►
Description
A virtual meetup hosted by Hyperledger New York City on June 28, 2022 featuring Sherwood Moore and Bertrand Rioux discussing how to build an Open Global Climate Accounting System with Hyperledger projects.
Linux Hyperledger's Climate Action and Accounting Special Interest Group (CA2SIG) represents a network of technologists, strategists and other SMEs working together to use Blockchain, AI, and IOT and other technologies to help build an open climate accounting infrastructure to record human emissions activity on a global scale. In this presentation, the CA2SIG will provide you with a high-level introduction to Global Climate Accounting, introduce you to some of the work already underway, and share how you can get involved.
You are welcome to get involved with the Climate Action and Accounting Special Interest Group. Learn more on their wiki and subscribe to their mailing list to join the discussion.
Wiki: https://wiki.hyperledger.org/display/CASIG/
Mailing list: https://lists.hyperledger.org/g/climate-sig
----
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License
Creative Commons Attribution license (reuse allowed)
A
Today,
we're
going
to
be
going
over
global
climate
accounting
and
how
hyperledger
can
solve
the
challenge
of
scope,
3
emissions
again,
you
know
we're
going
to
be
live
streaming
this
on
youtube,
and
I
have
this
meeting
link
going,
so
I
will
happily
be
looking
for
any
questions
and
we
can
find
any
gaps
in
the
presentation
to
get.
Those
answered
at
this
point
floor
is
here
sherwood
and
bertrand.
Thank
you
again.
B
Thank
you
so
much
chris
I'm
going
to
go
ahead
and
kick
it
off
and
bertrand's
gonna
be
kind
of
walking
us
through
a
specific
example.
I'm
gonna
provide
kind
of
a
high-level
intro
to
the
sig
and
climate
accounting,
the
idea
so
the
sig
for
those
of
you
who
aren't
familiar.
We
are
a
part
of
the
hyperledger
community,
the
climate
action
and
accounting
special
interest
group,
essentially
we're
a
a
network
of
technologists
developers,
policy
wonks
environmentalists
that
are
working
together
to
explore
how
to
use
distributed,
ledger
technologies.
B
You
know:
blockchain,
open
source
software,
ai
iot,
big
data
to
develop
a
transparent
global
climate
accounting
system
to
help
humanity
achieve
a
net
zero
future.
And
so
the
question
is:
what
is
climate
accounting?
Why
do
we
think
it's
so
important?
Well,
if
you
look
at
the
climate
challenge
at
its
core,
it
can
be
understood
as
an
accounting
problem.
We
have
400
gigatons
of
carbon
and
I
I
know
that
the
abstract
there's
there's
a
typo.
B
It's
we
have
400
gigatons
left
of
carbon
that
we
can
put
into
the
atmosphere
before
we
overdraw
our
account
and
we
go
into
the
red.
So
our
current
burn
rate
we're
putting
into
the
atmosphere
42
gigatons
each
year,
meaning
that,
as
of
now
at
that
kind
of
spend
of
our
carbon
budget,
we
have
about
seven
years
left
before
we
go
past.
The
1.5
degree
threshold
which
the
scientific
community
is
is,
is
telling
us
leads
to
a
path
of
destruction.
B
Now
what
makes
the
climate
challenge
so
tricky
is
because
we're
dealing
with
a
global
asset,
the
atmosphere
that's
being
affected,
based
on
the
emissions
of
all
of
our
activities
and
to
solve,
for
it
is
going
to
require
an
unprecedented
level
of
human
collaboration
across
all
countries.
You
know
across
all
companies
across
all
people
right,
and
so
how
are
we
doing?
Well
we're
not
doing
that
good.
The
graph
to
the
right
represents
our
historical
emissions
since
the
the
turn
of
the
century,
and
you
can
see
the
emissions
pathway
in
green.
B
We're
building
this
with
the
ultimate
goal
of
creating
a
this
data
that
can
be
shared
as
an
interoperable
layer
of
information
shared
as
kind
of
a
public
good.
That
can
then
allow
stakeholders
to
slice
and
dice
and
use
that
information
in
whatever
they
need
to
understand
how
to
kind
of
take
care
of
of
of
their
kind
of
piece
of
the
play.
They're
they're
part
of
the
problem,
so
in
looking
at
supply
chain
emissions,
just
a
quick
overview
for
those
who
aren't
familiar
supply
chain.
B
Emissions
are
broken
into
three
different
scopes:
scope,
one
two
and
three
scope:
one
is
the
the
direct
missions
from
company
owned
resources.
Scope.
Two
is
indirect
emissions
from
purchased
energy
scope?
Three?
Is
the
emissions
all
the
emissions
from
a
value
chain
from
all
the
products
and
resources
that
an
organization
uses
and
scope?
One
and
two
are
are
relatively
simple:
scope:
3
is
incredibly
complex
and
but
but
we
think
it's
critical
for
for
two
reasons.
B
The
first
is
that
80
of
any
company's
emissions
is
going
to
be
scope
3..
So
this
is
where
the
vast
majority
of
the
emissions
are
occurring.
But,
most
importantly,
I
think
is
that
solving
the
scope.
3
challenge
has
the
power
to
unlock
new
incentives
for
innovation
and
a
new
incentives
for
collaboration
among
the
key
players
who
have
the
power
to
take
action
to
decarbonize,
and
so
what
do
I
mean
by
that?
Well,
corporations
are
moved
by
a
few
drivers,
all
right.
B
So,
for
example,
we're
seeing
government
regulation
that's
emerging
where
there
is
a
price
for
that
they're
effectively
creating
a
price
for
carbon
and
that's
affecting
companies
bottom
lines.
