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From YouTube: Interoperability among Blockchains
Description
A virtual meetup hosted by Hyperledger Frankfurt on December 17, 2021 featuring Vikas Pandey speaking about interoperability among blockchains. Blockchain and DLT projects are growing at lightning speed today introducing numerous consensus, architecture, and protocols leading to disparate data models. Blockchain interoperability ( cross-chain) is becoming more of a necessity today than an innovation. Cross-chain allows interoperability across multiple blockchains using different data models amongst their networks. Some of the areas where it has made huge steps are payments, asset management, supply chain, among others.
More about the meetup is at: https://www.meetup.com/Hyperledger-Frankfurt/events/281654455/
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A
Okay,
you
were
live
excellent,
so
welcome
everybody.
I
think
this
is
the
last
event
of
this
year
and
I'm
happy
to
have
because
as
the
presenter,
but
we
have
a
very
simple
agenda
here,
I'll
take
a
couple
of
minutes
introducing
vikas
before
I
give
him
the
mic
to
get
to
the
meat
of
the
matter
and
the
interesting
presentation
he
has
for
us,
it's
about
the
interoperability
of
blockchains.
I'm
sure
you
know
that
already,
so
I
probably
need
a
couple
of
minutes
I'll
give
the
mic
to
vikka.
A
B
Thanks
david
and
mithan
for
the
kind
introduction
good
morning
good
afternoon
and
good
evening
to
everyone,
depending
on
where
you're
based,
I'm
not
sure,
if
we'll
cover
the
whole
50
minutes
of
the
talk,
because
it's
a
big
topic
and
I've
tried
to
keep
it.
Some
technical
and
some
business
focused
we'll
see
how
it
goes.
But
if
you
have
more
time
we'll
we'll
do
some
brainstorming
question
and
answer
session
at
the
end.
B
B
What
is
it?
What
is
the
importance
of
cross
chain?
That's
another
topic
we'll
cover
and
what
are
the
different
ways
we
could
achieve
interoperability
that
can
get
a
bit
technical,
but
we'll
still
try
to
keep
it
a
business
technical
than
core
technical
and
then
we'll
also
talk
about
some
notable
initiatives
of
how
different
blockchain
projects
are
currently
trying
to
solve
the
problem
of
interoperability
and
the
benefit
that
it
brings
right.
So
what
is
the
reason
we
want
to
achieve
interoperability
in
these
blockchain
projects?
B
B
So,
let's
start
with
the
the
introduction.
Why
do
we
need
it?
So
what
we
have
seen
last
five
or
six
years
is
that
that
there
has
been
a
lot
of
blockchains
that
are
exploding,
so
there
are
blockchains
that
are
based
on
ethereum.
There
are
blockchains
that
are
based
on
hyperledger.
We
also
see
at
least
half
at
least
a
dozen
of
projects
in
hyperledger
our
blockchain
projects.
Currently
we
also
see
a
lot
of
non-hyperledger
and
non-ethereum
blockchain
projects
that
are
launched
every
every
quarter.
So
what
has
happened
is
all
these
blockchains.
B
They
have
their
own
ledger.
They
store
the
data
in
the
different
formats
and
they
also
perform
these
transactions
in
different
ways.
So
in
terms
of
the
data
structures
that
the
store
is
also
very
different.
Also,
the
amount
of
data
that
these
different
blockchains
can
process
varies
at
a
very
different
degree.
For
example,
there
are
certain
blockchains
that
can
process
50
transactions,
but
there
are
others
that
can
process
50
000
transactions,
so
there
are
also
different
networks
and
blockchains
that
are
designed
for
specific
use
cases.
B
Another
reason
is
also
the
speed
of
development.
There
are
different
kind
of
blockchains
that
are
being
developed
with
different
protocols,
different
technology
stacks,
and
that
is
why
the
whole
reason
of
the
ability
to
communicate
across
blockchains.
Hence
the
interoperability
problem,
needs
to
be
solved
as
soon
as
we
can
otherwise
we'll
end
up
in
a
situation.
