Hyperledger Foundation Hyperledger Iroha, 21 Jun 2021

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From YouTube: Hyperledger Iroha v2 - Makoto Takemiya, Soramitsu

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Hyperledger Iroha v2 - Makoto Takemiya, Soramitsu

Hyperledger Iroha has always aimed to make it easy for developers to perform common actions, such as creating and managing digital assets and digital identity. While v1 was written in C++ and somewhat inflexible, v2 is being developed in Rust and has many nice tools for conditional logic that allow for Turing complete, on-chain execution of complex logic. In this talk I would like to discuss the design and progress of Hyperledger Iroha v2 and how to get involved in this exciting and technology advancing project.

To learn more about Hyperledger, the open source community focused on developing a suite of stable frameworks, tools and libraries for enterprise-grade blockchain deployments. Which serves as a neutral home for various distributed ledger frameworks including Hyperledger Fabric, Sawtooth, Indy, as well as tools like Hyperledger Caliper and libraries like Hyperledger Ursa click here: https://www.hyperledger.org/

Sessions Details & Slides (if available)- https://sched.co/j3bs
Access All Sessions: https://events.linuxfoundation.org/hyperledger-global-forum/program/schedule/

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Hyperledger – Open Source Blockchain Technologies

Hyperledger is an open source community focused on developing a suite of stable frameworks, tools and libraries for enterprise-grade blockchain deployments.
It serves as a neutral home for various distributed ledger frameworks including Hyperledger Besu, Fabric, Sawtooth, Indy, as well as tools like Hyperledger Avalon, Cactus and libraries like Hyperledger Aries, Ursa. Learn more about Hyperledger projects: https://www.hyperledger.org/use

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A

Great, so um thank you for coming to this session. uh Hopefully it will be interesting. We have 30 minutes I'll, try to speak for maybe 20 uh five minutes or so and leave some five minutes at least five minutes for questions, and um uh today we'll be talking about hyper ledger. Idrahaw version two. um Some of you may not be familiar with hyperledgery draha version, one so I'll give a brief overview as well um and uh as an introduction, I'm uh makoto takimiya, I'm the group, ceo and co-founder of zoramitzu.

A

um So today I'll talk a little bit about uh well I'll, say a few words about hyperledger v1, uh either hobby one and then I'll talk about hyperledger. You don't have v2 similar overview where the code is located. How is it structured?

A

How would you set up the network um whether it has special instructions uh and different things like this? So that way you can learn um some of the basics of the network and some of the philosophy and then figure out, maybe how you can use this in your own applications.

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So for those who don't know I'll just say for a couple of seconds about my company mitsubis, we were founded in 2016..

A

We actually joined hyperledger project in 2016 as well, and uh we contributed uh acquisitory roha, uh along with several other companies like ntt data and uh in column uh back in 2016, and we've been working uh as an active maintainer of the project. Since then, um we use it in many of our applications, including our work with the central bank of cambodia on a really exciting project called backhaul.

A

There was some other another session that I think brian was a chair of that talked about um cbtc's, and if you didn't watch it, I encourage you to find the video and maybe see it it's very interesting, but that project uses hyperledger doha. V1 we've done many other projects as well over the years for those who don't know.

A

So we focus a lot in hyperliterary, draw on mobile interfaces and being able to connect people or connect to applications that people build uh in a mobile context and so project balcony, which we built with the central bank of cambodia, is actually the world's first retail payment system run by central bank piece of blockchain that launched real money back in 2019 um and it's it's quite an exciting system that uses uh hyperlitera at the core of the system, um but uh today I'll be talking about either ha v2.

A

Oh actually, uh so this system actually yeah. We won some rewards. um So that's that um so before I talk a little bit about eater hockey 2, um I think it's important to kind of understand some of the philosophy of what we um you know. What the original context or vision of eaterhog was, and really it was to create something that's kind of a simple blockchain that doesn't try to do too much. That really focuses on high performance and low latency and focusing on mobile interfaces in particular.

A

So building uh libraries and different sdks that can help with mobile apps has been a very big push um and then also eater hall tries to be blockchain. So it's really. um It means that more in, like like a traditional context. So, instead of instead of trying to be like a glorified database system- or you know trying to do too many different things at once- uh it, it really is kind of like a traditional blockchain. You have a set of validators and all the validators, don't trust each other.

