►
From YouTube: IETF106-GAIA-20191119-1330
Description
GAIA meeting session at IETF106
2019/11/19 1330
https://datatracker.ietf.org/meeting/106/proceedings/
A
A
A
A
So,
if
you're
sitting
in
this
room
welcome
to
global
access
to
the
Internet
for
all
a
group
that
was
started
by
some
colleagues
of
ours
from
Oxford
University
and
Beyond
and
Cambridge
University
I
am
Jane.
I
am
the
co-chair
of
Gaia
with
my
colleague,
Leandro
who's
with
the
University
in
Barcelona
UPC.
A
We
often
bring
experts
from
regions
wherever
we
are
to
speak
about
some
of
the
connectivity
projects.
They're
working
on
our
objective
is
to
bring
in
real-life
examples
of
the
way
you
create
networks
in
rural,
remote
and
urban
underserved
communities
and
in
very
difficult
places
to
connect.
Last
week,
I
was
in
Tbilisi
Georgia,
where
we
have
a
community
network
project
with
many
people
in
high
mountain
villages
of
about
4,000
meters
and
up
they're,
actually
using
laura1.
A
So
when
Jonathan
Brewer
speaks
about
Laura,
this
is
very
much
something
that
people
are
implementing
in
real
life
in
places
that
are
so
remote
that
you
have
about
600
people
in
a
very,
very,
very,
very,
very
complicated
and
remote
area.
So
it's
doable.
Some
of
our
teams
have
taken
helicopters.
Some
have
taken
horses
to
bring
equipment.
I
know
dr.
Kanchana
sometimes
is
working
with
elephants.
A
These
are
real-life
solutions
for
people
who
are
not
connected,
so
we
are
dedicated
to
connecting
people.
Obviously,
the
whole
IETF
focus
is
connectivity,
but
many
of
you
know
what
it's
like
to
do:
the
real-life
complicated
things
where
something
may
not
work.
Last
week,
a
friend
of
mine
had
to
hack
a
solar
panel,
because
the
solar
panel
wasn't
working
through
the
throughput
from
the
batteries
was
just
not
working.
A
They
pretty
much
cut
all
the
cables
to
all
the
batteries
and
rewired
the
whole
thing
on
the
side
of
the
mountain,
not
even
close
to
spec
that
had
been
submitted.
So,
as
many
of
you
know,
you
often
get
some
equipment,
that's
a
little
wonky,
maybe
not
working,
and
you
just
hack
it
on
the
ground.
So
this
is
part
of
what
we
do.
All
of
you
do
and
we
try
and
support
that
with
with
the
different
projects
that
I
know,
Leon,
Joe
and
others.
A
Work
with
Leon
drew
is
part
of
something
called
Griffey,
which
is
one
of
the
largest
community
networks
in
the
world.
It's
out
of
Spain.
They
have
many
many
different
users,
but
they
also
have
fibre
wireless
and
Wi-Fi,
so
they're
using
different
technologies,
they've
actually
trenched
their
own
fiber.
So
these
are
very
interesting
at
communities
that
are
being
worked
with
in
Spain
as
well
so
on
the
agenda.
If
you
check
online,
the
first
person
up
is
dr.
Kanchana
who's,
a
good
friend
and
she's,
also
an
Internet
Hall
of
Famer
and
a
Postell
Award
winner.
A
So
I
will
also
just
ask
you
it's
protocol
for
me
to
tell
you
to
take
advantage
of
the
note
well,
which
is
online
I'm,
not
going
to
show
it
here.
I
people
make
fun
of
me
for
showing
it
so
for
those
of
you
that
don't
know
what
it
is,
take
a
look
online.
It's
the
note
well
for
the
organization
for
IETF,
so
doctor
can
China
each
put.
Each
person
will
have
ten
minutes
so
Kanchana
I'll
give
you
a
warning.
Eight
minutes
in
we
have
note
takers.
A
Can
someone
raise
their
hands
just
to
make
sure
we
got
a
awesome?
Thank
you.
So
let
me
queue
up
your
slides,
dr.
Kanchana
and
please
you
come
up
here.
There's
an
X
on
the
floor
and
you
speak
into
the
microphone
so
I'm
gonna
stop
talking
and
I'm,
not
monitoring,
jabber
Leandro.
So
if
you're
trying
to
reach
me
I'm
on
what's
up
I'm,
sorry
Arjuna's,
not
speaking
so,
if
you
look
at
the
new
agenda,
Arjuna's
not
on
it
you're
first
I.
B
Okay,
my
name
is
Ken
Jenna
from
knowledge
in
Thailand
and
I
I've
been
involved
with
building
the
network
for
quite
a
long
time.
Knowing
many
people
in
this
room,
so
I'm
very
happy
with
this
agenda
that
you
have.
We
have
many
more
presentation
from
the
region
like
Indonesia,
Philippines
and
so
on.
So
it's
brain,
it's
placed
back.
B
We
can
learn
from
one
another
for
the
Thai
case
and
I
work,
I
myself,
work
for
the
Asian
Institute
technology
and
my
team
work
with
net
to
home
company
and
also
mechanics
company,
which
is
the
running
the
community
IXP.
So
my
job
is
to
try
to
see
how
these
two
community
can
find.
You
know
eventually
work
one
work
with
together,
so
this
is
the
starting
point
of
the
collaboration,
so
I'd
like
to
talk
about
that
to
the
next.
B
We
went
into
a
village
next
to
Myanmar
and
we
found
that
within
that
village
they
had
only
two
ADSL
line
and
they
had
to
pay
$33
per
month
for
subscription
and
only
less
than
ten
people
benefit
from
that.
So
we
we
went
in
and
built
our
mesh
network
in
the
village
and
try
to
can
use
existing
ADSL
line
to
the
line
to
the
Internet
as
the
line
to
the
Internet
and
by
today
we
have
about
21
sites.
B
The
internet
cost
is
shared
by
the
villagers
and
it
cost
them
$8
per
month
for
subscription,
and
we
now
have
over
1,000
users
next,
please.
So
this
is
a
picture
of
our
network.
You
have
wireless
mesh
network
inside
the
village
and
we
have
a
gateway
to
the
internet
and
buy
today.
The
Gateway
to
the
Internet
is
using
the
is
commercial
ISP
and
they
provide
a
fiber
connection
and
we
have
a
small
rasp
I
as
a
server
to
perform.
B
Problem
because
the
risk
that
the
chance
of
being
arrested
because
we
were
selling
the
Internet
services,
so
we
had
to
register
a
company
called
net
to
home
and
become
illegal
Internet
service
provider
provider
and
take
charge
of
you
know.
Administration
of
the
network.
Ok,
so
then
at
home
is
kind,
is
an
isp
illegally
and
it's
called
is
the
type
one
is
P
in
Thailand.
