►
Description
CasperLabs, Hyperledger member company, CTO and co-founder Medha Parlikar will explore the rapid proliferation of blockchain adoption among enterprise organizations, and how they're poised to realize $3 trillion in value from blockchain-based use cases over the next decade.
Casper is the first blockchain to be built specifically for businesses that want to seamlessly and securely migrate data between public, private and hybrid blockchain environments. CasperLabs is working with a growing number of Fortune 500 and government organizations building on the Casper Blockchain, and helping them to realize new efficiencies that drive successful business outcomes.
Our Hyperledger In-depth series features live demos, tutorials, and stories from the battlefield! Members share learnings from their projects, and field all the hard questions about the pains and triumphs of working with DLTs. This is a great opportunity for you to get involved, come prepared with questions and voice your opinions.
Join us in building a stronger community!
----
Hyperledger – Open Source Blockchain Technologies
Hyperledger is an open source community focused on developing a suite of stable frameworks, tools and libraries for enterprise-grade blockchain deployments.
It serves as a neutral home for various distributed ledger frameworks including Hyperledger Besu, Fabric, Sawtooth, Indy, as well as tools like Hyperledger Avalon, Cactus and libraries like Hyperledger Aries, Ursa. Learn more about Hyperledger projects: https://www.hyperledger.org/use
Discord: https://discord.gg/rVCn4j7UFd
Case Studies: https://www.hyperledger.org/learn/case-studies
Training & Certification: https://www.hyperledger.org/learn/training
Tutorials: https://www.hyperledger.org/use/tutorials
Webinars: https://www.hyperledger.org/learn/webinars
Events: https://www.hyperledger.org/events
Vendor Directory: https://www.hyperledger.org/use/vendor-directory
Subscribe to the Hyperledger Newsletter: https://www.hyperledger.org/newsletter
Follow-us on Twitter @Hyperledger
Learn about Hyperledger Membership: https://www.hyperledger.org/about/join
#Hyperledger #Blockchain
License
Creative Commons Attribution license (reuse allowed)
A
A
A
A
A
A
Good
morning,
good
afternoon
and
good
evening
from
wherever
you
are
I'd
love
to
get
started
here
today
with
our
next
hyperledger
Foundation,
in-depth
webinar,
with
Casper
Labs.
We
have
meta
parlikar
here,
CTO
and
co-founder
of
Casper
Labs
who's
going
to
share
with
you
about
how
they
are
unlocking
a
three
trillion
dollar
market
for
businesses,
I'm
Karen,
otoni
I'm,
the
senior
director
of
ecosystem
and
strategic
initiatives
at
hyperledger
foundation
and
I'll
be
hosting
the
webinar.
Today.
I
have
a
couple
of
housekeeping
things
to
go
through
before
we
Dive
In
one
is
hype.
A
So
we
emphasized
creating
a
safe
and
welcoming
Community
for
all,
and
that
includes
how
we
manage
ourselves
in
the
chat
and
in
any
community
meeting
that
we're
having
or
event,
we
also
go
by
the
Linux
Foundation
Anti-Trust
policy
and
meetings,
and
so
we
have
to
conduct
our
activities
in
accordance
with
that.
If
you
have
any
questions
about
the
antitrust
policy
policy,
you
can
see
it
on
our
website
or
on
our
Wiki
at
wiki.hyperledger.org.
We
are
currently
recording
this
and
we
are
also
live
on
YouTube.
A
A
We
really
encourage
these
sessions
to
be
interactive.
This
is
an
opportunity
for
you
to
get
a
chance
to
speak
with
someone
who's
working
on
something,
that's
of
interest
to
you,
solving
a
problem
or
challenge
that
you
might
be
having
as
well.
So,
please
feel
free
to
raise
your
hand
post
questions
in
the
Q.
A
box
and
I
will
be
monitoring
them
throughout
the
session,
both
in
the
webinar
and
on
the
YouTube
live
as
well
foreign,
so
without
further
Ado.
B
Terrific
Karen,
thank
you
so
much,
and
thanks
for
welcoming
me
here
today,
you're
so
excited
to
be
part
of
the
hyper
larger
community
and
really
excited
to
share
some
knowledge
and
hear
feedback
from
members
of
the
hyperledger
community
about
Casper
labs,
and
you
know
the
content
that
we're
sharing
here
today.
So
I'll
just
dig
in
about
me:
I
met
a
parlikar
I'm,
the
chief
technology
officer
and
one
of
the
co-founders
of
Casper
Labs
I
hail
from
the
web,
2
Cloud
SAS,
whatever
you
want
to
call
it.
B
Space
I
worked
there
for
about
25
years
as
a
technical
leader
in
large
organizations
like
Adobe,
avalara
and
mp3.com
I've
worked
in
content,
delivery,
web
analytics,
fintech
and
compliance.
You
know
where
I
was
responsible
for
product
and
program
management
and
quality
control.