A

They they get the data and they're verified up. So this means that they see all the same data and they verify it, and that has implications for for the types of con contexts or applications that can be that you can use either hot in and so in ederhof version 1. We also tried to focus on limiting the scope of the blockchain platform so that you couldn't really do too many things like you couldn't do during complete or user-defined smart contracts that would be defined at runtime.

A

Instead, if you wanted to have new functionality, you would have to write this code in the original c-plus plus. So either one was in c, and this was done really, because we do focus a lot on financial applications and a lot of a lot of users. For example, central banks, don't really want to have too much flexibility, in fact, having uh less flexibility in what you can do actually reduces the attack space right. So it's, but it has trade-offs and that doing new things is more costly or it takes developer resources um in iraq too.

A

We're trying to improve on some lessons that we learned uh idra2 is written in rust, which is um which is kind of a more and more it's a language, that's getting more and more popular um over time. If you haven't used it, it's really a lot of fun. um The learning curve is, is somewhat steep, uh but so is cpus buzz. um So I like so I've written.

A

You know, code in many languages, including sql plus including rust, and what I like about rust is that it's a little bit less flexible, so the compiler is very strict about what you can do and this actually forces you to design things in a kind of a more standardized way. So it's actually easier.

A

I would say it's easier to work in an open source or open context, because you don't there's not as many degrees of developer freedom in some ways, because the language kind of forces you to do certain like certain styles, and so this this makes it easier to work with other people's code and also uh yeah. It's you don't have a lot of problems like you would have in super space where you can. You see plus uh has a big uh range, and you know if you're, a very highly skilled sequence, plus developer or canva novice.

A

The quality of the code is very, very different and rust. It kind of forces everyone to be closer to the same love best. Also, the compiler is able to optimize code uh pretty well because it's very strict uh compiler, so um it it's in many contexts, it's easier to get faster, running code than rest, and it's plus, if you're, if you're a novice you see both plus like I am, for instance, um interrupt. Edward ii is also very opinionated about um how uh data processing is and data handling is done.

A

So uh we we keep all data in memory and uh of course this doesn't mean that you lose data when the system crashes or something all blocks and and the blocks are kind of like the atomic unit of uh you know, state change in the system. All blocks are updated, atomically on the disk when they come in, along with the in-memory data storage.

A

So in memory data storage uh we have a in-memory block store and then also in memory uh world state view that has a different account like state data, so, for example, how many assets a certain account has.

A

So all this all these data are kept in memory, which makes validation of transactions extremely fast.

A

We don't even use like an in-memory database, we use kind of rust level on maps or hash maps, so it makes it really really really fast. So you don't have any overhead, and this was done partly because in either hog v1 we did see. A lot of the bottlenecks were related to data processing and e1. V1 is actually still under active maintenance. You know with many it has community around it. People are contributing code.

A

um Currently, it's being update, upgraded to use a key value database and that's a lot faster than postgresql which which it was using before, but I would say, v2 takes this to a whole level, whole another level uh by keeping all the data in memory, and it makes it really really exceptionally fast.

A

We're also trying to uh give people more flexibility, so being able to support turn complete computation, that's user defined at runtime, basically so being able to define your own smart contracts while the system is running is really an important design goal that we have initially. This is based around what we call heater house, special instructions and I'll I'll introduce these.

A

These are not currently uh turn complete, but in the future we're you know reviewing several proposals with the community, and one of them is to include a wasn't vm and then that way, people can compile really any language that they like to awesome and then and then run their smart contracts. That are, you know, user defined. When the system is running, there's advantages and disadvantages um to this. Of course, uh it makes a compilation a little bit harder because uh the the version of rest- you you support- has to be more specific.

A

uh Currently, hopefully someday they'll be better uh language support case. um So iraqi ii has been in debt for a little bit more than a year, like maybe 15 months, and uh it's yeah.

A

It's still not uh at the first uh stable release, but it's it's come pretty far and the network uh actually should be running stably um and you're able to to use the current uh heater hot special instructions that I'll show off in today's presentation um kind of as uh yeah one of the introductions edraw2 uses, uh as did either hal1 a kind of a very simple data model um and.

