►
Description
A presentation at the Hyperledger Climate Action and Accounting Special Interest Group on May 18, 2021 featuring Carrie George, VP & Head of Sustainability & Impact, from Everledger who joins the group for a discussion about Everledger's climate related work. The discussion is focused on:
(1) How the Hyperledger community can support interoperability across blockchains on GHG reporting and mitigation and
(2) How the Hyperledger community can drive consistent improvements in cloud energy reporting and transition to renewable and ultimately carbon free cloud energy across the world.
To get involved with the Climate Action and Accounting Special Interest Group, learn more at: https://wiki.hyperledger.org/display/CASIG/
----
Hyperledger – Open Source Blockchain Technologies
Hyperledger is an open source community focused on developing a suite of stable frameworks, tools and libraries for enterprise-grade blockchain deployments.
It serves as a neutral home for various distributed ledger frameworks including Hyperledger Besu, Fabric, Sawtooth, Indy, as well as tools like Hyperledger Avalon, Cactus and libraries like Hyperledger Aries, Ursa. Learn more about Hyperledger projects: https://www.hyperledger.org/use
Case Studies: https://www.hyperledger.org/learn/case-studies
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#Hyperledger #HyperledgerClimateAction&AccountingSIG #Blockchain
A
A
A
Okay,
hello,
everybody:
this
is
the
hyperledger
climate
action
recordings.
The
general
meeting
I'm
happy
to
welcome
all
of
you.
Today
we
have
carrick
george
as
a
guest
she's,
the
vice
president,
head
of
sustainability
and
impact
from
avalanche
her,
and
she
will
give
us
to
report
about
krinos
gas
reporting
across
supply
chains
and
moving
cloud
energy
use
to
renewable
resources
and
yeah
gary
I'm
happy
to
welcome
you
and
feel
free
to
start.
I'm
looking
forward
to
your
presentation.
B
Absolutely
thank
you
so
much
for
your
time.
Everyone
I'm
really
excited
to
meet
this
group.
I
didn't
know
about
you,
but
now
I
hope
to
be
more
and
more
engaged
I'll
give
a
little
professor.
I
am
not
a
technologist.
My
expertise
is
in
supply
chains
and
then
sourcing
of
materials,
so
you'll
see
that
I
have
a
heavy
emphasis
there,
but
I'm
happy
to
bring
in
one
of
our
technologists
if
you
want
to
really
get
into
the
details
of
sort
of
how
we're
looking
at
this.
B
But
what
my
other
area
that
I'm
known
for,
particularly
when
I
was
at
apple,
brilliant
earth
and
then
at
the
us
state
department,
is
influencing
supply
chains
or
practices
in
different
types
of
sustainability
issues.
So
I'm
going
to
talk
about
some
of
the
strategies.
I'd
love
to
work
with
this
group
on,
particularly
as
it
relates
to
cloud
energy
and
then
some
of
the
interoperability
goals
that
I
would
have
for
a
ghg
product.
B
So
starting
off.
I
I'm
just
going
to
go
through
just
some
recent
legislation
and
some
activities
that
show
that
there's
clear
demand
for
reporting
of
ghg.
We
all
know
that,
but
it
might
be
helpful
just
to
break
it
down
into
what
is
being
asked
for,
and
why
then,
looking
at
some
of
the
ever
ledger,
just
general
sustainability
and
more
on
the
environmental
side,
if
you're
interested
I'm
more
than
happy
to
give
you
some
more,
are
more
social
and
labor
and
workforce
practices.
B
So
just
talking
at
a
high
level,
this
is
a
really
ugly
chart,
but
it's
just
to
break
down
what
regulations
across
the
world
are
really
asking
for
and
again
we
can
mince.
You
know
the
details
and
and
fine
points,
but
at
a
high
level
we're
looking
at
regulations
that
are
asking
for
annual
reporting
on
ghg
and
different
types
of
climate
related
metrics.
B
This
is
nothing
new
for
all
of
you,
so
I'm
not
going
to
belabor
this
point
that
we
know
that
when
you're
looking
upstream
and
emissions
go
well
beyond
the
scope,
1
and
scope
2
into
you
know,
5.5
times
higher
and
really
getting
that
information
is
the
more
problematic
issue
and
if
any
of
you
have
ever
talked
to
me,
you've
probably
heard
somebody
my
horror
stories
or
my
glory
days.
I'm
talking
about
you
know
going
to
you
know
hundreds
of
sites
and
oftentimes
signing
individual
ndas
myself.
B
So
I'm
going
to
let's
say
10
20
30
minds
in
a
year
at
one
point
and
then
in
that
signing
ndas
as
myself,
not
even
as
my
employer
because
of
the
sensitivity
of
sharing
certain
data,
that's
necessary
for
reporting
of
critical
minerals
and
source
and
origin,
but
isn't
not
the
entire
document
or
the
entire
disclosure
is
necessary
for
something
as
simple
as
as
origin
or
related
to
scope.
3
reporting.