So
let's
dig
in
so
you
know
when
I
met
Renault,
we
really
had
a
meaning
of
the
minds.
Ronald
is
one
of
my
co-founders
and
we
discovered
that
Enterprise
needed
a
few
things.
B
They
needed
a
public
protocol
that
really
solved
the
adoption
issues
that
we
were
seeing
around
public
blockchain
infrastructure,
and
we
had
to
do
this
without
sacrificing
security,
and
they
also
needed
a
Professional
Services
Company
to
help
Enterprises
adopt
the
technology
and
so
from
there.
We
founded
Casper
labs
in
2018,
and
we
founded
the
company
during
a
crypto
winter,
and
we
built
the
technology
during
a
pandemic.
B
It
provides
a
lot
of
the
controls
that
enterprises
need.
That
is
not
available
in
a
public
blockchain,
and
so
what
we
wanted
to
do
was
kind
of
thread
that
needle
and
provide
as
much
of
the
controls
we
could
possibly
provide
to
Enterprise
in
a
public
manner
right.
So
what
this
means
is
that
the
the
blockchain
itself
is
public
versus
private,
but
you
Enterprises
still
get
a
lot
of
the
control
that
they
need
in
order
to
build
a
sustainable
and
scalable
business
using
blockchain
technology
or
products
using
blockchain
technology.
B
And
so,
if
you
think
about
the
adoption
trilemma,
you
know
what
would
a
chain
that
solve
that
really
look
like,
and
it
was
really
clear
that
I
needed
to
build
a
blockchain
public
blockchain.
That
I
would
use
as
an
Enterprise
technology
leader,
so
it
needed
to
be
secure
and
decentralized,
but
it
needed
to
interoperate
with
my
existing
I.T
stacks
and
it
needed
to
be
scalable
within
my
organization.
It
had
to
meet
the
needs
of
all
of
my
stakeholders.
Right
I
had
to
be
able
to
use
development
operations.
B
I
had
to
be
able
to
upgrade
my
contracts
and
introduce
new
code
changes,
I
needed
to
have
some
guarantees
around
the
controls
and
the
security
operations
and
best
practices
that
my
organization
needed
around
governing
that
code,
as
all
code
is
governed
within
an
Enterprise
organization,
and
so
I
really
see
that
Casper
labs
and
hyperledger
Union
is
kind
of
a
match
made
in
heaven
right.
So
hyperledger
pioneered
Enterprise
grade
private
blockchain
deployments,
and
it's
emerged
as
a
clear
leader
in
the
broader
Enterprise
blockchain
space
and
like
hyperledger.
B
So
there's
a
massive
demand
for
a
massively
underserved
Market
that
we
believe
we're
well
positioned
to
provide
support
and
we've
always
been
focused
on
the
Enterprise
Market.
We
always
will
be,
and
public
blockchains
have
largely
ignored
this
key
market.
For
the
past
four
years,
but
not
us
and
we're
going
to
continue
building
this
over
the
next
five
to
ten
years
as
well.
B
But
you
have
to
go
further
than
just
providing
upgradable
contracts.
You
need
to
provide
strong
security
guarantees
around
the
versioning
of
smart
contracts
on
the
blockchain,
and
this
is
something
that
only
Casper
Labs
does
right.
There
are
ways
to
upgrade
other
blockchain
contracts
on
public
networks,
but
you
don't
get
any
security
guarantees
around
the
semantic
versioning
of
those
contracts
which
becomes
massively
important
when
you're
doing
any
kind
of
transactions
with
value
right.
You
cannot
afford
to
have
any
kind
of
security,
vulnerability
or
supply
chain
vulnerability
within
your
code
base.
B
The
other
piece
to
think
about
is
how
is
this
blockchain
going
to
interoperate
with
your
Enterprise
infrastructure
right
and
we're
not
talking
about
an
integration
with
other
blockchains
I?
Don't
really
see
that
as
a
core
issue,
I'm
talking
about
plugging
directly
into
the
systems
that
power,
your
business
right,
like
your
business
intelligence
systems
or
the
Ides
that
your
developers
use
or
the
tools
that
your
network
operations
team
use
to
manage.
All
of
your
backend
servers.
I'm
talking
about
those
systems
right?
B
You'll
just
have
to
work
around
with
what
the
evm
offers
with
Casper
and
Casper
Labs.
We
can
actually
drive
that
roadmap
and
we
have
multiple
examples
where
our
Enterprise
customers
have
come
back
to
us
and
said
hey.
We
see
this
as
a
really
important
feature
for
you
to
add
to
the
blockchain
host
itself
and
we've
worked
with
our
community
to
get
those
features
deployed
to
the
mainnet,
and
this
is
a
unique
and
also
a
traditional
way
in
which
great
products
are
built
is
through
the
customer.
