►
From YouTube: IETF104-GAIA-20190329-0900
Description
GAIA meeting session at IETF104
2019/03/29 0900
https://datatracker.ietf.org/meeting/104/proceedings/
A
And
if
you're
joining
us
here
in
Prague
in
the
room,
if
you
wouldn't
mind
signing
into
the
blue
sheets,
which
was
circulating
thanks
for
coming
on
a
Friday
morning
at
9
o'clock
for
those
of
you
online
and
also
in
the
room,
you'll
see
the
note.
Well,
please
take
a
look
at
that
online.
It's
also
indicated
on
the
blue
sheets
that
this
is
part
of
the
of
what
we,
what
we
do
here
at
the
IETF.
D
A
A
And
thank
you
for
joining
we're.
Gonna
start
in
about
a
minute.
I'm,
just
uploading,
some
more
slides
and
we're
going
to
start
with
Mizuki
Mongi
matsuki
is
from
Kenya
and
works
for
the
Internet
Society
he'll
do
a
an
introduction
about
peering
and
interconnection
in
sub-saharan
Africa,
where
he's
done
more
to
help
provide
connectivity
than
just
about
anybody.
I
know
so
give
it
one
minute
as
I
upload.
The
other
slides.
A
Okay,
if
you're
in
the
room,
you're
right,
Gaia
global
access
to
the
Internet
for
all
our
charters
online,
you
can
take
a
look.
Otherwise.
A
lot
of
what
we
do
here
is
bring
in
presentations
from
people
who
are
either
building
connectivity.
New,
innovative
tech
solutions
around
the
world.
We've
been
focused
mostly
on
community
networks
over
the
last
three
or
four
meetings,
but
we're
bringing
in
more
and
more
on
going
to
be
bringing
in
more
and
more
on
internet
exchange
points
routing
data
collection.
So
today
the
first
person
up
is
matsuki
and
I.
E
E
Well,
I've
been
at
the
Internet
Society
for
the
last
ten
years,
working
in
in
Internet
development
and
also
promoting
interconnection
and
traffic
exchange
and
part
of
the
success
that
we've
seen
in
the
past
ten
years
is
largely
due
to
the
support
we've
had
from
partners
right
through
partnerships
and
collaboration.
So
I'll
start
off
with
a
bit
of
a
background
in
terms
of
where
all
this
started
and
I
joined,
the
Internet
Society
in
2008
and
I
was
at
the
time
also
working
with
a
kanay
internet
exchange
point.
E
So
next
slide
Jim,
and
during
that
time
we
wanted
to
get
involved.
There
was
an
interest
from
the
Internet
Society
to
work
on
internet
exchange
points,
but
there
wasn't
a
clear
understanding
of
what
was
really
happening
in
the
region.
So
the
first
thing
we
did
is
did
a
survey
of
the
exchange
point
that
were
in
place
and
tried
to
understand
what
was
really
going
on.
E
But
we
did
get
some
data
like
you
know
when,
though,
I
established
how
much
traffic
they
had
how
they
were
operating
in
terms
of
their
governance,
what
kind
of
peering
policy
they
had
and
so
on,
and
this
survey
that
we
did
in
2008
has
actually
been
used
as
a
benchmark
to
start
off
to
alter
either
build
onto
the
work
that
we've
done
over
the
years
and
a
Phi
X
has
been
maintaining.
The
survey
is,
to
date,
the
most
recent
being
in
2017
and
we'll
have
a
look
at
that
data.
E
E
So
one
of
the
things
which
was
interesting
to
identify
that
point
in
time
was
that,
based
on
the
responses
we
received,
there
were
just
about
those
just
about
300,
Mbps
or
megabits
per
second
being
exchanged
through
the
IXP
in
Africa,
which
was
quite
small
and
so
a
couple
of
the
other
gaps
we
identified.
If
you
could
go,
oh
sorry
and
before
I
move
on
and
majority
of
this
traffic
was
actually
in
South
Africa
with
oh,
they
are
the
exchange
points
in
the
continent
being
relatively
small.
E
Next
slide,
please
Jane,
so
the
gaps
we
identified
from
this
survey
was
that
there
was
a
lack
of
general
knowledge
on
ixv
best
practices.
You
know
didn't
know
where
to
go
in
terms
of
sharing
experiences
on
how
to
grow
and
develop,
so
they
were
pretty
much
operating
in
a
silo.
There
was
almost
no
interconnection
between
cross
borders
of
various
countries,
so
packets
between
one
country
to
the
other
in
Africa
all
had
to
go
through
Europe.
E
We
didn't
understand
why
some
of
the
ixps
one
responsive
and,
as
you
saw
in
the
initial
map
that
I
showed
West
Africa,
was
pretty
much
lagging
behind
with
respect
to
ixps
and
essentially,
if
you
look
at
the
data
with
only
300
megabits
per
second
compared
to
how
much
Africa
was
importing
at
the
time,
there
was
what
we
term
then
as
an
Internet
transit
deficit,
which,
in
comparison
to
other
regions,
was
quite
huge.
So
the
next
slide.
So
we
opted
to
stop
the
work
and
to
start
the
work
we
wanted
to
identify.
E
How
do
we
actually
scope
out
what
we
need
to
do
and
have
an
impact?
And
the
first
thing
we
went
our
head
to
do
next
slide
is
to
map
out
the
partners
or
whom
we
need
to
work
out
with
able
to
partner
with
and
collaborate
with,
to
be
able
to
create
an
impact,
and
so
we
did
an
exercise
where
we
mapped
out
what
we
call
the
spheres
of
influence
and
identify
the
policymakers.
E
The
operators
and
service
providers,
the
IXPs
and
the
technical
community
as
part
of
the
ecosystem
that
we
needed
to
engage
with
in
developing
peering
and
interconnection
in
Africa
next
slide.
Please,
and
in
so
doing,
we
were
able
now
to
start
mapping
out
how
the
whole
work
with
those
partners
to
do
work
when
it
came
to
issues
of
like
technical
and
best
practice,
workshops
for
countries
that
either
didn't
have
our
X
P,
zorada
XPS,
but
didn't
have.
The
training
where
there
were
new
ixb
is
expected
and
help
them
set
up.
The
equipment
beat
actual
setup.
E
We
did
provide
technical
assistance
as
well
and
also
held
XP
meetings
and,
two
years
later,
into
the
walk
around
2010,
we
launched
the
African
pairing
and
interconnection
forum
where
we
were
bringing
together
the
operators,
the
service
providers,
the
policy
makers
ixps
to
talk
about
peering,
and
you
know
like
at
that
particular
meeting.
We'll
start
the
event
with
what
we
call
the
the
peering
game,
which
basically
help
people
have
a
better
understanding
of
what
the
peering
and
interconnection
was
all
about.
E
E
We
are
seeing
new
data
centers
coming
up
there
in
the
region,
there's
been
policy
review
in
favor
of
ixps
and
so
on,
and
as
a
result
of
the
work
that
we
did.
If
you
look
at
the
next
slide,
you
will
see
that
we
were
able
to
implement
or
we
were
able
to
be
successfully
build
and
implement
the
African
Union
project
called
axis
and
that
helped
us
do
a
total
of
about
63
workshops
within
a
period
of
two
years,
basically
created
a
new
partnership
between
the
African
Union
and
the
Internet
Society
on
the
technical
community.