What
we
saw
with
the
old
erp
systems
that
a
lot
of
the
systems
talk
are
in
unable
to
talk
to
each
other
and
they
work
in
their
own
silos.
B
B
B
They
have
their
own
way
of
writing
a
transaction
scheme.
They
have
their
own
way
of
storing
data,
they
have
their
own
way
of
processing
this
this
data
and
also
the
structure
of
the
data
that
is
used.
The
data
structures
are
different
and
that
creates
a
silo
as
we,
as
we
already
heard,
and
these
silos
do
not
help
in
transforming
or
in
transferring
value
of
data
from
one
system
to
the
other,
and
these
different
blockchain
platforms
also
have
their
different
smart
contracts
and
also
oftentimes.
B
B
We
spoke
about
consensus
protocols.
I
think
most
of
us
know
about
the
proof
of
work,
the
classic
blockchain
consensus
protocol.
There
is
proof
of
authority,
there
are
proof
of
stakes,
vfts,
pbfts
and
and
half
a
dozen
of
them,
so
these
also
limit
the
possibility
to
form
interconnections
between
various
blockchain
networks.
B
B
It
is
also
the
possibility
to
seamlessly
view
and
transact
data
across
various
blockchain
networks.
So
today,
if
a
certain
blockchain,
transacts
or
stores
data
in
a
certain
format-
and
it
has
to
be
transferred
to
a
different
format,
then
it
has
to
go
through
the
entire.
As
you
call
it
extract,
transform
and
load
or
extract
load
and
transform
process
which
creates
intermediaries
so
that,
in
a
way
defeats
the
whole
purpose
of
creating
a
blockchain
network
which
was
created
with
the
intention
of
peer-to-peer
networking
instead
of
having
intermediaries
in
between
one
more
definition
is.
B
It
also
provides
the
ability
to
share
and
exchange
tokens
across
these
blockchain
networks.
What
you'll
also
observe
if
you
have
been
into
the
blockchain
space
for
a
while
that
there
are
a
multitude
of
tokens
depending
upon
their
value,
their
packing
mechanisms,
the
wallets
on
which
these
tokens
are
stored?
So
that
also
creates
a
lot
of
variety,
but
also
challenges
in
interoperability.
B
So,
in
general,
all
of
these
blockchain
projects
that
we
talk
about,
they
have
one
common
goal.
They
want
to
create
a
decentralized
network
which
is
not
limited
to
one
blockchain,
but
multiple
blockchain
networks.
What
it
means
is
like,
if
I,
if
I
have,
if
my
blocking
platform
has
the
ability
to
communicate
with
other
blockchain
networks,
then
I
can
transfer
the
value,
the
tokens,
the
data
and
also
the
protocol
communication
across
these
blockchain
networks,
seamlessly.
B
B
So
if
you
want
to
transfer
tokens
across
these
two
systems,
it
is
already
pre-cooked
into
the
logic
of
the
different
networks,
and
that
is
something
that
doesn't
have
to
be
recoded
again.
So
it's
there's
no
reinventing
of
the
wheel.
In
that
case,
these
two
systems
can
work
seamlessly
when
it
comes
to
the
tokens
and
creating
an
communication
between
these
two
networks.
B
Another
topic
is
also
the
integration
and
exchange
of
logic
and
tokens.
So
a
lot
of
smart
contracts
are
the
law
of
the
business
logic
that
has
been
automated
in
code,
so
think
of
two
different
blockchain
networks,
where
the
logic
is
stored
in
one
certain
way
in
one
network
and
completely
different
in
the
other
network.
So
that
is
also
something
that
has
to
be
translated
like
two
languages
so
that
they
can
communicate
with
each
other
in
a
more
seamless
manner.
B
If
we
could
get
a
common
wallet
which
can
store
all
the
possible
tokens,
then
the
user
experience
is
increased
to
a
very
large
extent,
economies
of
scale
of
transactions
and
most
of
the
layer,
one
solutions
that
they
call
as
they
call
it
like
ethereum,
for
example,
they
have
challenges
with
with
scaling
up
number
of
transactions
also
because
they
have
a
larger
number
of
nodes.
