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From YouTube: Building de-centralized Blockchain Applications with Amazon Managed Blockchain - Charles Okochu, AWS
Description
Building de-centralized Blockchain Applications with Amazon Managed Blockchain - Charles Okochu, Amazon Web Services
Building enterprise blockchain applications on your own infrastructure is often expensive, complicated, and time-consuming. Amazon Managed Blockchain makes it easy to build scalable blockchain applications by eliminating the need to set up and manage infrastructure, allowing you to focus on writing applications for your business. In this session, we’ll cover the capabilities and use cases of Amazon Managed Blockchain for both Hyperledger Fabric and Ethereum, and discuss customer stories across areas including NFT, decentralized finance (DeFi), financial services, public sector, and more.
Sessions Details & Slides (if available): https://sched.co/1AYKz
Access All Sessions: https://events.linuxfoundation.org/hyperledger-global-forum/program/schedule/
----
Hyperledger – Open Source Blockchain Technologies
Hyperledger is an open source community focused on developing a suite of stable frameworks, tools and libraries for enterprise-grade blockchain deployments.
It serves as a neutral home for various distributed ledger frameworks including Hyperledger Besu, Fabric, Sawtooth, Indy, as well as tools like Hyperledger Avalon, Cactus and libraries like Hyperledger Aries, Ursa. Learn more about Hyperledger projects: https://www.hyperledger.org/use
Discord: https://discord.gg/rVCn4j7UFd
Case Studies: https://www.hyperledger.org/learn/case-studies
Training & Certification: https://www.hyperledger.org/learn/training
Tutorials: https://www.hyperledger.org/use/tutorials
Webinars: https://www.hyperledger.org/learn/webinars
Events: https://www.hyperledger.org/events
Vendor Directory: https://www.hyperledger.org/use/vendor-directory
Subscribe to the Hyperledger Newsletter: https://www.hyperledger.org/newsletter
Follow-us on Twitter @Hyperledger
Learn about Hyperledger Membership: https://www.hyperledger.org/about/join
#Hyperledger #Blockchain
License
Creative Commons Attribution license (reuse allowed)
A
A
All
right!
Well,
let's
get
started.
My
name
is
Charles
okochu
I'm,
the
worldwide
business
development
manager
for
our
Amazon
managed
blockchain
service
and
Quantum
Ledger
database,
so
I've
been
with
AWS
now
for
about
three
years
and
I've.
You
know
also
worked
previously
at
a
cryptocurrency
hedge
funds
and
also
in
fintech.
So
today,
I
want
to
talk
to
you
guys
about
building
Enterprise
applications
using
Amazon
managed
blockchain
service.
A
So
let
me
first
of
all
dive
into
how
we
at
AWS
think
of
blockchain
blockchain,
obviously,
is
a
technology
that
everybody
is
it's
been
very.
Very
popular
lots
of
companies
are
trying
to
find
out
the
specific
use
cases
on
how
to
use
blockchain
and
how
to
when
you
know,
when
is
a
good
use
case
for
blockchain
and
Tech.
Usually
we
have
like
two
different
types
of
what
we
call
Ledger
technologies
that
we
support.
A
The
first
is,
you
know
when
you
have
like
a
centralized
trust,
and
in
that
case
we've
discovered
that
there
are
law
customers
who
think
they
want
blockchain,
but
technically
what
they
want
is
a
system
of
record
a
centralized
system
record
with
an
immutable
Ledger
and
they
want,
but
they
don't
want
the
information
to
be
distributed
among
this
other
parties
that
they
want
to
have
to
look.
You
know
manage
that
data
by
themselves,
but
they
still
want
an
immutable
immutable
Ledger.
A
So
in
that
case
we
have
a
service
called
Amazon
Quantum
Ledger
database,
which
is
a
fully
managed
service.
That
makes
it
easy
to
create-
and
you
know
and
provide
a
centralized
Ledger
technology
for
managing
data,
and
this
slide
here
shows
how
qldb
Works
Tech.