E
E
If
you
come
to
Africa,
not
just
policy
makers,
but
decision
makers
are
well
aware
about
IXPs
and
the
value
that
they
bring
so
and
also
at
another
important
issue
here
is
also
the
issue
of
cross
border,
and
we
we've
seen
that
that
has
also
had
an
impact.
So
if
you
look
at
the
next
slide,
I
did
mention
about
active,
and
one
of
the
things
I
wanted
to
mention
about.
The
success
of
our
thief
is
that
ability
to
partner
and
collaborate
has
actually
yielded
more
than
50
organizations
supporting
the
event.
E
We
look
at
this
low
this
banner.
Rather,
this
is
just
active.
Last
year
we
had
more
than
30
sponsors
coming
to
the
event
and
supporting
organizations,
and
so
on
so-
and
this
is
just
one
year
and
we've
been
on
for
the
last
night-
so
it's
it's
a
great
success
in,
in
my
view,
and
basically
a
clear
indicator
that
to
have
an
impact
collaboration
and
partnership
is
is
key.
So
what
are
the
outcomes
and
very
quickly
before
I
ran
out
of
time?
E
So
the
first
outcome
was
that
there
was
an
accepted
vision
for
Africa
where
80%
of
the
traffic
is.
There
is
a
vision
to
reverse
that
internet
transit
deficit,
where
80%
of
the
traffic
who
is
expected
to
be
locally
accessible
and
only
20%
international
by
the
year
2020.
Now
this
may
sound
ambitious,
has
sounded
ambitious,
but
you
know
a
couple
of
years
ago
we
had
networks
saying
that
they
have
reached
70/30
and
they
will
get
there
before
they
year.
2020.
E
E
Timer
and
so
there's
been
a
lot
of
IXPs
emerging
in
the
West
are
not
part
of
the
continent,
so
I'll
just
quickly
go
through
the
next
set
of
slides,
because
I
think
I
have
about
2
2
minutes
left,
so
the
growth
in
the
continent
has
been
significant
in
terms
of
the
traffic
as
you
can
see.
So
this
is
data
that
f
IX
maintains
with
respect
to
using
the
baseline
that
we
did
in
2008
the
next
slide.
You
will
see
that
we've
had
traffic
growing
very
fast
over
400
gig.
E
You
are
able
to
see
what
percentage
of
the
networks
of
a
essence
in
a
particular
country
are
connecting
to
a
particular
IX
next
slide,
please
so
looking
at
the
name
and
then
next
slide,
you
will
also
be
able
to
see
what
happens
between
cross
border,
and
this
is
an
example
of
Tanzania.
Where
you
can
see.
There
is
a
huge
number
of
AfriNIC
external
to
Tanzania,
afrinic
essence
external
to
Tanzania
that
are
connected
or
visible
at
the
exchange
point
in
Tanzania.
So
next
slide,
please
and.
E
The
next
one
as
well,
so,
despite
all
of
these
days
being
a
couple
of
challenges
as
and
I,
think
a
lot
of
the
challenges
are
quite
what
we've
we
found
with
a
couple
of
slight
improvements.
The
issues
with
terrestrial
infrastructure,
career
neutral
data-
centers,
are
not
there.
Cross-Border
is
still
not
to
the
level
where
we'd
like
it
to
be
next
slide
and,
of
course,
the
issue
of
managing
stakeholder
interest,
because
when
governments
to
get
involved,
it
does
stand
out
to
have
some
create
some
problems.
However,
the
work
still
continues
and
basically
I.
E
Experienced
some
challenges
with
respect
to
you
know
not
having
sustainable
business
models
where
they
have
volunteer
staff
and
being
able
to
keep
up
with
everything,
that's
happening
versus
paid
staff
and
also
issues
of
good
governance
and
meeting
their
obligations
next
slide,
please.
So
the
work
continues
next
next,
yes,
so
the
work
continues,
and
basically
some
of
the
work
that
we're
going
tends
to
address
some
of
the
challenges,
and
basically
we
would
like
to
make
sure
that
we
support
IXPs
with
the
equipment
capacity.
E
Building
new
ones
are
supported,
support
the
work
that
f
IX
is
doing
in
bringing
together
the
stakeholders
work
on
measurements,
to
make
sure
that
these
increasing
data
available
to
see
what
they
where
the
gaps
are
and
where
need
more
efforts
need
to
be
put
in
place
and
also
continuing
to
push
on
policy
issues
to
address
some
of
the
pending
issues
on
cross
border
interconnection
and
terrestrial
capacity
availability
across
the
continues.
So
one
of
the
things
that
we
are
working
on
on
the
next
slide
is
we
have
an
ongoing.
E
We've
seen
has
been
a
challenge
and
we
have
a
process
in
place
to
help
a
couple
of
IXPs
over
the
next
three
years
to
sort
of
help
them
implement
caches
at
the
exchange
points
that
can
be
shared
with
all
the
stakeholders,
so
that
sort
of
shows
that
the
partnership
is
continuing.
We've
had
a
relatively
good
success
and
we
continue
to
identify
with
partners
and
organizations
that
have
many
interests
in
developing
the
the
ixb
and
pair
in
pairing
and
interconnection
causes
them
in
Africa
to
to
improve
that
space.
A
A
Ok,
I
see
no
one
in
the
room
Mizuki.
Thank
you
very
much.
The
slides
are
uploaded
into
the
Gaia
deck
and
yep.
There's
some
very
interesting
comments.
Thank
you
very
much
for
2
key
for
people
with
some
of
the
people
in
the
Java
chat
and
for
those
of
you
that
had
heard
Mr
Key
talked
about
the
African
peering
and
interconnection
forum
that
happens
in
August
August
20th
through
22nd.
A
It's
really
been
an
amazing
event
to
watch
the
number
of
networks
coming
in
the
content,
delivery
and
general
operators,
but
people
everything
from
submarine,
cable
operators
to
trust
for
our
providers,
attend
those
meetings
to
talk
about
building
the
African
internet.
So
thank
you
very
much
matsuki.
If
anyone
has
any
other
questions,
Maki's
reachable,
I
think
his
emails
and
the
presentation-
and
thank
you
very
much
so
the
next
person
up
is
Miriam
Cunha
from
ripe,
a
sister
organization
of
of
many
of
ours
and
she's,
going
to
talk
about
ripe
tools.
F
That's
that
was
amazing
progress,
I,
remember
the
early
days
and
I'm
we
took
in
all
those
colleagues
have
done
and
a
tremendous
job
there
now
to
something
completely
different.
F
Some
of
you
might
be
familiar
with
this
I
just
gonna.
Do
it's
a
bit
of
a
mixed
bag
of
certain
tools
and
datasets
that
might
be
relevant
and
it
there
are
all
available
and
publicly
accessible.
So
it
might
be
interesting
for
researchers
was
also
operators,
and
some
of
them
also
helped
to
measure
this
kind
of
progress,
and
that
patchouli
has
some
shown
well
I'm
not
going
to
talk
about
what
there
are
ir
s--.
F
Maybe
most
of
you
have
are
familiar
with
it.
So
many
of
you
have
a
ripe
Atlas
probe
at
home.
Alright,
yes,
good
I,
don't
didn't
bring
any,
but
I
hope
you
have
a
new
version.