For
example,
200
000,
plus
nodes
validated
nodes
before
a
transaction
can
complete
so
with
crossteen
technology.
B
You
can
also
achieve
what
they
call
as
layer,
1,
plus
or
layer
2
solutions,
that's
it
on
the
main
main
chain,
and
then
higher
transactions
and
throughput
can
be
achieved
with
that,
and
that
also
covers
the
third
aspect,
which
is
the
technical
scaling
part
of
the
blockchains,
which
is
not
only
in
terms
of
transactions,
but
also
the
number
of
blocks
that
can
be
created.
A
number
of
nodes
and
change
that
can
be
spinned
up
at
multiple
locations.
B
Cross
chain
also
provides
a
big
bridge
between
these
isolated
systems.
So
what
we
also
see
is
most
of
these
systems.
They
have
a
different
way
of
communication
with
cross
chain.
You
can
bridge
you
can
create
a
bridge,
that's
also
something
that
we'll
see
across
these
different
blockchains,
but
also
with
the
main
chain.
So
crosstain
also
helps
in
facilitating
bridge
based
solutions
for
side
chains
and
also
what
you'll
see
as
a
multi
chains
of
parachains.
B
So
how
does
the
cross
chain
help
in
interoperability
so
cross
chain
helps
like
we
understood
so
far?
It
helps
in
enabling
the
exchange
of
value
and
information
between
various
networks,
so
the
data
that
we
that
we
gather
from
the
main
chain
to
the
cross
chains
or
to
the
side
chains
as
well
as
we
can
call
it.
B
This
data
can
be
seamlessly
interpreted
between
these
chains,
which
always
go
and
connect
to
the
main
chain,
or
sometimes
you
can
also
choose
to
create
a
completely
separate
chain
out
of
it,
which
is
the
parrot
chain
we'll
talk
about
it
later
and
hence
it.
It
is
easier
to
exchange
the
value
of
information
and
the
data
that
we
get
out
of
these
blockchains.
B
It
provides
a
layer
to
scale
the
transactions
on
networks,
so
we
spoke
about
layer
1,
which
is
like
ethereum
main
net,
for
example,
so
it
with
the
help
of
these
cross
chains
or
side
chains.
We
can
also
scale
the
transactions
and
the
number
of
blocks
that
we
can
create
per
second
and
hence
a
higher
throughput,
but
it
also
lowers
the
gas
fee
so
as
compared
to
the
layer,
1
solutions
or
the
main
net
solutions
which
has
200
000
plus
validated
nodes
in
case
of
cross
chains.
B
B
So
what
we
also
will
see
with
the
the
benefit
of
cross
chain
is
that
business
will
not
have
to
talk
to
only
one
client.
The
business
can
talk
to
multiple
networks
with
multiple
clients.
So
if
today,
if
a
particular
blockchain,
which
is
not
interoperable
in
nature,
is
running
on
a
certain
network,
it
it
will
go
to
its
client
talk
to
the
network
and
every
other
clients
has
to
communicate
with
the
network.
B
What
you'll
also
see
is
that
the
companies
will
be
able
to
transact
with
clients
from
compatible
blockchains,
so
there
are
also
a
lot
of
compatibility
benefits
that
will
get
out
of
cross
chain.
For
example,
compatibility
in
the
world
of
evm
or
non-uvm
based
solutions
is
something
that
that
has
gained
a
lot
of
ground.
In
the
last
few
months,
we
see
a
lot
of
blockchain
solutions
that
want
to
be
evm
compatible
by
design,
for
example,
to
adhere
or
to
cater
to
a
larger
blockchain
project.
B
So
what
we'll
also
see
is
the
value
transmission,
so
the
blockchain
compatibility
will
also
help
in
effective
value
transmission
across
these
blockchains.