So
the
example
I
would
use
is
cbam
the
cross-border
adjustment
mechanism.
It's
a
regulation
coming
out
of
the
eu.
It's
introducing
a
carbon
price
on
imported
goods,
starting
with
cement,
fertilizer
iron,
steel
and
aluminum.
So
it's
massive
industries
with
with
massive
carbon
impact.
B
130
trillion
was
committed
by
the
un
glasgow
financial
alliance
at
cop26,
that's
49
of
the
world's
investment
assets.
It's
a
it's
just
a
massive
amount
of
capital
that
is
seeking
opportunities
for
investment
in
green
financing,
but
they
need
proof.
They
need
proof
to
be
able
to
see
that
that
that
that's,
where
the
investment
dollars
should
flow,
and
so
that's
really
important
for
companies.
B
The
last
piece
is:
consumers
are
also
beginning
to
more
more
demand
lower
carbon
goods.
So
companies
are
beginning
to
face
this
reality
where
purchasing
decisions
aren't
just
based
on
a
carbon
price
they're.
Also
based,
I
mean
on
the
monetary
price
they're
also
based
on
the
carbon
price,
and
so
what
we're
seeing
is
that
you
know
these
three
forces.
B
You
know
cost
demand
access
to
capital
which
are
the
lifeblood
of
any
of
any
organization,
are
becoming
they're
gonna
becoming
you
know,
key
to
companies,
corporate
strategy,
and
we
view
supply
chain
decarbonization
as
a
way
to
make
really
the
greatest
impact,
while
also
setting
up
the
gear
gearing
ourselves
up
to
take
part
in
the
one
of
the
greatest
opportunities
for
innovation
in
in
recent
history,
and
let
me
qualify
that
statement.
What
we're
talking
about
is
based
on
these
market
forces.
B
Every
single
supply
chain
for
every
single
product
for
every
single
company
in
the
entire
world
is
going
to
be
when
the
market
conditions
really
kind
of
solidify
they're,
going
to
be
sprinting
to
decarbonize,
and
so
we're
excited
about
the
opportunity
to
position
ourselves
to
to
be
a
part
of
of
that.
You
know
innovation
and
that
change.
B
So
I
think
the
question
that
you
might
be
thinking
is,
you
know
if,
if
this
is
such
a
great
opportunity,
why
hasn't
anything
been
done
about
it
yet,
and
I
think
the
graphic
to
the
right
should
kind
of
answer
part
of
that
problem.
Solving
for
scope,
3
solving
for
tracking
carbon
emissions
across
the
supply
chain
is
incredibly
complex.
B
This
is
just
the
supply
chain
for
the
manufacture
of
this,
of
a
solar
cell
for
one
company,
and
so
you
can
imagine
the
complexity
that
we're
that
we're
looking
at,
and
the
problem
is
that
until
now
we
simply
haven't
had
the
tools
to
solve
this
problem
and
there
have
been
three
key
challenges.
The
first
is
a
cost.
B
The
landscape
is
also
fragmented
and
how
this
information
is
being
collected.
They're
they're
using
different
standards
they're
using
different
protocols,
they're
capturing
this
information
in
kind
of
siloed
databases,
so
the
information
isn't
being
shared.
It's
just
not
set
up
for
this
kind
of
collaborative
approach
to
kind
of
information
sharing.
The
last
piece
is
trust.
B
Companies
aren't
accustomed
to
sharing
data
and
when
you
look
at
the
supply
chain
to
the
right,
you
know
these
are
competitors.
These
are
vendors.
These
are
suppliers.
These
are
all
individuals,
organizations
that
are
trying
to
kind
of
maximize
the
proper
margin
and
information
sharing
that
can
can
there's
fear
that
that
can
lead
to
competitive
like
giving
away
a
competitive
advantage.
B
This
allows
them
to
kind
of
have
control
over
how
this
information
is
governed
and
and
and
finally
I'd
also
say
that,
because
it's
a
permission
to
blockchain,
because
we're
working
with
hyperledger
participants
also
have
a
certain
access
of
control
over
to
rights
of
their
information.
So
this,
I
think,
provides
companies
with
the
ability
to
kind
of
share
information
within
kind
of
this,
this
network
of
stakeholders,
while
being
cautious
that
they're
not
really
hurting
themselves
by
providing
some
sort
of
information
to
potential
competitors.
B
So
all
those
kind
of
combined
to
provide
a
a
kind
of
an
environment
in
which
we
can
actually
begin
developing
these
solutions-
and
we
are,
I
wanted
to
kind
of
speak
a
moment
like
about
hyper
ledger.
The
reason
that
part
of
the
reason
we're
building
with
hyper
ledger.
Obviously,
it's
because
it's
open
source
and
the
reason
we're
doing
that
is
the
challenge
that
we're
trying
to
solve
for
it's
too
great
for
any
one
organization
to
tackle
the
only
way
to
develop
the
power
to
scale
to
meet.
B
This
problem
is
by
inviting
all
stakeholders
to
contribute
to
developing.
You
know
their
part
of
of
the
climate
challenge,
and
so
you
know
we've.
We
think
that
the
the
end
result
is
going
to
be
a
platform
of
platform.
It's
going
to
be
a
combination
of
of
you,
know,
open,
distributed,
ledger
technologies
and
and
private
solutions,
and
so
it's
it's
going
to
be
kind
of
a
complex
environment,
but
we
think
at
its
core
at
its
base.