It
means
that
you
cannot
own
any
infrastructure,
you
become.
You
can
sell
the
internet
without
owning
your
own
infrastructure.
B
So
this
is
our
net
to
home
company
at
the
moment,
we'll
concentrate
on
the
western
border
of
the
PAC
net
only,
but
we
plan
to
to
deploy
the
same
model
in
many
different
provinces
in
the
near
future.
So
the
the
idea
is
that
we
have
internet
community
network
connects
to
the
commercial
ISP
who
owns
the
network
who
own
the
infrastructure.
So
we
don't
need
to
invest
on
the
infrastructure.
B
I
mean
long-haul
infrastructure
and
we
want
to
have
community
networks
that
our
member
to
talk
to
one
another
and
exchange
information,
and
we
want
our
community
network
to
be
able
to
share
common
resources.
And,
besides
the
network
that
we
have
at
the
moment
depends
on
who
are
the
internet
service
provider,
so
some
communities
network,
joy,
one
provider,
another
one
join
another
provider
and
sometime
the
provider.
That
is
two
provider,
do
not
talk
to
one
another.
B
So
it's
hard
for
us
to
manage
the
community,
so
we
want
to
have
more
homogeneous
environment,
so
we
want
in
this
way
we
try
to
connect.
This
is
the
reason
why
we
want
to
connect
everyone
to
one
IXP
next
place,
so
we
want
to
have
yeah
because
of
the
problem
of
the
I
different
heterogeneous
isp.
We
want
to
have
more
common
common
ecosystem
for
all
in
the
come,
our
members,
so
we
want
to
connect
everybody
to
a
common
I
XP.
B
Apart
from
having
them
talking
to
one
another
with
a
common,
I
XP
we
can
kind
of
take
care
of
the
control
we
can
control
the
routing
so
that
if
any
problem
arise,
we
can
easily
understand
what
happened.
You
know
if
we
let
them
use
the
different
ISP
and
if
something
happened,
they'll
come
and
ask
us
and
we'd
have
to
pick
out
what's
wrong
with
this
is
with
ISP
okay.
So
we
need
to
have
common
picture
for
all,
so
this
I
stab
people
are
starting
to
communicate
domestically.
B
B
We
tested
our
design
and
it
works
so
next.
The
next
thing
that
we
want
to
do
is
to
use
this
kind
of
connection
to
the
the
IHP
to
provide
more
interesting
services
to
the
community,
because
right
now,
when
we
asked
our
user,
what
kind
of
application
you
are
you
want
to
have
on
the
Internet?
They
all
want
streaming.
They
want
to
watch
television,
they
will
do
you
know
always
video,
so
of
course
we
can
tell
them.
This
is
not
for
it.
B
You
can't
afford
that,
but
this
is
not
a
long-term
answer
to
them,
so
we
have
to
work
out
how
to
handle
streaming
application.
We
have
to
do
video,
so
we
are
working
on
that
and
we
try
to
work
on.
You
know
using
proxy
and
cache
servers,
which
is
like
what
we
used
to
do
in
the
old
days.
You
know
for
Thailand
to
connect
to
the
internet.
B
B
So
how
can
we
connect
to
IXP,
which
is
in
Bangkok
about
700
No
600
kilometers
away?
So
we
want.
We
decided
to
use
tunneling
witches
tunnel
through
IASP
that
they
are
seeing
connected
to
and
dude
that
tunnel
ends
at
the
our
ixp
okay,
so
next
place.
So
this
is
what
happened
you
have
our
community
I
would
call
our
is
the
ixp.
We
are
working
with
mechanics,
also
community
IXP
and
with
the
community
ixp
in
the
top
part
of
the
diagram.
B
You
have
city
and
international
City
and
members,
and
we
have
also
local
local
content
providers.
So
you
can
have
TV
channels
that
share
contents
to
the
IXP
and
we
also
have
different
I
SPE.
Okay
is
B
on
the
left
is
P
that
our
members
and
the
villagers
connected
to
them.
I
XP
on
the
right
hand,
side
those
who
are
not
members
of
mechanics
but
our
religious
had
to
connect
to
them,
because
no
no
other
choice.
B
B
Okay,
let
me
mention
our
partner.
B
connects
a
little
bit.
Mechanics
is
our
community.
I
XP
j
and
help
us
set
up.
This
B
connects
2013
since
2013,
so,
but
it
was
established
in
2015,
and
now
we
have
29
members
and
click
topic.
Is
that
36
kick
an
average
traffic
is
12
point
two
seven
K
and
you
can
find
more
info
on
this
website.
B
Okay,
so
with
that
that
connectivity
that
we
have
succeeded,
we
are
now
working
on
content.
Delivery
in
to
home
to
home
is
a
company
that
represent
all
the
community
networks
on
the
previous
diagram.
So
we
have.
We
are
working
on
how
to
cache
popular
content
that
people
are
using
and
we
also
working
on
reverse
proxy,
how
to
take
gather
content
from
the
villagers
and
upload
to
the
Internet,
and
we
have
our
local
working
on
our
local
service,
which
is
a
platform
for
resource
sharing.
So
it's
like
like
uber
next,
please
so
I'm
done.
Thank
you.
B
I'd
like
to
thank
th
Nick
foundation
for
all
the
support
that
they
have
given
and
all
the
team
members
from
these
three
from
my
lab,
my
lab
and
from
under,
to
whom
and
we
connect
company
and
also
there
were
community
members
themselves.
They
take
part
in
our
activities.
Thank
you
and,
of
course,
thank
I.
Stop.
A
D
B
F
F
So
what
does
Laura
Laura
is
a
physical
radio
protocol
designed
for
the
Internet
of
Things?
It
operates
in
lower
than
1.
Gigahertz
is
M
bands,
so
whatever
happens
to
be
free
in
your
country
in
this
part
of
the
role
it
tends
to
be
around
923
megahertz
in
new
zealand's,
we
have
a
band
from
864
to
868.
We
also
have
a
band
from
9:15
to
9:30.
F
I
should
say
that
I
am
staying
in
Singapore
temporarily
right
now,
but
I
live
in
New
Zealand
and
you
can
tell
I'm
from
New
Zealand
because
of
my
accent
now
sorry
I'm
actually
from
the
States,
but
New
Zealand's
been
home
for
a
long
time.
So
Laura
is
a
radio
technology.
Its
proprietary
to
a
company
called
sim
tech
and
I
know
that
kind
of
sucks
that
it's
proprietary.
But
when
you
look
at
things
like
Wi-Fi,
which
is
the
foundation
of
community
networks,
all
over
the
place,
there
is
proprietary.
F
Intellectual
property
in
Wi-Fi
and
license
fees
gets
paid
through
and
so
on.
So
it's
not
all
that
different.