B
B
The
idea
is
you
want
to
if
you're
going,
to
implement
a
technology
within
your
infrastructure,
you
want
to
get
as
much
value
out
of
that
technology
as
possible
and
blockchain
the
magic
happens
when
you
start
using
it
as
a
proof,
a
centralized
proof
within
your
when
you're
in
your
block,
within
your
systems,
where
you
can
trust
that
data,
and
so,
if
you've
got
like
you
know,
kyc
information,
that's
going
on
a
blockchain!
You
want
to
be
able
to
plug
into
that
data
with
other
teams.
B
So
it's
important
even
with
public
blockchain
infrastructure
that
you
scale
out
that
adoption
internally.
So
you
can
extract
as
much
value
as
you
can
out
of
the
technology
right.
So
all
of
this
is
available
within
the
Casper
ecosystem.
For
you
to
use,
we
believe
that
the
future
is
hybrid
and
we're
built
exactly
for
that
reality.
Right
so
most
large
firms
and
government
organizations
are
never
going
to
be
able
to
deploy
fully
decentralized
environments
right.
B
They
need
to
retain
privacy
and
control,
but
blockchains
still
present
this
tremendous
opportunity
to
save
money
and
open
new
revenue
streams-
and
so
hybrid,
is
a
great
way
to
do
this
right.
You
can
get
security
guarantees
from
the
public
network
without
having
to
put
sensitive
data
or
sensitive
information
on
the
public
network,
and
you
can
selectively
choose
how
you
want
to
interface
with
the
public
network
and
control
on
Casper,
uniquely
your
interactions
with
that
public
network,
because
we
provide
upgradable,
smart
contracts.
A
Hi
meta,
so
just
gonna
jump
in
here
we
got
a
question
from
someone
on
YouTube
and
maybe
you'll
cover
this
later,
but
they're
asking
if
you
could
share
some
examples
of
why
we
want
upgradable
smart
contracts,
as
it
may
be,
a
threat
to
security
and
more
centralized
devs
can
change
the
code
at
any
point
of
time,
perhaps
exploit
things.
So
why
is
that?
Why
is
that
beneficial
and
how
is
it
safe,
I
guess,
yeah.
B
So
it's
absolutely
beneficial
for
Enterprises
and
entities
that
need
to
maintain
Regulatory
Compliance
as
a
great
example.
Right
so
let's
say:
there's
a
regulatory
shift
right
and
you
need
to
now
do
something
different
say
with
a
set
of
nfts
say
with
some
fungible
token
standards.
Maybe
you
need
to
make
a
change
where
something
that
wasn't
transferable
for
is
transferable
now,
for
whatever
reason
you
want
to
take
advantage
of
a
new
market
opportunity
right,
you
have
to
be
able
to
do
that
in
a
safe
manner
with
some
guarantees.
B
It's
true
that
upgradable,
smart
contracts
can
present
a
challenge
where
you
could
have
a
bad
actor,
do
a
bad
things,
but
the
flip
side
is
you
know,
technology
doesn't
solve
the
bad
actor
problem
right.
You
can
also
have
a
really
bad
vulnerability.
You
could
have
a
really
bad
bug
that
you
can't
fix
because
it's
immutable
right,
so
it
cuts
both
ways
right
and
I
actually
believe
that
trust
is
going
to
be
established
off
chain.
B
I
believe
that
today,
and
even
in
the
future,
individuals
will
interact
with
Enterprises
and
interact
with
authorities
or
individuals
or
Enterprises
or
entities
that
they
trust.
So
trust
is
still
going
to
be
established
outside
of
the
smart
contract.
So
if
I
believe
this
is
a
good
actor
I'm
going
to
trust
them
right,
so
it's
possible
to
have
immutable
smart
contracts
on
Casper.
It's
not
that
it's
impossible.
It's
a
contract
that
can
never
be
upgraded
right
so,
but
it
allows
you
to
build
your
contracts
incrementally
it
allows
you
to
address
defects.
B
So
in
wrapping,
what's
our
ambition
is
we
want
to
onboard
the
next
100
million
users
onto
blockchain
technology
and
they're?
Increasingly,
look
like
Cloud
users
today,
right
AKA,
everyday
consumers
who
are
customers
of
major
companies,
and
we
believe
that
through
Enterprise
adoption
is
how
those
100
million
users
are
going
to
use
blockchain
technology
and
they're,
not
even
going
to
know
that
they're
necessarily
using
blockchain
technology
right.
The
blockchain
is
going
to
be
a
very
small
piece
of
a
larger
application
architecture.
B
It's
going
to
fade
to
the
background
and
users
will
get
the
benefits
of
the
blockchain
technology,
be
it
in.
You
know
more
guarantees,
new
features
and
and
better
usability
for
the
products
and
services
that
they're
used
to
using
today,
and
so
our
mission
is
to
handle
the
back
end
of
this
blockchain
technology.
So
businesses
can
focus
on
solving
their
core
problems
and
delivering
an
exceptional
customer
experience.