Ideally,
what
happens
is
data
is
fed
in
and
it's
fed
into
a
journal,
which
is
a
immutable
journal
and
that
information
is
stored
in
a
sequence.
A
So
it
gives
you
the
ability
to
look
at
versions
of
of
history
in
the
of
the
application,
so
we
see
a
lot
of
use
cases
for
this
particular
type
of
database
from
customers
who,
like
the
Department
of
Motor
Vehicles
in
the
US,
the
dvla
here
in
in
the
UK
and
for
a
lot
of
customers.
This
is
a
good
enough
solution
for
a
immutable
Ledger
without
having
to
use
a
blockchain
solution.
So
then
we
also
have
the
decentralized
trust
Ledges,
with
decentralized
trust.
A
Currently,
we
support
Amazon
the
hyperledger
fabric
as
well
as
marriage
ethereum
nodes,
so
it's
very
easy
to
kind
of
build
on
our
AWS
platform.
It's
you
know
if
you're
trying
to
build
a
hyperledger
based
Network
rather
than
having
to
build
all
the
nodes-
and
you
know
yourself-
it's
easy
to
kind
of
broaden
the
application
focus
on
building
your
core
business
application
and
running
the
network
on
on
our
platform,
so
I'm
going
to
dive
in
briefly
into
blockchain
fundamentals,
yeah.
A
So,
first
of
all,
one
of
the
things
that
we've
seen
from
customers
is
they've
reached
out
to
us
and
said
they
want
a
way
to
independently
verify
transactions.
They
don't
necessarily
want
to
run
the
applications
on
their
own.
They
want
us
to
manage
the
build
of
the
data
set
of
the
of
the
blockchain
network,
and
currently
the
approaches
that
are
used
are
focused
on
building
the
nodes.
You
know
managing
it,
it's
very,
very
difficult
to
do
that
for
most
customers.
So
what
we've
come
up
with
is
a
way
to
build
a
infrastructure.
A
So
in
this
case
you
know
one
of
the
things
that
blockchain
offers
is
helps
you
build
trust
in
the
network
and
eliminates
the
need
for
a
central
Authority
and
for
most
blockchains.
You
know
there
are
three
main
components:
one
is
the
distributed:
Ledger
the
consensus
mechanism
and
smart
contract.
So
together
these
components
provide
immutable
and
trust
and
enables
multiple
transactions
without
a
centralized
Authority.
A
So
the
first
layer
is
the
smart.
You
know
is
the
distributed
Ledger,
which
I
talked
about,
and
then
you
have
the
consensus
mechanism
which
I'll
go
into
more
details
and
also
smart
contracts.
So
the
first
is
the
distributed
ledger.
So
ledgers
are
typically
used
to
record
a
history
of
economic
and
financial
activity
and
many
I
put
many
organizations.
A
That
is
using
a
consensus
mechanism
which
formed
the
backbone
of
the
blockchain,
and
it
helps
all
the
nodes
in
the
network
to
verify
the
transactions
and
that
they're
different.
You
know
types
of
consensus
protocols.
Obviously
you
know
Bitcoin,
which
is
the
grandfather,
low
block
chains,
there's
proof
of
proof
of
work
and
some
of
the
newer
blockchains,
just
proof
of
stake
for
or
proof
of
authority,
depending
on
what
you
which
blockchain
network
you're
using,
and
so
this
this
has
got
from
our
perspective.
A
You
know
we
feel
that
we
want
to
run
blockchainnetworks.org
energy
efficient
and
are
also
environmentally
stable
So.
Currently,
we
don't
support
Bitcoin,
but
that's
going
to
change
over
the
next.
You
know
in
the
next
few
months
we
support
ethereum
and
we
also
support
hyperledger,
Fabric
and
the
last,
but
not
least,
is
the
Smart
contract,
which
is
business
logic
that
resides
on
the
blockchain
and
and
smart
logic.
You
know,
smart
contracts
are
simply
applications
or
programs
that
are
written
in
code
that
can
be
executed.
A
You
know
in
a
decentralized
manner,
on
the
network,
so
So
currently,
as
I
said
before
the
challenges
that
customers
have
reached
out
to
us
that
it
faces.