B
B
We
want
to
prove
its
value
and
develop
it
in
such
a
way
that
it
can
then
be
replicated
to
be
used
across
different
supply
chains
and
the
industry
that
we're
beginning
with
is
the
oil
and
natural
gas
industry
and
which
my
colleague
bertrand
is
is
here
to
he
is
to
share
he's
been
responsible
for
really
launching,
leading
and
driving
this
initiative.
I'm
so
excited
to
have
him
here
and
with
that
we're
trying
to
I'll
hand
over
the
the
presentation
to
you.
B
C
About
project
we're
working
on
related
to
reduction
of
waste
emissions
with
this
idea
of
a
supply
chain
token,
so
the
figure
you
see
here
is
a
sort
of
composition
of
methane
emissions
from
the
energy
sector,
so
oil
and
gas
coal
production.
So
when
we're
talking
about
waste
emissions
here,
emissions
is
a
waste
in
general,
we're
talking
specifically
about
waste
by
energy
producers,
so
say
a
company,
that's
producing
natural
gas.
Some
of
that
natural
gas
is
being
wasted
in
the
form
of
methane,
that's
being
leaked
to
the
atmosphere
or
flared.
C
Now,
just
a
heads
up
to
people.
This
presentation,
I'm
giving
is
from
a
longer
talk.
I
gave
earlier
this
month
and
I'll
be
rushing
through
some
of
the
slides.
For
the
sake
of
time,
we
can
get
back
to
them
later,
move
on
next
slide,
sir
yeah.
So
what
we're
going
to
talk
about
here?
What
are
these
waste
emissions
we're
talking
about
specifically
the
oil
and
gas
sector?
Why
do
they
matter
and
I'll
get
into
a
little
bit
about
this
prototype?
C
We
developed
under
a
hyperledger
challenge
that
started
in
2022
on
using
this
blockchain
carbon
accounting
project.
Next
slide,
I'm
one
kind
of
detail
of
this
slide,
but
we're
talking
about
different
pathways
for
decarbonizing
and
this
concept
of
a
circular
carbon
economy.
The
idea
that
there's
demand
side
management,
supply,
side
management,
we're
really
talking
about
issues
on
the
supply
side,
really
upstream,
the
oil
gas
industry,
and
how
do
we
reduce
emissions,
for
example,
during
the
extraction
of
oil
gas
next
slide.
C
So
yeah
there
are
different
sources
of
emissions
by
the
oil
and
gas
industry,
there's
their
own
use
of
primary
and
refined
fuels.
But
what
we're
looking
at
again
are
this
wasted
resource
that
I
was
illustrating
that
figure
the
vented
and
flared
gas
next
slide
yeah.
So
what
is
this
unutilized?
Methane?
Yes,
well
methane,
as
some
of
us
may
know,
is
a
much
stronger,
glo
greenhouse
gas
than
say
co2.
C
It
can
be
up
to
100
times
stronger
than
co2
on
a
gwp
scale
over
20
years
over
a
longer
period
of
100
years,
it's
going
to
go
down
to
28,
but
it's
significantly
higher.
So
that's
just
for
leak.
Methane.
Now,
there's
also
the
problem
of
flaring
where
the
gas
is
put
into
this
big
stack
that
some
people
have
they've
seen
in
a
refinery
known
gas
field
where
the
gas
is
basically
flared
and
most
of
it
converted
into
co2.
C
Now
this
is
done
both
for
safety
reasons,
but
a
majority
is
routinely
just
because
there's
no
infrastructure
to
take
that
gas
and
sell
it
right
to
actually
put
into
the
market
and
if
you're
not
able
to
use
that
gas,
then
basically
you
have
to
produce
more
gas
to
you
know
because
of
this
waste,
so
we're
trying
to
look
at
ways
to
optimize
reduce
the
waste
so
that
we
can
minimize
oil
gas.
Well,
the
amount
of
oil
gas
needs
to
produce
well
and
gas
is
an
important
commodity.
C
C
Of
the
problem
well,
there's
around
270
billion
cubic
meters,
so
you're
better
off
of
gas,
natural
gas
wasted
by
the
industry.
Now
this
is
around
60
billion
dollars
in
market
value,
accounting
for
the
five-year
average
prices.
You
know
on
an
average
five-year
price
of
of
of
the
commodity.
That's
seven
percent
of
global
gas
consumption
60
of
consumption
in
the?
U-
and
it
represents
more
than
what
you
imports
from
russia.
C
It's
lost
each
year
because
it's
just
wasted
on
an
emissions
scale,
that's
1.3
billion
cars
and
almost
it
can
exceed
depending
on
you
know,
the
gwp.
You
apply
the
global
warming
potential,
more
than
five
percent
of
global
emissions
that
we
could
solve.
There
are
solutions
that
exist
to
get
this
problem
rectified
in
the
short
term.
So
over
the
next
you
know
10
year,
investment
cycle
thanks
a
lot.
C
No,
you
know
what
that's
okay,
I
mean.
The
slide
here
is
just
to
say
the
oil
gas
we
made
in
the
future
energy
mix
was
talking
about
it's
not
going
away
overnight.
I
won't
go
into
detail
on
this
slide.
The
same
the
next
one
we
can
just
skip
over.
This
is
just
talking
about
the
scale
of
the
problem.
So
there's
the
two
flaring
leakage.
C
B
C
Leak,
there's
direct
venting,
so
this
is
gas
that
companies
are
just
releasing
from
pipelines
and
wells
because
they
can't
do
anything
with
it
and
there's
different.
You
know
sources
of
flaring
right
so
either
routine
or
or
or
non-routine.
Some
of
it
can
be
recovered
at
no
net
cost
which
I'll
talk
about
in
the
next
slide.
