►
Description
A recording of the Hyperledger Trade Finance Special Interest Group's meeting on February 2, 2021. Idowu Akinde, founder of BooleanLabs in Lagos, Nigeria gave us a compelling presentation on the core challenges that await trade finance in Africa, namely the huge gap between offer and demand, and highlighted how enterprise blockchain solutions may step in order to fill in the needs by the local SMEs.
More about the Trade Finance Special Interest Group is at: https://wiki.hyperledger.org/display/TFSIG/
----
Hyperledger – Open Source Blockchain Technologies
Hyperledger is an open source community focused on developing a suite of stable frameworks, tools and libraries for enterprise-grade blockchain deployments.
It serves as a neutral home for various distributed ledger frameworks including Hyperledger Besu, Fabric, Sawtooth, Indy, as well as tools like Hyperledger Avalon, Cactus and libraries like Hyperledger Aries, Ursa. Learn more about Hyperledger projects: https://www.hyperledger.org/use
Case Studies: https://www.hyperledger.org/learn/case-studies
Training & Certification: https://www.hyperledger.org/learn/training
Tutorials: https://www.hyperledger.org/use/tutorials
Webinars: https://www.hyperledger.org/learn/webinars
Events: https://www.hyperledger.org/events
Vendor Directory: https://www.hyperledger.org/use/vendor-directory
Subscribe to the Hyperledger Newsletter: https://www.hyperledger.org/newsletter
Follow-us on Twitter @Hyperledger
Learn about Hyperledger Membership: https://www.hyperledger.org/about/join
#Hyperledger #HyperledgerTradeFinanceSIG #Blockchain
A
Here
you
are,
I
started
the
recording
I'll
go
through
the
linux
foundation
and
trust
policy.
Linux
foundation
meetings
involve
participation
by
industry
competitors
and
is
the
intention
of
the
linux
foundation
to
conduct
all
of
its
activities
in
accordance
with
the
applicable
and
trust
and
competition
laws.
A
If
you
have
questions
about
these
matters,
please
contact
your
company
council
or,
if
you
are
a
member
of
the
linux
foundation,
will
freeze
contact
andrea
of
the
grove
of
the
firm
of
gasoline
at
grove
llp,
which
provides
legal
counsel
to
the
linux
foundation.
Hyperledger
is
committed
to
creating
a
safe
and
welcoming
community
for
all
more
information.
Please
visit
our
hyperledger
code
of
conduct
so
welcome
everybody
to
this
new
missing.
Second,
one
in
row
in
2021
my
pleasure
to
introduce
you
to
my
friend
ido
wakinda
from
lagos,
nigeria.
A
B
I
look
forward
to
many
more
conversations
like
this
I'd
like
to
quickly
say
that
this
is
going
to
be
an
informal
chat.
Excuse
me,
I
probably
need
to
minimize
those
I'd
like
to
say
quickly
that
this
is
going
to
be
an
informal
chat.
It's
going
to
be
more
like
a
like
an
interactive
discussion.
You
know
rather
than
a
a
monologue.
B
The
purpose
and
purpose
of
this
meeting
is
just
to
share
the
share
perspectives
and
discuss
opportunities,
challenges
and,
generally
just
you
know,
take
an
overview.
A
ten
thousand
foot
overview
of
the
trade
finance
landscape
in
africa,
as
well
as
the
efforts
so
far
to
resolve
some
of
those
challenges
through
digitization
aka,
blockchains,
aka
hyperledger,
you
know
so
so
so
that's
pretty
much
I
will
be
discussing
today.
I
have
a
few
slides
here
and
I
will
start
to
share
in
just
a.
B
B
C
C
B
So
so
I
like
to
introduce
myself
as
a
as
a
retired
coffee
junkie,
and
by
that
I
I
referred
to
my
hands-on
technical
programming
days.
I
started
my
career
some
20
years
ago
as
a
programmer
used
to
write
in
languages
that
are
now
called
dinosaur
languages,
but
over
the
years
I
have
evolved
into
something
of
a
product
manager,
sometimes
engineering
manager,
sometimes
vp
architects.
Sometimes
you
know
at
the
end
of
the
day,
someone
who
manages
your
techniques
and
who
serves
as
a
bridge
between
business
people
and
tech
people.