So
anyway,
con
China's
network,
the
tok
net
mesh,
that's
tens
of
megabits
per
second
and
their
backhaul
is
200
200,
so
you're
talking
broadband
and
this
laurel
and
stuff
is
like
250
bits
per
second
to
maybe
22
kilobits
per
second,
but
really
the
topologies
and
the
applications
that
I've
been
working
with
over
the
past
four
years
have
been
in
the
range
of
a
kilobit
per
second
or
less
next,
please.
F
So
what
is
lower
when
so?
Lord
is
the
radio
protocol
and
you
don't
need
to
use
Laura
when
to
use
Laura.
You
can
actually
make
a
point-to-point
connection
with
Laura
modems.
Some
people
use
them
for
controlling
drones.
Some
people
have
used
the
Laura
protocol
for
other
network
types,
but
Laura
when
is
an
open,
non
proprietary
standard
for
a
wireless
network
and
it,
as
I
said
before
the
whole
thing,
with
the
mobile
network
controller,
will
Laura
when
ads
addressing
mobility
and
localization
Laura.
F
It
adds
this
whole
idea
of
you
can
have
a
network
with
lots
of
base
stations,
devices
that
move
from
one
base
station
to
the
other
and
everything
just
kind
of
holds
together
so
with
Laura,
when
it's
pretty
cool,
multiple
base
stations
can
receive
and
process
packets
like
if
this
clicker
were
a
Laura.
When
node
like
out
there
in
the
network,
he
sent
out
a
message
that
message
would
be
picked
up
by
any
base
station.
F
That's
in
this
room
and
all
of
those
base
stations
would
relay
the
data
to
the
mobile
network
control,
which
would
then
say:
hey
I've,
got
a
whole
bunch
of
packets
of
information.
These
are
the
same
ones,
it
does
the
deduplication,
and
then
it
decides
when
the
network
wants
to
talk
to
this
little
clicker.
It
decides
well
which
of
the
base
stations,
was
closest
to
this
clicker
and
then
routes.
F
The
return
message
through
the
nearest
base
station
Lauren
also
adds
an
adaptive
data
rate
scheme
so
that
devices
that
are
near
to
base
stations
talk
with
a
very
complex
modulation.
So
the
message
gets
through
really
fast
devices
that
are
really
far
from
the
base
station.
Talk
with
a
really
simple
modulation,
really
really
slow
lots
of
airtime.
Laurel
Ann
also
adds
multiple
layers
of
encryption,
Network
encryption
and
application
encryption.
The
cool
thing
about
this
I
say:
I've
been
working
with
Lauren
for
four
years.
F
I've
been
a
network
operator
and
I
have
no
idea
what
the
end
users
of
the
applications
are
doing,
because
all
I
see
is
encrypted
packets
and
metadata
going
across
my
network,
I,
don't
know.
What's
in
the
data
and
I
can't
because
I
don't
have
the
keys
to
unlock
that
data,
as
the
low-end
also
supports
time.
Slot
scheduling
of
device
transmission-
and
you
know,
makes
everything
harmonious
when
you've
got
thousands
of
devices
talking
to
a
couple
of
base
stations.
Next,
please
so.
F
The
various
entities
in
Ellora
web
network
are
inge
devices,
which
is
my
clicker
gateways,
which
I
don't
know.
We
could
call
these
massive
chandeliers
a
couple
of
gateways,
then
in
a
lot
of
networks,
the
gateways
use
LTE
or
3G
backhaul,
but
they
could
use
fiber,
backhaul
ADSL
backhaul,
whatever
to
get
into
the
network
server.
In
the
case
of
my
network,
the
network
server
is
an
application
that
runs
on
AWS.
In
our
case,
we
use
AWS
Sydney
for
New
Zealand
Network.
F
We
use
AWS
in
the
Bay
Area
for
our
Cook
Islands
for
our
Otunga
network,
and
then
there
are
applications
and
applications
could
be
separate
from
the
network
server,
but
in
the
case
of
most
Lauro
and
controllers
applications
or
bits
of
code
that
sit
inside
of
the
same
computer,
that's
running
the
network
server
complicated
next,
so
I'm
going
to
give
you
a
very
quick
Laurel,
an
architecture
overview,
and
this
is
based
on
RFC
83-76.
This
is
so
appropriate
for
being
at
an
IETF
meeting.
F
I'm
just
gonna
walk
you
through
Lauren,
based
on
the
RFC
that
that
we're
all
writing
our
network
software
to
next
so
there's
an
end
device.
That's
our
clicker
here
sometimes
called
a
mote.
It
communicates
with
the
gateways.
It
never
talks
to
another
mote.
Never
talks
to
another
end
device.
Everything
is
always
through
a
gateway
through
a
network
controller
to
an
application
and
then
from
that
application
back
down
the
chain
to
the
end
device.
F
This
guy
has
a
unique
globally
unique
identifier
called
a
device
EUI
and
that's
an
I
tripoli
number
and
it
has
a
network
unique
identifier
called
a
device
address.
That's
a
32-bit
address,
we're
talking,
sometimes
about
sending
like
one
or
two
bytes
of
data.
So
when
you
start
adding
a
32-bit
address
or
a
64-bit
address,
you've
got
a
lot
of
overhead
there.
Anyway,
next
Suren
devices,
here's
an
example
of
an
end
device.
F
This
is
just
an
example.
Next
people,
you
can
look
at
the
slides
later.
There
are
three
classes
of
devices.
The
ones
that
are
used
most
often
are
Class.
A
communications
is
always
initiated
by
the
end
device.
It's
a
node,
it's
out
there.
It
decides.
Hey
I've
got
a
bit
of
data.
I
want
the
rest
of
the
world
to
know
about
it,
sends
the
data
Aloha
based.
So
it
could
be
that
that
data
I
guess
it
doesn't
get
through
the
first
time,
whatever.
F
Eventually,
it
sends
the
data
and
it's
acknowledged
and
that's
all
good
after
it
sends
the
data
it
listens
to
the
network,
to
see
if
the
network
wants
to
talk
to
it.
So
there's
a
time
slot
set
up
for
the
network
to
reply
back
and
say:
hey
I
got
your
data
or
hey
I
got
your
data
now
go
to
sleep
for
the
next
six
months,
because
I
don't
need
you
for
then,
or
some
other
mess
now
class.
So
Class
A
is
lowest
power
class
a
is
great
for
a
battery
powered
device.
F
That's
out
there
in
the
environment,
doing
environmental
monitoring
needs
to
last
forever.
Class
B,
on
the
other
hand,
listens
to
the
network
on
a
schedule
say:
maybe
it
wakes
up
once
an
hour
and
listens
wakes
up
once
a
day
and
listens.
What
have
you
very
uncommon,
Class
B
devices,
most
commercial
implementations
are
either
for
Class,
A
or
Class
C
now,
Class
C
is
just
fine
if
you
have
solar
power
or
electricity
or
just
some
massive
source
of
energy,
because
it
stays
awake
all
the
time.