You
know
the
fact
that
setting
up
a
blockchain
network
is
hard
when
you're
thinking
of
adding
new
members
or
you're
growing
or
growing
your
Ledger.
It
becomes
very
hard
to
scale
and
it
becomes
more
complicated
to
manage.
A
You
know
when
you're
managing
the
security,
the
governance,
billing
and
also
expensive
we've
seen
that
a
lot
of
customers
who
are
running
the
blockchains
tend
to
initially
start
running
it
on
bare
metal
or
hardware,
and
they
have
to
manage
all
of
the
components
associated
with
running
that
blockchain.
You
know,
trying
to
run
an
open
source.
Blockchain
network
is
not
isn't
it's
not
an
easy
task,
so
the
service
that
we
offer,
obviously,
is
our
Amazon
managed
blockchain,
which
is
a
fully
managed
service.
A
That
makes
it
easy
to
create
many
scalable
networks,
and
currently
we
offer,
like
I,
said
before
two
main
Frameworks.
One
of
them
is
the
hyperledger
fabric
and
also
at
the
manage
ethereum,
and
we
also
support
three
of
the
popular
test.
Nets,
which
is
ring
could
be
robstein
and
Gurley
on
on
up
on
our
platform.
A
So
the
core
here,
the
core
features,
so
this
slide
here
shows
how
easy
easy
it
is
to
get
started.
It's
the
one
I
want
to
stress
here
is
you
know
a
lot
of
you
know:
we've
seen
based
on
customer
feedback
that
one
of
the
beauty
you
know,
customers
running
ethereum,
for
instance,
they're
able
to
get
a
blockchain
network
running
if
you
tried
running,
say
an
ethereum
node.
A
It
takes
about
24
to
48
hours
to
get
a
fully
managed,
ethereum
node
up
and
running
we're
able
to
get
the
nodes
up
and
running
on
our
ethereum
nodes
within
an
hour
and
also
when
it
comes
to
creating
a
hyperledger
fabric.
Network
and
you
know
having
with
the
Consortium
setup
it
the
governance
features
of
of
the
current
open
source
implementations.
A
Are
you
know
it's
kind
of
onerous
to
kind
of
invite
members
to
join
so
we
offer
you
know,
governance
platform
that
allows
you
to
invite
members
or
you
know,
create
a
voting
mechanism
to
allow
people
to
join
in
and
leave
the
network
and
the
also
other
thing
is
we
use
for
our
ordering
service.
We
leverage
our
own
journal
database
instead
of
using
raft
or
Kafka,
which
is
someone.
A
Can
you
know
it's
easy
for
somebody
to
break
into
or
administrator
to
break
into
a
kafka-based
network
or
raft
Network
and
inject
messages,
so
we
use
qldb
technology
which
is
based
on
Journal.
It's
an
internal
Solution,
that's
used
within
AWS
to
control
or
manage
the
ordering
service
on
on
our
blockchain.
The
other
thing
obvious
other
feature
here
is
it's.
You
know
it's
low
cost.
A
You
only
pay
for
what
you
need
to
use
and
you
can
scale
up
and
scale
down
as
you
as
you
grow
as
you
decide
to,
and
it's
also
integrated
with
AWS
Services
I
think
I've
already
shared
this
slide
before
so
again.
I
want
to
talk
briefly
about
the
two
protocols
that
we
support,
obviously,
and
when
to
use
them.
A
If
you
are
running
on
a
hyperledger,
you
know
it's
ideally
ideal
for
permission
networks,
and
you
know
this
is
great
for
applications
that
need
privacy
and
access
controls.
They
use
HLF
and
where
you
have
a
need
to
have.
Transparency
of
data
across
members,
hyperledger
and
ethereum
might
be
a
better
use
case,
and
so
we
see
a
lot
of
use
cases
with
banks
and
financial
institutions
that
want
to
run
trade
and
clearing
and
settlement
settlement
applications
for
loyalty,
Point
Solutions.