B
So
these
are
numbers
that
everledger
tested,
just
with
hiring
a
researcher
to
say
from
scratch:
go
look
up
ghg
reporting
on
a
few
mines,
just
a
few
refiners,
a
few
manufacturers
and
a
in
the
battery
market,
and
this
could
end
up
being
a
total
of
you
know,
40
hours,
plus
6,
000
or
more
of
reports
that
are
privately
held,
that
you
can't
get
certain
information
in
the
public
realm
and
there's.
You
know.
B
There
are
plenty
of
companies
and
plenty
of
actors
within
those
companies
that
push
back
on
sustainability
and
maybe
have
nefarious
or
less.
You
know,
I
would
say,
altruistic
goals
in
terms
of
sustainability,
but
a
lot
of
times
it
comes
down
to
the
money
and
the
resources
to
just
even
get
the
data
needed
to
take
action,
so
getting
that
faster
and
more
efficiently
is
really
a
critical
activity,
and
when
we
did
this,
this
was
just
for
one
material
set.
B
But
one
thing
that
I
didn't
see,
but
maybe
I
missed,
is
how
are
we
differentiating
between
data?
And
I
say
this
a
lot
and
a
lot
of
practitioners
would
really
praise
this.
It's
a
little
bit
more
sensitive
when
you
start
talking
to
you
know
the
auditing
community,
but
from
a
practitioner's
point
of
view,
we
always
have
to
work
with
different
types
of
robustness
of
data.
B
B
The
idea
is
to
show
continuous
improvement
and
that's
both
on
how
you're
reporting
the
quality
of
the
data,
but
then
also
showing
continuous
improvement
on
your
actions
according
to
that
data,
and
so
I
would
really
love
to
have
further
conversations
about
how
to
enable
that
further.
But
you
know
in
a
simple,
simple,
simple
figma
here,
just
to
show
you,
you
know
a
clean
version
of
what
that
could
look
like
across
one
battery
across
one
supply
chain
with
one
source,
and
then
you
know
obviously
reporting
annually
and
and
different
forms
for
clients.
B
This
is
just
going
further
into.
You
know
an
act,
an
example
of
how
you
could
display
that
you
know
you
could
be
displaying
it
just
a
very
literal.
You
know
this
is
exactly
where
this
source
of
data
could
come
from.
It
could
include
the
source
of
like
the
actual
company
and
and
or
the
emission
factor
used
for
that
calculation,
which,
in
some
cases,
as
I
noted
in
the
legislation,
certain
admissions
factors
are
preferred
for
certain
reporting
entities.
B
But
then
you
know
this
is
another
area
that
I'm
particularly
passionate
about
and
I'll
give
you
a
little
anecdotal
story.
You
know
when
I
was
working
with
and
you
know
apple
and
brilliant
earth,
and
you
know
even
the
apparel
sector.
A
lot
of
the
challenges
are
more
than
just
one
company
can
solve
or
take
on,
and
that's
for
a
number
of
reasons,
one
that
company
could
change
sourcing
at
any
time.
You
don't
want
actions
on
the
ground
to
be
dependent
on
one
downstream
company.
B
This
I'm
showing
for
offsets
and
offset
maybe
renewable
energy
credit
purchasing,
but
also
how
do
we
tie
it
into
then
the
reporting
out
of
ghg4
product
and
vice
versa.
So
simple
kind
of
idea
here,
but
I
I
know
that
you
know
with
a
quick
glance
at
some
of
the
things
you're
working
on
and
some
of
the
hyperledger
community.
B
You
know,
we've
been,
you
know
doing
some
of
the
obvious
things
that
you
can
do,
but
we
continue
to
do
more
and
this
was
pre-coded,
but
we'll
start
picking
this
up.
You
know,
as
we
get
back
into
a
world
with
covid,
but
understanding
how
to
operate
in
that
world
more
effectively.
We've
been
doing
a
lot
with,
you
know,
offsetting
directly
with
our
flight
purchases
and
looking
at
how
we
can
enable
fewer
flights.
B
B
You
know-
and
fortunately
our
australia
offices
are
relatively
open
for
everyone
else.
Just
talking
about
energy
efficiencies
and
remote
travel,
remote
work,
in
addition
to
reducing
commuting
travel
costs
and
other
things
and
enabling
that,
but
let's
get
into
our
cloud
energy
goals-
and
this
is
a
little
bit
wordy-
please
forgive
me,
but
we
can
go
into
some
of
the
details.
B
One
of
the
things
we're
looking
at
is
how
do
we
favor
blockchain
services,
that
source
and
by
and
or
by
100
renewable
energy?
You
know,
and
so
I'll
show
you
a
few
examples
from
public
information
from
google,
but
there's
other
examples
out
there.
But
right
now
you
know
google's
the
only
one
that
has
that
hundred
percent
either
bot
or
direct
source
renewable
energy.
So
the
other
thing
that
we're
looking
at
is
for
our
non
blockchain
services.
You
know
how
do
we
favor
service
providers?
That
also
do
the
same.
B
You
know
in
terms
of
either
buying
renewable
energy
credits
and
or
sourcing
renewable
energy.