L
and
I'll
talk
about
in
a
second.
So
it's
basically
is
an
distributed
measurement
network
that
does
active
measurements
and
from
Network
I'm,
not
traffic,
but
I'm
delay
is
basically
so
I'll
get
to
that.
So
we
have
over
10,000
of
them
available.
We
just
came
out
with
a
new
version
version.
Four,
it's
this
one.
F
It's
about
its
yeah
bit
more
stable
than
your
one
has
more
memory
and
it's
kind
of
a
little
bit
better.
We
also
have
this
called
Atlas
anchors,
there's
kind
of
mega
probes.
They
have
more
memory
and
can
do
more
measurements,
and
they
can
also
use
as
targets
for
other
probes
and
we
covering
over
180
countries.
At
the
moment,
with
those
probes,
you
saw
the
map
early
on
and
I
was
still
working
on
expanding
the
reach,
like
all
the
topology.
So
you
can
see.
F
We
are
currently
I'm
covering
3600
ipv4
SS
and
about
1500
RP
v6
a
SS,
so
they
still
serve
up
to
do
because
they're
a
lot
more
out
there,
and
so
we're
now,
starting
to
actively
distribute
these
new
probes
and,
as
I
said,
all
the
data
is
publicly
available
and
I
believe
I
have
a
link
on
this
slide
at
the
bottom.
You
can
find
statistics
you
can
find
api's
and
and
graphics
and
everything,
and
so
it
does
what
these
little
devices
do.
F
Basically,
you
plug
them
in
your
router
at
home
or
in
your
network
somewhere,
and
they
do
active
measurements
and
they're
listed
there
like
Pinterest
or
DNS.
As
a
sell
ntp
and
to
a
certain
extent,
HTTP-
and
I
could
do
a
whole
different
presentation
about
the
whole
ethical
background
of
these
measurement
measurements-
which
actually
really
interesting-
but
I'm
not
going
to
do
that
now,
because
HTTP
measurements
was
a
huge
discussion
in
are
some
people
wanted
us
to
enable
them?
F
But
there
is
also
a
certain
risk
associated
with
that
if
you,
because
you
can
use
other
people's
probes
to
initiate
measurements
and
HTTP
measurements
and
some
countries
or
certain
websites
and
some
country
stirs,
aren't
you
know
illegal,
and
so
we
only
enabled
HTTP
measurements
towards
these
mega
probes,
these
anchors
and
so
the
house
of
these
anchors.
They
are
aware
of
this
and
they
accept
that
here
there
are
api.
Is
there
visualizations?
They
also
some
command-line
tools
and
you
can
stream
real-life
data.
There's
a
lot
of
data
out
there
at
the
moment.
F
Also,
you
can
run
your
measurements,
but
it's
always
worth
looking
if
somebody
else
has
already
done
a
similar
measurement
that
you
could
just
reuse
and
a
new
thing
I
wanted
to
mention
yesterday
as
a
whole,
lot
of
people
have
come
up
with
the
greatest
use
cases.
If
you
have
never
foreseen
and
for
ripe
Atlas
and
there's
a
lot
of
use
cases
and
statistics
and
graphics
published
already
on
on
the
red
labs
blog
that
we're
running,
this
is
a
relatively
new
thing.
F
I
wanted
to
show
you
because
and
it's
it
sounds
kind
of
nice
and
all
of
your
country's
infrastructure,
and
so
we
kind
of
gotten
back
come
back
to
end-to-end
measurement.
So
a
lot
of
there's
a
lot
of
client-to-server
measurements
out
there,
because
it's
under
what
people
do
to
improve
traffic
and
and
cost
some
optimization,
and
so
we
looked
at
peer-to-peer
and
service
connections
and
and
and
and
came
up
with
this
there's
a
link
here,
you
can
go
there
today,
I
think
the
slides,
I
think
the
link
on
the
slides
are
all
interactive.
F
You
can
click
on
them
and
and
then
you
get
something
like
well
I'll
get
to
that.
The
basis
tool
is
based
on
web
atlas,
but
also
in
the
AP
mix
later
they're
they're
population
data
that
they
publish
and
this
based
on
Atlas
and
another
tool.
It's
kind
of
measures,
the
IXPs
traffic
that
goes
through
IX
peas
and
there's
also
interesting
tool
to
link
there
and
all
that
together.
We
came
up
with
something
like
this,
so
this
is
just
an
example.
F
This
Belgium
and
you
probably
can't
read
the
all
the
descriptions
there,
but
what
you
basically
see
is
the
main
service
providers
in
that
country
of
the
main
network
in
that
country
and
only
those
networks
that
have
more
than
one
percent
user
base
in
that
particular
country.
And
so
we
only
look
at
when
I,
say
country,
there's
like
Atlas
probes
in
in
that
country,
right
and
and
the
population
data
that
ap
need
provides,
and
so
the
larger
the
ring
is
that
you
can
see
the
larger
the
segment
of
the
ring,
the
larger
the
network.
F
And
then
you
have
these
little
dots
in
there
and
in
the
ring,
that's
the
end
users,
and
so
we
basically
measure
one
Atlas
probe
to
another
Atlas
probe
and
then
the
path
that
this
this
part
trace
routes,
kind
of
do-
and
so
you
can
see
in
the
middle,
for
instance
here
is
a-
is
an
orange
like
ring.
That's
an
exchange
point.
So
you
can
see
some
traffic
goes
through
an
exchange
point.
F
Actually
now
so
from
month
to
month,
you
see
traffic
going
through
exchange
for
incident,
then
the
exchange
but
disappears
it
comes
back.
So
it's
quite
interesting.
This
is
the
US.
For
instance,
you
see
a
lot
of
little
networks.
There
so
I
said
only
the
networks
that
have
more
than
one
percent
users,
so
the
gap
there
is
all
the
other
networks
that
you
didn't
even
take
into
account.
So
there
are
a
lot
more
networks
in
there.
So
that's
a
very
meshed
kind
of
a
network
in
the
u.s..
F
A
lot
of
em
transit
providers,
a
lot
of
exchange
points,
so
that's
kind
of
one
extreme
if
you
will
and
the
others
that
are
much
more
clean
like
the
Germans,
and
so
this
one
is
one
has
a
lot
like
German
touch.
Telecom
is
a
big
one
and
there
are
like
three
or
so
exchange
points.
A
lot
of
traffic
goes
through
and
then
there
it's
it's
a
quite
a
stable
and
network
there,
and
this
is
Slovakia
I
thought
you're
close
by
so
I'll
show
that
most
of
the
traffic
there
goes
to
exchange
points.
F
So
you
see,
though
you
don't
see
any
transit
providers,
so
it's
all
exchange
point
and
based
or
direct
through
Network
like
one
network
to
another.
So
that's
another
interesting
an
example
right.
So
you
can
go
to
the
website
and
play
with
that.
Look
at
your
country
see
how
the
situation
is
at
the
moment.
It's
still
a
prototype.
So
a
lot
of
caveats.
But
if
you
see
anything
that
looks
weird
use,
some
contact
us
and
they'll
go
we'll
investigate
another.