So
it's
it's
not
only
just
the
data
that
can
be
efficiently
exchanged
between
these
two
blockchain
networks,
but
also
the
whole
consensus
and
the
the
protocols
that
can
be
mapped
to
each
other
or
even
shared,
can
help
in
a
better
value
transmission
and
more
optimized
interoperable
solutions.
B
A
B
B
It
also
ensures
total
value,
validity
and
availability
of
every
part
of
the
system,
because
it
is
very
tightly
coupled
to
the
main
chain
as
compared
to
the
plasma
and
the
side
chain
that
we'll
see
later
now,
since
the
shards
are
still
tightly
coupled
with
the
main
chain,
and
also
these
different
shards
are
also
connected
to
each
other.
There's
a
large
quantity
of
data
that
goes
through
before
finality
could
be
achieved
within
the
main
main
chain
or
the
main
net.
B
That's
why
you
will
see
low
throughput
in
terms
of
the
transactions
per
second
or
also
in
terms
of
the
blocks
that
are
created
per
second
in
the
center.
We
see
the
plasma
so
in
plasma.
What
you
see
is
it's.
It
is
a
side
chain
which
doesn't
hold
any
custardy,
and
it
is
also
so
if,
if,
if
there's
an
attack
on
a
plasma,
the
plasma
can
be
killed
by
or
stopped
and
it
still
doesn't
impact
the
main
main
chain.
B
So
plasma
in
that
case
can
sit
on
a
layer,
two
or
layer,
one
plus
solution,
while
still
not
impacting
the
the
main
chain
and
the
new
plasma
can
be
spinned
up.
It
also
accepts
local
fault
because
it
tries
to
limit
all
the
consequences
to
that
particular
side
chain
with
it
within
its
own
plasma.
So
it
comes
from
the
concept
of
how
cells
are
formed
in
the
body.
B
Plasma
is
connected
to
the
cells,
so
it
has
a
very
classic
node
and
vertices
concept.
It's
since
it
is
a
loosely
coupled.
It's
also
easy
to
deploy
because
you're
deploying
a
particular
plasma
and
not
the
entire
set
of
chains
together,
and
then
it's
also
easy
to
iterate
over
a
certain
piece
of
side
chain,
the
plasma
in
this
case
and
do
iterations
and
improvement
on
it
and
then
communicate
it
back
to
the
main
chain.
It
can
also
offer
higher
privacy
like
like.
B
We
saw
in
the
second
point,
because
if
there
are
attacks
it
cannot,
you
can
also
kill
the
plasma
and
then
spin
up
a
new
plasma
and
try
to
run
and
connect
it
to
the
main
chain,
so
side
chains.
So
all
like
I
mentioned
in
the
previous
slide,
all
all
side
chains
can
be.
All
sides
cannot
be
plasma,
but
all
plasmas
are
side
chains.
So
it's
a
subset
so
side
chain.
They
also
have
the
ability
to
agree
on
the
validity
of
a
transaction
very
similar
to
what
you
have
in
plasma.
The
the
difference
is.
B
This
is
a
bit
more
loosely
coupled
as
compared
to
the
shards,
so
this
is
still
connected
to
the
layer.
One
solution
and
has
very
similar
features
like
in
plasma,
so
you
can
have
good
deployments
quicker
iterations.
If
you
want
to
make
any
change,
change
to
a
side
chain
and
sidechain
primarily,
is
suited
for
applications
where
there
are
low
level
security
threats,
whereas
plasma
is
more
for
solutions
where
there
are
requirements
of
higher
privacy.
B
B
What
you
also
see,
apart
from
shards
plasma
and
side
chains,
are
carrot
chains,
so
polka
dot
or
substrate.
The
blockchain
under
the
hood
uses
parachutes,
which
is
which
comes
from
the
parallel
processing
of
chips,
where
you
see
that
the
whole
chain
can
be
split
into
parallel
chains
and
they
run
on
on
their
own
and
also
define
a
certain
scheduling
or
frequency
when
when
they
can
communicate
with
the
main
chain.