The
other
thing
that
we
are
looking
at
doing
now
is
how
do
we
speak
to
our
service
providers
about
the
need
to
transition
our
services
or
ask
them
to
pay
for
offsets?
You
know
in
the
cloud
energy
world
or
the
cloud
storage,
world
and
cloud
providers.
We
see
a
lot
of
credits
being
given
you
know,
so
you
get
a
cheaper.
B
But
it's
still
really
clumsy
and
it's
still,
the
the
targets
are
so
well
beyond.
Well
behind
a
lot
of
the
leaders
in
this
field.
So
we
really
need
to
see
that
improved.
And
then
you
know
for
our
2025
goals.
We
want
to
be
100
renewable
for
all
of
our
cloud
uses
and
providers,
and
that
can
still
include
renewable
energy
credits.
B
But
we
are
wanting
to
see
that
investment
and
change,
and
that's
also
where
we
want
to
influence
our
cloud
providers
to
get
really
more
renewable
sources
and
key
regions
and
for
us,
because
we,
our
founder
and
many
of
our
team,
are
based
in
australia
and
new
zealand.
It's
really
critical
that
we
see
improvements
there
and
I'll
show
you
some
differentiation
between
australia
and
other
countries
in
a
moment.
B
But
these
are
some
of
our
now
projects
and
goals,
but
we
are
also
looking
at
the
future
and
that's
really
where
we
need
to
be
engaging
more
with
the
hyperledger
community
on
how
we
really
make
some
of
these
improvements.
You
know
we
know
ghg
targets
are
being
established
across
tech
and
particularly
recently
you're,
seeing
a
lot
more
influence,
especially
as
with
the
blackrock
announcement
and
others
other
legislation
and
regulations
being
pushed.
B
This
is
just
you
know,
a
breakdown
of
how
they're
talking
about
it,
and
you
know
looking
at
carbon-free
electricity
and
then
ultimately,
moving
towards
moving
the
you
know,
carbon-based
electricity
away
from
it,
and
this
is
where
you
can
see
some
key
differences
where
they're
buying
a
you
know
a
lot
of
renewable
energy
credits
to
really
neutralize
this.
So
you
still
see
in
taiwan,
singapore
sydney
and
some
other
regions
being
still
heavily
carbon
based,
and
they
are,
you
know,
doing
those
renewable
energy
credits
to
counter
that.
B
But
then
you
also
see
you
know
a
fully
carbon
free
energy
here,
and
these
are
the
things
that
we
should
be
paying
attention
to
as
a
community.
How
like
how
and
why
we
ask
for
certain
goals
and
really
unite
on
these
fronts.
This
is
where
we
have
the
power,
and
you
know
as
working
for
the
other
companies.
We
were
able
to
really
change
the
sourcing
of
many
material
streams
and
material
markets,
and
we
as
a
community,
definitely
can
do
so
as
well.
B
If
we're
looking
at
the
cloud
energy
goals
as
well,
you
can
see
you
know:
oracle
having
100
renewable
use
at
94
data.
Centers
across
10
countries
really
a
laudable
and
we
can
see
more
and
more
of
that
coming
to
fruition
and
that
we're
looking
at
you
know
this
is
keywords
of
certified
as
renewable
in
2018
and
that
they
have
62.
B
B
How
do
I
know
that
my
carbon
impacts
aren't
affected
by
your
work
and
on
blockchain
and
not
to
belabor
that,
and
I
I
don't
have
any
issues
with
any
blockchain
provider,
whether
you're
running
proof
of
stake
or
proof
of
work.
You
know.
Sometimes
we
have
to
get
into
the
fine
tune
points
with
our
clients
on
that,
but
I
I
would
prefer
us
as
a
community,
regardless
of
how
we're
using
energy
and
our
services
to
really
focus
in
on
and
overall
making
sure
that
our
sources
get
as
clean
as
possible.
B
Excuse
me,
I'm
not
sharing,
but
their
energy
sources
that
are
stunned
is
still
having
heavy
carbon
based
energy,
but
without
buying
the
renewable
energy
to
counter
that
in
the
next
phase.
What
we
would
like
to
see
is
that
they're
really
able
to
report
our
service
providers
are
able
to
perform
report
by
total
energy
used
per
client
and
that
we
would
actually
enable
that
and
that
later
we
would
love
to
be
able
to
see
real
energy.
You
know,
uses
data
loads
instances,
types
of
blockchains
running
and
other
services.
B
You
know
so
that
we
can
really
start
getting
into
the
fine
tune
points
and
and
also
look
at
our
own
cloud
computing
practices
and
energy
efficiencies.
I've
tried
to
read
several
reports
on
academic
reports
on
it
and
where
I
think
we're
still
in
the
very
immature
phase,
but
I
think
a
lot
of
you
here
can,
you
know,
provide
a
lot
of
insight
on
that,
and
this
is
when
we
can
start
really
looking
at
our
overall
platform
and
architecture
and
then
tying
that
together.
B
So
if
I
look
at
you
know,
for
example,
this
is
where
I
think
about
this
is
the
energy
source,
and
this
is
just
from
the
world
bank
table
a
couple
years
ago.