Listening
to
the
network
to
say
hey.
F
Does
the
network
need
me
think
about
a
farm
and
you've
got
a
whole
bunch
of
Class
A
devices
out
there
measuring
soil,
moisture
and
they're,
sending
their
data
up
there
all
battery-powered
whatever,
but
then
you've
got
a
solenoid
or
a
valve
on
the
water
system
to
add
more
water?
That
can't
just
be
you
know
asleep
all
the
time
it
needs
to
know.
Does
the
network
want
me
to
turn
on
and
water
the
grass
so
use
a
Class
C
for
a
control
mechanism
on
the
water?
Next,
solar
wine
gateway?
It's
a
radio
on
the
infrastructure
side.
F
These
italicized
are
actually
straight
from
the
RFC
I've
noted
that
I've
actually
lifted
phrases
straight
out
of
the
RFC
to
describe
this
so
sometimes
gateways
are
called
concentrators
or
base
stations,
I
use,
base
station
and
Gateway
like
interchangeably.
They
communicate
with
end
devices
via
the
Lauro
end
protocol
and
they
communicate
with
a
network
server
via
tcp/ip
in
the
case
of
the
base
stations
that
I
manage
they
use
WebSockets.
In
the
case
of
the
original
implementation
of
the
things
Network,
there
were
UDP
packets
going
from
the
gateways
to
the
network
server,
so
gateways
I.
F
You
can
put
a
low
end
gateway
on
a
base
station,
that's
running
other
things
like
Bluetooth
or
Wi-Fi.
I
have
Linux
boxes
that
run
Gateway's
multiple
instances
on
the
same
box
to
deal
with
multiple
radios
and
they
might
run
other
things,
packet,
processing,
software
or
Wi-Fi,
or
whatever.
It's
just
a
software
application
that
interfaces
with
the
radio
next.
F
So
here's
a
few
examples
of
Lauro
and
gateways,
and
yes,
I've
used
all
of
these
little
boards
and
multi
ticks
and
things
networks,
things
and
whatever
next
so
a
network
server
is
a
piece
of
software.
It
terminates
the
Laura
and
Mac
layer,
even
though
there's
some
tcp/ip
in
between
for
n
devices
connected
to
the
network,
it's
the
center
of
the
star,
topology
you've
got
stars
of
gateways
and
stars
of
end
devices.
The
network
server
decides
what
gateway
is
going
to
talk
to
what
ends
device.
F
So
here
are
some
examples
of
Laura.
When
network
servers,
the
one
I
use
in
production
is
Laura
IOT,
which
is
a
Swiss
company,
but
I
used
the
things
network
for
training
workshops
and
I've
got
a
things
Network
connected
gateway
in
my
apartment
in
Singapore.
Now,
because
I
really
love
what
they're
doing
and
I
really
like
the
features
of
their
network
now,
four
years
ago
it
wasn't
an
option
for
doing
real
applications
that
you
wanted
to
work,
and
today,
I
think
the
things
network
is
good
for
anything
next,
so
a
join
server.
F
F
An
uplink
message
is
when
the
node
talks
to
the
network,
and
yes,
the
uplink,
can
be
listened
to
by
multiple
gateways
go
on
next
downlink
message
is:
when
the
network
is
talking
to
the
node
and
again,
the
network
controller.
The
the
network
server
is
what
decides
which
gateway
is
going
to
send
that
message.
It's
also
going
to
decide
whether
that
message
is
going
to
go
to
a
single
end
device
or
to
a
group
of
end
devices
next
now--all
or
when
application
is
application.
F
Layer
code,
that's
running
on
the
end
device
and
it's
application
code
running
behind
the
network
server
and
there's
a
set
of
encryption
keys.
Tying
these
things
together
most
end
devices
will
only
ever
run
one
application.
This
is
kind
of
how
laura
when
has
evolved.
You
have
individual
devices
that
do
very
limited,
simple
things,
and
they
only
talk
to
one
application
server,
so
applications
typically
run
a
network
servers.
F
Applications
do
device
management
which
devices
are
allowed
to
talk.
What
are
they
allowed
to
do
they
route
data
to
external
applications,
and
that
means
they
offer
up
an
API,
an
API
that
says
write
you
can
get
data
out
of
this
lorwyn
application
via
WebSockets
via
MQTT,
via
JSON
via
HTTP,
gets
or
what
have
you.
So
it
is
a
misleading
name.
We
could
be
calling
these
applications
application
routers
next
encryption,
all
payloads
are
encrypted,
so
I
said
I'm
a
network
operator
I
have
no
idea
what
my
end
users
are
doing
with
the
data.
F
That's
because
the
payloads
are
encrypted
I,
don't
have
the
keys
to
open
that
there's
also
data
integrity,
so
there's
sequence,
numbers
that
are
encrypted
that
I
don't
know
about,
but
the
application
owner
knows
about.
So
someone
can't
record
a
message
and
do
a
replay
attack.
Someone
can't
attempt
to
insert
random
messages
in
there
because
they'll
be
out
of
sequence
and
they'll
be
rejected.
There's
also
data
integrity
because
there's
check
sums
along
with
the
encryption,
so
you
can't
change
the
data
in
flight.
F
You
can't
intercept
you
can't
replay
blah
blah
blah
mac
commands
are
protected,
so
nobody
out
there
listening
to
the
network
can
actually
see
any
of
the
metadata
associated
with
these
transactions.
In
fact,
if
they're
just
listening
without
the
work
encryption
keys,
it's
just
noise.
In
fact
a
lot
of
times
it's
noise
below
the
noise
floor,
so
it
is
really
almost
undetectable
and
impossible
to
see.
What's
going
on
next,
almost
done
right,
pre
divined,
pre
joined
devices.
F
You
have
ideas
of
devices
that
you
joined
to
the
network
once
the
end-user
has
the
device
in
hand,
and
then
you
have
the
idea
of
devices
where
the
manufacturer
of
the
device
joins
it
the
network
ahead
of
time
before
they
send
it
out
in
the
field,
and
in
this
case
the
device
is
pre
joined
to
the
network.
We
put
symmetric
keys
to
symmetric
keys
in
the
firmware
of
the
device
before
we
send
it
out
to
the
field
a
network
session
key
in
an
application
session.
F
F
The
idea
of
an
over-the-air
join
where
the
network
operator
will
send
out
a
network
session
key
and
an
application
key
and
the
user
will
write
those
into
the
firmware
and
then
the
device
will
send
its
device
EUI
its
app
EUI
and
its
app
key,
and
the
network
will
basically
derive
app
session
keys
and
network
session
keys.
Those
ones
that,
if
we
did
a
pre,
join
like
in
the
last
slide,
the
network
and
the
device
derives
those
things
in
a
cryptographically
secure
manner,
so
that
these
devices
can
talk
right
next.