B
A
A
Someone
someone
is
just
saying,
thanks
for
the
information
and
they're,
a
big
fan
of
your
work
on
YouTube
meta
I
was
wondering,
if
maybe
you
could
talk
through
a
little
bit
more
in
detail
about
the
the
example
that
you
did
on
the
hybrid
transaction
with
with
IBM.
If
you
could
share
any
more
details
on
how
that
worked,
and
and
maybe
were
there
any
challenges
that
happened
in
that
in
that
example,
that
you
really
had
to
kind
of
work
through
that
others
might
encounter
when
they're
doing
the
same.
Oh.
B
For
particularly,
you
know,
financial
institutions
that
are
looking
to
offer,
for
example,
tokenized
assets
on
a
public
network
and
get
access
to
liquidity
on
those
networks
and
the
way
it
is,
it's
a
Time
locked
trend
transaction
right.
So
there
would
be
a
it's
like
a
bit
and
ask
if
you
think
about
it,
so
somebody
puts
up
a
tokenized
asset
on
the
hyperledger
side
into
the
bridge.
There's
and
somebody
is
willing
to
buy
that
they
exchange
a
share
secret.
B
I'm
kind
of
you
know
glossing
over
some
of
the
technical
details,
but
in
essence,
both
parties
have
to
acknowledge
that,
yes,
I
have,
you
know,
exchanged
the
shared
secret,
the
monies
have
been
exchanged
and
I
have
actually
purchased
this
asset
and
now
Bridge
it
over
to
me
on
the
public
protocol
right,
and
so
this
is
an
extremely
interesting
way
in
which
you
can
gain
access
to
a
larger
liquidity
pool
using
a
public
blockchain
protocol
right.
You
can
also
do
other
interesting
things.
B
You
can
Bridge
nft
assets
over
right
and
if
you
want
to
bridge
other
tokenized
kinds
of
assets
over
it's
it's
a
great
use
case
for
that.
It's
also
a
great
use
case
for
you
to
get
provability
that
your
hyperledger
instance
has
is
has
full
immutability
right,
because
if
there
isn't
any
decentralization,
we
know
that
security
guarantees
do
go
down
right,
and
so
there
may
be
compliance
use
cases
and
other
use
cases
where
you
want
to
prove
that.
Yes,
the
hyperledger
instance
we
have
everything
has
as
fully
immutable.
We
haven't
gone
back
and
Rewritten
history.
B
Unless
the
you
know,
two-thirds
of
the
community
agree
to
do
so
right
and
that's
like
more
of
like
I,
want
to
say
like
an
existential
event
right.
If
that
would
ever
happen,
it's
only
happened
once
in
ethereum's
entire
history.
It's
never
happened
to
bitcoin
as
far
as
I
know,
and
it's
never
happened
in
Casper,
so
I
think
there's
a
lot
of
value
in
that,
and
it's
very
nominal
right
for
private
blockchains
to
take
advantage
of
public
infrastructure.
This
way,
it's
very
low
risk
and
a
lot
of
benefit.
B
Yeah,
so
an
example
would
be
like
gosh,
so
we
have
a
joint
venture.
We
call
nucleus,
that's
nucleus,
Finance
right
and
they
are
working
with
nucleus
Finance
as
a
collaboration
between
Casper
labs
and
the
researchers
of
octos,
and
the
OCTA
standard
is
well
established
in
a
lot
of
financial
institutions.
A
lot
of
Bank
institutions-
and
here
we
are
an
example-
is
we
are
creating
tokenized
assets
on
private
blockchain,
so
as
an
example
think
of
leases
right
automobile
leases.
B
So
you
want
to
tokenize
automobile
leases,
but
perhaps
you
want
to
securitize
some
of
those
automobile
leases
by
offering
some
kind
of
a
security
offering,
so
you
can
actually
get
transparency
around.
So
you
can
give
some
guarantees
that
we
have
these
tokenized
assets
and
you
can
provide
guarantees
to
whoever's
participating
in
the
securitization
of
those
assets
that
we're
tracking
these
on
a
private
chain
and
that
they
are
then
bridged
over
to
a
public
chain
in
the
form
of
a
secure
already
offering.
Where
now
you
want
to
get
liquidity
off
of
it
right.
B
A
A
C
B
B
It's
like
a
set
of
macros
and
a
framework
that
makes
Smart
contract
development
on
Casper
a
little
easier
for
developers
to
get
started
with
so
I
don't
feel
like
you
know,
you
can
still
write
smart
contracts
natively
in
Rust,
if
you
wish
to,
or
you
can
use
the
aardra
framework
to
help
speed
up
the
development
of
smart
contracts
on
Casper
vis-a-vis.
Writing
them
from
scratch
using
rust.
So
Audra
was
actually
developed
by
one
of
the
former
core
developers
on
Casper
and
it's
a
community
Community
Driven
initiative.
B
B
At
all,
right,
100,
yes,
how
what's
interesting
about
Casper
virtual
machine
I
didn't
really
dig
into
this.