But
you
know
when
you
look
at
a
comparison
of
australia
versus
united
kingdom
and
united
states.
The
percentage
of
coal
is
pretty
pretty
significantly
different,
so
it's
not
just
non-renewable
it's
coal
based
entirely
and
how
do
we
start
moving?
B
You
know,
and
so
this
is
just
an
idea-
you
know
taking
out
the
kind
of
information
specific
and
just
making
a
little
bit
simpler
on
the
top.
We
could
be
requesting
as
a
group
types
of
reporting
practices
consistent
with
our
reporting
needs
and
then
also
how
we
actually
operate,
and
this
is
something
that
I
think
the
hyperledger
community
could
definitely
enable.
So
just
the
opportunities
to
summarize
I'll.
You
know
point
you
know
in
terms
of
like
a
ghg
product.
B
As
I
mentioned,
the
differentiation
of
data
sources,
I
think,
would
be
really
critical
and
then
you
know
different
types
of
alignment
on
what
could
be
offset
purchasing
practices
and
plug-ins
for
that
type,
enablement
on
the
cloud
energy
side,
again:
data
taxonomy
for
reporting,
but
also
common
timelines
and
targets
for
service
providers.
There's
you
know
a
number
of
targets
and
unless
you
read
into
the
details,
you
don't
you
may
not
realize
how
different
they
really
are
and
how
far
behind
some
of
the
service
providers
really
are
and
their
responsibilities
as
well.
A
A
B
Reality
well-
and
this
is
a
few
areas-
that
we
could
be
working
a
lot
closer
together,
because
this
and
I
I
joke,
but
the
technology
space.
Sometimes
and
again,
I
haven't
worked
in
this
this
area,
but
there
often
is
a
goal
to
be
one
one
ring
to
rule
them
all.
You
know
it's
like
the
instagram
of
everything,
the
this
of
everything.
The
reality
is
that
never
happens.
There
there's
very
few
things
in
the
supply
chain
space
that
it's
one
group
that
actually
does
everything.
B
You
don't
see
that
in
audits,
you
don't
see
in
certifications,
you
don't
see
in
reporting
mechanisms,
et
cetera,
and
so
what
I
would
say
is
that
we
should
be
any
of
actors
that
are
working
on.
This
type
of
work
should
be
working
together
to
create
the
one
template
or
one
reporting
taxonomy
that
they
would
use,
because
that's
one
of
the
biggest
issues
is
that
your
clients,
my
clients,
they
don't
even
know
necessarily
how
to
get
the
data
or
report
it
well.
B
So
if
we're
teaching
them
a
uniform
that
we
say
we
are
all
using
hyperledger
dot
dot
and
that's
really
critical-
and
I
can
tell
you
this-
and
this
is
a
long-winded
answer.
But
we
did
not
make
progress
when
I
was
at
apple
until
we
got
three
of
the
key
audit
companies,
not
audit
companies
but
auditing
standard
bodies
to
agree
that
they
would
become
mutually
recognizable.
A
B
And
so
then,
once
we
did
that,
then
we
could
ask
everyone
for
one
two
or
three
pick
your
door
go
through
it.
We
don't
care
and
then,
as
competitors
so
apple
intel
hp,
we
would
all
go
to
our
favorite
companies.
You
know
this
is
my
baby,
don't
touch
them.
This
is
my
baby,
don't
touch
them,
but
we
were
asking
for
the
same
things.
B
So,
even
if
they
were
sourcing
from
an
apple
and
or
their
buyers
were
apple
and
intel,
but
maybe
apple
had
bigger
buying
share,
so
they
wanted
to
listen
to
apple,
but
they
really
had
to
do
enough
to
also
accommodate
everyone
else.
We
were
asking
for
the
same
things,
so
I
say
that
because
we
don't
have
that
consistency
in
upstream
ghg
reporting,
and
so
one
of
their
big
points
is
they're
like
I
don't
want
to
fill
this
out
12
times.
B
How
do
I
know
that
this
will
count
for
everyone
else,
and
so
we
can
do
a
lot
to
enable
that
the
second
thing
is
part
of
what
the
reason
I'm
interested
in
blockchain
is
some
of
the
other
things
that
they
don't
want
to
share.
I
would
sign
an
nba,
and
that
meant,
and
my
old
ceo
used
to
tease
me
he's
like
oh
you're,
going
to
go
out
and
have
some
more
tea
with
them.
B
I'm
like
yes,
I
am
actually
because
that's
the
only
way
I
can
get
them
to
like
give
me
this
data,
and
so
there
was
so
much
trust
building,
but
that's
where
blockchain
should
be
the
enabler
like
that
should
be
the
enabler
there's.
I
spent
seven
years
of
my
life
literally
on
a
plane
like
there's,
no
reason
that
that
is
sustainable
like
reasonable
or
something.
So
we
need
to
get
more
consistency
of
how
their
data
is
actually
going
to
be
used,
how
it
can
be
protected
because
as
much
as
we
think
blockchain's
understood
right.