A

Yeah, so I can type on the slides. So instead of saying commands, it should say instructions and maybe.

A

And a domain is like a grouping of uh of asset definitions and of accounts, and an asset definition is just um you know a name and then has maybe some other metadata, uh for example. What what type of acid it is? Is it like a key value map like a complex asset, or is it a? um Is it like a currency that has a quantity, um so you can define these and I'll? Show you how um using uh eater hall special instructions and- um and then you have accounts and accounts, are uh some.

A

You know, data that has a set of signatories and the signatory is just a public key. Basically, so you can have one or more public keys and you can have a quorum defining how the public keys are used to sign transactions and accounts can also have assets, and our assets are instant instantiations of the asset definition. So you could have like an asset definition for u.s dollar and um and then your account has 100 assets which are instances of a us dollar definition.

A

So this is very simple data model. um It's it easily incorporates um basically any use case. You would want because uh an asset that an asset definition is really like an object, and so, um if it's, if you interpret it like uh you know like a currency or something else, that's really up to the to the business logic that you have you can you can deal with many different types of situations, um okay, so github structure. So let's say that I wanted.

A

I wanted to help kind of join the community and maybe let's you can first go to hyperledger ledger yes on github, so github, slash hyperledger um as v2 is still under active dev and there's no stable release. Yet uh currently um the the main branch is uh is either hot version one and then, if you want to go to version two you have to go to. You know how to eat. Raw dev um is updated um occasionally, but yeah. We don't have a like a really well-defined release cycle for ford.

A

Yet so um you can probably at this stage, use your how-to-dev branch, and this should always be compiling and running, because we have a lot of github actions that will run tests upon pull request and we don't really um we try to keep it. You know fairly stable so that there's no, you should shouldn't, have a situation where you try to run either how to death and it. You know it doesn't start up or something um but yeah I mean.

A

If you want to use in production, you should be a little bit careful because it is, you know, still under active development, but uh it's it's fine for um playing around with even today um and uh and the code is, is reasonably high quality and shouldn't have any um any known like major defects other than uh you know, lack of functionality implemented so the implemented functionality should be working pretty well, um it's kind of uh organized into the set of different crates that are compiled.

A

So, for example, we've got uh crypto, we've got the um kind cli. You know different things like this, so it should be pretty easy to kind of understand how it is, and you can build these kind of separately. If you want to uh for cryptography, we use uh hyperledger ursa, uh so we try not. I mean. Obviously, writing your own crypto is a bad idea, so we we don't. We use versa.

A

um So you can check this out and uh you know play around with the dependencies and things like that if you want okay, so um yeah, that's kind of some of the overview of github. Let's move on, um let's say I wanted to play around with this and try to check it out like what could I do today, um so you could set up your own idraw v2 network. um I gave a demo this morning about it.

A

I'm not going to go into that level of detail now, but I will just say um uh you would you would build the u-haul, client uh or sorry crypto cli? um This should be.

A

Crypto you, you build the earth. You know, cli use this program to uh to generate your own uh keys. So if you run the script, it gives you an ed25519, um uh private and public key pair, and then you can take these uh these pair these each server that you want to run like let's say if you want to have four different servers, you have a config file in each server and then you you plug in your private key and public key here, and this uh you don't have to use ed25519.

A

I think uh so. We support maybe some other photography, that's in ursa but um but yeah it's it's recommended all right to probably not play around with this too much. um If you, if you don't know what you're doing um I mean you can read some of the uh explanation in the github. But uh basically, uh if you want to set up your own node, you would get this config file from guitar, just setting up a port that you run for the ptp traffic.

A

This is between nodes on the network and then api, which is the external query nodes.

A

And then you do need to define a genesis block and you need to have like a public and private key associated with this, uh so that the data are um uh so this. This is uh uh the genesis uh blocks has been validated, so you have just a simple json format that you can define. Your genesis block in genesis block is just a list of transactions. um I think you don't even have to have anything, but that would be very boring network without any user accounts um so like in this example.

A

Here you just have like isis, which are the you either have special instructions which I'll talk about, and then you can register you register. First, the new domain called wonderland and then you register a new account called alice, and then you can register a new asset called a rose. Asset definition rose, that's inside wonderland and it has a type quantity, which means you can have like a quantity of roses.