F
So
what
is
the
things
network
all
of
this
complicated
stuff
to
do
with
the
network?
Server
like
this
isn't
easy
stuff
and
I've
never
run
my
own
network
server.
Although
I've
downloaded
the
code
and
tried
before
the
things
network
is
a
free
distributed
network
controller
that
a
group
out
of
the
Netherlands
put
together
so
that
people
could
have
community
Laura.
When
networks
they
said
we'll,
look
we're
going
to
write
a
software
implementation,
we're
gonna,
make
it
all
open
sore.
We're
gonna.
Have
the
community
work
on
it
and
we're
gonna?
F
Let
anybody
who
wants
to
connect
to
our
network
server
spin
up
their
own
applications
generate
their
own
keys
and
join
their
own
devices
to
these
networks,
so
TTN
the
things
network.
It
provides
a
network
server,
join
server
and
application
servers
in
one.
You
have
a
nice
web
interface,
a
web
platform
that
allows
application
owners
to
register
devices.
I
could
use
the
things
Network
if
I
just
had
a
login
to
create
an
application
and
some
devices
and
I
used
someone
else's
gateway
in
a
lot
of
cities
in
this
world.
F
There
are
enough
gateways
that
you
don't
need
to
run
your
own,
or
you
can
be
like
me
here
in
Singapore.
I
provide
a
TT
and
Gateway
out
of
my
apartment,
but
I
don't
actually
have
any
applications
running
on
it.
I'm
just
running
the
Gateway,
because
I
can
and
I
like
the
idea
of
it,
and
maybe
I'll
run
an
application
at
some
point,
all
gateways
on
the
thing's
network
process,
all
traffic
from
all
devices
joined
to
the
things
network.
F
So
it
is
truly
a
communal
thing
in
Europe,
they've
got
very
strict
restrictions
on
how
much
airtime
your
device
can
use
so
that
an
individual
device
can't
take
up
too
much
Network
resource.
So
TTN
provides
all
this
for
free.
They
also
help
communities
organize
and
communicate
by
giving
them
space
on
their
website
and
allowing
them
to
open
up
chat
channels
and
post
notices
of
meetups
and
so
on
and
linking
their
profiles.
F
And
so
when
I
came
to
Singapore
I
said:
what's
the
TTN
community
in
Singapore,
I
went
and
I
found
people's
LinkedIn
profiles
on
the
TTN
page
I
sent
the
message
as
I
said:
what's
the
story?
What
are
we
doing
when
our
meetups
and
stuff
same
thing,
when
I
did
a
workshop
in
Santiago
Chile
last
year,
I
went
to
the
TTN
page
I
found
that
they
had
a
telegram
group
and
the
Chilean
TTN
community
Laura
when
can
be,
is
just
fantastic.
F
There's
like
30
people
in
the
telegram
group,
there's
new
posts
all
the
time
and
if
I
spoke
Spanish
instead
of
them
to
paste
everything
in
Google,
Tran
it'd
be
really
really
neat,
so
heaps
of
TTN
all
over
the
world.
So
where
is
the
things
network
yeah?
This
is
how
many
there
are
there's
more
than
200
cities
and
there's
extensive
coverage
in
some
cities.
F
It's
pretty
cool
I
know.
University
of
Hawaii
is
just
spun
up
a
couple
on
my
recommendation
for
some
data
collection
things
because
they
needed
to
do
data
collection
and
they
wanted
an
open
platform.
So
ttn.
What
else
we
have?
You
must
be
almost
done.
Next,
here's
a
view
of
the
console
if
you're
logging
in
that
may
be
a
bit
small
for
anybody
to
see.
But
you
can
see
my
gateway
there
and
some
of
the
things
I
can
control
in
the
fact
that
there's
a
gateway,
ID.
F
There's
this
gateway,
IDs
and
things
next.
So
what
does
TTN
integrate
with
TTN
provides
these
applications
and
all
the
applications
do
is
route
data.
So
there
are
cloud
applications
you
can
use
to
talk
to
TTN
and
some
of
those
include
Cayenne.
My
devices
open,
sensors,
mapper,
colos
I,
have
know
if
it
most
people.
Some
people
in
here
will
know
what,
if
it
is
it's
a
platform
that
allows
you
to
do
things
based
on
data.
F
C
C
G
See
that
you
have
some
presence
in
North,
America
I've
been
part
of
a
group
who
started
looking
at
communication
in
northern
Quebec
and
I
see
you
have
no,
where
no
dots
there,
northern
back
by
the
way
is
eastern
coast
go
up
up
up
and
it's
the
big
thing.
That's
right
now,
there's
no
dots
in
it
and
I
was
wondering
if
you
guys
have
thought
of
your
same
type
of
communication
in
remote
areas
in
Canada,
which
will
never
be
served
by
any
form
of
you
know.
G
F
Is
a
group
of
communities,
and
so
if
your
community
wanted
to
start
a
Laura
Wynn
network,
your
entry
cost
for
a
gateway
is
less
than
$100.
I.
Think
it's
around
$70
u.s.!
You
can
buy
a
gateway
and
you
need
I
P
backhaul.
Now
the
amount
of
IP
backhaul
that
you
need
to
run.
This
is
in
the
kilobits
per
second.
So.
A
G
A
H
H
A
H
H
H
H
I
H
H
H
H
About
financing
and
cost
sharing
between
neighbors
one
of
the
important
things
worse
with
freedom
to
choose
between
a
mandatory
contribution
from
each
home
to
build
favourite
things
to
the
wireless
note,
it
was
600
euros
or
optionally
increase
contribution
by
anyone
who
wants
favour
to
case
it
was
1,500
euros
about
50
homes
are
required
to
carry
on
the
project
and
a
survey
was
done
among
neighbors
few
families
refused
to
contribute
money.
One
purchase
fiber
to
the
wireless
note,
another
purchase
fiber
to
the
home.
H
H
The
Spanish
law
allow
individuals
to
the
Duke
in
donation
made
to
foundation
the
first
150
euros
up
to
75
percent.
Above
this
quantity,
the
dilution
is
30%,
the
hyphenate
foundation
did
dedicate
donation.
We
resolved
it
to
the
creation
of
a
communication
network
of
universal
reach
and
available
to
everyone.
So,
finally
they
will
adore.
This
project
was
activated.
H
The
funding
connection
collection
phase
was
started
as
the
first
action
of
the
project
execution
execution
for
two
years.
600
euros
per
household
is
collected
in
the
form
of
donation,
preferably
of
2
people
per
household,
with
150
euros
per
person.
It
it
is
it
works.
It
is
also
accepted.
Some
households
do
not
contribute
with
this
amount
in
each
age
for
contributing
with
100
euros
per
year
forever.
