messages go to different nodes, only events, so it's greatly reduce a massive complexity into the on, so it's more suitable for the large-scale network. So the large skill network is from here. So we build such hundreds of knowledge skill network. But how do we make the connection from like from a side chain side chain a to go to cosine b or really go to the supply chain? So here we we need to use our own cross chain method.

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So it's a concert, Consulting question method, so we use a relay relay method for building the console building the cross-section method. So we see the we see the several Pages before that the T Network. There is a primary thing. You remember, so we build the we built the cross cross chain solution and a cross chain middleware on different, a node. So it forms that each circle in the chain Network could be a relay. They could transfer data with transfer, so so I just introduce a process.

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So if people want to separately use a cross chain solution, they need to register their chain to The Trusted relay and they really know the change and continue to authorize what data is 10 a could could access like. We have several authorizations like the several contracts. You could read the contracts or you could write the contracts or you could read the letter. It's in different authorization, authorization level, because if you read the letter you could read the local contracts, you read more data, so the we make the is very specific.

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So the process is that if you send a question transaction, it will generate proof that to prove that it's from your chain and the proof will they will put the hash code of the proof and have code of the Cross stream transaction to the relay and send the message directly to another cross chain component. Another question component that gets this information and verify from the relay. They know.

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Okay, is from you and the message from you and he will get the message and and he will write the cross chain information to the to the blockchain B, and this is our first phase. So we use the two phase, two-fifth commitment and he will catch the response and the response proof back to the server meter. So the sample meter will also verify the proof and the result to written in the blockchain B.

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If it's all success, the the you know, the lock will will be released and the data will really return to the blockchain to keep the atomicity and effect finality. So in this process it's only for the both right solution. If you use a read, the solution is more easier and not so complex.

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So in order to optimize such a process, because this process is two-phase and you need to lock the lock the data to help protect the atomicity, so we have made some Improvement for this, so the question relay would transfer the 10 proof keeping the trans transaction trustworthy, so the traditional Consulting platform have different uh how different underlying Technologies and make some data silos as we as I mentioned before that the government used different blockchain system to make their different applications.

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So uh if, if we use a such cross chain interaction system, if you don't generate the proof, it will cause a data tampering, man in the middle attack and the data loss and the insufficient in the private privacy protection. So if we use a proof, generator So within the blockchain, a you just submit to pre-commit uh proof and the acceptor and yeah pre-commit to the proof, uh so at last the if they are verified and the submitter commit to the proof and the acceptor committed to the proof.

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So when we finish the two phase process, it will finally write the data to both teams and in the process each step will cause a rollback for the whole process. We use a thing called level account login and complete rule pack mechanism to ensure the atomicity.

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So here we see that from relay we have some the cross chain component to make make the data transfer. So if you, if you use a single point component, if it will cause a single point, failure and it will cause single point of failure- the process will not continue and the atomicity need to be insured and the a for the accounts is locked and can't be unlocked in this scenario, if the component is broken, so we make the horizontal expansions for the for expanding many cross chain. Components to support the cross stream components is down.

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The other component will take over your process, take over your take over your transactions and to go on the process so how to achieve the 10 of 100 000 more than transaction per second, with a high concurrency. So we use if we use a linear, Network Mode, then cross-chain traffic is heavy, so it will become the bottom Network bottom bottleneck and the cost service congestion. So if we use support to the horizontal capacity expansion, not working, we could expand for the for the release service for to build a different. You know the cross chain channels.

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It will make it supported, High throughput transactions in different in different channels, and it would not influence each other.

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So as we as our interviews default so I, we use A, fine grain information control for the cross chain. Contract access, so the overall authorization solution would expose the contracts other than the smart contract on the blockchain, bringing risks of privacy, disclosure and unauthorized tampering. So we use the fine green authorization for the you know, for specific contracts, read and write, or for the letter read, so it will making the cross chain more comfortable and secure, so they integrated the ID to the Cross chain system.

A

So, in this system we will help to build uh influence. We will help to build a unified identity system because in different blockchain system they have their own ID system identity system. So if you build the authorization for several uh identity, if you have more identities or you have the option identity, it cannot be recognized and it may cause several. You know the identity forgery, so we use the ID to just map a ID group for for such kind of authorization. So this group can only read several contracts.

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This group can only read, write the contract, so different ID systems could map to this ID. They use this ID. They could just improving the efficiency and reduce the risk of identity furthering.

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So here we have did some. You know, use some zero knowledge tactics to help prevent the information anonymization yeah, to strengthen the Privacy protection, because here's a scenario that if you use a if you are the user in blockchain yeah, you want to to ask some proof in the blockchain B. So they will ask you to show your identity uh through the through the process. Your identity will be exposed, your privacy will be leaked. So uh it's if we support several yeah. We just suppose several contracts include uh integrated with ZK knowledge proof.

A

So you just show the proof that you get several you get. Several value is verified. What is a verification? It's it's a equation that you satisfy the equation, so you show that to another thing and another thing: to take the equation: verification proof to the to the relay to test and verify it will help to satisfy the situation to protect the user privacy in the cross chain situation scenario so also to satisfy in Chinese. You know, Chinese standards for the for the crossing system to build a such kind of tin Network.

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We need to satisfy the National Standard and the international standard. So we need to build such solution for different systems. We need to support a different kind of develop deployment, so this is our solution to build the chain Network and make the different node inch Network to talk to each other, use the techniques and use a cartoon crafting systems. So the question system is integrated to the chain management system.

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The user could just call the interface to build the connection if they could register their team to the system and the cross chain system would help them to build the connection and they just send the cross chain transactions. It will work, so it will solve the problem of reduced technical difficulties for the interconnection.

A

So the last part is we did some contribution to the characters to improve the connectivity, so we contribute to the plugins. So we have our TCS instructed account. Yeah trusted cross-chain service. It we just made some plugins for connecting to characters is also a hyperledger project. It is for the cross Chain Services.

A

So this is a first cross chain service into our ability into our operability system to connect to another interval of operability system. They could expand different connections because if you use the interoperability system to connect to a team, you need to develop such SDK or develop such interfaces to fix different genes. So if we connect together so they could use what we developed and we could use what the characters already have in the in the ladder. So it's a postman solution, so it's a flow for characters to connect to the TCS.

A

So the characters is a component of used to connect to the agent characters is a component to TCS to connect to the uh to the to the characters and it implements the interface of eye plugin Ledger to fall for them to connect so also if textures is written in tab script, so our TCS is written in Gold. So we need to use that open API to generate the go interface to generate the interface type security interface and the validator TCS can register the verifier and like act like a normal validator.

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So the texture speech is logical, can send the transaction and monitor The Ledger of the TCS is actually not monitored letter of TSS. It monitor the the chain connect to the TCS, so this is a stream from the TCS to characters.

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So the process is that the agent characters will can connect directly to the verifier and call the transaction to get the proof, and you know the verifier can access the blockchain through the validator to get the info. So we we both need to uh you know to to accomplish the interface for the for the TCS.

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So that is what we have done and that's all for further sharing is what we have done to use to what we recognize the you know the print points and how we did our solution to to solve the issues and uh yeah it will expand the connection we just worked with the tsas. So that's all for today. Thank you so much for coming.

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