A

You can have different value types um as well and, let's see, and then you can have your user alice in wonderland and you give alice a rose. You actually give 13 roses, because this is mint uh commands. You're minting uh new rose assets uh into uh alice at wonderland's account pretty straightforward, you can.

A

This is just the genesis block, so this kind of defense defines the first first account that maybe has some assets and permissions, and then you can kind of do everything around that genesis and then finally, the third thing that you need to start a network node is the trusted peers file, and this just has the initial peers that you have.

A

You can add new peers and remove peers from the network using uh heater hospital instructions during run time, but you need at least a forum of peers to start out with, and the number of peers you need is actually so. The consensus algorithm is called sumiragi and uh there's a max fault appears parameter if you run it locally with just one peer on your own system. You would just make this zero.

A

If you want four pairs, you make this one, so you have a three f plus one uh tolerance of f. So if you want to tolerate one fault, you need three f three times one plus one. um So four notes.

A

Okay, so that's how you set the network, you just make config.json file just json justices.jsontrustappears.json, and you do this for each of your peers and actually this morning in the demo, I started up a network and it's still running uh locally. It hasn't crashed or anything. um One thing I'll just point out is uh either hot 2 doesn't create blocks just for for the fun of it. um You have to have transactions in your block.

A

um So that's why it's not like creating a bunch of blocks, but if I go uh to my uh command line and if I run a command like, let's create a new domain called.

A

Called the night talk um and you can see that we now have a new height block height at nine, because it just generated a new block that contains my register. uh Transaction apps are created. uh The settings are here in the config.json, so um here it's one second per block. So if you get a bunch of transactions being sent every second they're going to be grouped together in a block um and now I have nine blocks and you can see this box, the blocks themselves are not so interesting. Look look at for humans.

A

We use a pd scale codec to store blocks, as I recall, which is a very efficient binary format. I used in pope dot okay. So let's go back and talk a little bit about.

A

You know how special instructions, so you know how special instructions are, are kind of um yeah a list of different uh kind of building blocks that you can kind of piece together to do lots of things, and you might have seen some of this if, in my explanation, just now of the genesis block, for instance, so to make a to make a let's take a look to make a register domain. uh So uh there's like the register instruction. That is just register and you can read, call register on different objects.

A

You can call down on the domain to register a domain. You can call on a new account to register an account. uh You can even call on a asset definition to register a new asset definition, so it's kind of like um yeah. You have this kind of like a core command or instruction called register, and then you've got under register, which does the other thing.

A

If you want to add a new peer to your network, I think you call register and then like the peer id and unregister would remove the peer to create a new asset. You mint it and you can burn the asset to kind of get rid of it. You can transfer the asset, there's some conditional logic in using if, if clauses this, this should work for really cool use.

A

Cases like, for example, conditional multisig, where, if you want to um to define uh like some signatories on an account you'll, be able in the future to um to like set up an account so that, if you're, sending more than one thousand of an asset, you'll have to have three signatories and if you send less than one thousand you'll have two. You know different rules like this, that you'll be able to define just by piecing these different things together.

A

So that's kind of the the idea um to kind of create this like basic, uh something like a domain specific language that you can kind of piece together right now, it's not turn complete. Actually, you can make it turn complete by implementing triggers uh on top of these. That would be kind of, like you know, event-based uh functional programming which we uh which we're exploring, but uh it takes a little bit of research if you're interested in this topic, I'm very happy to um you know to have any anyone collaborating um okay.

A

So how would we use some of these uh isis uh so that you don't have special instructions? So, for example, um you can play around with our your he draw client cli, which is command line tool um in the future. This will be probably deprecated with a nice python library, but um it's still under work.

A

Now, if you wanted to register like an account, you can go to your command line and register an account. uh You have to give it at least one key uh to be like you know, to to do the transaction verification, um so I just called created a domain called night talk, because it's my time where I am so. You can hit this and ooh. Let's see what I uh type I see what's wrong. So in keynote uh it kind of takes my double dash line and turns it into one line which is not cool.

A

You have to do two dashes cool so uh that created my new. um I registered an account, my quote in my talk and then these the payload's not very fun to look at, but um you can see the different byte values.