B
B
B
I
have
lived
and
grown
here
all
of
my
life,
I'm
about
40
years
old
and
I
I
kind
of
know
that
there
are
different
aspects
to
africa.
Okay,
there
are
the
they
are,
the
really
really
really
hard
hits
and
hardly
and
seriously
affected
regions,
and
then
there
are
the
other
parts
of
africa
that
are,
quite
frankly,
in
my
opinion,
some
of
the
most
beautiful
places
on
this
planet
and
I
think
I've
been
around
40
minutes,
but
you
know
I
think
I've
been
beyond
sure
quite
a
bit.
B
So
it's
it's
always
interesting
for
me,
especially
at
opportunities
like
this
to
throw
up
the
word,
or
rather
throughout
the
question,
what
do
people,
what
image
comes
up
in
people's
minds?
So
andrea
jillian?
I
don't
know
if
this
is
intended
with
the
format
of
this
meeting,
but
can
we
just
get
a
few
feedback
from
audience
about
what
the
word
africa
conjures
before
I
go,
I
mean
probably
within
30
seconds
or
one
minute.
B
C
C
B
Thank
you
very
much
all
right
anyone
else
and
in
three
seconds,
if
there's
no
one
else,
I'll
just
go
okay,
so
often
fine.
Thank
you.
Thank
you.
For
that
perspective.
What
I
often
find
with
conversations
like
this
is
that
people,
usually
probably
the
most
common
image
right
that
people
associate
with
with
with
africa,
is
the
well
you
know
is
that
place
that
has
the
least
modern
civilization,
modern
civilization
or
modern,
civilized
infrastructure
in
place.
B
B
Okay
and-
and
it's
entirely
a
matter
of
perspective,
the
fact
that
millions
of
people
do
not
have
access
to,
for
instance,
electricity,
which
is
basic
in
every
other.
Well,
almost
every
other
part
of
the
world
is
actually
an
opportunity
for
whomever
wants
to
volunteer
to
take
up
the
challenge
to
solve
the
you
know,
problem
of
electricity
reason
I
repeat,
for
identity
management
rings
and
repeat
for
intercontinental
trade
transit
repeat
for
e-commerce
logistics
and
all
sorts
of
things.
B
Okay,
so
that's
where
that's
where
I
come
in,
okay
and
I'd
like
to
show
us
a
few
examples
of
how,
when
we
do
sailing
to
trade
finance.
Specifically,
we
see
how,
even
though
they
look
like
challenges,
they're
actually
opportunities,
because
there
are
problems
that
are
very,
very
solvable,
given
the
tools,
the
technology
tools
that
are
available
in
you
know
in
2021
all
right,
the
last
one
I
want
to
say
there
is
think
about
it.
B
B
All
right,
okay!
So
if
you
look
at
it's
often
said
in
global
trade
forums
and
discussions
that
africa
alone
contributes
less
than
five
percent
of
global
trade
volumes.
You
know
and
a
few
reasons
you
know
the
experts,
a
few
reasons
have
been
thrown
off
for
that
one
of
them
being
low
productive
capacity,
as
we
said,
there's
no
infrastructure
and
therefore
there's
no
production.
You
know
we
like
we
essentially
literally
skipped
out
on
the
industrial
revolution.
That's
just
what
it
is.
Even
agriculture
that
is
just
starting
to
wake
up.
B
Many
people
are
just
trying
to
break
up
to
mechanization
and
farming
and
stuff
like
that
and
automation.
The
second
point
is
high
market
access
barriers.
So
it's
usually
quite
difficult
for
local
players,
local
african
players
to
access
global
markets
right
for
all
sorts
of
reasons.
You
know
sometimes
some
of
them
something
protectionist
by
the
destination
regions,
sometimes
some
of
them.
You
know
you
know
as
a
result
of
factors
on
the
continent.
B
B
Okay,
but
there
is
one
question
that
is
usually
not
asked:
okay,
and
that
question
is,
or
rather
I'd,
say,
there's
one
factor
to
the
low,
the
the
abysmally
low
volume
of
trade
finance
that
occurs
in
africa.
That
is
usually
not
reckoned
with,
and
I
and
and
that
single
factor
is
access
to
trade
finance
for,
for
all
sorts
of
reasons,
for
a
myriad
for
a
million
and
one
reasons
it
it
just
is
the
case
that
local
players
on
the
african
continent
have
significant
challenges
accessing
trade
finance.