H
J
H
Next
place
in
summer
of
2018,
a
fiber
installer
is
contracted
to
carry
out
the
deployment.
The
installation
is
the
next
year
after
the
donation
of
600
euros,
households
committed
to
fever
at
home
continue
contribute
until
reaching
1,500
euros.
At
the
end
of
the
network,
installation
30
household
made
a
donation
of
1500.
He
works
at
the
beginning
of
the
next
year,
more
or
less
nowadays,
10
households
more
are
going
to
donate
the
total
amount
and
are
waiting
for
the
fiber
installation.
H
Now
you
can
see
a
summary
table:
a
final
income
and
expenditure,
for
example,
about
income.
We
have
the
quantity
of
in
each
household
with
each
option
and
finally,
we
get
the
amount
of
sixty
one
thousand
euros
about
capital
expenditure.
We
have
to
pay
the
main
backbone
and
also
branch
line
of
little
village,
some
fritters
on
a
branch
line
towards
the
city
of
Manresa.
H
H
H
And
from
the
top
to
the
to
the
bottom,
we
have
the
main
mud
pony
and
if
you
can
see
a
blue
line,
cable
of
48,
fiber
optics
and
the
green
one
is
a
cable
of
12
fiber
optics.
You
can
see
also
the
two
branch
line,
one
of
the
lovers
in
the
right
top
map,
the
words
some
fritters
and
in
the
left
bottom.
You
can
see
the
branch
line
towards
the
city
of
Monterrey,
sir,
that
you
can
see
on
the
left
of
the
of
the
map.
H
H
H
And
nowadays
we
are
in
the
maintenance
stage
and
we
have
an
agreement
with
its
darlin
six
dollars
of
a
commitment
for
repairing
when
any
failure.
A
monthly
donation
of
CCA
groups
is
made
as
part
of
an
economic
maintenance.
I
mean
operation,
I
credit
event,
the
resulting
fee
to
the
user.
If
he
choose,
if
he
was
a
loose
Association.
H
Fifteen
six
euros
of
maintenance
fees
is
already
included.
Internet
access
is
achieved
through
a
regional
optical,
but
born
over
a
wholesale
only
fiber
operator
connected
to
a
shared
pool
of
inter
internet
career
in
Barcelona,
both
operated,
an
infinite
foundation
and,
finally,
the
conclusions.
It
is
possible
to
have
a
broadband
communication
in
rural
areas
where
traditional
operators
do
not
see
any
kind
of
interest.
H
H
The
neighbors
initiative
has
been
possible
thanks
to
the
existence
of
the
definite
project,
with
the
presence
of
different
actors
such
as
the
foundation
and
also
associative
operators,
as
if
he
badges
association,
the
final
existence
of
this
network
promotes
other
other
neighbors,
preferring
later
the
toll.
Thank
you
for
your
attention.
Thank
you.
A
Very
much
Francisco
does
anyone
have
any
questions
for
Francisco?
We
have
about
two
minutes.
If
not,
we
can
make
sure
that
you
have
his
email.
If
you
want
to
contact
him
in
Francisco.
Is
that?
Okay?
Yes,
please,
okay,
good,
just
gdpr
just
want
to
make
sure
it's
getting
that
right.
So
thank
you.
Francisco
Francisco
comes
on
Griffin
at
one
of
the
largest
community
networks
in
the
world,
and
some
of
the
people
in
the
room
Francisco
are
shaking
their
heads
because
they
know
grief
II.
Thank
you
very
much.
A
A
C
A
You
are
okay,
and
so
I
just
also
want
to
recognize
that
many
people
who
came
here
today
from
dr.
Kanchana
in
Thailand,
well
Francie's,
go
through
the
the
beauty
of
the
internet
is
speaking
with
us
from
Spain.
We
had
John
who's
originally
from
New
Zealand,
but
lives
here
in
Singapore,
and
we
have
Maria
Teresa
from
the
Philippines.
A
We
soon
will
have
Ono,
who
I
believe
is
from
Indonesia,
so
you're,
seeing
local
people
and
others
who
are
connecting
through
Gaia
and
other
ways
at
IETF
and
through
different
organizations
to
learn
more
from
each
other
about
the
deployments
that
they're
actually
making
to
connect
people
in
really
remote
rural
and
sometimes
urban,
poor
situations.
So
over
to
you,
okay,
hi.
K
K
Next,
this
is
especially
true
for
rural
remote
areas
because
of
the
following
reasons.
First,
most
barangay
lack
red
power.
There
is
also
high
installation
cost
of
traditional
base
station
deployments
and
it
is
considered
unprofitable
fertile
coast
due
to
small
subscriber
population
next,
so
what
we
did
is
to
partner
with
telco
and
local
communities
to
deploy
community
cellular
networks.
So
CCN
is
a
cellular
technology
at
a
tenth
of
the
cost
of
traditional
base
station
deployments,
so
it
is
low
cost
low
power
accuses
alternative
sources
of
power.
K
In
our
case
solar,
it
is
customized
network
for
small
communities
and
it
is
being
managed
locally
with
the
cooperatives,
with
the
help
of
the
local
government
unit,
it
is
an
it
has.
A
community
owned
model
for
the
community
owns,
operates,
maintains
and
repairs
the
CC
ends
next.
So
here
is
the
basic
v
BTS
diagram.
You
have
the
gsm
2g
base
station
antenna,
the
power
source
and
the
visa
to
connect
to
the
cloud
next
so,
but
before
we
can
even
start
deploying
these
boxes,
we
had
some
pre
deployment
challenges.
K
First,
with
our
telco
partner
since
2g
frequency
bands
and
the
Philippines
are
assigned
to
incumbents,
we
had
we
needed
to
an
agreement
with
the
telco
operators
and
this
took
shape
for
around
two
year
of
negotiations.
But
with
that
agreement
we
had
an
80/20
revenue
sharing
80
for
the
community
and
20
for
the
telco
operator.
They
are
the
ones
handling
the
regulatory
permits
we
have.
We
had
to
get
the
SIM
cards
from
them
and
they
also
handled
interconnect
also.
K
We
also
had
a
problem
with
the
regulatory,
since
we
initially
set
to
use
experimental
network
in
a
box
solutions
that
we
also
develop
a
new
P,
but
we
were
regulatory
or
we
were
restricted
to
use
type
certified
boxes,
our
network
equipment
in
the
course
of
our
deployment.
So
next
in
our
in
the
course
of
our
deployment,
we
have
an
in
going
impact
study
of
first-time
access
to
mobile
communication
in
rural
areas.
It
uses
randomized
control
trial
to
determine
these
seven
pilot
communities.
Next,
the
communities
we
serve
are
remote
and
isolated.
K
Coastal
communities
with
around
typical
villages
around
two
to
three
hour
boat
ride
from
the
nearest
mobile
phone
tower.