F
Relatively
new
thing
we
did
is
geolocation
for
infrastructure,
it's
also
based
on
web
atlas
and
so
and
we
crowdsourcing
that
so
we're
using
some
other
web
Atlas
data,
but
also
other
data
sources
that
we
yeah
we
kind
of
put
together
in
one
tool,
and
then
we
make
me
we
calculate
the
average
and
and
and
publish
that
and
there's
a
lab
article
I'm
about
that.
How
we
actually
do
that-
and
it
kind
of
looks
like
this,
so
you
can
fill
in
this
interface.
F
If
you
go
to
the
website
and
fill
in
I
am
in
this
case
I
put
in
m6
just
to
show
you
know
and
it
measured
it
finds
that
the
location
and
then
it
measures
stress
routes.
For
instance,
you
can
see
visualization
there,
how
traffic
goes
from
one
thing
to
the
other
and
just
I
wanna
stress
that
this
is
infrastructure.
So
it's
like
servers
they're,
basically,
that
we
find
in
in
the
traceroute
she's,
not
end-user,
I'm
geolocation.
F
Another
set
of
tools
that
we
provide
or
another
tool
is
probably
familiar
to
most
of
you.
I
think
we
took
you
mentioned
route
views,
and
this
is
another
one
and
the
routing
information
service
that
the
ripe
ncc
is
been
I'm
running
for
I,
don't
know
20
years
or
so.
It
basically
is
a
network
of
BGP
route
collectors
like
worldwide
and
collects
a
lot
of
data,
so
it
has
over
18
years
or
maybe
20
years
of
routing
history.
But
by
now
it's
used
a
lot
by
researchers
and
operators
and
has
a
number
of
peers.
F
F
I
didn't
put
a
link
and
I
think
I
have
a
slide
on
that
later
on
I'm,
right
status,
kind
of
graphical
interface,
where
you
can
also
access
all
the
datasets
that
I
am
presenting
here,
and
this
is
a
new
thing
we
started
and
we
announced
a
few
weeks
ago.
It's
a
live
stream
and
risk
based
on
wrist
data,
and
that's
been
received
very
well
in
the
community,
because
that
makes
it
much
easier
to
monitor
changes
in
an
inner
routing
system
and
it's
just
an
a
screenshot
of
an
example
there.
F
And
finally,
all
this
is
in
in
the
right
stats
interface
that
I
just
mentioned.
It
looks
like
this.
This
is
a
graphical
interface
you
can
put
in
an
IP
address,
or
an
answer
number
or
a
domain
name
or
a
country
code
also,
and
then
it
kind
of
spits
out
a
bunch
of
measurements
that
we
have
based
on
that
resource,
and
so
it
has
a
default
view
where
you
can
see
it's
yes,
number
Francis
in
this
case
is
announced.
Where
is
it
located?
And
then
you
can
dive
into
the
little
menu
bar
menus?
F
F
We
have
the
raw
data
available,
so
these
are
the
data
sets
that
are
currently
available
through
website.
As
I
said,
all
the
main
data
sets
that
we
collect
ourselves.
Obviously
the
IPE
registry
data
from
us
in
the
other
areas,
also
my
braces
in
there
are
Atlas
data
and
a
bunch
of
external
data
sets
and
they're
listed
here,
so
it
it
gives
quite
an
interesting
overview
of
a
certain
of
a
specific
resource
that
you
can
look
up
there
merely
over
50
widgets
at
the
moment,
and
you
can
embed
them
on
your
own
website.
F
You
use
them
for
monitoring
or
alerts
and
there's
a
lot
of
documentation
and
an
API
and
raw
data.
Everything
there
yeah
I'm
not
going
to
go
through
all
the
use
case.
This
is
just
some
examples
here
and
I.
Think
that's
it.
That's
the
last
slide
with
a
bunch
of
references.
You
can
look
them
up.
Some
of
them
are
kind
of
in
prototype,
like
the
XP
country,
Jedi
and
the
user
to
user
measurements.
I
mentioned
earlier,
you
can.
F
You
can
play
with
the
interface
there
and
let
us
know
what
you
think
I
think
that's
it
that
one
was
live.
I
didn't
put
that
in
I.
Just
wanted
to
mention
it
a
lot
of
this-
and
you
heard
me
say
this-
is
documented
on
lab
store
by
blood
net.
The
right,
laughs
and
block
that
we
did
be
maintained
and
there
is
a
lot
of
information,
a
lot
of
use
cases
and
we
also
always
open.
F
D
G
Hi,
this
is
news
conference
from
telefĆ³nica.
You
thought
the
most
of
the
traffic.
Now,
what
this
is
is
basically
video
in
the
network,
maybe
I,
don't
say:
60
70
percent
of
the
traffic
is
video.
Have
you
considered
in
as
you
consider
to
implement
the
kind
of
test
for
miss
reading
this
I'm?
Maybe
four
four
well
as
the
video
YouTube
or
something
like
that.
You.
F
Said
HTTP,
traffic,
yeah
and
I'm
not
sure
if
you
have
a
specific
visualization
on
that
because,
as
I
said
earlier,
we
only
allow
HTTP
measurements
towards
these
anchors
and
we
have
about
400
of
them
in
the
network.
So
it's
not
that
many,
but
I'm
not
aware
that
we
actually
look
specifically
at
there.
But
it's
a
good
point.
We
could
and
vivica
to
that.
F
I
know
that
I'm
and
like
Mickey,
media
and
other,
and
also
other
content
providers,
have
used
from
Atlas
to
look
at
the
placement
of
their
of
their
CD
and
basically
so
that's
one
thing,
but
that's
more
like
content,
but
it
has
of
course
HTTP
in
there.
But
you
I,
don't
know
if
you
have
specifically
looked
at
that,
but
it's
a
good
suggestion.
Thanks.
H
H
H
In
between
the
trace
route,
routers
addresses:
how
do
you
resolve
them
because
I
don't
find
any
ISP
that
they
own
those
IPs
I'm,
not
sure.
We
analyzed
that?
Okay,
because
you
present
it,
though
s
diagram
and
then
because
these
are
the
SS
those
which
IPS
are
resolved
to
those
SS,
but
the
rest
of
the
I
prisms
asking
oh
they're.
F
A
J
I,
do
it
yeah
I
have
one
question
and
one
comment.
My
question
is:
what
is
the
coverage
of
yet
last
box?
Do
you
have
now
I
remember
in
the
old
days
you
are
pushing
for
put
more
and
more
so
if
you
need
to
kill
some
help
so
that
we
promote
them
in
the
regions
and
and
how
my
second
information
I
have
to
say
is
you
are
talking
about
no
use
cases
that
you
think
about,
and
there
it
one
funny
one.
J
J
J
F
Really
it's
a
relative
to
Madhu's
case
I
know.
People
also
use
it
basically
to
double
to
to
check
up
the
power
so
on
in
their
house
when
they
are
on
travel
and
they
have
like
a
vacation
home
somewhere
remote,
because
it
will
give
you
a
warning
if
the
probes
off,
apparently
maybe
the
powers
off
we'll
all
right,
but
then
to
your
first
question.
Yes,
you
still
definitely
need
a
better
coverage,
specifically
outside
Europe,
so
we
are
still
very
much
interested
in
you.
Helping
out
with
distributing
the
props
and
I
know.
F
I
sock
is
helping
a
lot
disturbing
them.
Afrinic
and
mother
are
ers.