B
I
don't
want
to
jump
the
gun,
but
as
we
go
on,
I
will
see
how
how
many
of
those
those
things
please
move
on
how
many
of
those
things
are
come
together.
So
this
is
what
I
mentioned
earlier.
The
contribution
is
less
than
five
percent.
You
can
see
how
europe,
asia
and
and
north
america
are
dominated.
Let's
go
next
slide
now,
if
you
consider,
if
you
look
at
the
data,
you
see
you
see
that
you
see
the
trends.
B
The
trend
is
telling
you
that,
generally
speaking,
there's
a
huge
volume
of
trade
that
is
going
on
in
africa.
That
is
not
passing
through
the
banks.
Okay
or
through
the
structured
financing
mechanism,
aka
max
right
so
from
this
data
set
that
I
that
that
we're
using
for
this
discussion,
it's
clear
that
you
know
approximately.
Only
31
of
total
african
trade
was
bank
interrogated.
B
It
essentially
means
that
those
clients
neither
be
neither
the
service
provider
nor
the
service.
Consumers
are
enjoying
bank
finance
or
third-party
financing,
and
what
that
means
is
that
both
of
them
are
paying
out
of
pocket
out
of
pocket
traditionally
automatically
also
point
to
things
like
race.
You
know
and
stuff
like
that.
You
know
lack
of
lack
of
an
opportunity
to
enjoy
the
benefits
of
third
party
finance
and
other
stuff.
So
that's
the
second,
that's
the
second
trend
that
is
observed
with
non-bank,
segregated
trade
finance
in
africa.
Let's
go
on.
B
Percentage
of
trade
finance
transactions,
even
even
those
within
the
banking
navigated
ones
that
are
skilled
towards
a
certain
crop
of
clients.
So
you
see!
So
if
you
look
into
the,
if
you
look
into
the
data,
you
see
that
60
of
the
entire
data
set
for
all
bankings
and
registration
trade
farmers
transactions
are
carried
out
by
the
top
10
banks:
okay,
the
top
10
clients
of
those
banks.
What
that
means
is
that
you
know
it's
a
it's
like
a
it's
like
a
mini
oligopoly
right.
B
You
know
so
essentially
there's
a
huge
percentage
of
enterprises
in
africa
all
over
the
continent
that
are
not
accessing.
You
know
trade
finance
right.
Yes,
a
bank
may
selfishly
say
if
60
of
my
transactions
are
with
these
particular
clients,
parental
principle.
I
will
focus
on
them,
but
that
doesn't
develop.
The
ecosystem
doesn't
develop.
The
entire
continent
doesn't
develop
the
micro,
it
makes
sense
to
them.
Sorry
on
the
macro.
It
makes
sense
on
the
micro,
but
it
doesn't
make
sense
on
the
macro.
B
B
You
know
that
they
don't
have
to
in
a
few
in
a
few,
in
a
few
more
slides,
we'll
see
how
some
of
these
factors,
what
are
the
drivers
behind
these
factors
and
how
we
can
immediately?
Can
we
go
on
please
all
right?
Okay,
so
perhaps
you
know
you
know,
the
most
interesting
slide
here
is
the
is
the
gap?
Okay,
the
opportunity?
B
Essentially
what
that
means
is,
you
know,
like
the
ones
I
mentioned
earlier,
where
either
the
service
provider
or
the
service
consumer,
or
both
of
them
are
paying
out
of
pocket
for
their
expenses.
If
they
have
all
the
eligibility
criteria
to
qualify
for
third-party
financing,
then
why
are
they
doing
that?
That's
the
first
thing
and
another
sub-category
of
that
will
be
those
that
are
not
even
captured
right,
captured
in
the
in
the
in
the
net.
In
the
first
place.
B
Those
are
those
that
don't
even
have
you
know
any
kind
of
relationship
with
with
with
structured
financing
in
the
first
place,
and
then
the
third
category
will
be
on
explored
undiscovered
opportunities,
either
passed
on
because
passed
on
by
by
by
external
parties
that
want
to
transact
from
africa,
but
don't
find
any
trusted
party
or
passed
on
by
by
by
local
players,
because
it
doesn't
look
like
it's
worth
their
an
investment
of
their
time.