That
much
is
the
way
the
Casper
architecture
works.
Is
transactions
are
executed
after
consensus,
and
so
you
know
this
is
actually
very
different
than
anywhere
else
in
the
in
the
space
and
what
makes
it
really
unique
is
that
you
don't
need
to
know
anything
about
consensus
or
the
underlying
node
semantics
for
to
build
and
run
a
smart
contract,
and
this
enables
Casper
contracts
to
actually
be
built
and
run
in
an
IDE.
B
The
Casper
virtual
machine
can
be
run
on
a
build
server
and
Casper
contracts
can
be
built
natively
using
continuous
integration
and
continuous
deployment,
and
the
reason
for
this
is
we
keep
webassembly
very,
very
pure.
You
know
if
you
work
on
some
of
the
other
public
blockchains,
their
implementations
of
webassembly,
basically
Yank
A
lot
of,
like
they
add
a
lot
of
you
know,
complication
to
the
web
assembly
layer.
So
now
you
need
to
understand
how
Solana
works.
You
need
to
understand
how
near
works.
B
You
have
to
understand
how
polka
dot
Works
in
order
to
actually
write
the
smart
contracts
effectively
and
now
you
can
no
longer
run
them
using
cicd,
because
you
need
those
full
nodes.
You
need
the
full
semantic
of
the
blockchain
in
order
to
run
the
smart
contracts
right
so
with
Casper.
You
don't
need
that.
A
B
I
believe
that
the
underlying
blockchain
infrastructure
absolutely
has
to
remain
decentralized
as
decentralized
as
possible.
The
Casper
Association
and
the
validator
set
work
really
really
hard
to
make
sure
that
our
Nakamoto
coefficient
is
always
on
the
rise
right.
So
we
are
looking
to
drive
decentralization,
so
there's
more
and
more
participants
in
the
network.
More
and
more
spread
in
terms
of
you
know
how
the
stake
is
distributed
the
network.
So
it's
more
and
more
decentralized.
B
Now,
with
respect
to
what's
built
on
chain
right
like
we
believe
that
enterprises
need
to
be
responsible
and
accountable
to
regulatory
bodies,
they're,
responsible
and
accountable
to
Boards
of
directors
to
customers,
and
so
whatever's
built
on
chain
is
going
to
be
governed.
It'll
need
to
be
governed
by
those
Enterprises,
and
so
they
need
to
control
what's
built
on
chain.
B
So
I
believe
that
the
underlying
blockchain
has
to
provide
tremendous
security,
and
in
order
to
do
that,
it
has
to
be
very,
very
decentralized,
but
I
also
believe
that
anything
built
on
top
of
the
blockchain,
like
all
software,
is
going
to
be
governed
right
and
the
protocol
should
provide
the
necessary
tools
and
capabilities
for
participants
to
govern
their
on-chain
contracts
in
the
manner
that
they
see
fit.
So
what
does
that
mean?
B
Well,
it
means
like,
if
an
account
controls,
a
contract
I
should
be
able
to
set
up
multi-signature
for
upgrades
and
deployments
of
that
contract,
while
the
host
provides
that
capability
right.
So
if
I
want
to
build
a
decentralized
autonomous
organization
and
I
deem
that
there's
50
participants
that
decide
whether
there's
a
change
made
to
how
the
Dow
contracts
function,
the
Casper
protocol
will
support
that
on
the
host
right
and
we
do
that
through
our
very
rich
account
model.
We
provide
capability
to
do
a
smart
contract
upgrades.
B
So,
with
our
Casper
2.0
release,
that's
planned
next
year,
we're
going
to
be
opening
it
up.
The
validator
set
even
more
right
now
we're
limited
to
100,
validators
or
100
nodes
that
can
participate
in
the
network.
With
the
Zug
consensus
protocol
release,
which
is
slated
for
2023,
we
should
be
able
to
open
that
up
well
over
250
and
based
on
our
research.
You
know
there
are
no
there's,
no
network
that
really
has
more
than
250
validators
in
the
system,
and
we
feel
that
this
will
actually
help
the
network
decentralize
even
more
so.
B
We
are
well
aware
of
this
risk
of
node
consolidation,
and
our
goal
is
to
make
it
more
robust
over
time
and
we
work.
You
know
the
the
community
and
the
validator
set
and
the
association
Works
to
ensure
that
there
is
not
node
consolidation.
We
we
work
with
even
our
our
the
staking
providers.
Some
of
the
larger
staking
providers
have
been
pushing
forward
to
actually
provision
more
node
infrastructure
and
select
more
staking
providers
to
help
the
network
remain
decentralized.
So
it's
definitely
a
focus
for
us.
A
B
Will
there
be
utility
for
private
companies
of
the
cspr
token
using?
So
if
companies
choose
to
use
a
hybrid
model
right,
if
they're
going
to
use
the
hybrid
blockchain
they're
going
to
be
using
the
Casper
public
network
to
get
those
security
guarantees
on
those
private
chains,
so
that
will
be
the
way
Enterprises
will
use.