B
No
one
really
understands
it
practically,
and
so,
when
I
talk
to
companies,
I'm
sitting
there
now
telling
them-
and
these
are
companies
that
I
worked
with
and
they
shared
stuff
with
me.
They'll
say
wait.
So
if
I
give
you
a
utility
bill,
they're
not
going
to
see
the
utility
bill,
how
do
I
know
they're
not
going
to
see
it
like,
and
I
literally
will
just
circle
what
they're
like?
No
we're.
Only
taking
this
these
three
things.
I
need
this
state.
B
I
need
this,
but
I
need
you
to
put
it
here
and
then
I'll
do
this,
and
this
is
what
it
looks
like.
We
need
40
tutorials
on
that
and
we
all
need
to
be
in
agreement.
So
no
one
of
our
community
accidentally
screwed
up
because
that's
the
that's
the
other
thing
is
they
don't
trust
the
technology?
Well
enough
to
know
that?
Oh
it's
not
just
carrie
george,
because
I
know
I've
known
you
for
10
years.
You
know:
we've
had
meals,
you
know
my
family,
it's
no!
B
You
and
all
your
people
are
consistently
implementing
this
strategy
in
this
way.
So
how
I
did
it
was
literally
meals,
tea.
All
that
now
I
have
a
reputation
with
a
lot
of
these
actors,
so
they're
more
likely
to
engage
with
me,
but
I
still
don't
have
the
reputation
of
my
community
and
the
topics
we're
talking
about
them
for
fully
onboarding
and
mass,
so
we
can
do
a
lot
with
this
community
and
to
really
start
communicating
that
to
bring
together.
You
know
our
own,
you
know.
Basic
understanding
of
this
is
how
we
do
this.
B
C
A
B
B
Okay,
how
about
I
start
at
the
top
here,
just
refresh
your
questions.
Okay,
how
do
you
certify
qantas
paid
as
your
carpet?
Improvement
is
certified
for
stewardship
on
fertile
land,
which
contains
specified
carbons?
Oh,
this
is
a
really
specific
one.
We
can
go
through
qantas,
united
and
everything
I
am
for
what
we
have
purchased.
B
A
Earth
picture
how
big
it
is
that
it
contains
a
certain
amount
of
carbon,
and
so
your
customer
who
said
I
paid
for
that
tree
can
see
that
tree
and
they
know
where
it
is,
and
they
know
nobody
else
is
using
it
right
now.
The
person
who
planted
it
has
a
zero
carbon
footprint
and
isn't
isn't
using.
You
know
huge
amounts
of
gas
to
get
the
tree
there.
B
I
mean,
and
those
are
all
amazing
applications
I
mean
I
I
don't
know.
If
you've
worked
with
any
of
the
third
party
offset
providers,
then
their
certification
is
really
drawn
out.
It's
really
manual,
it's
really
like
1972..
I
really
respect
what
they're
doing,
because
it's
it
had
to
be
done.
We
needed
someone
to
do
it
because
otherwise
there
was
double
counting
everywhere.
B
I
would
love
for
you
know
if
that's
a
service
you're
wanting
to
provide
that
you
partner
with
them,
so
that
they
can
do
it
five
times
as
far
and
five
times
as
efficiently
and
grow
the
offering
set
as
well,
because
part
of
the
reason
that
offsets
right
now
are
so
clumsy
we
buy
stuff
in
north
america
and
the
easy
places
to
offset
because
they're
cheaper
to
offset
as
opposed
to
the
places
we're
destroying.
Like
you
know,
the
amazon
rainforest
central
africa.
B
You
know
indonesian
forests,
you
know
these
are
the
areas
that
we
actually
need
to
make
sure
are
being
offset
mangroves
in
certain
regions
and
so
what
you're
seeing
if
we
can
actually
enable
that
faster,
more
effectively,
more
consistently
and
in
the
regions
that
are
getting
destroyed.
So
we're
offsetting
the
real
things
that
we
destroyed.
That
would
be
amazing,
but
yeah
I
mean
you're
exactly
right.
B
Through
my
you
know,
corporate
kind
of
social
responsibility
and
activities
as
well
as
personally,
but
it
would
be
really
cool
to
continue
that
because
I
think
they
find
you
or
us
a
threat,
but
really
we
should
be
complimentary.
There
there's
less.
I
tell
auditors
this
all
the
time
I'm
like
I'm
actually
gonna
make
your
job
easier,
better,
faster
and
more
like
prolific.
B
B
A
B
So-
and
this
is
on
any
topic-
topic
du
jour
and
supply
chain
management,
so
you
know
I'm
I'm
just
a
kind
of
a
you
know
not
like
a
real
techie
data
person
on
a
data
analytics
person,
I'm
a
researcher.
So
I
just
look
and
figure
out
anomalies
and
supply
chains,
areas
where
there
could
be
positive
impact
et
cetera,
so
it
could
be
forced
labor,
child
labor,
conflict
zones.
B
You
know
environmental
issues,
that
sort
of
thing
what
the
auditors
did
and
I
don't
let
me
see
if
I
can
just
pull
up
something
just
to
it's
a
little
bit
easier
to
show
a
visual,
but
what
we
did
with
the
auditors
is
we
there's
all
these
audits
that
already
exist?