Effort
on
one
you
know
so.
B
B
This
is
the
slide
that
talks
about
the
reasons
for
these
these
these
this
guy,
this
huge
gun,
all
right
and
again,
pareto
principle
right,
starts
with
starts
with
start
with
the
start
of
whatever
fact,
whatever
factors
are
are
responsible
for
the
greatest
percentage
of
your
outcomes,
results
or
improvement
efforts,
remediation
efforts.
So
if
you
look
at
the
greatest
segments
of
this
file,
that's
the
green
segment,
which
is
client
worthiness.
If
you
think
about
it,
what
what?
What?
What?
B
What
contributes
to
clients
for
the
next
client's
worthiness,
essentially
is
record
keeping
clients
worthiness
essentially,
is
verifiable
records,
okay,
credit
creditors,
okay,
essentially
financials
third
party
finances
banks.
Another
finance
institutions
essentially
are
able
to
make
an
and
it's
a
global
practice.
This
is
not
exclusive
to
africa.
All
over
the
world,
financiers
are
able
to
make
judgments
informed
judgments
about
the
worthiness
or
not
or
otherwise,
of
a
particular
aspiring
client.
B
You
know
someone
who's
applying
for
some
type
of
credit,
essentially
based
on
records
either
it's
past
historical
financial
performance,
transactional
records
or
it's
some
kind
of
confidence
or
gotten
from
other
records
about
that
person.
Immigration
records,
you
know
other
societal
factors
and
stuff
like
that,
you
know,
but
at
the
end
of
the
day,
client
credit
worthiness
is
essentially
a
derivative
of
how
much
data
or
records
are
available
about
the
particular
person
question
or
the
particular
entity,
whether
it's
a
personal
business
in
question.
B
That
would
go
a
long
way,
in
my
opinion,
to
reduce
this
36
percent.
Perhaps
if
we
can
reduce
it
by
50,
60
70
80,
then
we've
done
a
good
job.
Okay!
Well
we're
well
on
our
way.
So
that's
the
first
point
that
that's
kind
of
crap
client
credit
worthiness.
The
second
point
is
insufficient
collateral,
all
right
again
pointing
to
pointing
to
pointing
to
the
huge
deficit
of
infrastructure
that
I
mentioned
at
the
beginning
of
this
conversation.
B
What
has
happened
over
the
decades
is
that
successive?
You
know
successive
government
successive,
you
know
leadership
regimes
all
over
africa
have
failed
to
establish
systems
of
record
as
systems
of
asset
records
that
can
serve
for
collateral
purposes.
Okay,
I'll
explain,
I'm
an
I'm
a
I'm
a
I'm
a
startup
investor.
Well,
I'm
a
I'm
a
startup
mentor,
an
advisor
to
to
a
particular
company
that
is
right
now,
digitizing
the
entire
real
estate
in
nigeria
and
by
extension,
africa.
B
Essentially,
what
that
company
is
doing
is
that
we
have
they've
discovered
okay,
because
I'm
an
advisor
okay
they've
discovered
that
there
is
a
lot
of
value
right
that
is
strapped
in
real
estate.
There
are
a
lot
of
landowners
in
let's,
let's
even
just
focus
on
nigeria.
There
are
lots
of
land
owners
in
nigeria
right,
but
they
can't
access
credits
because,
technically
speaking
when
they
walk
up
to
a
bank,
the
type
of
asset
that
they
own,
even
though
it
could
be
worth
whatever
it
could
be
worth,
is
not
on
the
official
list
of
approved
collaterals
right.
B
So
a
huge
part
of
again
because
africa
has
not
been
again
because
those
systems
of
records
you
know
that
I
mentioned
earlier
being
put
in
place.
It
becomes
difficult
for
local
players
to
access,
sometimes
generational,
if
they
use
the
word
wealth,
okay,
yeah,
because
it
is
one
of
those
that's
been
handed
over.
You
know
you
know
a
huge,
huge,
huge
sorts
of
capital
that
are
available
and
can
be
used
as
collateral,
but
it's
just
not
available
for
use
because
the
credit
systems
do
not
recognize
those
assets,
so
the
the
takeaway.
B
From
that
my
suggestion,
my
my
proposition
I
ask
for
that,
is
that
we
work
you
know
to
close
the
gap
in
the
digitization.