We
had
a
bit
of
a
gap
now
because
we
just
came
out
with
these
new
probes,
but
you're
now
back
on
the
game
now,
so
we
are
definitely
interested
in
in
and
covering
and
distributing
more
probes.
So,
thanks
for
your
help,
I
know
you
are
helping
out
a
lot
hi.
K
Marion
Brooks
go
food
from
Janet.
What
was
the
name
of
that
service
that
does
the
the
Magic
Circle
diagram,
I'm.
K
K
K
F
A
D
D
A
B
Good
morning,
everyone
I'm
Terry
Botha
from
Barcelona
we
work
in
small,
is
be
budget
on
fiber
and
wireless
networks.
We
deliver
services
to
the
end-users
and
also
for
news
station
also
for
public
companies,
and
we
are
Macedon
defeated
net
condition.
So
all
network
that
we
are
building
is
a
basset
on
common
networks
and
can
be
used
by
other
operators.
Joints
give
enough
information,
so
today
we
want
to
talk
about
the
fiber
optic
external
plan
or
the
best
practices
for
start,
a
project
of
all
fiber.
B
B
B
We
can
see
the
visibility
of
the
project
which,
with
colleagues
we
need
to
have
in
Preston,
and
the
first
is
the
capex
available
and
for
calculate
the
capex.
One
of
the
most
important
thing
is:
if
we
have
stable
work
in
it
to
deploy
the
fiber,
so
is
the
most
expensive
part
of
the
project
and
if
we
can
plan
before
that,
will
help
us
to
have
a
very
close
number.
Two.
The
final
price
of
the
of
the
deployed,
also
we
need
to
have
to
plan
is
the
transport
availability.
B
We
will
do
radio
or
via
fiber
optic,
and
it
depends
of
the
remotely
zone
if
is
connected
apart.
So
we
can
plan
out
so
wireless
links
to
transport
link
to
the
main
point
of
present,
we
need
to
talk
about
the
obits,
the
mind
Ellis
cost,
because
we
will
have
then
to
maintenance
lead
network.
It's
not
only
need
to
start.
We
need
to
calculate
the
transport
services.
What's
the
cost
of
that,
the
maintenance
that
we
it
would
have,
he
goes
to
you'd
like
an
operator
or
an
Associated,
then
we'll
we'll
have
a
mr.
B
I
B
So
it's
very,
very
important
thing
to
be
considered
at
Dutch
for
planning
this
those
things
we
have
access
to
the
movie
star
database,
where
we
can
see
the
kernelization
the
current
conducts
and
have
an
idea
if
we
talking
about
X
meters
of
conducted
cables
or
if
we
need
to
pass
some
poles
or
walls
and
follow
the
path
that
normally
is
decided
by.
My
mom
stuff
is
not
mandatory,
but
it's
very
very
recommended,
through
after
planning
in
in
the
middle
also
for
rent
this
kind
of
conduit
that
owns
the
operator
here
in
Spain.
I
B
Of
the
tie,
and
and
of
course
if
we
need
to
have
changed
then
for
plan
again
the
problem,
but
for
now
it's
it's
a
bi-level
in
Spain
to
that
website.
So
that's
the
reclining
that
you
need
to
do.
You
can
see
in
the
picture
a
replacement
of
one
pole
that
we
need
to
change
it,
but
another
bigger
and
stronger,
and
also
maybe
the
conducts
inside
this,
the
second
picture,
if
the.
If
this
is
full,
then
we
need
to
construct
another
wall
or
maybe
we
need
to
try
another
way.
B
There
are
systems
that
we
have
used
in
the
past,
maybe
passing
the
cable
through
the
conduit
of
water.
This
is
a
very
new
implementation
is
not
cheap,
but
it
has
a
very
good
presence
because
we
can
passed
a
fiber
between
put
the
conduit
first
inside
the
tube
and
then
pass
the
fiber
inside
the
condo,
and
it
can
be
done
in
long
distances.
So
it's
a
very,
very
interesting
thing
to
do,
because
here.
B
Then
we
need
to
locate
where
the
connections
will
will
aggregate
its
call
it
data
center.
It
can
be
inside
the
municipality
building
or
maybe
if
they
have
one
close.
We
need
to
construct
a
box
and
that's
an
example
of
one
of
that
we
did
is
a
very
small
stuff,
so
it
can
be
very,
very
deploying
fastly
and
it
has
a
very
good
traction.
B
One
of
the
most
important
things
is
the
bigger
aspects.
So
if
we
are
now
sure
that
we
can
pass
the
fibre
glas.t
if
the
law
is
allowing
us
to
do
and
then
we
need
to
ask
each
participant
in
between
the
deployment
if
we
can
pass
the
fiber
over
there,
so
first,
we
need
to
tell
me
that
the
program
plan
document
what
what
is
the
sign
of
the
network,
the
most
ready.
B
They
have
sometimes
two
vans.
Well,
if
they
don't
answer
in
months-
and
the
answer
is
yes,
we
can
go
ahead.
The
project
for
municipalities
sometimes
your
period
because
they
are
technical
aspects
that
they
want
to
know,
of
course,
if
they
have
entrusted
to
in
in
the
towns
they
need
to
know
where
from
where
passing
and
have
all
of
them
documented.
So
it's
very
important
if
the
palatal
credit
perform
a
project
with
all
the
technical
aspects.
B
Also,
as
I
say,
the
permissions
can
be
from
the
quality
is
from
the
general
news
station,
maybe
for
larger
infested,
two
craters,
the
train
or
highway
reiatives,
but
also
can
be
done
by
particular
owners
that
can
give
us
permission
to
past
the
fiber
and
also
the
permissions
related
to
the
the
man
code.
The
process
of
ask
movie
star
about
the
conduct
is
performant
by
fund
a
CEO,
give
he
does
that
that
it
merits.
This
is
wait.
B
B
Also,
we
need
to
cover
some
areas
that
are
very,
very
full
other
ones
that
are
very
empty,
like
industrial
areas,
sometimes
they
they
have
only
feel
so
we
need
to
blend
that
the
term
of
the
network
from
what
is
coming
and
for
many
fibers.
We
will
have
also
need
to
calculate
the
in
the
network.
Design
of
the
power
loss
that
we
have
in
between
the
passive
elements
Jeep
on
deployment
does
not
need
from
power
source
in
elements
that
are
in
between.
So
it's
very
good
advantage.
B
Also,
the
guy
fabric
able
has
a
very
low
loss,
and
also
the
prices
are
very,
very,
very
low
in
the
inter
loss.
Well,
we
found
the
most
lost
is
in
the
splitter
is
where
we
separate
the
fiber
in
order
to
have
a
lot
of
customers
connected
in
one
single
fiber.
As
you
see,
the
level
split
is
increasing
a
lot
those
passive
of
the
elderly,
so
we
need
to
take
it
very,
very,
very
hard.
B
Also
for
perform
on
a
poor
design,
it's
very
helpful
to
have
some
some
tools
that
can
help
us
to
to
make
grouse
to
plan
the
cable.
The
poles
each
element
in
the
network
needs
to
be
represented
in
in
the
design,
because
then
we
can
find
some
trouble
some
problems
and
we
can
separate
them
and
make
it
easy
the
distribution.
So
it's
a
very
important
thing
in
diffident
that
we
have
five
or
five
that
is
an
open
source
network
deployed
by
some
of
the
ITU
is
inside.