Next
they
are
fishing
and
farming
communities
and
the
locals
travel
for
several
hours
to
use
their
mobile
phones.
On
the
other
hand,
the
local
government
unit
uses
their
high
high
frequency
radio
links
for
emergency
next,
so
the
timeline
of
our
deployments
from
September
2017
to
January
2019.
We
were
able
to
install
and
deploy
in
seven
sites
in
seven
communities
in
our
rural
province.
Next.
K
This
is
our
typical
installation.
You
have
the
solar,
the
equipment
inside
the
shelter
we
sat
and
the
picture
of
our
cell
site
next,
so
the
status
of
CCN.
We
have
seven
community
sites,
we
have
around
2,000
or
more
than
2,000
subscribers
in
our
two
year
operation.
Our
monthly
traffic
is
around
10,000
Voice
Minutes
and
2,000
SMS
average.
K
Next,
so
here
are
the
observations
we
had
in
our
sights.
So
SMS
is
the
predominant
traffic
with
equal
volume
in
both
directions
and
inbound
call.
Traffic
is
almost
six
times
the
outbound
call
traffic.
This
is
an
indicative
behavior
of
a
call
me
behavior,
because
subscribers
found
out
that
they
are
aware
that
they
could
save
by
letting
their
contacts
call
them
instead.
So
just
to
note
that
we
do
not
have
promos
yet
in
these
sites.
So
other
observation
it
is,
they
have
a
peak
usage
in
the
evening,
so
subscribers
prefer
to
call
after
work
hours.
K
Next
other
observations.
We
do
not
have
promos
yet,
but
there
are
frequent
increase
on
the
future
availability
of
promos
and
Internet
access,
notably
Facebook,
so
other
demands
and
service
availability
changes
as
time
goes
on.
So
people
are
now
becoming
accustom
to
the
presence
of
our
service,
so
there
is
an
increased
sensitivity
on
our
service
disruptions.
So
next,
so
here
are
the
challenges
we
think
in
in
order
for
us
to
continually
serve
these
communities.
K
K
So
what
what
do
we
see
is
the
future
of
community
network
in
the
in
the
Philippines?
We
see
the
Internet
as
a
way
to
move
forward,
either
as
an
added
service
through
a
cellular
data
or
LTE
or
an
internet-only
network,
but
in
the
cellular
data
option
you
have,
we
have,
we
will
have
a
high
dependency
in
telecom
partner
and
the
cost
of
bandwidth
is
also
high
to
eliminate
this
dependency.
K
We
are
seeing
that
we
need
to
have
more
policy
revisions
like,
hopefully,
we
hope
to
have
a
legal
framework
for
cc
ends
as
a
mode
of
community-based
social
entrepreneurship.
Also,
we
want
the
policy
revision
that
we
have
a
reform
of
the
system
that
hopefully
they
can
allocate
spectrum
and
license
towards
the
designation
of
a
social
use.
Frequency
for
the
CC
ends
that
we
have
and
for
the
internet
only
Network.
K
We
see
that
the
eventual
phase-out
of
2g
and
the
proliferation
of
internet
capable
phones,
point
points
us
to
a
internet
only
network
but
Internet
in
the
last
mile
areas
are
not
cheap,
so
efficient
bandwidth
utilization
like
what
with
what
was
discussed
before,
we
are
also
exploring
that
the
utilization
strategies
for
the
bandwidth
should
also
be
explored.
So
next,
this
is
my
last
slide.
So
we
hope
that
by
sharing
our
experiences
and
we
BTS
in
the
Philippines,
we
hope
to
open
more
opportunities
for
these
communities,
expand
coverage
and
connect
more
people
to
the
rest
of
the.
A
E
A
You
for
that
gushin
we
have
a
colleague
named
Noel
who
lives
in
Manila,
so
we're
gonna,
introduce
you
to
her
she's,
fabulous
and
but
also
you
mentioned
a
social
purpose
or
social
use.
There's
a
there
is,
and
thanks
Mallory
for
that
question,
because
it's
triggered
a
memory
in
Mexico.
They
have
a
social
purpose
license
which
they
were
one
of
the
first
governments
in
the
world.
To
actually
do
this
to
help
indigenous
kind
of
communities
get
connectivity,
so
it
allowed
the
network
to
exist
which
prevented
the
incumbent
from
killing
it
off.
A
In
many
countries,
the
incumbents
and
traditional
mobile
operators
cannot
get
a
return
on
investment
in
rolling
out
in
communities
of
5,000
and
under
so
there
you
have
this
issue.
They
can't
get
the
return.
The
community
networks
can't
get
the
regulatory
licensing,
yet
they
can
go
into
these
communities
at
a
lower
cost.
So
Mallory's
question
is
super
important,
because
this
is
something
we're
all
dealing
with
with
community
networks
and
small
operational
networks.
Where
we
have
regulations
for
the
old
system,
the
old
system
doesn't
reach
the
unconnected.
A
It's
not
cost-efficient,
the
newer
networks
and
the
cheaper
guys
with
great
equipment
out
there
with
your
network
and
the
others
here
can
provide
the
connectivity
and
they
just
need
the
backhaul
on
occasion.
So
I'm
gonna
offer
a
modest
proposal
that
a
lot
of
governments
start
to
change
the
way
big
operators
can
actually
get
licensed
so
that
they
are
required
to
provide
backhaul
to
the
little
guys,
because
we
are
never
gonna
get
people
connected.
If
we
don't
have
a
change
so
anyway,
you
are
doing
a
great
job.
Thank
you
very
much
and.
H
A
L
A
L
Thank
you
for
the
immense
Jane.
Thank
you
very
much
for
everything
for
coming
to
the
session.
My
name
is
oh,
no,
this
is
a
G
and
Barra
is
sitting
over
there.
He
is
taking
picture
filming
us
and
we
will
upload
to
YouTube
hi
guys.
Yes,
that's
YouTube
stuff.
Okay,
next
I
will
be
very
big,
provide
broad
overview
of
what
we
are
doing.
L
A
L
This
is
what
gin
pushing
how
to
push
the
government
policy
to
be
more
propia
pro-people
policy.
We
have
four
options:
use
power,
use,
money,
use,
mass
or
people
and
international
acknowledgement
use
power.
We
have
no
power,
we
use
money,
we
have
no
money,
we
broke,
we
use
mass,
we
educate
people.
If
we
see
the
the
next
presentation
from
aji,
we
will
see
clearly
how
they
actually
educate
a
lot
of
people,
but
it
fail
it's
still.
We
are
having
difficulty
to
push
the
government
policy
having
other
people.
The
most
efficient
way
is
international
acknowledgement
like
this.
L
L
L
They
do
very
much
committee
base
you
can
check
on
google.
The
keyword
is
the
in.
In
addition,
language
is
Rajan.