Of
course
it
must
also
be
accurate.
There
must
also
be
a
very
high
level
degree
of
accuracy,
digitization
of
none
of
traditional
or
rather
non-traditional
asset
classes.
That
can
be
used
as
cholesterol,
and
I
think
that
if
we
take
care
of
that,
we
would
have
done
a
good
would
have
beaten
a
huge
chunk
out
of
this
30
percent.
B
B
We
would
have
done
a
good
job
to
have
reduced
this
120
billion
that
because
hey
you
know,
you
know,
that's
parental
principle.
You
know.
So
let's
just
go
to
the
next
slide,
because
I
don't.
I
don't
take
too
much
of
our
time
all
right,
okay,
so
so,
given
all
of
that
background,
I
thought
that
it
was
necessary
to
highlight
a
few
use
cases
right.
B
A
few
use
cases
of
trade
finance
in
africa,
trade,
finance
projects,
trade,
finance,
implementations,
instances-
you
know
adoptions
all
over
the
continent,
and
you
know
just
for
the
sake
of
brevity.
I
have
only
three
listed
here,
so
I
have
so
I'll
be
broken
down
into
two
sections.
There
are
those
that
are
foreign
foreign
built
and
deployed
locally,
which
are
on
this
slide,
there's
ske
chain.
B
You
know,
I
think
it
was
built
in
partnership
with
the
un
and
then
there's
fast
track
trade,
which
is
also
active
on
the
continent
and
then
there's
ibm.
Oh,
I
have
trade
legs
here.
I
thought
that
was
we
trade,
so
we
have
trade
length
and
then
there's
v3,
which
are
both
of
which
are
ibm
ibm
affirmative
next
slide.
B
The
second,
the
second
set
of
use
cases,
are
locally
built.
Trade
finance
solutions
again
built
on
hyperledger,
but
you
know
again,
like
I
said,
built
locally
and
deployed
locally
as
well.
So
studium
is
a
is
a
is
a
solution.
It's
a
trade
finance
solution
that
is
built
by
a
company
that
I'm
also
affiliated
with
based
here
in
nigeria
and
essentially
their
mandate
that
their
mandate
is
to
digitize
the
entire
workflow
of
trade
files
from
letter
from
m
letter
of
credit,
the
entire
process.
You
know
it's
a
huge
paper
driven
process.
B
They
just
want
to
turn
that
process
into
a
highly
digitized,
highly
referenceable,
highly
trustworthy
bank
repository
of
information.
Second,
there
is
tradex
tradex
is
also
in
iran,
a
trade
finance
solution,
and
it's
been
it's
been
adopted
by
one
of
the
biggest
nigeria
people
is
south
africa
as
well.
So
can
we
go
to
the
next
slide.
B
All
right
so,
on
this
slide,
I
have
here
a
few.
You
know
talking
points
again.
I
thought
I
I'd
imagine
that
this
would
be
much
more
interactive.
I
guess
we'll
have
an
opportunity
for
questions.
A
few
slides
when
I,
when
I
complete,
but
essentially
there
are
few
a
few
opportunities
that
have
been
identified.
B
Coin
telegraph.
You
know
that
means
fact
that
between
the
middle
east
and
africa
blockchain
spending
is
likely
to.
I
forget
the
exact
feed.
Now
I
don't
have
my
browser
open
right
now,
but
the
exact
figure
of
blockchain
is
blockchain.
Spending
is
set
to.
You
know
really
really
really
surge
by
400
in
essentially
two
years.
B
The
next
next
article
there
highlights
we
trade,
which
I
mentioned
earlier,
is
an
ibm
solution
and
it
is
now
being
used
for
open
account
trades
and,
if
you're
familiar
with
trade
finance,
open
accounts
is
a
type
of
trade
finance
transaction
for
for
open
account,
trade
financing,
trade
finance
transactions
and
the
third
one.
There
is
a
general
overview
of
blockchain
the
blockchain
space
and
and
of
the
trade,
the
trade
finance
space
and
how
blockchains
are
being
used
to
either
drive
up
efficient
costs
and
improve
profits
for
the
players
in
that
space.
B
A
A
You
know
that
as
a
pre-finance
specialist
I've
been
facing
all
over
my
career
and
mainly
you
know
the
trade
finance
gap,
which
is
huge.