B
Let's
go
with
the
cable
deployment,
that's
the
dirty
job.
That
I
said
needs
to
be
done
by
very
strong
people,
because
it's
working
and
outdoors
it's
very
very
hard.
We
have
the
sound
we
had.
The
rain
had
a
cold,
so
we
need
to
plan
this.
This
with
my
recommendation,
is
to
have
a
very
close
employees,
not
to
use
super
entered
ones,
because
then
the
cable
is
done
not,
but
not
fine.
It's
bad
on,
so
we
prefer
to
to
work
with
very
close
people
I'm
so
by
them.
B
B
B
Some
of
them
have,
as
you
see,
the
cost
of
the
material
of
the
connector
is
higher,
but
it
avoids
one
pushing
so
it
saves
time,
maybe
also
it
prevents
the
manipulation
of
the
passive
network,
because
the
box
is
always
closed.
The
Technica
the
technician
needs
only
to
connect
one
side
and
also
wood
inside
the
facilities
of
the
customer
and
then
do
a
splice
inside
the
other
way.
B
Also.
We
need
a
lot
of
tools
for
do
the
chiral
deployment.
You
will
need
a
very
weak
either
to
pass
through
the
longest
conducts.
Also,
you
will
need
a
Spicer
that
is
not
cheap,
an
expensive
tool.
You
will
need
some
synchronization
staff
now
so
other
tools
that
maybe
you
need,
or
maybe
not
depending
on
the
area
here.
Sometimes
it
rains
a
lot
of
all
the
condoms
are
full
of
water.
B
So,
first
we
need
to
go
over
there
with
a
water
Bowman
and
keep
driver
and
the
country
also,
you
need
to
take
care
about
the
loops
leave
some
some
cable
just
for
maintenance
or
just
we,
you
need
to
change
the
pole.
Have
the
possibility
to
delete
not
have
a
very
short
cable
that
will
not
permit
the
work?
Okay,
the
cheap
one
with
Tronics
that
we
need
to
consider
about
the
dimension
capacity.
B
The
price
are
very,
very,
very
cute.
All
of
them
are
have
a
very
good
price
now,
so
that's
not
very
expensive
stuff,
but
maybe
we
need
to
dimension
about
the
consume
of
the
device,
or
maybe
the
number
of
end
users
that
we
will
have
in
that.
So
it
depends
on.
It
will
happen
and
the
final
step
is
to
keep
in
mind
maintenance,
because
the
network
will
need
it
for
sure
over
the
time
of
the
fiber
are
very
strong
networks.
We
low
incidence.
B
So
none
of
the
incidence,
the
80%
of
the
incidents
are
in
the
households,
so
keep
in
mind
always
have
very
good
tools
like
the
optical
reflectometer.
That
will
keep
as
a
complete
vision
of
the
path,
including
all
the
cushions,
all
the
connectors
that
are
in
between
so
with
that
tool.
We
can
see
in
a
really
fast
way
how
to
wear
to
go
to
repair
that
problem.
B
A
B
B
B
I
B
So
we
have
some
Detroiters
that
are
responsible
of
film.
The
device
so
put
film
work
that
we
know
that
is
it's
okay
and
it's
original
from
the
brand,
and
also
we
check
after
if
the
eyes
are
doing
some
things
we
are
scanning,
we
are
doing
a
lot
of
research
in
that
point
and
from
now
we
can
be
confident
and
with
that
breath.
A
B
A
For
folks
in
the
room
who
don't
know
goofy
net,
it's
probably
the
largest
community
network
in
the
world,
at
least
over
what
Java
over
150,000
users
write
in
different
places:
yeah,
okay
and
there's
plenty
of
information
online
to
agree
feed
net.
So
you
Leandro
we're
gonna
coop
your
slides,
but
you're
up
next
and
they'll
just
ask
the
next
three
presenters.
We
have
about
30
minutes,
so
I'm
gonna
ask
you
to
go
pretty
quickly
if
you
can
and
all
your
slides
are
uploaded.
A
L
Consider
the
objective
of
the
representation
is
to
talk
about
like
one
of
the
one
of
the
activities
we
can
do
in
India,
which
is
about
proposing
racing
information
about
best
current
practices
on
on
different
aspects.
So,
some
years
ago
we
we
had
an
effort
in
India
to
to
document
alternative
ways
other
than
the
well
known
to
develop
connectivity
and
then
so
maybe
next
slide
yeah.
So
it
was
RFC
79
62
that
covers
different
technologies
in
different
cases.
L
So
things
have
changed
significantly
in
in
some
of
the
aspects
of
that
document,
and
then
the
discussion
was
if
we
can
think
about
doing
a
document
to
report
some
of
the
best
current
practices
beyond
beyond
the
previous
document.
Next
slide.
So
yeah
the
I
started
the
idea
of
looking
at
particularly
some
developments.
We
have
changed
which
have
changed
in
the
last
time,
which
is
connected
to
the
previous
presentation,
is
nowadays.
L
Fiber
has
become
more
easy
to
deploy
more
cost-effective
and
there
are
several
examples
of
operators
which
are
not
the
typical
commercial
operators,
but
that
can
find
that
find
and
succeed
in
in
delivering
high
speed
broadband
Corrections
in
communities
that
otherwise
doesn't
seem
to
be
target
of
commercial
deployments.
And
then,
of
course,
every
case
is
like
complex
and
and
particular,
and
their
idea
is
to
understand
what
are
the
mechanisms
to
do
it?
What
are
the
environmental
factors
to
allow
that
to
facilitate
replication
in
especially
in
underserved
areas
or
as
alternatives
to
other
options
and
next
slide?
L
So
there
are
several
cases
that
that
match
this
idea
of
gigabit
fiber
networks
and
then-
and
there
are
as
I
said,
technology
allows,
but
the
difficulty
many
times
is
about
a
huge
investment
required
to
do
that.
That
can
be
probably
more
easily
done
in
a
centralized
by
a
centralized
entity
like
an
operator
but
which
is
difficult
in
cases
where
the
operator
doesn't
have
an
incentive
to
do
it
or
it's
not
interested,
because
it's
not
profitable
but
is
socially
profitable
for
the
community
to
have
it.
There
are
I
mean
initial
investments,
maintenance
costs.
L
So
so,
with
a
few
people
started
a
survey
to
collect
information
about
some
cases,
which
is
the
serve
attention
as
potential
candidates
to
do
this
SQL
practice
on
optical
alternative
networks,
and
then
we
were
certain
to
collect
information
about
where
they
are.
What
is
the
financial
financing
investment
model,
how
they
are
organized
illegally?
But
what
is
the
economic
model?
The
governance
is
related
to
license
stakeholders
regulation
in
that
particular
place
incentives
which
enable
or
disable
the
development
of
these
networks.
L
What
are
the
differences
and
savings
compared
to
to
a
commercial
model,
and
also
an
important
factor,
is
seems
to
be
the
existence
or
not
of
Universal
Service
Fund
program
and
how
they
are
implemented
and
what
effect
they
have
in
large
that
we
know,
but
also
in
small
operators
and
and
well.
This
is
the
idea
of
the
survey
in
the
next
slide.
You
will
see
I
think
one
one
picture
of
yeah
of
the
live
spreadsheet.