A
We
see
a
lot
of
use
cases
which
I'm
going
to
share
over
as
we
go
along
and
so
the
other
question
we
get
a
lot
is
who
owns
the
network.
Even
though
we
run
the
applicant,
we
run
the
online
blockchain.
We
don't
control
the
data.
We
make
it
possible
for
customers
to
kind
of
run
their
applications
and
they're
able
to
invite
other
members
or
remove
members
within
the
configuration
and
each
member
pays
for
their
resources.
We
don't
have.
A
So
we
leverage
a
Amazon
qldp
technology
to
increase
that
durability
and
also
our
certificate
Authority
uses
a
soft
HSM
and,
last
but
not
least,
Visa.
We
leverage
our
Key
Management
Services,
secure
the
certificate,
Authority
service
and
generally
you
know
you
might
want
to
play
the
importance
of
this.
But
from
our
perspective
we
see
that
a
lot
of
implementations
managing
the
keys
for
the
traditional
blockchain
network
using
open
source
can
be
very
honors.
A
I
mean
we've
seen
one
use
case
where
a
bank
Central
Bank
tried
to
build
a
center-back
digital
currency
of
application
and
they
launched
and
about
a
year
later,
all
of
the
keys
expired
and
they
were
not
able
all
the
tokens
were.
You
know
worthless
at
that
point,
so
we
kind
of
feel
that
using
our
Key
Management,
Service
and
also
our
soft
HSM,
that
we
provide
allows
you
to
ensure
that
Keys
get
generated
and
the
certificates
get
renewed
automatically
without
you
know
you
having
to
manage
that
aspect
of
it.
A
A
That's
paid
written
per
gigabit
and
then
you
have
like
peer
nodes
that
you
provision
per
hour
and
also
node
source,
so
those
are
kind
of
the
four
main
pricing
dimensions
and
we've
done
a
lot
of
work
of
managing
and
pricing
for
different
members.
So
customers
don't
have
to
do
anything
now,
if
you're
starting
out
building
a
plot
building
a
application.
You
know
we'd
recommend
using
our
starter
Edition,
which
is
useful.
A
Small
tests
and
production
networks
we're
using
very
small
instance
sizes,
and
we
provision
this,
for
you
know
beta
test
environments
and
also,
and
then
once
you're
at
the
point
where
you
built
out
the
POC,
you
want
to
move
to
a
production
Network,
you
offer
a
standard
edition
which
is
for
production
based
Network.
In
addition
to
that,
we
also
offer
credits
to
allow
customers
who
are
looking
to
build
applications
on
on
our
blockchain
to
test
it
out
to
try
to
make
sure
they
can.
A
You
know
they're
happy
with
the
service
before
they
move
forward
and
one
of
the
things
that
we
have
seen
like
from
customers
who
leveraged
our
blockchain
service.
We
find
that
it's
up
to
75
cheaper
than
running
it
yourself
on
on
ec2.
So
there's
a
lot
of
value
proposition.
We
have
lots
of
customers,
like
you
know,
which
I'll
show
some
of
the
customer
stories.
Who've
tried
doing
it,
building
their
own
hyperledger
fabric
networks,
for
instance,
and
you
know,
or
ethereum
networks,
and
they
found
it
much
cheaper
to
leverage
our
managed
solution.
A
A
So
you're
going
to
be
seeing
more
of
this,
and
this
was
built
without
Professional
Services
team
within
three
months.
So
this
is
one
great
use
case
for
supply
chain.
Another
use
case
that
I
wanted
to
share
is
Sony
music
and
this
they
built
a
digital
Rights
Management
Solution
on
on
our
Amazon
managed
blockchain
solution.
They
were
able
to
use
it
for
participants
to
share
and
verify
information,
and
if
you
look
at
the
Legacy
implementation,
you
know
there
was
a
lot
of
contracts
flowing
back
and
forth
between
The
Originators
of
of
the
content.
A
So,
looking
at
all
of
the
music
contracts,
you
know
that
that
have
been
written.