If
we
can
just
move
on
to
yeah,
so
the
what's
the
abatement
potential
for
this
methane
problem,
so
the
iaea
has
put
together
some
very
value,
useful
resources
that
looks
at
the
problem
across
different
industries.
C
Agriculture
is
a
major
source.
Of
course
energy
is
the
other
other
one,
and
if
you
look
specifically
at
the
oil
and
gas
industry,
71
of
just
the
methane,
that's
being
leaked,
has
abatement
solutions
and
41
of
that
can
be
avoided
can
be
abated,
with
no
net
cost.
And
what
do
I
mean
by
no
net
cost?
Well
move
on
to
the
next
slide
and
I'll
just
give
you
a
figure.
What
we're?
What
we're
showing
here,
this
very
colorful
figure
shows
a
variety
of
different
technologies
that
can
be
used
to
avoid
meeting
methane
venting
methane
leakage.
C
Now
it
shows
the
cost
of
these
technologies,
but
scaled
or
adjusted
based
on
the
five
year
average
moving
average
natural
gas
prices,
so
the
gray
shaded
area
basically
shows
all
the
technologies
accounting
for
the
price
of
the
gas
that
could
be
captured
right.
What
the
value
of
that
to
the
market
so
actually
there's
no
net
cost
in
these
solutions.
Everything
on
the
on
the
right
of
this
figure
are
other
technical
basis,
solutions
that
would
require
some
cost,
even
accounting
for
the
revenues
from
capturing
that
that
me
thing.
So
there
is
a
commercial
opportunity
here.
C
C
So
one
of
the
major
elements
of
the
measuring
economy
is
regulatory
oversight,
but
also
some
lighter
voluntary
action
that
takes
sort
of
measurement
data
about
methane
emissions
and
helps
industry
do
or
helps.
You
know,
stakeholders
do
something
about
it
that
things
like
severing
taxes
and
or
direct
emission
taxes
on
methane,
but
also
a
body
of
international
pledges
and
partnerships
to
address
the
problem.
C
Another
interesting
area,
these
competitive
markets,
for
what
people
are
calling
emission
performance
certificates,
so
the
concept
of
responsibly
source
gas,
so
so
gas
that
is
mined
with
this
minimum
amount
of
leakage
or
waste,
and
also
the
space
of
esg
environmental,
social
and
governments
investing.
I
was
looking
at.
How
do
we
impact
the
access
to
and
costing
capital
for
sustainable
projects
next
license.
C
Yeah,
so
looking
at
the
oil
and
disc
waste
missions,
what
is
the
industry
doing
if
you
move
on
yeah?
So
I
talked
a
bit
about
some
of
these
voluntary
commitments
to
reducing
methane.
There's
a
variety
of
pledges,
the
methane
methane,
the
global
methane
pledge
that
was
organized
by
several
governments
and
was
announced
during
the
last
cop
climate
meeting
in
glasgow
this
year,
the
world
bank
has
a
zero
routine
flaring
initiative
to
help
the
companies
listed
in
the
middle
of
this.
C
This
slide
to
set
targets
to
reduce
their
flaring
operations
and
investors
are
stepping
up.
There
was
something
called
the
series
methane
call
which
brought
in
168
institutions
with
operating
more
than
six
trillion
assets.
To
look
at
solving
this
problem
next
slide
now,
sherwood,
you
know
touched
on
this.
This
issue
in
the
beginning
of
the
presentation
there's
this
issue
of
a
very
fractured
data
landscape.
How
do
we
manage
all
these
different
data
sources
and
stakeholders
in
the
supply
chain?
C
Like
I
mentioned,
we've
got.
You
know
different
government
as
well
as
multinational
international
organizations
working
on
the
problem,
there's
a
huge
amount
of
company
data,
that's
self-reported
at
the
corporate
level,
but
also
an
increasing
number
of
third-party
instrumentation
and
certification
services
to
address
the
problem
and
moving
on
to
global
global
observation
technologies,
including
satellite
systems,
for
detecting
the
problem.
Now,
how
can
we
leverage
this
data
in
this
measurement
economy?
Next
slide,
please
quickly
through
this.
C
This
is
just
talking
to
some
of
these
satellite
mapping
tools,
so
one
is
for
flaring
specifically
looking
at
visual
flaring
data
from
space
next
slide.
Another
is
methane
detection
tools
so
using
satellites
to
detect
methane
leakage.
Another
range
of
satellites
coming
out
next
slide.
Please
so
now
what
is
the
oil
and
gas
industry
doing?
What
is
their
part
of
participation.
B
C
C
Know
it's
it's
a
valuable
approach
now,
there's
a
lot
of
challenges.
Regulation
is
often
lacking,
specifically
in
the
methane
emission
space.
There's
just
not
enough
enforcement,
and
also
there
are
studies
that
shown
that
regulators
such
as
the
epa
in
the
u.s,
have
underestimated
emissions
by
industry
by
significant
amounts
up
to
60
percent
carbon
taxes.
C
Don't
really
cover
methane
emissions
to
the
scale
that
they
need
to
have
an
impact,
and
this
idea
of
several
taxes,
which
requires
companies
to
pay
tax
on
the
fuel
that
they
extract
from
the
ground,
often
doesn't
cover
the
waste
of
meat
things
so
the
resources
wasted
which
so
there's
you
know
that
missing
incentive
to
say.
Okay
well
get
rid
of
this
problem.
This
waste
next
slide,
please.
C
So
one
of
the
ways
to
sort
of
bridge
the
gaps
in
regulation
are
these
early
movers
in
this
idea
of
sustainable
commodity
markets.