L
We
are
sharing
to
collect
this
information
and
then,
for
instance,
we
we
collected
details
from
one
optical
network
that
that
runs
in
the
UK
scroll
bar.
We
also
analyzed
one
optical
network
among
the
several
in
the
given
ethical
system
and
I
want
one
that
is
different
from
Travis
one
and
one
fiber
network
in
the
US
environment,
and
so
this
is
an
ongoing
process.
So
next
is
light.
L
So
the
objective
of
this
presentation
is
to
collect
ideas
about
how
to
how
to
how
the
idea
make
might
make
sense
how
to
instruct
the
document
how
to
collect
the
tails
and
and
see
if
this
is
a
reasonable,
useful
update
over
the
previous
RFC
document
that
was
produced
in
the
working,
good
and
I
think
that's
all
I
think
there
were
videos.
My
email
contact
is
at
the
end,
so
I'm
looking
forward
to
hear
your
comments
or
life
or
maybe
by
email
about
how
we
can
develop
that
document.
Thank
you.
Thank.
A
You
Leandro
and
Leander
is
the
co-chair
of
Gaia
with
me,
and
what
he's
talking
about
is
a
great
doc
that
we
could
hack
together
on
best
current
practices
and
a
lot
of
the
community
networks
are
local
access
networks
that
are
being
built
from
the
communities
out
or
the
village
or
the
town.
The
region
are
these
small
networks
that
well
nuts
for
small.
A
If
you're
talking
about
Griffey
and
now,
there's
been
a
lot
of
publicity
recently
in
the
media
about
community
networks
because
of
the
lack
of
access
in
a
lot
of
rural,
remote
and
even
urban
areas,
and
so
you've
got
the
data.
Therefore
leandro
and
we'll
be
bringing
this
back
up
on
the
gaia
list
throughout
the
next
months
until
we
meet
up
again
in
Montreal.
So
if
you
want
to
give
some
information
to
lander,
that
would
be
excellent,
and
so
any
questions
in
the
room,
I
don't
see
any
anything
else
in
the
jabber
chat,
I.
Think
Leandra.
A
You
can
answer
there
and
we're
going
to
hop
over
to
group.
Our
colleague
hold
on
Casa
sueƱos
from
colnodo,
which
is
affiliated
with
APC,
a
great
project
that
does
lots
of
great
different
work,
but
also
specifically
on
community
networks,
and
so
we're
gonna
bring
up
your
presentation,
who
Leon
give
us
two
seconds.
C
C
C
Represent
here,
the
community
owns
the
local
network,
while
the
commercial
operator
owns
the
network,
the
community
design
builds
and
defines
how
the
network
will
operate.
This
is
digital
autonomy,
while
the
commercial
operator
is
the
one
who
designs
builds
and
defines
the
way
in
which
the
network
will
operate
and
the
Community
Network
defines
the
fees
it
will
set
for
its
affiliate,
while
the
commercial
operator
is
the
one
who
defines
the
price
that
will
charge.
C
Community
networks
are
not-for-profit,
while
the
commercial
operator
seeks
to
obtain
the
greatest
possibility.
Utility
revenues
are
applied
in
the
improvement
of
the
network,
innovation
training
and
remains
owned
by
the
community,
while
the
revenues
are
applied
to
network
maintenance
and
utilities
for
business
owners
and
community
owns
the
operation
along
with
our
other
communities.
That,
like
be
a
part
of
an
association
and
the
operator,
owns
the
operation
of
leases
and
concession
to
other
operators.
So
that's
a
comparison
between
the
the
two
models.
Next,
please.
C
So,
what's
the
what
we
are
offering
with
these
initiatives,
the
cellular
network
will
provide
unlimited
calls
within
the
network
or
community
networks
and
unlimited
local
messages
SMS,
and
we
will
handle
the
long-distance
and
international
calls
through
the
voice
over
IP.
So
and
also
the
network
is
providing
Internet
connectivity
provide
internet
connection
and
internal
network
services.
C
We
set
up
Internet
network
and
we
want
to
see
how
difficult
is
in
Colombia
to
interconnect
the
fiber-optic
that
reaches
most
of
the
of
the
most
of
the
municipalities
and
was
deployed
during
the
past
government
and
but
it's
still
very
expensive
to
connect
these
fiber
optics
to
the
rural
areas.
But
that's
the
in
terms
of
technical
terms
is
the
the
best
option
that
we
have
to
reach
rural
communities
with
the
best
internet
connection
and
a
more
stable.
But,
as
I
mentioned,
it's
still
very
expensive
this
next.
C
So
how
does
it
work
this
initiative?
Each
community
is
organized
to
install,
operate
and
administer
its
own
cell
cell
phone
network,
and/or
Internet,
the
an
organization
associate
communities
to
strengthen
the
networks.
Allied
organizations
provide
technological,
legal,
technical
and
administrative
advice.
This
is
our
partner
in
Mexico,
Teresa
matica.
It's
providing
all
the
support
for
the
cellular
network.
The
Association
for
progressive
communication
supports
for
appropriation
of
Technology
with
a
gender
focus,
so
we
reach
a
gender
group.
Women
in
the
area
of
the
project,
Internet
Society,
is
providing
support
as
well
and
university
of
coca
and
welcome.
C
So
it's
very
important
that
it's
a
branch
of
organizations
that
are
supporting
the
project
to
different
aspects
of
it.
The
community
administers
the
its
network,
they
cover
maintenance
fees
and
receives
advice,
training
and
reports
for
testing
services
and
for
evolution
and
improvement
of
the
network.
Next,
please,
the
technology
we
are
using
for
the
mobile
network,
it's
based
on
radio
basis,
BTS
and
control
station
equipment.
C
Next,
please,
this
is
the
expected
coverage
that
we
have
in
the
network,
as
I
mentioned,
is
located
in
Buenos
Aires
Kalka.
It's
like
a
south
west
of
the
country.
Next,
please,
and
we
have
been
supporting
the
community
to
get
organized
administered
the
system
through
a
community
operator,
and
each
network
has
a
person
that
administer
it
and
one
that
supports
the
operation
and
maintenance.
That's
the
model
that
we
want
to
implement
next,
please.
C
What
we
would
like
to
prove
with
this
palette
is
demonstrate
that
with
new
technical
organization,
now
an
economic
scheme
either
is
possible
to
provide
cellular
telephony
service
in
a
community
and
in
a
sustainable
way,
and
that
the
community
is
able
to
contribute
with
the
organizational
structure,
physical
facilities,
maintenance
of
the
network
and
also
we
are
providing
legal
support
and
technical
support.
So
we
would
like
to
prove
that
the
community
it's
able
to
ground
their
own
networks
next,
please.
C
It's
important
to
mention
that
we
have
been
since
the
beginning
and
the
signing
of
the
project,
the
participation
of
the
community,
and
they
also
identified
this
kind
of
uses
for
the
network
for
protection
of
the
community,
to
alert
in
case
of
emergencies,
to
convene
and
inform
the
community
to
have
better
internal
communications
within
the
community
and
also
to
contact
and
communicate
with
our
family
contacts
and
other
communities.
Next,
please
also
important
to
mention
that
the
community
has
been
very
active
in
all
the
process
of
the
installation.
C
As
you
can
see
in
these
slides
next,
please
and
well.
We
have
a
set
up
already.