You
you
don't
need
to
find
new
audits
right,
there's
so
many
that
are
out
there.
But
what
we
did
with
these
actors.
B
B
My
preferred
audit.
I
said
I'll
accept
any
of
these
audits,
because
when
I
go
through
it,
I
found
that
they're
relatively
similar,
and
so
here's
an
example.
This
is,
I
think
this
is
apple's
2018,
but
in
their
recent
report
they
have
their
2020,
and
so
these
are
the
standards
and
audits
and
then
how
they
align
across
different
issuers.
Now
this
is
just
a
simplified
version
of
what's
in
the
public
realm,
but
what
we're
showing
here
is
that
there
could
be
a
number
of
you
know.
B
Okay,
what
groups
do
you
think
are
doing
the
best
jobs
to
allow
orgs
to
work
together
and
set
up
data
and
process
governance
standards?
I
don't
know
tom.
I
need
to
know.
Tell
me
tell
me
who
to
work
with.
I
like
I've
sat
on,
and
this
is
no
offense
to
these
groups,
but
you
know
responsible
business
alliance,
blockchain
group,
the
west
blockchain
group,
oecd's
blockchain
group,
etc.
B
I
don't
see
it
driving
towards
mutual
goals
for
the
governance
of
standards,
and
so
I
become
a
little
bit
less
interested
when
it
just
starts
getting
a
little
wonky
and
more
talking
headish.
I
I
check
out
because
I'm
I'm
not
a
technologist
for
technology
sakes,
and
I
don't
I
there's
no
offense
meant
for
anyone
who
just
loves
it.
It's
just
not
my
baby.
I
don't
I
don't
get
up
in
the
morning
and
think
about
tech.
B
I
think
about
you,
know
the
people
I've
met
in
congo
and
how
to
enable
them
to
have
less
air
pollution,
and
you
know
people
drowning
in
mud
in
indonesia,
and
so
this
is,
I
I'm
totally
trying
to
utilize
it
for
very
specific
impacts,
but
yeah.
I
I
don't
know,
and
that's
where
I
got
kind
of
excited
our
our
marketing
person
said.
Would
you
speak
at
this
event?
I
was
like
oh
my
gosh.
They
look
action-oriented
and
techie
I'd
love
to
talk
to
him
like
how
do
I
get
involved?
B
A
B
That's
a
game
changer,
because
that's
a
lot
of
like
that's.
Why
auditors
don't
buy
technology,
that's
why,
like
ngos
and
activists
don't
buy
technology
because
they
believe
we're
trying
to
sell
a
panacea.
That's
not
actually
in
touch
with
reality,
and
if
we
can
just
show
that
small
a
little
bit,
we
could
climb
a
lot
farther.
You
know
go
a
lot
farther
with
it.
So
yeah.
B
A
B
B
You
just
use
your
favorite
baby,
whatever
you
want
to
do,
but
p.s
these
two
don't
include
this
data,
or
this
one
asks
for
this
unit
measurement
and
it's
different
than
this
one,
and
so
that's
a
lot
of
the
other
areas.
Because
again
I
I-
and
this
might
be
my
like
my
oklahoma
roots
and,
like
I
just
kind
of
go
with
it
kind
of
chill
out
whatever
you
know.
B
I
I
just
try
to
take
it
as
it
comes
a
little
bit,
and
so
that's
you
know
I
it's
the
it's
the
opposite
of
trying
to
guide
it
and
just
try
to
like
pull
it
in
and
and
keep
pushing
it
forward.
But
I
think
we
have
to
do
both
to
be
honest,
and
we
can
you
know
we
can
do
a
lot
more
with
it
so
yeah.
I
I
I
should
be
part
of
the
supply
chain
group,
apparently.
B
B
Leanne
kemp
leann
leann,
leanne
kemp,
my
ceo.
She
has
been
speaking
and
working
with
the
unep's
apparel
group
quite
a
bit
and
I
know
they
have
a
couple
of
pilots.
I
don't
know
if
that's
related
to
the
specific
material
data
flow
database
you're
talking
about
I
I
heard
some
big
notion
of
it,
but
I
didn't
I
didn't
follow
it.
Are
you
engaging
with
it?
I'm.
A
Just
wondering
I'm,
I
know
the
csiro
in
australia
is
contributing
to
creating
that
database
and
they're
doing
these
big
cge
models
and
they're
looking
at
global
carbon
and
all
this
stuff,
but
I'm
I'm
sort
of
trying
to
connect.
You
know
what
is
the,
I
guess:
there's
top-down
approaches
and
there's
bottom-up
approaches
and
you're,
mostly
talking
about
kind
of
self-regulation
and
and
private
organizing.
Is
that
right.
B
Well,
it's
more
it's
it's
self-reporting,
but
not
self-reporting.
It's!
What
I'm
trying
to
do
is
enable
it
for
regulatory
reporting
and
so
that,
if
you
have
your
own
measurement
like
let's
say
you
have
in-house
measurement
that
you're
doing,
but
you
haven't
yet
gone
through
the
the
full-fledged
audit
of
xyz
audit
set.