So
it's
there
are
these
different
case
running
in
parallel
and
hence
they're
called
parachains?
B
What
you'll
also
see
is
a
multi-chain,
so
that's
an
approach
which
is
being
used
used
by
algorand,
again,
very
similar
to
the
side
chain
or
the
cross
chain
concept
it.
It
is
running
a
separate
chain
which
is
which
is
connected
to
the
main
chain,
and
it
can
again
do
quicker
deployments
and
iterations,
and
it
is
loosely
coupled
for
giving
a
better
throughput
and
higher
transaction
speed.
B
B
Some
of
the
benefits
of
interoperability,
so
now
a
lot
of
these
blockchains
are
working
in
their
own
silos.
I
think
the
the
benefit
that
we
see
with
interoperability,
like
we
also
saw
with
interoperability
in
applications
in
the
past
with
the
web
2.0,
is
that
you
are
able
to
efficiently
share
information
across
these
different
systems
and
hence,
in
this
case
with
interoperability
of
blockchain.
You
can
share
information
among
blockchain
networks.
B
One
special
mention
I
would
like
to
do
here
is
of
gs1.
So
gs1
is
a
is
a
standardization
body
that
is
working
on,
creating
an
interoperability
standards
for
blockchain,
where
they
try
to
build
something
based
on
the
semantics
of
how
you
store
data,
how
you
name
them
and
how
you
could
share
them
so
interoperable.
The
other
benefit
of
interoperability
is
to
also
be
able
to
see
and
access
information
across
various
blockchain
systems.
B
B
I
hear
some
background
noise,
so
another
benefit
of
interoperability
in
blockchain
is
also
communication
across
different
systems.
In
this
case,
like
we
said
earlier,
we
can
communicate
with
ethereum
based
virtual
machines,
but
also
non-evm
machines,
for
example,
solana
and
hyperledger,
to
name
a
few.
B
B
So
if
there
are
seamless
interoperable
blockchains,
that
process
is
also
eliminated
with
the
automation,
efficiency
that
can
be
created,
multi-token
transactions.
So
that
is
also
something
that
are
achieved
by
some
of
the
blockchains.
Today
we
spoke
about
it
earlier,
such
as
pegging
your
ethereum
to
a
bitcoin
or
pegging
your
bitcoin
to
a
fiat
currency
and
then
to
ethereum
or
to
other
tokens,
for
that
example.
B
For
that
matter,
also,
the
concept
of
having
a
single
wallet
system
for
storage
and
trans
transfer
will
create
a
lot
of
value
in
interoperability,
but
also
in
terms
of
security,
the
storage
but
also
the
whole
user.
Experience
can
be
improved
if
there
are
solutions
which
can
provide
a
single
wallet
system.
A
B
B
A
B
B
They
also
have
something
called
as
inter
blockchain
communication
protocol,
which
sends
token
across
these
zones,
so
in
their
intercom
blockchain
communication
protocol.
It
is
more
like
two
different
chains
talking
to
each
other
more
like
creating
a
smart
contract
within
the
within
their
blockchain
to
talk
and
try
and
transform
the
different
tokens
that
are
sent
from
one
zone
to
the
other
zone.
A
B
It's
a
framework
for
building
ethereum
based
compatible
blockchain
networks,
so
it's
evm
compatible
has
a
lot
of
transaction
throughput,
but
it's
also
building
on
a
non-evm
based
blockchain
interoperable
projects.
Currently,
so
they
also
use
a
ethereum
based
protocol,
currently
based
on
a
proof
of
stake
for
exchanging
and
completing
a
transaction.
B
So
some
of
the
other
projects
that
I
could
also
mention
in
terms
of
doing
quite
a
lot
of
work
in
interoperability
are
hyperledger
based
by
itself,
which
is
compatible
with
ethereum
based
solutions
for
for
the
tokens
there
is
interledger
also
gained
a
lot
of
attention.