Bullock
in
English
is
wok
for
cooking
and
parabolic.
We
mix
together
these
two
words
becoming
wok
Pollock,
but
we
have
to
use
the
Indonesian
words.
You
can
see
a
lot
of
pictures
of
this
type
of
antenna,
it's
becoming
furry
Indonesians
style,
so
the
technology
becoming
owned
by
the
Indonesian
people.
Ok,
you
can
check
on
Google
Google
notice
it
ok.
Next
one
is
Kanchana
use
the
word
community
network
Indonesia.
L
H
J
A
H
A
L
L
M
L
Okay,
everything
I
will
in
skip
something,
so
we
realize
okay.
So,
while
waiting
for
the
slide
to
load,
we
may
need
to
negotiate
with
the
government.
So
to
give
you
some
idea
what
what
how
tough
our
job
is
in
the
past
Wi-Fi
is
not
free.
We
have
to
pay
about
2000
US
dollar
per
year
per
access
point
to
the
government,
so
we
fight
with
them
and
finally,
5
January
January
2005
Wi-Fi
is
liberated,
so
we
can
use
Wi-Fi
for
free.
L
So
all
this
network,
our
Wi-Fi
base,
we
modify
the
antenna
for
long-distance
connection
and
we
are
not
using
like
Philippines
cellular
yeah,
but
could
this
minutes
to
run
now
only
girl?
Thank
you
very
much.
So
could
this
Minister
on
cellular
network
in
Papua
for
I?
Don't
know
six
seven
years,
I,
don't
know
a
couple
of
year,
yes,
some
years
and
becoming
example
for
the
nation
government.
Finally,
2018
the
government
sign
an
act
that
we
can
experiment
with
any
technology
in
rural.
L
C
I
L
A
M
Thank
you
in
the
section
I
will
tell
what
flop
in
the
rural
internet
for
Milan
City
next
okay,
this
is
Pamela
Regency
Milan
is
one
latency
of
Central
Java
province
of
Indonesia,
which
is
located
on
the
north
coast
line
at
mr.
flea
American
city
fat
in
the
forty
district
and
211
villages
beside
the
territory
divided
into
la
line
and
hike
line.
Next.
M
M
Limiting
that
information,
the
transfer
that
million
transfer
in
communication
with
other
is
problem
at
the
time
to
overcome
this
problem
with
develop
the
internet
access
to
cover
this
area
by
funding
society.
Next,
this
is
some
image
process
of
building
internet
access.
You
can
see
we
work
in
general
and.
M
Some
tool:
next,
this
is
document
se
we
will
in
which
we
will
tour
in
a
free
village
next
and
that
map
that
monitoring
map
of
Internet
connection
using
ubiquity
network
management
system.
We
use
various
technology
to
connection
every
village
with
internet
access
to
request
was
pulled.
We
conduct
two
proper
training
to
the
community.
Next.
M
M
M
This
is
in
the
sled.
Some
image
of
select
information
system
try
an
activity.
We
socialization
the
system
to
the
community
next,
and
this
is
filling
information
system
that
we
create.
We
call
it
she
become
/
using
she
become
application.
Now
the
village
is
able
to
provide
so
some
fast
surface
to
the
community.
Next.
M
M
This
is
social
media
website
insurance.
It
train
activity,
we
trained
community
apart
using
a
social
media
who
too
many
complaint
ending
in
social
media
and
share
information
in
social
media.
Now
then
select
official
account
have
been
verified
by
Twitter
in
additional.
We
trying
to
fellate
official
to
manic
feel
a
government
website
and
also
journalists.
Training
include
how
to
create
unless
star
talk
in
web
site.
Next.
M
N
D
L
It's
a
flip
to
answer
your
questions.
Okay,
to
be
honest,
what
we
are
doing
at
the
moment
still
still
in
early
stage,
but
some
of
I
have
to
show
the
video
there
is
a
junior
high
school
girl,
building
an
IOT
for
hydroponic
farming
and
but
but
this
one
is
not
in
their
area.
It's
not
far
away
from
that
area.
Actually
in
India
carta
in
in
the
mountain
in
jakarta.
So
yes,
they
are
doing
something
like
that
in
village.
Cool
all
right.
Thank
you,
but
I
like
to
learn
from
John.
L
L
They
are,
we
are
afraid
to
answer
questions
so
basically
they
have,
they
have
a
center,
they
call
it
spin
less
data
center
organization
and
they
they
run
some
sort
of
internet
exchange.
So
a
lot
of
connection
is
P
connection
to
this
one.
How
big
is
the
bandwidth?
You
have
now
hundred
the
total
bandwidth
hundred
ten
total
bandwidth
under
ten,
but
multiple
ISP?
Thank
you
and
they
share
it
to
the
other
villages,
and
we
run.
We
run
a
lot
of
local
server
like
streaming
video
voice
over
IP,
so
all
server
locally.
L
A
You
gotta
hack
the
network
right,
sir
excellent.
Well,
thank
you
very
much.
No,
no
don't
be
sorry.
I
think
it's
fabulous.
I
may
not
look
like
a
rebel,
but
in
my
heart,
so
I'd
like
to
just
thank
everyone
for
coming
and
we're
gonna
have
to
wrap
up,
but
these
fabulous
people
who
are
actually
building
networks
and
very
hard
to
reach
places
with
very
little
money
and
a
lot
of
energy
are
here
and
they're
learning
from
many
people
here
at
the
IETF
they're
here
to
talk
about
open
standards
because
they're
deploying
them
in
their
networks.
A
These
are
actual
networks,
they're
not
high
grade
commercial
networks,
but
they
are
good
networks
in
the
regions
and
they're
being
developed
in
a
very
interesting
technical
way
because
oftentimes
they
have
to
get
hacked
and
oftentimes.
The
government
aren't
allowing
them
in
places
where
there
is
no
connectivity
go
figure.
So
Leandro.
A
My
counterpart
from
Griffey
is
telling
me
that
in
Vancouver
at
the
next
IETF
we
are
going
to
talk
about
the
importance
of
our
next
steps
on
hacking
documents
with
you
to
discuss
some
of
these
networks
and
provide
more
examples
of
these
networks.
So
if
you'd
like
to
join
our
mailing
list,
you
can
find
it
online.
A
That's
the
guy,
a
mailing
list
through
the
website
and
we're
going
to
be
looking
at
the
interface
between
CNS
and
IXPs
wholesale
operators
for
fiber,
which
is
like
the
gwee
fee,
Network
wholesale
fiber,
different
community
networks
in
loora,
loora,
one
wifey,
GSM
and
other,
and
so
we'll
be
combining
our
efforts
with
all
of
you
from
around
the
world.
Please
join
the
list,
we'll
hack
this
together
and
we'll
do
more
at
the
next
guy
a
meeting
in
Vancouver.
So
thank
you
for
your
time.