I
still
want
to
enable
someone
to
do
that
reporting
because
on
the
private
sector
side
you
still,
you
you'll,
ask
a
company.
B
I
want
this
report
on
energy
or
your
chemical
use
or
something
it
doesn't
mean
that
it's
always
audited
right,
so
I'm
trying
to
enable
it
at
whatever
stage
of
maturity
these
companies
are
at
for
the
overall
reporting,
but
for
for
the
you
know
the
goal
of
like
g.
In
this
case
I
gave
ghg
reporting,
but
for
material
flows
we
we
do.
You
know
private
data,
so
taking
an
invoice
like
so
b2b
partnerships
so
that
you're
actually
establishing
the
chain
of
custody.
I
believe
the
uneps,
the
material
flows
as
the
un.
B
A
B
That
it's
product
level
claims
so
so
certain
products.
So
in
the
jewelry
space
you
know
someone
wants
to
actually
know
that.
That
diamond
is
not
only
conflict-free
that
they
want
to
know
it.
It
helped
like-
or
you
know
this,
the
in
the
case
of
some
of
the
work
we
do
in
tanzania
like.
I
want
to
know
that
that
specific
colored
gemstone
helped
that
that
woman,
that
female
minor
I
want
that
story,
and
so
that
verification
has
to
be
related
to
that
specific
product.
B
So
the
chain
of
custody
needs
to
be
established
and
all
the
layering
of
the
the
data
and
justifications
and
evidence
are
necessary
in
the
case
of
apple
on
conflict,
minerals.
That
was
a
regulated
requirement.
The
u.s
dodd-frank
financial
reform
act
in
section
1502
actually
required
this
type
of
reporting,
and
so
they
had
to
do
a
certain
amount
of
chain
of
custody.
B
And
then
you
know
through
a
number
of
different
other
things,
pull
in
data
and
say
whether
or
not
they
did
or
did
not
have
products
that
were
associated
with
conflict
or
those
benefiting
from
conflict,
so
that
that
was
a
very
specific
claim.
That
was
more
like
a.
We
want
to
be
able
to
say
we
don't
have
or
that
we
are
appropriately
addressing
the
issues,
and
so
what
what
apple
said,
which
I
stand
behind
and
think
is
very
much
the
right
thing.
Instead
of
saying.
B
I
have
zero
of
this,
because
most
supply
chains
have
zero
of
anything.
They
say
we
were
taking
the
necessary
actions
to
do
so,
and
they
could
justify
that
through
the
connections
and
weaving
of
the
supply
chains.
So
even
when
they
found
specific
issues
of
conflict
or
other
things
that
could
be
associated
with
their
supply
chain,
that
it
was
traced
to
their
supply
chain,
but
maybe
not
trace
the
specific
product.
B
Because
there
wasn't
that
level
of
traceability,
they
could
show
that
they
had
done
appropriate
steps
to
mitigate
it
and
to
follow
up
and
to
address
those
issues.
So
and
that's,
I
think
the
unip's
material
flow
database
is
trying
to
create
that
high
level
to
inform
companies
so
that
then
they
do
take
action
in
their
specific
supply
chains.
But
I
I'd
have
to
go
back
to
because
I
only
have
like
this
vague
notion
of
that.
It
was
going
on
and
I
I
haven't
worked
with
the
specific
data.
B
C
Sorry
about
that
yeah
we're
we're
in
a
project
right
now
that
we're
doing
that
we're
the
our
protocol
that
we're
using
is
just
standardized
to
the
industry
within
real
estate,
construction,
the
emission
credits
and
so
forth,
but
we're
starting
to
have
additional
industries
coming
come
into
this
project
to
participate,
because
it's
a
it's
really
gonna.
It's
a
a
group
exchange
of
of
a
currency,
and
so
with
that
the
the
the
standardization
there's
got
to
be
a
group
or
frontline.
C
As
we
start
reporting
data,
because
you
know
one
of
the
things
that
you
just
brought
up,
that
I
thought
was
remarkable.
You
like
the
story
of
the
diamond.
Most
people
aren't
going
to
know
the
story
of
the
diamond
when
the
diamond
is
cut
they're,
not
going
to
know
this
long
time
together,
but
all
of
a
sudden
that
story
also
comes
out
and
says:
oh
no.
C
I
remember
when
this
and
then
all
of
a
sudden
to
be
able
to
link
that
information
to
another
part
of
the
blockchain
and
then
all
of
a
sudden
allows
that
story
to
be
told.
It's
like
how
are
we
you
know
at
what
point
in
this
supply
chain?
Is
there
a
straight
standard
of
this
information?
I
mean,
I
see
your
charts.
I
see
those
examples,
and
I
understand
that
I
understand
that
well,
especially
being
in
construction.
C
B
Well,
I
I
will
say
their
supply
chains
aren't
necessarily
the
nicest
thing
as
you
can
appreciate
in
the
construction
industry.
So
I
I
wouldn't
say
we
were
gentle
with
getting
people
on
board.