A

This should probably be simplified a little bit but hey it, uh it works um and then uh I can create new assets um if I wanted to so like this would be like kind of like the equivalent of a erc20 token um in ethereum, uh so just like a simple asset here, a piece of wood line. um So this is a type quantity, meaning it's like a some kind of token.

A

Let's put it in our talk domain and um I don't know, is there a cool, a cool name for this um I'll call the nhd for night night token or something um so we just create a new token, and um actually you can see all the assets by calling list assets. So yeah account sorry asset list all, and so you can run this and you can see.

A

We've got hedorah token, which is made this morning. We've got some roses and we've got: um where did it go.

A

Maybe I'm missing something here: where did it go here? Nh? Yes, ah it's because I didn't invent any um any instances of the asset. So I'm just looking at the definitions, so we need to mint uh mid quantity. So we can just go over here and I think quantity has to have again double dashes. Otherwise it will fail.

A

This would be asset would be uh nhd at night. Talk, I'm almost done here almost out of time too. Oh I gave it to marco de iroha world. Let's give it to makoto okay at nighttalk, let's min some more tokens, why not um cool and then uh I can just go list all and then you can yeah. You can see the nht that's it now.

A

uh Then world has and then also that light talk has and it's quantity 1337, which is very cool um and, and you can just keep going, you can combine all these different things. um You could send, for example, alice um some idiot tokens, uh so yeah different things like this. So anyway, I think you get the idea um we're almost out of time, so I'm just going to kind of like um go to the chat.

A

If I can find it and see if there's any questions and if there's no questions I'll, ask my own questions and um feel free to uh so somebody wrote: uh have you done the performance benchmarks with the idol v2? If so, how is it compared to v1? It's a good question um here. I'll stop sharing my screen because it's kind of distracting, maybe so yeah, so it's it- takes some time to do proper benchmarks, in fact we're having a hard time creating tools that will give transactions.

A

That's fast enough to eat a hot v2, um we've yeah, but we recently set up uh like our own kind of network, to test longevity and we created. um So we have a java library that we used along with jmeter to create um like just create a bunch of transactions and test it and um v2 is quite fast.

A

I don't really want to say any specific numbers, because we've only really tested it on a small network, and uh but it's it's like thousands of transactions per second. So it's pretty fast! I mean it's. It's really nice! Somebody asked a great question. um You know what p2s and rust it's sdk still supported uh by python, javascript, etc. Is it right? Okay? This is great. So basically, what do you do with sdk so um so for sdks to really be nice for humans to use.

A

You have to kind of put a lot of care into the writing of them and uh for android and java. We have a kind of a rudimentary library that you can use um and we're currently improving this and we're also looking at having some people work on the swift version, a swift library for ios for python. There's a rust cargo crate that that will kind of like put a wrapper around your your rust compilable using. I think it actually uses some.

A

You know something related to c and python in order to do the bindings, but it's pretty it's pretty looks pretty nice. We're actually testing it. This week um we haven't actually used it yet, so I can't really say much about it, but it looks really helpful, um so hopefully, soon you'll be able to use python and for javascript we do have another. uh I think at least a draft version of a javascript library that people can use and it's going to get better. um Somebody asked what's main difference between hyperlogic fabric and hyperledgery draw.

A

Well, I mean there's a lot of differences, so the philosophy is very different. The um the way things are built are different so which which platform you use depends a lot on. What you're trying to do. Edraw2 tries to be a lot simpler and less you know less overhead, and also all peers should have all the data so in fabric.

A

They have like different channels and things like that and double layer consensus that happens, maybe not with data validation but with, like uh uh you know, just a hash um hash ordering and that's not really what we well. It's not the design choice that um is in europe, so eater has a little bit different. So so you should look at them and understand which ones are best in order to use in your projects, um so yeah we're mostly done. I think we're out of time now.

A

So thanks for joining you know you can connect, you can go to our github page. I think there's some links to the chats and um feel free to join. uh You know rocket chat, telegram, whatever guitar and uh and ask questions, get involved, um yeah to check out either how to just uh check out either how to dash dev branch and then hit cargo build and it should run for you. Hopefully, I haven't had to abilities so have a good day. Everyone thanks a lot and I think that's all. We have.