The
public
protocol
is
really
to
secure
those
private
chains
right,
so
then
they
can
prove
to
Auditors
or
customers
or
whomever
they
need
to
prove
to
that.
B
Yeah,
so
it
was
really
terrific
to
be
there
in
Dublin
with
everybody.
It
was
such
a
wonderful
conference
and
I
really
I
learned
a
ton.
Firstly,
I
thought
it
was
one
of
the
few
conferences
where
I
went
to
actually
attended
all
these
sessions
and
they
were
each
one
of
them
was
super
informative.
So
usually,
when
I
go
to
a
conference,
I'm
not
as
drawn
to
the
the
sessions
as
I
was
the
hyperledger
conference,
so
it
was.
B
So
this
is
an
excellent
example
of
where
the
terms
are
negotiated,
using
a
private
hyperledger
instance,
and
then
once
the
sale
is
complete,
the
patent
is
transferred
or
minted
on
Casper
on
the
public
network,
and
it
provides
really
Best
of
Both
Worlds,
because
it's
very
clear
in
terms
of
who
owns
a
patent
and-
and
you
can
observe
the
patent
as
well
publicly,
because
that
Providence
previously
was
not
known
right.
It
was
not
known
who
owned
a
patent.
B
It
was
only
known
that
once
the
USPTO
issued
the
patent,
that
was
the
initial
owner,
but
then,
after
that,
if
the
patent
was
sold
transferred
leased,
there
was
no
information
around
what
the
current
state
of
the
ownership
of
that
patent
was.
So
this
is
happening
in
2023.
I'm
really
excited
about
that,
and
we
have
some
other
initiatives
which
I
can't
go
into
a
lot
of
detail
with,
unfortunately,
due
to
ndas,
but
there's
multiple
hybrid
blockchain
implementations,
we
are
looking
to
deploy
some
for
many
household
names,
so
we're
really
excited
about
this
work.
B
D
Thank
you.
So,
thanks
again
for
doing
the
presentation,
I
one
of
the
things
that
brought
me
to
hyperledger
was
really
the
cost
control
of
having
the
blockchain
history,
but
still
keeping
it
private
and
I'm
very
interested
in
the
hybrid
model,
but
I'm
curious
with
Casper
tokens.
You
know,
what's
the
what's
the
risk
of
it,
so
we
do
very,
very
small
transaction
sizes
and
it's
prohibitive
to
do
you
know:
ethereum
gas
fees,
for
instance
they're
just
predictive.
D
B
So
we
recognize
that
Enterprise
infrastructure
needs
to
be
budgeted
for
and
Casper
has.
We
have
a
unique
model
so
presently
in
mainnet
right
now
the
way
Casper
mainnet
functions
it
functions
very
similar
to
ethereum.
There
is
gas
fees.
Of
course
the
cost
per
chain
isn't
nearly
as
busy
as
ethereum.
So
presently
it's
not
as
expensive,
but
we
want
to
be
future
proof
and
we're
always
looking
towards
the
future.
So
with
Casper
2.0,
we
have
a
revolutionary
model
that
we
have.
We
have
actually
already
completed
the
research
for
this.
B
We
know
what
the
implementation
is,
but
it
will
completely
stabilize
gas
fees
and
it
will
stabilize
them
in
a
manner
to
where
Enterprises
will
be
able
to
treat
the
the
the
gas
fees.
The
utilization
of
public
network,
much
much
more
as
a
capex
versus
an
Opex
you'll
be
able
to
hold.
You
know,
hold
the
asset
on
the
books
and
it
will
be
something
that
you
will
essentially
just
recycle
and
reuse
without
going
into
too
much
details
about
the
implementation.
B
Yet,
as
as
it's
not
live,
but
I
can
tell
you
that
in
2023
we
will
be
introducing
a
revolutionary
new
way
to
stabilize
gas
fees
for
the
Enterprise.
It's
been
a
promise
that
we've
wanted
to
deliver
on
from
the
day
we've
you
know,
scoped
out
the
day,
I
scoped
out
the
blockchain
that
stabilized
gas
fees
are
absolutely
essential
for
the
Enterprise,
and
we
think
we
found
a
really
great
solution
for
that.
D
C
Yeah,
hopefully
you
gotta
hear
me
I'm
in
a
hotel
with
the
Wi-Fi
and
not
sure
the
speakers
out
on
this
laptop,
but
yeah
I
know
Mega
that
you're
really
big
on
security
and
that
you
guys
were
researching
Quantum
produce
with
the
University
of
Kent.
Can
you
speak
on
any
progress
or
how
that's
going
and
how
you
guys
plan
to
basically
remain
future
proof.
B
Yeah,
so
you
know,
Quantum
is
a
is
a
big
area
of
interest
in
the
public,
blockchain
space
and
everybody's.