Last
few
years
we
also
have
onto
chain,
which
is
a
european
union
initiative,
also
very,
very
dynamic
in
nature,
because
what
it
does
is
it
tries
to
build
an
ontology,
which
is
the
way
you
you
define
a
certain
thing
or
the
way
you
call
a
certain
thing.
B
It
is
a
layer
on
top
of
all
these
blockchain
networks
and
based
on
the
ontology,
you
can
define
and
call
or
name
something
which
can
be
reused
across
other
blockchain
networks,
for
example,
ontology
in
this
case
would
be
like
you
all.
The
different
networks
start
calling
a
car
a
car,
then
the
exchange
of
information
becomes
more
easy
and
they
also
try
to
follow
the
gs1
standards
for
interoperability
algorithm
again,
a
very
upcoming
blockchain
project.
B
Some
of
the
use
cases
almost
brings
us
to
the
end
of
the
presentation.
Like
I
said,
we
may
not
be
able
to
cover
the
whole
50
minutes,
but
that's
good,
so
some
few
use
cases
of
interoperability
in
in
blockchain
world,
so
in
the
healthcare
world.
If
today,
if
there
are
projects
where
we
are
storing
the
care
records
on
a
one
blockchain
network,
but
those
catacorts
are
not
being
able
to
share,
on
the
other
other
blockchain
network
being
used
by
different
hospitals
or
different
government
bodies.
B
So
then
the
whole
purpose
of
creating
the
distributed
system
and
storing
the
information
between
these
two
systems
on
blockchain
is
defeated.
Think
of
it,
like
you,
store
the
information
about
care
records
of
a
patient
on
one
blockchain,
and
if
you
have
to
share
it
with
the
different
blockchain
network
by
a
different
hospital
or
a
different
country,
then
the
whole
data
has
to
be
removed
out
of
the
blockchain
and
then
shared
with
the
other
network
so
that
it
can
be
saved
successfully.
B
Also,
if
the
logic
and
the
data
are
more
interoperable,
then
you
also
see
efficient
decision
making
in
the
healthcare
systems,
because
all
these
blockchains
are
connected,
and
you
get
better
view
of
the
different
data
and
the
communication
that
happens
between
these
various
blockchain
networks.
We
spoke
about
user
experience
in
the
past
in
this
case.
If
these
blockchains
have
a
common
wallet
or
common
vault,
then
all
the
information
about
the
patient
can
be
stored
on
his
mobile
phone
with
one
volt
or
one
wallet
instead
of
storing
multiple
wallets
or
walls
for
different
blockchains.
B
A
B
That
we
see
where
you
do
not-
or
you
cannot
completely
trash
the
information
that
you
get
from
a
non-blockchain
based
system
as
compared
to
blockchain
based
systems
in
the
finance
world.
We
also
see
the
use
case
of
multiple
chains
where
different
systems
can
talk
to
each
other
in
terms
of
processing.
B
Larger
number
of
transactions
across
various
banks
also
eliminating
the
middleman.
That
was
one
of
the
classic
use
cases
of
blockchain
from
the
beginning,
but
in
terms
of
interoperability,
then
we
also
eliminate
the
intermediaries
atomic
swaps
we
spoke
spoke
about
it.
If
you
want
to
change
different
currencies
across
blockchains,
then
interoperability
and
atomic
swaps
can
also
benefit
quite
a
lot
from
the
interoperability
initiative
in
this.
B
So,
with
the
interoperability
and
with
side
chains,
economies
of
scale
can
also
be
achieved
with
the
layer,
one
plus
or
layer,
two
solutions
in
the
blockchain
world
supply
chain
very
similar
to
healthcare.
So
with
interoperable
solutions,
you
can
also
create
trust
among
partners
of
the
data
that
comes
into
your
system
and
if
it
is
coming
from
a
verified
or
a
whitelisted
blockchain
that
already
operates
with
your
blockchain
network
seamlessly
and
the
logic
is
pre-cooked.
B
Then
you
get
a
higher
trust
in
the
data
and
the
exchange
that
takes
place,
but
also
the
partners
that
are
on
the
other
blockchain
network.