You
know,
keeping
track
of
who
owns
what
and
also
when
say
the
musician
dies
and
hands
over
the
the
the
copyrights
to
their
descendants,
or
you
know,
benefactors
keeping
track
of
all
that
so
Sony
Music,
you
know
in
Japan
is
actively
using
that
and
there
was
a
recent.
A
Change
in
there
in
the
copyright
regulation
in
Japan,
they're
also
going
to
be
leveraging
nfts
for
for
managing
those
those
rights
and
the
other
solution
I
was
going
to
talk
about
was
the
Singapore
exchange
and
Singapore
exchange
is
a
you
know.
Leading
multi-asset
Exchange
in
Asia
provides
like
listing
and
trading
and
clearing
and
settlements,
so
they
actually
built
the
original
implementation
on-prem
using
traditional,
open
source
hyperledger,
and
when
they
were
moving
into
the
cloud
they
you
know
decided.
A
They
were
going
to
test
out
our
platform
and
primarily
the
main
use
case
was
for
to
help
with
codifying
rights
and
obligation
for
digital
assets,
for
digital
end-to-end
Marketplace,
and
also
to
allow
for
into
bank
transfers
into
bank
transactions
between
member
banks
for
clearing
and
settlements
of
Trades.
So
they
were
able
to
move
the
existing
implementation
that
were
running
on
their
on-prem
onto
our
blockchain
within
all
of
the
smart
contract
code.
A
The
the
chain
code,
everything
got
migrated
within
two
two
months
into
blockchain
and
it
resulted
in
about
60
savings
on
their
part,
so
they've
been
using
this
and
they're
actually
moving
on
to
the
next
stage
in
the
implementation
which
would
be
beyond
for
across
border
settlements,
not
just
within
Singapore
but
across
Asia.
So
that's
a
very
successful
use
case
and
they're
using
it
for
clearing
and
settlements
of
of
assets
on
for
in
Singapore.
A
So
we
have
a
bunch
of
other
use
cases
that
we
have
for
customers
and
like
the
dtcc
for
claring
and
settlements,
Liberty
Mutual
is
using
for
claims
processing.
We
have
health
direct
for
health
care,
a
lot
of
use
cases
there
in
healthcare,
and
so,
if
you
are
interested,
you
know
I'm
definitely
open
you
can
reach
out
to
me.
We
have
a
booth
upstairs
you
can
talk
more
about
these
cases.
A
I've
tried
to
kind
of
speed
through
as
quickly
as
possible,
because
I
know
I
have
like
15-20
minutes
and
I
also
want
to
leave
room
for
questions.
So
if
you're
interested
in
learning
more
about
our
services,
you
can
go
to
our
Amazon
landing
page
and
also
you
can
look
at
qldb
amazon.com,
so
I'm
Gonna
Leave
room.
Do
we
have
any
time
for
questions
I?
Think
I
have
like
35.
A
Yeah,
we
do
have
the
option
to
store
in
a
in
a
private
HSM
that
we
also
have
obviously
the
cloud
HSM
service
on
AWS
that
can
be
leveraged
for
that,
but
to
accept
it
to
simplify
it
for
most
customers,
who
are
just
focused
on
focus
on
the
business
value
of
the
application,
and
they
don't
want
to
deal
with
the
HSM
or
you
know,
managing
key
recycling.
We
just
made
it
easy
for
customers
to
Just
Launch,
and
then
you
know
and
again,
like
the
use
case.
A
I
explained
to
you,
the
the
bank
in
in
South
America,
who
they
built
out
an
entire
Central
Bank
digital
currency
application
using
an
open
source,
a
hyperledger
implementation.
You
know
they
left
out
having
to
you,
know,
manage
the
key
Recycling
and
that
you
know
you
don't
worry
about
it
until
a
year
later,
when
the
keys
start
to
expire,
and
at
that
point
you
know,
you
start
running
into
issues,
so
we've
made
it
very,
very
easy.
We
try
to
you
know,
live
reduce.
B
A
C
A
Products
that
you
have
that's
a
very
good
question,
so
your
question,
you're
asking
is,
if
Amazon
is
planning
on
having
you
know
a
training
on
certification
path
for
for
blockchain.