You
know.
According
to
everybody's
sources,
we
have
to
find
new
models
to
fill
in
the
gap
and,
of
course
you
know,
the
lack
of
information
down
in
the
continent
is
also
a
problem.
A
A
A
So
don't
think
of
africa
as
just
the
continent,
but
think
of
africa
as
a
reach
towards
other
areas
of
the
world,
and
you
know
I'll
leave
them
to.
Maybe
thomas
wassel
wants
to
to
ask
you
something
you
it
is
sentiment.
I
don't
know
whether
he's
still
over
there
if
he
wants
to
to
give
his
own
opinion
on
this
respect,
thomas.
B
B
B
The
problem
is
for
financial
institutions
to
find
a
way
to
take
decisions
based
on
new
data
and
build
predictive
models
rather
than
critical
models,
and
I
couldn't
I
mean
I
mean
being
a
champion
being
a
promoter
of
emerging
technologies,
blockchain,
artificial
intelligence
data
science,
myself,
machine
learning,
myself
that
is
just
spotted
almost-
that
is
a
hundred
percent
spot-on.
There's,
there's
absolutely
no
reason
why
banks
and
other
financial
institutions
in
2021
should
be
evaluating.
B
You
know
credit
applications
using
traditional
1970
1950
criteria
right
now
in
in,
in
fact,
I
think
that
the
greatest
class
of
the
most
promising
class
of
of
fintechs
right
now
are
those
that
are
doing
exactly
what
you
just
mentioned
here,
which
is
taking
an
alternative
perspective.
An
alternative
approach
to
how
the
banks
on
the
other
traditional
financial
institutions
have
traditionally
done
things
so,
instead
of
thinking
about,
instead
of
thinking
about
credit
worthiness
and
the
other
things
that
they
do
using
the
usual
traditional
criteria.
B
So,
rather
than
ask
you
for
your
credit
history
or
your
bank
statement,
they
ask
you
for
your
ownership
details
for
the
cars
that
you
own,
because
in
nigeria
there
is
a
sentimental
attachment
to
vehicles
auto
cars.
Nobody
in
nigeria
wants
to
own
a
car
and
use
that
car.
The
the
reasons
for
that
are
another
conversation,
another
competition
inside,
but
you
know,
if
you
can,
if,
if
those
traditional
players
can
think
creatively
about
hey,
there's
a
huge
sort
of
people
that
were
leaving
out,
you
know
what
what
can
we
think
different?
B
A
Thomas
was
also
adding
a
few
notes.
You
know
he
he
said
hold
on
I'm
trying
to
say
what
what
I
would
love
is
it
to
see
lenders
in
finding
ways
to
finance
smes
without
a
long
credit
history,
rather
than
asking
smes
to
become
european.
Look
like
that's
good
points
in
my
vision
as
well.
You
know
finding
new
ways.
A
A
A
B
Okay,
okay,
all
right!
Thank
you!
That's
a
very
good,
that's
a
very
good
one!
So
nigeria
does
have
a
and
I
don't
want
to
paint
it
as
a
copycat,
but
we
have
our
own
version
of
gdpr.
It's
called
the
n
dpr.
You
know
you
know,
as
as,
as
you
might
guess,
nigerian
data
protection
regulations
and
essentially
it
lays
out
the
guidelines.
It's
still
young,
it's
relatively
young,
it's
less
than
two
years
old,
just
or
perhaps
about
two
years
old
and
it's
it's.
B
It
essentially
lays
out
the
guidelines
for
how
organizations
you
know
just
like
gdpr,
exactly
how
organizations
who
want
collect
to
process
three
store
data
are
to
behave
or
are
to
their
obligations
to
the
owners
of
that
data,
the
people
from
whom
they
collect
that
data
you
know
and
and
so
on
and
so
forth.
So
it
does
protect
both
the
play,
both
categories
of
players
that
you
mentioned,
but
the
both
the
data
collectors,
the
service
providers
and
the
consumers
as
well.
A
C
Think
I
I
think
it's
very
interesting
right.
I'm
no
expert
on
on
africa,
so
I
I
think
it's
more
asian
pacific,
but
yeah.
So
what
kind
of
time
scale
do
you
think
that
you
gave
about
that
all
the
challenges
right
and,
of
course,
I
see
a
lot
of
modernization
of
I
mean
from
a
china
perspective.