You
know
people
are
really
concerned
around.
You
know
what
we
can
do
when
Quantum
Computing
becomes
a
real
risk
to
particularly
asymmetric
key
cryptography
right,
there's
a
lot
of
other
things
to
consider
around
Quantum
right,
so
absolutely
we're
doing
research
on
the
quantum
side.
B
The
Casper
protocol
is
one
of
the
few
protocols
that
supports
multiple
encryption
schemes
for
public
keys,
so
you're
not
going
to
find
any
other
blockchain
protocol
that
supports
multiple
key
types.
We
support
ed25519
and
we
support
SEC
p256k1
and
the
reason
we
chose
to
do
this
is
because
we
wanted
to
provide
a
seamless
user
experience
for
anybody,
that's
transacting
with
Bitcoin
or
ethereum.
So
you
don't.
You
can
use
the
same
private
key
infrastructure
right
from
a
user
experience
perspective
to
transact
across
both
blockchains
and
so
we're
again
ready
for
hybrid.
B
You
know
technology
and
right
from
the
very
very
beginning
like
this
was
this
was
designed
three
years
ago
right
when
we
initially
built
the
blockchain
and
the
reason
we
built
that
architecture
is
I
want
to
be
able
to
drop
in
a
new
key
type
at
any
point
in
time,
with
absolutely
no
changes
to
Global
state
right
and
no
changes
to
the
blockchain
very
minimal
changes.
So
we
can
introduce
Quantum
key
support
with
virtually
no
changes
to
the
blockchain.
B
It
would
be
a
very
nominal
wallet
chain
which
wallet
change
where
you
would
then
associate
a
Quantum
key
with
your
account
revoke
the
main
key,
that's
associated
with
your
account,
and
now
your
account
is
quantum
ready.
That's
literally,
all
that
needs
to
be
done
on
Casper,
because
Casper
does
support
multiple
key
types.
So
for
us
to
add,
Quantum
keys
to
Casper
is
very,
very
straightforward,
and
that's
because
of
the
underlying
architecture.
B
The
Casper
blockchain
does
not
store
public
keys
in
the
global
state.
It
supports
stores
an
account
hash
and
it
doesn't
really
care
what
kind
of
encryption
scheme
you
use
for
for
signing
transactions
right
on
the
state.
So
it's
not
like
you
would
have
to
go
through
this
massive
migration
of
all
the
existing
accounts.
C
B
That's
exactly
right:
yep!
You
can
basically
drop
in
a
brand
new
encryption
scheme
and
then
it's
very
simple.
You
know
user
transaction
to
basically
migrate
and
you
don't
have
to
create
new
accounts
right.
You
can
just
add
a
Quantum
key
to
your
account
and
now
your
account
is
quantum
resistant
right.
You
add
one
key
revoke
the
other
and
you're
done.
That's
right.
B
We
do
not
have
a
date
or
a
month
for
Casper
2.0,
while
I
would
say
it's
probably
going
to
be
Q3.
The
reason
being
is
we're
going
to
be
bringing
nfts
host
side.
So
whenever
you
bring
again
one
of
the
value
propositions
with
Casper
is
we
can
make
changes
to
the
virtual
machine
to
meet
the
needs
of
Enterprise
and
what
we're
learning
from
Enterprise?
Is
they
don't
they're,
not
just
interested
in
collections
of
nfts
that
are
150
nfts?
They
want
collections
of
nfts
they're,
300
000,
1
million
five
million
10
million
right.
B
This
is
what
Enterprise
grade
scale
is
really
about,
and
so
our
recent
changes
to
our
nft
contract
will
now
allow
you
to
create
collections
as
big
as
300
000
nfts,
with
stable
gas
fees
right
for
minting
these
nfts,
and
this
is
something
that's
really
unique
on
Casper
and
we
can
bring
it
to
the
host.
We
can
actually
modify
the
blockchain
bring
nfts
onto
the
host
and
we
know
that
the
community
will
be
hugely
in
favor
of
this
because
because
then
I
can
actually.
B
We
can
actually
say
that
an
ft
mint
costs
one
cspr
or
half
a
cspr,
and
we
can
do
a
hundred
times
more
nfts
in
every
block
than
we
can
today.
Just
like,
we
do
that
with
cspr
transactions,
and
this
is
something
we're
going
to
add
to
Casper
2.0
because
of
the
overwhelming
adoption
of
nfts
and
everything
we're
hearing
from
Enterprises,
so
we're
going
to
increase
the
scope
of
Casper
2.0,
but,
and
that
will
push
out
the
date
a
little
bit.
B
Yeah
so
one
of
the
there's
there's
several
things
so
I
hinted
about
the
gas
stabilization
feature.
The
other
feature
we're
going
to
have
is
contracts
will
be
able
to
pay
for
themselves.
So
when
I
call
a
contract,
it'll
be
able
to
pay
for
the
execution
on
its
own.