So
you
can
also
have
like
a
common
know,
your
customer,
or
know
your
business
process
between
multiple
blockchain
networks
with
the
help
of
interoperability,
so
that
creates
extra
thrust,
better
visibility
and
transparency.
B
So
if
we
can
create
a
solution
which
is
interoperable
in
terms
of
storing
common
logs
across
systems,
while
still
putting
labels
on
the
different
blockchain
networks
that
they
are
communicating
with,
that
will
create
extra
visibility,
but
also
transparency
of
the
throughput
and
the
volume
that
you
get
in
different,
multiple
blockchain
networks
in
in
the
government
and
regulatory
area.
As
well,
if
we
spoke
about
plasma
chains,
so
if
you
want
higher
throughput,
while
also
creating
a
more
secure
system,
we
can
use
the
multi
chains
or
parallel
genes,
like
we
discussed
earlier
in
terms
of
e-governance.
B
If
you
want
to
create
frauds,
but
also
want
to
verify
different
different
documents
or
different
identities,
interoperability
will
be
of
huge
importance,
because
what
you
see
today
is
that
european
union
wants
to
build
their
own
blockchain
network,
while,
for
example,
singapore
singapore
government
has
a
totally
different
blockchain
network
in
place,
so
with
interoperability.
This
communication,
data,
sharing
trust
and
verification
can
become
very
seamless
the
course
management
how
the
records
are
stored
across
these
different
government
bodies
within
a
certain
geography,
but
also
across
countries
and
nations.
A
A
A
B
While
in
case
of
side
chains,
so
side
chains
are
not
running
the
entire
entire
node
together,
but
they
are
running
a
part
of
the
nodes
but
still
connected
to
the
main
chain.
So
an
example
of
ethereum
and
polygon
again
that
I
spoke
earlier
is
if
you
are
creating
a
parallel
chain,
you
are
dividing
the
the
main
network
into
multiple
chains
which
can
run
in
parallel,
while
in
case
of
a
side
chain
or
a
plasma
chain.
A
B
Parachutes
that
we
spin
up,
but
also
the
communication
between
these
pyro
chains
and
to
the
main
net
right.
So
indeed,
if
the
parallel
processing
goes
to
an
extent
where
there
are
more
parrot
chains
than
you
would
want
to
handle
in
terms
of
the
transaction
throughput,
then
it
can
indeed
impact
the
overall
throughput
and
that's
also
something
I
recently
observed
with
one
polka
dot
project
where
we
we
anticipated
that
we
could
get
a
throughput
of
68
000
transactions
per
second.
B
B
B
Good
question:
I
don't
think
I
have
a
very
nice
or
right
answer
to
that,
but
I
think
there
are
also
what
we
see
is
called
spear
phishing
approach
where
there
are
trustless
well,
trustless
is
not
the
best
word
to
call
it.
It's
more
like
a
data
being
stored
in
a
classical
databases,
but
you
can
have
a
more
spear
phishing
approach,
where
you're
only
storing
the
information
that
you
want
to
be
secure
and
trustworthy
on
blockchain,
while
all
the
other
records
are
connected
to
the
classical
database
through
pointers.
B
That's
also
a
project
that
we
did
for
one
of
our
american
customers,
where
you
store
all
your
data,
all
your
non
critical
or
non
blockchain
specific
data
in
a
postgres
database.
While
you
can
store
your
data
that
you
want
to
use
for
validation
or
trust
on
blockchain,
and
there
is
a
pointer
that
connects
between
these
two
systems,
while
still
achieving
immutability.
B
A
Yeah
anyway,
so
if
no
other
questions
thanks,
because
for
your
presentation
really
completely
once
looks
like
the
response
has
been
amazing.
If
you
have
a
throw
a
look
at
the
chat,
looks
like
everybody
has
direct
new
insights,
which
is
objective
of
such
webinars.
Great
shout
out
to
you
thanks
for
that.
Thanks
for
sharing
your
presentation
really
compelling
really
awesome
shout
out
to
the
rest
of
the
community
members.