We
see
continuous
modernization
rate
of
africa
right
and
africa
also,
I
think
it's
the
second
largest
continent
and
the
second
largest
population
in
the
world
right,
it's
a
very
large
place.
C
B
Question
I
like
I
like
that
question.
It
forces
me
to
to
be
creative,
possibly
to
be
imaginative.
Right,
like
you
know,
as
einstein
said,
imagination
is
better
than
knowledge.
Yes,
I
believe
that
you
know,
even
though
the
word
leapfrog
sounds
slightly
ambitious,
okay,
but
I
do
believe
that,
yes,
indeed,
africa
can
leapfrog.
B
We
must
also
be
mindful
to
use
sample
proof
technologies
like
blockchain,
okay,
which
will
give
a
high
degree
of
confidence
in
the
data
as
as
as
it
comes
in,
so
that
people
can
safely
transact
with
the
institutions
that
are
publishing
that
data,
knowing
that
the
probability
of
tampering
with
the
inherent
data
in
those
systems
is
very,
very,
very
minuscule,
if
not
even
timing.
Personally,
so,
yes,
I
believe
that
you
know
the
two
parts
of
your
question.
Yes,
I
believe
that
we
can
live
strong
number
one.
B
Yes,
I
believe,
number
two:
we
we
can
only
do
it.
If
we
deliberately
discard
our
old
affinity
for
not
recording
things,
we
must
definitely
start
to
write
things
down
and
record
them
in
in
digital
systems.
Thirdly,
we
must
leverage
technologies
like
blockchain,
and
this
is
where
advantage
is
an
excellent
choice,
because
you
know
mature
technology
get
up
to
production
in
possible
time.
C
B
C
B
Well:
well,
yes,
yes,
I'm
at
least
here's
my
home
state.
I
love
I
should
visit
all
of
you
should
this
all
of
you
should
visit
because
extremely
extremely
fun.
If
you
have
the
right
guides,
you
have
the
kind
of
fun
that
you
will
be
able
to
go.
You
you,
you
wish
to
you'll,
be
planning
your
next
trip.
You
know
on
your
way
out,
so
thanks
question
all
right,
but
I
think
that
I
think
that
that
question
will
depend
on
some
factors.
Okay,
one
is
like
I
said
earlier.
B
First
of
all,
you
know,
has
70
percent
of
his
population
below
35
right,
so
there's
a
massive
youth
population
they're
extremely
they
watch
they
watch
dear.
They
watch
tv,
they
browse
the
internet,
they
are
data
hungry.
So
even
though
they
live
in
a
place
where
well,
by
and
large,
there's
a
lot
of
lack
of
infrastructure.
B
They
are
very
much
in
tune
with
with
what's
going
on
around
the
world.
They
know
the
top
10
in
everything
in
the
u.s
talking
music
and
video
hits
in
in
the
u.s
and
europe
and
other
places,
so
they
they
have
high
expectations
of
their
leaders,
and
you
saw
what
happened
last
year
in
the
peninsula's
movements.
So
essentially,
what
I'm
saying
is
they
are
ready,
there's
a
readiness
for
this
kind
of
transformation.
B
A
And
it's
at
such
a
diverse
country.
You
know
you
have
different
population
from
up
north
of
the
country
to
down
south.
You
have
it's
like
a
bridge
country,
I
don't
think
of
nigeria
as
a
lone
country.
There.
You
also
have
ghana,
you
have
also
ivory
coast.
You
have
so
many
countries
over
there,
which
are
you
know,
constantly
striving
in
order
to
get
feed
because
their
economies
strictly
depend
on
europe
and
are
strictly
connected
not
only
to
the
old
continent,
but
also
china
also
to
india
uk.
A
So
I
think
echo
was
the
large
area
over
there
as
a
massive
opportunity
in
terms
of
technology
they're
shaping
up
julian.
As
I
told
you
I
know
very
well
because
of
my
past.
Of
course
it's
been
there
so
many
times
and
also
think
about.
What's
north
of
it,
you
know
also
ship.
You
know,
think
about
morocco.
Think
about
the
rest
of
the
africa
that
part
of
africa
is
definitely
shipping
up
and
the
other
side
of
africa
east
africa
is
also
following
the
same
route.