So
if
you
look
at
other
layer,
1
blockchains,
if,
if
I'm
going
to
perform
us
what
I
call
a
self-sovereign
transaction,
so
what's
a
self-solving
transaction,
it's
you
want
to
have
guarantees
that
I
signed
the
transaction
with
my
key
right,
a
lot
of
systems.
B
But
in
order
for
me
to
sign
the
transaction,
the
subscription
provider
needs
to
fund
my
account
because
there's
no
way
for
me
to
sign
otherwise
or
they
transact
on
my
behalf
and
really
the
benefit
of
blockchain,
is
that
you
want
guarantees
that
I
actually
signed
something
like
I.
Did
it
right?
Well,
the
only
way
to
do
that
is
if
I
hold
the
native
token
to
sign
that
transaction.
B
So
what
Casper
Labs
is
building
for
the
Casper
protocol
is
we're
going
to
unify
the
notion
of
accounts
and
contracts,
and
so
what
that
means
now
is
accounts
can
sign
transactions,
but
contracts
can
pay
for
the
transaction,
and
so
what
that
means
is
I
signed.
The
I
sign
the
transaction,
but
the
contract
pays
for
it,
and
this
will
represent
a
dramatic
streamlining
of
the
user
experience
overall
for
web3,
because
now
I
no
longer
need
to
hold
token
right
in
order
to
sign
a
transaction
and
the
provider
can
now
get
guarantees
that
wait
meta.
B
You
sign
this
transaction
I
didn't
sign
it
on
your
behalf.
I
don't
have
to
look
at
some
web
2
database
to
know
that
I
did
a
transaction
I
can
actually
see
on
the
blockchain
that
this
private
key,
this
public
key
signed
this
transaction
and
that's
like
the
most
important
part
of
blockchain
right,
and
so
when
you
have
to
Short
Circuit
that,
because
it's
simply
too
hard
and
too
complicated
to
get
the
token
in
order
to
transact
that
becomes
a
real
problem.
B
So,
with
2.0
we're
going
to
unify
this
notion
of
accounts
and
contracts,
contracts
would
be
able
to
pay
for
transactions
directly,
even
though
a
user
signs
it.
This
is
a
really
really
interesting.
Important
value
feature
right
and
you
can
also
have
multi-signature
associated
with
contract
upgrades
right.
There
becomes
a
lot
like
the
the
entire
notion
of
Casper.
Is
everything
is
a
contract
right?
Even
an
account
is
a
contract
and
it
simplifies
and
streamlines
a
lot
of
things.
B
There's
a
new
consensus
protocol
we're
going
to
be
one
of
the
only
blockchains
in
the
space
that
will
upgrade
their
consensus
protocol
within
two
years
of
launch
right
and
the
reason
we
can
do
that
is.
We
have
a
very
modular
architecture,
so
we
have
a
version
of
Casper
and
test
right
now
that
runs
both
protocols.
It
goes
back
and
forth,
it'll
run
the
production
protocol
and
then
it'll
run.
B
The
new
protocol
it'll
run
the
production
protocol
and
it
switches
every
two
eras-
and
this
is
massively
important
from
a
testing
perspective,
to
understand
even
from
a
deployment
perspective,
if
we
want
to
run
run
it
in
testnet
in
in
this
hybrid
model,
where
we
go
back
and
forth
between
two
consensus
protocols,
we
can
actually
do
that
and
super
exciting
work.
I'm
I'm
really
excited.
So
those
are
like
the
big,
the
big
features
and
then,
of
course,
nfts
on
the
host.
A
B
A
Thank
you,
everybody
for
all
the
engagement
and
questions.
This
is
exactly
what
we
love
to
see
on
these
webinars.
Is
you
getting
your
questions
answered
about
how
you
can
leverage
High
religious
Technologies
and
the
things
that
our
members
are
building
on
top
of
it
and
with
it
another
way
to
stay
engaged
is
also
to
join
our
hyperledger
Discord.
A
A
A
A
We'll
have
that
on
our
events,
page
on
hyperledger.org,
pretty
soon
so
keep
an
eye
out
for
that
or
when
we
post
it
on
our
Twitter
or
LinkedIn
this
one
just
came
in,
so
we
don't
have
the
sign
up
ready
yet,
but
this
will
be
with
IDs
they've
built
this
blockchain
Network
in
India.
It's
one
of
the
largest
academic
consortia
networks,
a
really
exciting
use
case
to
cover
as
well
and
that'll,
be
on
December
14th.
A
A
A
Thank
you,
everybody
again
for
your
engagement.
Thank
you
for
all
the
questions
feel
free
to
reach
out
to
meta
with
the
information
she
shared
or
or
us
here
at
hyperledger
Foundation,
we're
always
happy
to
help
you
get
engaged
involved
and
contribute,
and
we
look
forward
to
seeing
you
on
a
future
webinar
future
event,
whether
it
be
virtual
or
in
person.
Thank
you
all.
So
much
have
a
great
day.