There
was
very
strict
timelines
and
very
aggressive.
You
know,
goals
set
and
those
aggressive
goals
trickled
down.
B
I
just
want
you
to
let
you
know
that
when,
when
apple
gets
a
little
sniffle,
just
a
little
pre-cold,
everyone
else
gets
the
worst
flu
imaginable
and
that's
a
little
bit
hard
to
say
today
with
pandemic.
But
it
was
a
really
good
lesson,
but
when
you're
at
the
top
of
the
food
chain
you
can,
you
can
be
a
little
bit
of
a
gorilla
without
having
to
do
too
much
and
it
trickles
down
pretty.
B
Well,
it's
not
enough,
and
so
at
that
time,
because
it
was
legislated
all
the
companies
had
to
either
you
know
swim
on
their
own
or
agree
on
timelines.
So
we
agreed
on
general
timelines
of
what
we
were
going
to
go
for
and
certain
audits
that
we
would
groups
of
audits
that
we
would
account
for
because
the
materials
that
were
in
the
legislation
weren't
just
in
one
industry,
so
they
already
had
their
preferred
audits
and
preferred
practices,
and
we
just
said:
okay,
xyz
audit
company
or
audit
organization
or
standards
body.
You
don't
cover
this
topic.
B
Well,
we
in
order
for
us
to
mutually
recognize
you
across
these
others.
We
need
you
to
reconsider
this
or
up
that
and
that
sort
of
thing,
and
so
that
was
kind
of
that
was
about
a
three
year
long
process
and
then
once
that
happened,
it
went
through
the
roof.
You
know
in
terms
of
agreement,
so
it
wasn't
necessarily
really
centralized.
C
Well,
that
makes
a
lot
of
sense.
So
thank
you
very
very
much
for
that
explanation,
but
it
really
one
of
the
things
that
you
just
really
pointed
out
is
that
since
we're
in
control
of
the
project
and
we're
in
control
of
what
we're
doing,
we
just
got
to
play
that
role
of
the
gorilla.
It
says:
here's
the
standard,
you're
going
to
follow
you're
going
to
be
a
part
of
this.
This
is
it
follow.
B
But
yeah
just
get
enough
of
the
parties
on
board.
Obviously,
because
of
certain
anti-trust
issues,
you
can't
talk
about
price.
You
can't
talk
about
like
actually
firing
a
specific
actor
or
anything
like
that,
but
you
can
absolutely
say:
timelines
goals,
strategies,
mutual
recognition
of
standards,
etc.
B
Yeah
no
problem
right
we're
getting
close
to
the
end
here:
okay,
following
tom's
correction,
which
standards
are
most
common
that
leading
companies
use
specifically
on
ghg.
I
can
paul
if
you
just
want
to
shoot
me
a
note.
I
can
just
send
you
a
list
that
we're
looking
at,
but
we're
we're,
not
comprehensive
and
I'm
not
an
energy
expert,
I'm
just
a
sustainability
person
in
data,
so
I
just
look
at
regulations
and
how
they
are.
But
I
can
I'd
be
happy
to
share
with
this
group.
A
Thanks
for
that
carrie-
and
I
just
put
a
link
in
the
chat
you
know
this
is
not
the
end
of
the
opportunity
to
talk.
You
know
we
do
have
open
forums
where
people
can
talk
with
each
other
and
continue
the
conversation
there.
The
group
has
a
mailing
list.
The
supply
chain,
sig
also
has
a
mailing
list,
so
feel
free
to
use
either
of
those
resources
there's.
You
know
this
group
also
meets
regularly
we'll
meet
again
in
a
couple
weeks.
A
A
B
C
B
Yeah
I
mean
it,
it
depends
on
the
the
region
and
and
the
the
reporting
format
and
your
clients
and
things
but
yeah.
There's,
there's
probably
a
handful
of
things,
but
I
can
I
can
just
I
can
copy
and
paste.
You
know
some
of
the
stuff
that
we've
pulled
together
on
you
know,
reporting
protocols
and
that
sort
of
thing,
but
in
terms
of
just
going
out
to
other
company
countries
like
to
gather
ghg
data
or
other
things,
there's
going
to
be
emissions
factors
and
how
the
calculations
should
be
rolled
out.
B
You
know
the
level
of
data
and
understanding
the
lack
of
data.
That's
there.
So
there's
going
to
be
a
lot
of
like
if
you're
trying
to
really
develop
the
ecosystem,
there's
going
to
be
a
lot
of
placeholders,
so
we
as
a
community
could
even
be
creating
common
data.
Sets
that
just
that
we
all
can
reference
or
that
you
know
data.
B
C
This
kind
of
expanded
it
and
now
we've
discussed
people
that
got
some
really
high
end
goals
and
so
we're
trying
to
keep
everybody
under
control.
But
that's
the
point
everybody's
just
so
excited
you
know
because
yeah,
it's
the
money,
one
of
the
biggest
factors
is
money
and
funding
and
when
there's
money
and
funding
available
they
they
like
to
you
know,
move
it
around
it.
That's
okay!
We
don't
mind
if
it
goes
out
of
the
us.