So
this
is
creating
certificates
for
responsibly
sourced
gas
and
methane
or
methane
performance
certificates
that
essentially
create
a
premium
or
target
premium
onto
commodity
markets,
and
just
as
an
example,
the
rsg
certificate
trading
of
our
rst
certificates
is
adding
one
to
two
percent.
C
Expected
to
to
increase
beyond
that
so
yeah
like
I
said
this
can
help
to
fill
gaps
in
regulation,
but
there's
a
need
for
greater
integration
with
institutional
monitoring
and
oversight.
So
this
is
where
the
next
slide
is.
So
this
is
where
we
get
into
the
institutional
esg,
investing
space
or
investor
space
and
specifically,
the
emerging
of
these
concepts
known
as
kpi
based
financial
instruments.
So
these
are
instruments,
like
I
mentioned
earlier,
that
basically
factor
in
performance
improvements
or
performance
metrics
by
saying
gas
producer
into
their
access
and
also
cost
of
capital.
C
So
there
are
two
standard
instruments:
sustainability
linked
loans
and
sustainability,
linked
bonds,
and
these
can
be
used
to
vary
interest
rate
margins
from
five
to
ten
percent.
Now
the
only
difference
between
slv
and
ssl,
or
some
of
the
difference
is
that
slb
is
a
little
less
flexible
and
only
is
applied
on
the
dow
side.
C
C
C
Loans
as
they
exist
today
are
bonds
have
been
shown
to
fail
to
charge
corporation
for
mixed
goals.
Now
there
are
a
lot
of
challenges
with
getting
these
instruments
in
place.
They
can
be
very
capital
and
labor
intensive
and
there's
a
need
to
improve
metrics
to
be
monitoring
the
industries
that
scale
to
make
these
products
works.
These
products
work
and
to
actually
have
an
impact
on
access
to
a
cost
of
capital.
Next
slide.
C
Yeah,
so
what
have
we
been
working
on
to
try
and
solve
help
solve
these
problems?
So,
like
I
mentioned
earlier,
we've
been
working
on
this
prototype
submission
under
this
hyperledger
challenge:
2022
challenge
for
issuing
emissions
certificates
in
a
fuel
supply
chain.
Looking
at
this
problem
of
claim,
review,
revise,
verify
and
certify
information
for
the
measurement
economy.
Next
slide.
C
So
what
we've
been
doing
is
building
on
top
of
this
hyperledger
labs
project
called
the
blockchain
carbon
accounting
project,
which
provides
this
public
good
for
climate
action
for
a
variety
of
stakeholders
that
participate
in
this
idea
of
a
measurement
economy.
So
obviously
we
have
the
producers
and
consumers
of
energy
commodities.
C
So
what
we're
working
on
within
this
project
is
the
idea
of
programmable
contracts
for
managing
carbon
emissions.
Now,
for
those
of
you
that
aren't
familiar
with
this
concept
of
a
smart
contract,
essentially,
it's
just
a
pro
programming,
a
traditional
contract
that
can
be
executed
within
a
distributed
network
like
a
blockchain,
so
you've
got
several
different
parties
in
the
contractor
and
say
your
oil
and
gas
producer,
your
consumer
investor
or
regulator,
and
a
blockchain
where
this
contract
is
deployed.
C
So
looking
at
nominating
voting,
selecting
and
even
rating
auditors
that
are
used
in
the
sort
of
standard
setting
and
verification
agencies
and
doing
this
using
the
concept
of
a
decentralized
autonomous
organization,
so
using
a
doubt
to
facilitate
these,
this
audited
verification
process,
but
also
creating
contracts,
the
second
one
for
emissions,
certification
and
allocation.
So
this
is
issuing
tokens
that
can
be
used
to
track
waste
emissions
and
commercial
transactions
next
slide.
C
So
what
does
the
business
model
look
like?
So
we
have
all
of
these
stakeholders.
We
have
these
two
contracts,
so
there
are
emission
verification
contracts
for
this
so-called
auditor
dao,
where
services
for
industry,
our
or
data
for
industry,
is
pooled
and
matched
to
auditors
that
can
provide
verification
services.
Then
this
feeds
into
these
certificate
contracts,
where
we
have
mission
tokens
even
non-fungible
tokens
and
represented
as
digital
assets
that
can
be
used
in
the
measurement
economy.
With
you
know,
the
consumers
and
investors
and
even
regulators
next
slide.
C
Now
there
there's
a
lot
going
on
in
this
architecture,
but
three
basic
components,
and
these
are
sort
of
highlighted
at
the
bottom
of
the
slide.
So
on
the
far
left,
we've
got
this
idea
of
data
aggregation
and
management.
So
I
talked
about
all
these
different
data
sources.
You
know
the
fractured
data
landscape,
so
essentially,
what
we're
doing
here
is
building
tooling
within
the
digital
electric
technology
space,
to
facilitate
how
this
data
is
managed,
whether
it's
coming
from
sources
from
the
web,
mobile,
instrumentation
or
even
remote.
C
You
know
remote
sensors
like
satellites
from
space
as
well
as
enter
enterprise,
resource
planning
or
erp
data
feeds.
So
this
is,
you
know,
on-site
facility,
measurements
provided
by
industry,
creating
apis,
and
this
idea
of
an
oracle
service
or
services
that
can
bridge
that
data
into
the
next
element
of
this
data
architecture,
and
that
is
emission
verification
and
monitoring
tools.
So.
C
To
auditors,
or
if
you
monitor
them,
but
also
provide
funding,
pools
so
to
match
data
verification
needs
and
to
the
sort
of
they're
willing,
the
the
money
that
they're
putting
forward
to
have
that
data
verified
to
auditors.