This
is
part
of
the
installation
that
we
did
and
some
cases
we
are
using
solar
panels
to
provide
power
to
the
equipment.
Next,
please,
and
this
resumes
what
we
have
done
so
far,
and
we
did
the
in
the
first
stage,
the
identification
of
the
communities
we
wanted
to
reach
a
community
that
it's
isolated
in
rural
areas,
with
a
very
little
connectivity
and
Buenos
Aires
Kalka.
C
It's
one
of
the
zones
where
ex-combatants
of
the
guerrilla
movement
FARC
that
signed
the
peace
agreement
are
located,
so
has
been
an
important
place
to
do
this
pilot.
We
did
the
planning
to
with
the
community,
as
mentioned
we
did
the
installation
of,
and
we
are
working
with,
the
political
and
regulatory
matters,
because
in
Colombia
we
cannot
use
mobile
spectrum
that
is
required.
C
A
You
Julio
and
any
questions
in
the
room
for
who
Leon.
This
is
an
amazing
project
and
Missy
was
saying.
The
issues
with
spectrum
are
difficult
in
many
places
and
you
got
the
the
will
and
the
energy
and
the
technical
equipment
and
the
the
wherewithal.
But
then
you
can
get
hung
up
in
using
spectrum,
that's
actually
available,
but
you
don't
have
the
optimization
for
the
years.
C
A
You
Julian
I
know
how
hard
you've
been
working
on
this
and
Columbia
has
a
really
good
spectrum
ministry
and
a
great
Ministry
of
communication.
So
thank
you
for
interfacing
with
them.
I
think
what
you're
doing
is
actually
leading
the
way
for
so
many
others.
If
they're
I'm
gonna
carve
into
your
coffee
break
for
about
two
or
three
minutes
and
give
you
a
flavor
for
a
project
that
will
also
have
nico
pate
from
Ultra
Mundi
who's,
also
working
now
with
APC
we're
gonna
hop
over
to
Nico
for
a
minute.
A
M
Thank
You,
Jane
and
hi
to
everyone,
Thank
You
Jane.
Only
under
the
for
facilitating
the
space
I
am
Nico
Pacha
part
of
a
PC.
It
is
a
seizure
for
progressive
communications
for
those
that
have
not
heard
about
a
PC.
You
can
put
a
next
slide.
A
PC
is
an
international
network,
vacating
powering
and
supporting
groups
and
individuals
working
for
peace,
human
rights,
development,
protection
of
environment.
We
use
I
cities
and
we
have
been
in
in
this
this
world
in
this
space.
M
For
about
thirty
years,
a
PC
has
been
doing
access
projects
for
has
been
involved
in
in
access
and
connectivity
in
brutal
and
in
developing
countries
for
many
years.
So
next
slide
please
last
year,
if
he
has
run
a
project
that
was
called,
can
then
kinetic
on
at
themselves
was
a
project
funded
by
I
DLC.
That
was
run
together
with
resume
Attica
and
in
very
close
collaboration
with
Internet
Society
that
looked
to
a
research
a
little
bit
in
in
regards
to
this.
M
This
question
and
the
outcomes
of
this
research
have
been
many
and
they
will
be
announced
very
soon
at
the
wishes
forum
next
month
and
well.
They
have.
They
have
been
there
are
reports
in
relation
to
the
general
occasions
within
committee
networks,
the
technical
and
and
business
models
that
they
exist.
Community
networks
are
using
and
also
APC,
in
collaboration
with,
with
ISO,
have
released
some
papers
in
relation
to
spectrum
and
the
typification
of
community
networks
in
regulations
and
many
other
contributions
along
the
way
next
slide.
M
M
Well,
community
networks
from
Latin,
America,
Asia
and
Africa
will
be
supported
to
learn
from
each
other,
and
in
order
to
do
that,
so
they
have
been
already
identified
and
I
am
glad
to
say
that
corner
Pournami
Columbia
is
one
of
the
communities
that
will
be
part
of
this
nine-month
program
and
the
program
will
focus
on
strengthening
the
capabilities
of
the
existing
community
networks
such
as
so
it
all
of
those
capabilities
that
are
weak.
We
will
focus
on
helping
them
achieve
like
to
be
more
robust
and
all
of
those
strengths
that
they
already
have.
M
We
will
support
them
in
sharing
those
with.
They
are
peers.
That
would
happen
through
peer
exchanges,
so
the
community
networks
will
be
able
to
visit
each
other
to
learn
from
each
other.
We
will
encourage
them
to
produce
materials
that
they
can,
that
they
can
use
and
many
new
communities
you
share
knowledge
with
each
other,
and
also
there
is
going
to
be
set
of
workshops
in
relation
to
technologies,
metals
and
models,
and
probably
what
not
proud
part
of
it
would
be
used
to
build
a
syllabus
where
that
Camino
community
networks
will
be
able
to
use.
M
To
build
their
own,
the
next
part
will
be
the
awareness
rising.
No
please
tradition
and
the
waters
rising
and
movement
building.
So
we
don't
only.
We
saw
that
part
of
the
growth
of
the
movement.
It
happens
in
this
space
where
they
get
together.
So
we
will
support
community
networks
in
exchanging
knowledge,
not
only
with
each
other,
but
also
in
conferences,
so
we
will
support
them
in
participating
at
national
and
regional
events
and
leveling
them
up
in
a
way
like
helping
them
be
facilitators
of
spaces.
M
Next
slide,
then
there
is
the
supportive,
innovative
technology
and
I
think
this
is
been
interesting
for
all
of
you.
We
have
a
set
of
final
grants.
They
are
called
what
they.
The
purpose
of
the
Pathfinder
grants
is
for
the
community,
in
other
words,
to
be
able
to
innovate
in
technologies
or
in
policy
or
regulation
innovations
that
can
help
them
go.
One
leap
forward,
a
leap
forward,
and
this
will
be
bottom-up
innovation,
so
it
will
be
by
them
and
them
being
the
center
of
the
of
the
technology.
M
Innovation
next
slide,
then
there's
a
there's,
a
part
in
relation
to
policy
and
regulation.
So
in
this
context,
regulation
and
policy,
as
Julian
share
with
us,
it
can
be
challenging
and
the
frequencies
might
not
be
available
for
committee
networks
or
the
legal
framework
might
not
be
the
most
viable
for
communities
to
be
able
to
thrive.
M
A
You
go
and
Nikko
is
here
a
couple
I
ate
to
have
to
go
talking
about
libre
mesh
libre
router,
which
is
open
source
mesh
networking
in
servers.
So
he
also
can
give
you
some
great
data
on
that
type
of
work,
but
Nikko.
Thank
you
and
I
think
any
questions
for
Nikko.
It's
a
coffee
break
Nikko!
So
sorry
people
are
headed
out,
but
I
will
say
this
that
you're
gonna
be
up
first
in
Montreal
and
we'll
be
looking
forward
to
hearing
more
about
how
the
project
is
going.
A
Thank
you
very
much
and
we
look
forward
to
see
you
guys
in
Montreal
and
check
us
out
on
guy
for
the
BCP
that
Leandra
has
started,
and
we
can
all
add
to
it
thanks
so
much
and
appreciate
your
time
and
have
a
good
day.
So
thank
you
to
everybody,
really
great
presentations
and
keep
up
the
good
work
to
connect
people
who
are
unconnected.
Thank
you.