The
answer
to
that
question
is:
yes,
we're
actively
working
on
that,
not
just
for
internal,
because
obviously
firing
finding
blockchain
Talent
is
very
difficult.
We
have
you,
know
we're
hiring
developers
and
and
professional
teams
to
help
in
in
helping
customers
Implement
their
you
know.
A
A
Obviously
we're
going
to
be
covering
hyperledger
ethereum
and
over
the
next
six
months
there
are
a
few
more
blockchain
protocols
that
are
going
to
be
out,
so
we're
planning
on
releasing
a
training
agenda
for
for
that
and
because
that's
a
that's,
a
big
part
of
you
know
increasing
the
rate
rate
of
adoption
for
blockchain
services.
You
know
so
yeah,
that's
something!
That's
in
our
pipeline.
A
A
Yeah
yeah,
so
there
there
is.
There
are
plans
to
support
it,
but
I
mean
right.
Now
we
do
the
way
we
support
the
hyperledger
Basu
is
you
know
we
work
with
Partners
like
collido
to
offer
an
offer
you
know
offer,
even
though
they
don't
have
a
managed
service
on
AWS.
They
do
have
a
what
we
call
a
quick
start
or
a
on
our
APN.
So
you
can
go
on
to
our
Marketplace,
which
is
the
Amazon
partner,
Network
Marketplace,
and
you
can
click
on
the
hyperledger,
their
hyperledger
Basu
and
launch
a
collido
node.
A
So
that's
something
that
we
currently
offer
today,
but
looking
at
having
it
as
a
managed
service,
is
something
that
it's
it's
probably
going
to
be
in.
Our
own
I
can't
go
into
too
much
details,
but
we're
looking.
We
are
looking
to
support
at
least
six
new
blockchains
over
the
next
with
those
work
on
Chrome
is
on
on
consensus,
but
there's
also
consensus
there
on
on
the
on
the
marketplace
as
well,
so
for
the
for
for
networks
that
we
currently
don't
have
as
a
managed
service.
A
We
basically
give
them
the
option
we
partner
with
them
and
also
because
there
are
a
lot
of
use
cases.
An
example
is
the
Global
Rockstar
use
case
where
we
built
a
music
nft
platform
on
ethereum.
You
know
they
build,
we
work,
they
work
with
our
Professional
Services,
but
they
also
wanted
the
ability
to
run
gasless
transactions
or
low-cost
transactions.
So
we
actually
partnered
with
polygon,
for
instance,
to
allow
them
mint
assets
on
polygon
and
then
provide
a
way
to
using
ZK
relapse
to
transfer
those
assets
from
Cross
change
from
polygon
back
into
ethereum.
A
So
you're
asking
if
we
see
any
challenges
towards
to
proof
of
sake,
funny
enough.
It's
a
good
thing.
You
ask
that
question.
So
we
have
a
lot
of
customers
who
are
running
ethereum
nodes
today
or
you
know,
and
they're
asking
us
to
provide
validate
validation,
Services
most
of
the
customers
who
are
currently
running
ethereum.
One
of
the
value
propositions
that
we
offer
is
they
don't
have
to
worry
about
updating.
So
all
of
our
networks,
all
of
our
customers,
I
mean
one
thing.
A
A
lot
of
people
don't
know
is
like
almost
40
percent
of
all
the
ethereum
nodes
that
are
running
in
the
globally
right
now
running
on
AWS,
so
most
of
our
customers,
who
are
running
ethereum
nodes
today,
don't
have
to
worry
about
anything
like
the
entire
upgrade
process
is
going
to
be
handled
by
our
service
team
and
everything
gets
done
without
them
having
to
worry
about
so
we're
we're
closely
tracking
the
updates
are
coming.
That's
coming
up
over
the
next
few
days.
A
It's
it's
seamless,
so
it's
a
it's
a
gradual
roll
out
because
yeah
it's
important
to
ensure
that
none
of
the
nodes
you
know
is
out
of
up
is
up
is
out
of
date,
so
you
know
because
we
want
to
make
sure
that
we're
keeping
track
so
as
new
updates
are
happening
like,
for
instance,
we
recently
updated
the
girly
test
net.