So
this
funding
pool
to
match
verification
payments
things
like
verify
verifiable
credentials,
which
are
being
you
know,
growing
space
and
the
the
dlt
innovation
are
obviously
necessary
for
managing
participation
in
endow,
but
also
private
data
channels.
So,
as
sherwood
mentioned,
you
know
this
sort
of
commercial
sensitivity
and
privacy
issues
related
to
how
data
is
used.
C
Now,
the
last
step
is
getting
this
information
verified
into
the
measurement
economy
by
issuing
audit
emission
tokens,
so
these
different
digital
assets
and
they
can
be
used
by
certificate
markets,
the
investors
and
also
regulators
or
voluntary
agreements
for
the
measurement
economy.
Next
slide,
please
yeah.
So
we
talked
about
these
emission
token
applications
tracking
emission
performance
from
producer
consumer.
So
this
is
really
important,
whether
it's
for
voluntary
action
or
also
regulation
sherwood
mentioned
the
idea
of
a
or
the
this
policy
by
the
launched
by
the
eu
government
called
the
carbon
border
adjustment.
C
I've
already
talked
about
voluntary
certificate.
Certification
is
key
to
realizing
value
in
carbon
markets,
creating
this
price
premium
on
commodity
pricing
and,
of
course,
the
kpi
based
financial
instruments
that
I
mentioned
using
the
submission
tokens
to
first
comply
with
reporting
requirements.
This
is
creating
access
to
capital
for
companies
that
are
focused
on
sustainable
production,
but
also
creating
this
idea
of
an
nft
as
an
emissions
certificate
right
that
can
be
surrendered
to
access
preferential
interest
rates,
so
the
cost
of
capital.
A
C
C
C
So
just
talking
about
our
our
mission
certificate
contract
prototype,
we
completed
the
first
stage,
there's
a
demo
video
for
those
that
are
interested
accessible
at
this
link.
Hopefully
we
can
share
these
slides,
so
people
can,
you
know,
filter
through
this
content
of
their
own
needs.
So
you
can
watch
that
video
and
also
the
submission
on
this
wiki
that
was
sent
in
in
may
we're
in
the
next
stage
of
the
project.
C
So
it's
actually
launching
this
as
a
pro
product
that
can
be
used
specifically
by
esg
investors,
so
creating
this
emission
certification
tools
for
informing
esg
decisions
and
we're
even
incorporating
that
into
an
ibm
call
for
code
initiative.
So
we
launched
a
project
to
try
and
invite
developers,
particularly
on
the
front
end,
so
ui
ux
developers
to
to
help
us
get
this.
C
This
sort
of
concept
you
know
to
a
to
a
usable
product,
and
I
invite
anyone
on
this
call
that's
interested
to
look
up
the
call
for
code
and
set
up
account
and
if
you're
interested,
join
our
project
which
is
listed
there
yeah.
So
I
think
that
that
closes
on
my
conver,
my
presentation,
you
want
questions.
I
want
to
ask
questions,
but
we're
happy
to
have
to
answer.
B
B
B
B
One
of
them
is
kind
of
a
marketing
comms
role
to
kind
of
help,
get
the
word
out
about
global
climate
accounting,
and
you
can
find
information
about
it
by
kind
of
clicking
clicking
on
on
our
homepage.
On
this
link.
We're
also
looking
for
research
support
in
stakeholder
analysis
for
the
oil
and
gas,
natural
gas
industry
and
yeah
we'd
love
to
would
love
you
to
kind
of
join.
B
B
C
The
question
is
related
to
you
know
the
different
sort
of
token
types
and
how
would
how
would
you
use
that
for
certification
of
emissions?
So
we've
been
looking
at
what
we've
been
using
from
the
open
zeppelin
group,
their
standards
for
multi-token,
smart
contracts,
where
we
actually
use
a
combination
of
both
non-functional
and
fungible
tokens.
So
when
you're
talking
about
say,
carbon
emissions,
you
could
describe
this
as
a
non-fungible
sort
of
token
right.
C
A
company
emits
different
sources
of
emissions,
all
those
different
emissions
are
fungible,
and
you
have
also
things
like
products
we're
talking
about
oily
gas.
You
can
emit
issue
tokens
which
we're
working
on
doing
for
say
oil
and
gas
to
facilitate
tracking
of
those
commodities
through
a
supply
chain.
Now,
where
emission
non-fungible
tokens
come
into
play
is
where
you
have
an
emission
certificate
which
is
unique
for
a
given
product
project
facility
or
product
which
takes
these
non.
C
So
a
non-functional
token
is
unique
to
a
project
and
can
be
used
as
a
digital
asset.
For
you
know,
adjusting
you
know,
interest
rates
for
that
for
that
project
or
the
the
manager
manager
of
that
project.
So
that's
maybe
to
help
answer
the
question
about
the
standards
that
we're
using
and
how
we're
using
them.
B
But
yeah
I
mean,
I
think,
I'd
also
say
like
they're,
you
know
the
standards
bodies
that
are
out
there.
That's
large,
very
successful
standards
are
being
developed:
greenhouse
gas,
the
ghd
standards,
the
gold
standard.
You
know,
they're,
developing
standards
for
for
kind
of
tracking
and
quantifying
emissions
activity,
there's
also
kind
of
standard
towards
being
done
around
supply
chains
and-
and
so
the
good
news
is
that
we
can
kind
of
build
on
top
of
their
work
and
and
build
those
standards
directly
into
you
know
the
solution
that
we
create.
C
Now
doesn't
touch
specifically
on,
like
the
carbon
credit
or
offsetting
space
like
I
said
it's
primarily
for
performance,
certification,
so
tracking
emission
data.
Now
some
people
will
use
these
certificates
sort
of
in
a
voluntary
context
to
say:
okay,
I
perform
below
an
industry
sort
of
benchmark
emission
performance,
so
I
can
see
this
as
a
credit.
I
don't
see
it
that
way,
but
our
focus
really
is
is
on
that
sort
of
performance
certification,
not.
C
B
Yeah,
I
think
that's
a
really
important
point.
You
know
there
is
a
lot
of
focus
on
trying
to
solve
the
climate
challenge
through
emissions,
certain
essentially
by
renewable
energy
credits,
and
I
you
know
I
I'll
share
kind
of
a
conversation
I
had
with
an
individual
in
the
oil
and
gas
industry,
and
it's
it's
definitely.
You
know
it's
not
how
the
sig
feels,
but
it's
how
I
I
feel
you
know
it's
it's
you
know
it's
the
equivalent
of
like
having
you
know,
credits.
B
You
know
before
he
kind
of
shared
something
that
basically
saying
you
know
when
you
have
kind
of
carbon
credits,
you're
still
burning
the
oil.
You
know
you're
still
kind
of
smoking
the
cigarette,
and
so
we're
really
focused
on
on
really
I'm
developing
a
system.
That's
focused
on
minimizing
the
emissions
that
are
happening
through
our
production
processes.
We
are
trying
to
develop
solution
that
can
really
kind
of
help
bring
financial
incentives
to
reducing
carbon
emissions,
and
I
think
that's
really
critical,
because
the
renewable
energy
credit
market,
it's
a
it's,
a
very
large
market.
B
I
think
that
a
large
focus
is
going
to
very
kind
of
quickly
turn
to
solutions
that
focus
on
reducing
emissions
and
not
you
know
putting
it
on
the
atmosphere
and
buying
renewable
energy
credits.
That's
that's
a,
in
my
opinion,
a
kind
of
a
short-term
solution
to
a
long-term
problem.
We're
focused
on
the
long-term
solution.
C
Choosing
a
you
know,
there's
a
lot
of
talk
about
around
the
environmental
impact,
particularly
carbon
impact
of
blockchains,
like
big
blockchains,
like
bitcoin
and
the
ethereum
network.
Now,
that's
why
a
lot
of
our
sort
of
you
know:
enterprise
data
level
management,
we're
focusing
on
enterprise,
blockchain
solutions
like
hyperledger
fabric.
Now
these
are
permission
private
networks.
They
have
much
lower
decentralization
sort
of
elements
to
them
and
also
they
don't
have
the
same
environmental
impact
as
say
the
bitcoin
network
or
the
bitcoin
right.
You
know
mining
and
all
that
stuff.
C
They
have
different
concession
values
that
are
much
more
environmentally
efficient,
but
we're
also
looking
at
public
networks
which
are
really
important
to
to
to
move
from
the
sort
of
private
industry
data
to
the
you
know:
sort
of
accessible,
transparent,
verified
emission
space.
These
public
networks
that
are
also
more
environmentally
friendly,
hedera
hashgraph,
which
I
mentioned,
is
one
of
the
tech.
The
platforms
that
we're
working
on
deploying
our
solution
that
you
know
is
prioritized
on.
B
C
Yeah,
so
there's
a
lot
of
work
being
done
just
on
industry,
industrial
solutions
for
mrv,
including
digital
mrv,
based
on
blockchain.
So
this
is
really
a
sort
of
data
mining
data
collection
problem.
We
haven't
been
focused
specifically
on
that,
although
we've
been
looking
at,
you
know
the
industry,
solutions
that
exist,
the
data
that
they're
already
collecting
their
erp
systems
and
how
we
can
build
our
tooling
to
facilitate
you
know
bridging
that
into
the
verification
space.
C
Our
work
is
really
focused
on
you
know:
creating
a
dao
verified,
verifiable
credentials
that
are
used
by
the
dow
to
manage
the
business
operations
associated
with
verifying
data
right,
which
is
really
the
work
that
the
standard
setting
bodies
and
verification
agencies
are
doing.
But
it's
really
important
to
understand.
C
Like
you
mentioned
the
data,
the
data
space,
so
whether
it's
independent
data
from
satellites
we've
been
looking
working
talking
closely
with
those
providers,
but
also
the
industry
data
we're
looking
right
now
for
oil
and
gas
companies,
specifically
sme
space
that
have
are
already
collecting
data
about
their
operations.
That
could
be
monetized
in
this
idea
of
a
measurement
economy
right
that
we've
been
talking
about
they're,
not
leveraging
that
yet
the
data
is
there,
it's
just
a
matter
of
how
do
they.
You
know
what
are
the?
B
Yeah
and
if
anybody
on
this
call
as
well
we're
always
on
the
lookout
for
players
in
the
oil
and
natural
gas
space
that
might
be
interested
in
just
having
an
information
informational
interview
where
we're
always
interested
in
kind
of
understanding,
their
pain
points
looking
for
partnerships
for
people
that
are
interested
in
kind
of
prototyping
and
and
kind
of
testing
the
solution
and
I'm
kind
of
kicking
the
wheels
a
little
bit.
So
please
do
let
us
know.
A
C
That
really
I
mean,
like
I
mentioned,
we're
developing
a
variety
of
solutions
which
have
which
deploy
a
variety
of
consensus
mechanisms
right,
hyperledger
fabric
for
use
that
are
more
technical,
savvy
uses,
what's
known
as
the
raft
protocol,
which
is
just
consensus
or
on
across
known
permissions
actors
in
the
system.