You
know
to
support
that
about
two
three
months
ago
and,
as
you
know,
the
other
networks
robstein
and
will
be
taking
down.
A
So
as
that's
happening,
we
manage
that
and
if
you're
running
those
nodes
yourself,
you
have
to
remember
to
go
update
it.
You
know
when
so
we
just
take
away
all
of
that
stuff
and
then
so
we're
actually
seeing
a
lot
of
adoption.
You
know
we
are
we're
offering
you
know,
credits
for
customers
who
are
trying
who
want
to
try
our
Network
and
a
lot
of
them
are
seeing
the
benefits
of
using
our
platform
because
they
don't
have
to
worry
about
all
of
the
updates
that
come.
A
A
There
are
some
percentages
of
that
40
that
are
self-managed,
so
customers
decide
they
want
to
run
an
ethereum
node.
They
go
launch
ec2
instances,
but
when
you
see
that
you
know
the
cost
of
running
it
yourself,
you
actually
save
money
by
running
it
on
it
on
on
a
managed
service,
it's
a
no-brainer
unless
you
have
money
to
burn,
so
most
companies
are
that
are
using
it
for
event
streaming.
So
streaming,
events
out
of
the
ethereum
network,
things
like
smart
contract
data
or
token
data
are
using.
A
You
know
they
just
focus
on
building
on
top
of
the
ambient
nodes,
and
they
don't
want
to
worry
about
managing
the
network.
They
want
a
stable,
reliable
Network
and
that's
kind
of
the
other
reason
why
we're
seeing
a
lot
of
inbound
for
to
run
validator
nodes,
because
if
you
think
about
the
way
you
know
proof
of
stake
works
if
you,
if
your
node
goes
down
for
any
reason
you
get
penalized.
So
you
you
stake.
A
32
is
there,
and
if
you,
if
you're
running
those
nodes,
you
lose
electricity,
you
lose
internet
connectivity
or
anything
happens,
you
start
getting
penalized
and
so
for
them
they
just
want
to
have
a
staking
physical
node
staking
service
and
they
just
want
to
deposit
their
wallet
and
ensure
that
during
that
time
period,
while
it's
being
validated
while
it's
running
it
stays
as
stable
as
possible.
So
they
don't
get
penalized.
So
that's
kind
of
why
we're
seeing
a
lot
of
adoption
of
our
service
because
we
provide
you
know
pretty
stable
to
me.
A
A
Yeah
so
like
he's,
he
as
he
said
if
you
are
running
an
existing
Legacy,
ethereum
node,
and
you
need
to
update
when
the
time
comes
you
have
to
if
you're
running
ec2
you
have
to
go
in
and
actually
update
it
go
on.
Github
update
it
yourself.
If
you're
running
a
Management
Service,
you
just
get
a
notification
that
it's
been
done
and
that's
the
end
of
it.
A
So
obviously,
when
you're
running
a
node,
it's
running
within
a
specific
availability,
Zone
in
a
specific
region,
so
most
of
our
customers
run
across
multiple
regions.
So
we
support
about
four
or
five
regions
right
now
across
the
globe.
So
you
know
we
they're
customers
who
run.
Maybe
you
know
two
nodes
per
region
and
ensure
that
they're
able
to
load
balance
traffic
across
all
those
regions.
So
any
region
goes
down
or
there's
any
issue
in
any
specific
availability
zone
or
region.
They
can
still
continue
to
service
their
customers.
A
Outside
of
you
know,
different
regions,
because,
ultimately,
because
the
blockchain
network,
the
data,
is
the
same
right.
It's
the
data,
it's
all
replicated
across
all
the
nodes,
so
it
doesn't
really
matter
where
the
data
is
coming
from
unless
your
latency
sensitive,
but
for
the
most
part
that's
how
most
of
our
customers
build
their
infrastructure.