So
in
that
case,
that's
very
much.
You
know
how
traditional
esg
proof
works.
Where
you
know
your
actors,
you
there's
trump,
the
providence
of
trust
in
those
actors
is
established.
C
They
may
be
recognizing
entities,
they're
just
recording
this
data
on
a
distributed
network
to
facilitate
the
information
sharing.
Now
you
could
also
have
that
in
a
more
public
network,
where
you
know
proof
of
it
is
the
proof
of
esd
that
you're
talking
about
is
supported
by
additional
distributed.
You
know
consensus
or
you
know
voting.
You
know
through
something
like
a
doubt
where
you
don't
only
have
you
know
these
recognized
companies
that
are
participating
in
permission
chain,
but
you
may
have
you
know.
C
Other
public
entities
like
sustainable
or
environmental
activist
groups,
government
agencies
or
whatever,
whatever
you
have
that
are
participating
in
this
sort
of
proof
of
this-
is
a
trusted
esg
metric.
Now
that's
a
question
of
design.
We
haven't
really
we're
not
dictating
how
companies
will
go
about
the
proof
of
esg.
That's
a
matter
of
working
with
the
industry
and
identifying
what's
suitable
for
the
needs
of
a
given
institutional
investor.
C
So,
if
you're
using
this,
for
example,
in
a
financial
instrument
like
an
sll
or
an
slb
right,
there's
a
financial
institution
that
issues
that,
if
they
decide,
for
example,
set
up
a
sandbox
or
a
box
or
an
innovative
program
that
uses
blockchain
like
the
tools
we're
developing,
they
would
have
to
specify
what
are
the
requirements
that
you
know
that
they
they
they
they
would
set
to.
You
know
use
a
product
like
that,
this
sort
of
digital
asset
to
operate.
C
You
know
an
agreement
on
how
an
sll
like
interest
rates
in
an
sll
are
determined.
They
may
not
be
comfortable
using
a
public
network
for
that
initially,
the
benefits
that
can
be
the
benefits
of
that
approach
can
be
difficult.
You
know
for,
for
a
you,
know,
big
institutional
investor,
to
hop
on
hop
onto.
We
believe
that
decentralization
can
add
a
huge
amount
of
value
in
that
sort
of
verification
process,
but
there
may
need
to
be
sort
of
enterprise,
private
or
permission
solutions
avails
to
the
institutional
investors
early
on
so
yeah.
B
This
is
a
question:
qualifi
qualification
criterion,
assurance
processes
for
carbon
verification
exist.
How
will
blockchain
improve
or
enable
this
key
element?
I
mean,
I
think,
at
a
very
high
level,
the
the
the
idea
is
to
digitize
these
processes
to
automate
these
processes,
and
that's
essentially,
what
you
know:
blockchain
along
with
oracle's
and
iot
and
smart
contracts
are,
are
developed
to
do
you
know,
instead
of
making
it
a
manual
process.
When
you
have
somebody
walking
around
checking
things
and
updating,
you
know
excel
sheet
spreadsheet.
B
C
Yeah,
no,
I
mean
it's
an
element
I
just
to
build
on
what
lolin
is
mentioning
here.
Yeah
I
mean
there
are
existing
agencies,
these
sort
of
criteria,
processes
that
are
already
in
place,
and
it's
really
important
any
benefit
that
a
blockchain
can
add
to
what
exists
already
has
to
build
on
the
sort
of
trust,
networks
and
trust
layer
that
exist
in
the
real
world.
Now,
what
we're
talking
about,
like
sherwood
mentioned,
was
automating
some
of
these
business
process.
C
C
These.
These
are
still
early
stage
markets,
there's
a
lot
of
market
friction
and
even
onboarding
challenges
and
cost
barriers
for
small
players
to
get
involved,
and
we
see
dlt
as
a
way
of
helping
to
bring
down
some
of
those
barriers
and
help
these
markets
scale.
You
know,
as
you
know,
to
to
address
these
problems
in
a
in
a
more
urgent
way
or,
to
you
know,
implement
these
solutions.
B
Okay,
well,
I'm
not
seeing
any
further
questions.
We
will
work
with
chris
to
to
share
this
presentation
with
you.
We'll
also
include
information
and
warmly
invite
you
to
to
attend
our
next
hyperledger
climate
character
and
accounting
general
meeting
meet
some
of
the
different
players
learn
about
some
of
the
different
projects
they're
being
worked
on.
I
want
to
thank
everybody
so
much
for
your
time
and
interest.
We
had
a
a
really
great
participation.
B
C
I
think
yeah
I
think
of
that
I
mean
I've
always
enjoyed
these
meet
up
present
these
meet-up
activities
and
it's
great
to
participate
in
one
and
please.
I
know
anyone
who's
interested
in
learning
more.
Hopefully,
we
can
share
the
presentation
with
the
group
and
please
reach
out
and
let
us
know
you
know
your
interest
and
if
you'd
like
to
participate
in
some
of
our
ongoing.
You
know
tech,
tech,
development
exercises
or
you
know,
just
communication
and
sort
of
management
operations.
Thank
you.
A
B
B
C
C
A
Yeah,
I
will
share
it
actually
with
you.
There
is
an
application,
name
is
hand
cash
and,
through
that
hand,
cash
everybody
can
purchase
bsv
and
it's
like
a
decentralized
hand.
Cash
is
something
like,
let's
say,
marketing
company
of
bitcoin
s3
ba
3,
and
you
can
send
this
psv.
To
this
hand,
cash
application
to
your
friend
within
a
second
and
with
very,
very
low
transaction
fee.
You
can
just
try
it
out
yeah.