C
E
A
Different
yeah,
so
you're
asking
your
question
was
relating
to
healthcare
data
and
whether
Amazon
has
a
position
in
terms
of
how
the
data
gets
stored
and
from
our
perspective,
obviously
most
of
our
services
are
built
for
to
for
HIPAA
I,
don't
know
if
you
guys,
you
know
if
you're
based
on
U.S
no
HIPAA
compliances,
but
I
said
to
you
previously,
because
the
blockchain
is
immutable.
There's
some
I
mean
it's
great
for
storing
data.
A
You
know,
obviously,
that
you
don't
want
to
be
changed,
but
if,
because
of
blockchain
itself
is
immutable
right,
if
you
have
a
requirement
or
at
some
point
say
delete
the
data
like
you
know,
you
might
decide
that
as
a
patient.
You
don't
want
your
data
with
a
specific
medical.
If
it's
immutable,
it's
hard
to
do
that.
A
But
you
do
have
a
reference
to
the
location
and
you
can
because
you're
storing
the
hash
of
the
patient
information.
That's
on
on
the
S3.
You
can
guarantee
that
that
data
has
not
been
tampered
with
and
you
can
also
enable
what
we
call
up.
S3
object
lock,
which
ensures
that
the
data
can
be.
You
know
you
can
create
a
life
cycle
to
ensure
the
data
can
be
deleted,
based
on
whatever
regulatory
compliance
Frameworks
that
you
find
yourself.
A
A
Well,
if
you
have
a
life
cycle
management
solution
in
place
and
you
store
the
hash
on
the
blockchain
at
some
point,
you
expect
the
data
to
be
erased
off
S3.
Once
that's
done,
you
can
try
to
reference
it,
but
it's
not
going
to
be
available.
So
it's
just
not
going
to
exist
anymore.
The
object
doesn't
exist
anymore,
so
it
doesn't
really
matter.
A
You
know
you
might
still
have
the
hash
and
also
the
hash
is
a
much
smaller
Target
data
that
can
be
stored
on
the
blockchain,
because,
technically
you
don't
store
large
Blobs
of
information
on
the
blockchain.
You
store
specific
data,
you
don't
support
images
or
videos
on
a
blockchain.
You
would
store
it.
You
know
if
you
look
at
the
way,
nfts
work
today,
the
nft,
the
actual
image
underlying
image
or
asset
is
stored
on
ipfs
or
on
S3,
not
on
the
blockchain,
except
you
know
very,
very
rare
instances,
utilization.
It
is
an
efficient
approach.
A
A
Sure
yeah,
it's
a
good
question.
I
mean
we
get
that
a
lot
so
AWS
has.
You
know
we
obviously
we're
the
largest
cloud
service
provider,
and
you
know
one
of
the
reasons
why
we
are
people
are
using
us
is
because
we
do
have
like
two
levels.
You
know
we
have
a
separation
of
data.
There
are
certain
things
that
we
are
responsible
for.
We
are
responsible
for
the
underlying
architecture,
the
storage
compute
and
space
and
power
and
Heating.
A
If
you
order
ec2
or
any
type
of
AWS
Services,
that's
what
we
offer.
One
of
the
things
that
we
do
is
obviously
the
the
underlying
storage
is
encrypted.
So
we
don't
get
access
to
your
data.
We
leave
the
applications
and
also
kind
of
the
governance
to
you,
the
customer
to
manage.
We
don't
get
it,
we
don't.
You
know
we,
we
all
of
the
data.
Transferring
from
server
to
server
or
from
node
to
node
is
all
encrypted
and
we
don't
get
we
don't.
We
don't
have
access
to
the
information.
E
E
A
Cryptographic
and
also
if
it
was
tampered
with
I
mean
you
still
have
the
information
installed
on
if
it's
stored
on
the
blockchain,
you
can
also
validate
that
that
data
has
been
tampered
with,
because
the
hash
will
change.
So
you
can
apply
the
additional
control
of
checking
the
hash
after
you
copy
it
and
validating
the
hash
is
consistent
with
the
hashes
that
are
stored
on
the
blockchain,
so
that
kind
of
helps
you
to
and
that's
why
I
love
customers
store
information
on
the
blockchain.