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From YouTube: IETF114 GAIA 20220727 1400
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A
Write
the
same
code
of
contact
slide
about
the
goals
of
the
irtf
and
the
charter
of
the
gaia
group.
A
The
objectives
from
the
web
page-
I
haven't
changed
them
since
the
beginning,
so
it
might
look,
maybe
a
bit
meeting
for
an
update
and
then
there
is
the
the
agenda
as
we
we
had
it
back
here
yesterday.
A
And
yeah
there
is
a
reminder
in
the
chat
from
colleen
that
these
masks
are
required
in
the
meeting
room.
B
And
landrieu
should
we
shall
we
just
get
started
given
we've
got
some
of
our
presenters
with
us.
A
Well,
we
all
remember
the
content
so
so.
The
first
thing
is
the
node
well
document
that
is
common
to
all
iit
ietf
and
irtf
meetings.
I'm
not
gonna,
read
okay
in
detail.
You
will
find
it
in
the
data
tracker.
A
You
know
the
irtf
has
is
slightly
different
from
the
ietf,
because
we
focus
on
on
long-term
research
issues,
whereas
idf
is
more
focused
on
short-term
and
and
that
we
conduct
research
and
we
are
not
a
standards,
development
organization.
A
We
can
also
publish
rfc
documents
and
but
there's
some
additional
information
in
case
you're
interested
and
particularly
specifically
about
the
gaia
group.
So
you
see,
the
charter
mentions
a
study
from
internet
society
from
10
years
ago,
but
the
situation
hasn't
changed
quantitatively
or
qualitatively
enough
to
make
this
charter
out
of
date.
A
And-
and
this
is
the
agenda.
So
this
is
what
we
are
doing
now,
the
the
first
bullet
point,
and
by
by
the
way
one
of
the
points
is,
is
the
minutes
taker?
Is
there
anyone
willing
to
to
do
that.
A
Given
that,
in
addition,
the
tool
allows
multiple
writers,
so
is
there
anyone
without
exclusive
access
to
to
take
some
notes?
It
will
help
us
to
produce
the
minutes
later.
A
So,
if
you
want
to
there's
a
website,
which
is
this
notes
idf,
you
can
access
with
your
idf
login
and
then
this
is
the
starting
point
from
the
minutes.
So
if
anyone
is
interested
locally
or
remotely,
I
copy.
A
Okay,
so
so
that's
that's
from
my
side.
A
B
One
comment:
yes,
yeah.
One
comment,
andrew
sorry,
hello,
everyone,
I
think.
Maybe
we
could
have
curtis
introduce
himself
yeah.
A
E
Sure,
great
hello,
everyone,
some
of
you
have
met
me
before
I've
been
to
a
few.
I
guess
at
this
point
my
name
is
curtis
heimerl,
I'm
an
assistant
professor,
soon
to
be
associate
professor
at
the
university
of
washington,
where
I've
been
working
on
internet
access,
global
internet
access
for
a
really
long
time,
deploying
networks
in
many
remote
rural
parts
of
the
world,
including
in
partnership
with
some
folks
who
are
talking
particularly
flip
at
the
university
of
the
philippines.
E
I
guess
no
longer
diversified,
I
guess
you're
a
dost,
and
even
here
we
just
deployed
a
network
up
in
the
canadian
arctic
and
run
the
seattle
community
network
with
a
bunch
of
folks,
and
so
I'm
joining
up
as
a
guy,
a
chair
after
participating
in
many
many
guys.
At
this
point,
I
think
my
first
one
was
at
the
nsdr
in
like
2010
when
arjuna
was
was
one
of
the
chairs,
so
I'm
really
excited
to
be
here
and
to
contribute
back
to
this
community.
D
I
I
just
wanted
to
very
briefly
thank
curtis
for
being
willing
to
to
step
up
to
this
this
role.
I
think
it's,
it's
really
good.
That
he's
doing
that.
So
I'd
like
to
welcome
him
and
hope
for
many
more
productive
years
in
the
kayak
group.
A
Thank
you
so
much
colleen,
and
in
order
to
keep
the
the
number
of
co-chairs
an
even
number,
then
my
plan
is
to
step
down
after
this
meeting
so
well.
Thank
you
very
much
for
all
everyone
that
made
these
meetings
possible
and
the
great
continues
I
will
keep
participating
is
simply
changing
position
in
the
room.
So
I'm
looking
forward
to
meeting
you
face
to
face
hopefully
soon.
A
A
It's
been
a
pleasure,
I
learned
so
much
and
it's
like
a
great
and
I
hope
I
hope
curtis
will
enjoy
as
well
as
as
I
did.
F
All
right,
I'm
just
changing
my
screen.
C
C
F
Yeah,
thank
you
everyone.
I
hope
you
can
see
my
screen
well,
if
you
have
some
issues
of
not
seeing
the
screen,
please
let
me
know
so
it's
my
pleasure
to
talk
about
today's
topic
of
my
presentation
about
satellite
integrated
community
networks,
and
I
will
talk
about
the
the
management
gap
that
are
existing
in
the
in
this
paradigm.
F
I
will
talk
about
with
autonomous
maintainability,
so
just
a
brief
introduction
to
myself,
I'm
a
a
general
professor
at
the
charities
school
of
computer
science,
as
well
as
the
department
of
stats
and
the
curio
science
at
the
university
of
waterloo,
canada,
I'm
also
a
research
officer
in
digital
technologies,
research
center
at
national
research,
research,
council,
canada.
F
First
of
all,
I'm
going
to
talk
about
the
broadband
gap
that
can
be
bridged
with
the
advanced
satellite
networks,
and
then
I
would
talk
about
the
satellite
integrated
community
networks
and
followed
by
the
management
gap
identified
and
also
the
autonomous
maintainability
as
a
important
step
to
realizing
the
the
management
challenge
existing
in
the
sics,
and
I
will
give
a
proof
of
concept
in
terms
of
a
case,
study
and
I'll
make
a
conclusion
and
end
so
just
to
give
us
a
quick,
updated
view
of
the
current
two
large
low
earth
orbit
satellites
in
short,
animations.
F
What
you
can
see,
that
is
the
they
are
actually
sorry,
I
think
there's
some
issues
right
here,
oops,
maybe
you
have
to
bear
with
me
for
a
second.
I
have
to
bring
it
back
somehow.
F
F
Low
earth
orbit
satellite
constellations
that
are
up
and
running
in
our
outer
space
of
earth
and
what
you
just
saw
is
the
animation
which
runs
faster
28
times
faster
than
its
normal
speed.
And
what
we
can
see
here
is
that
the
leo
satellites
in
these
constellations
are
moving
and
they
can
have
global
coverage.
F
So
in
this
slide
we
can
see
some
examples
of
the
advanced
satellite
platforms
and
the
recent
revamped
interest
for
satellite
communications
actually
results
from
the
reduce
the
cost
for
space
launches
and
enhance
the
capability
of
hardware
platforms.
That
makes
the
broadband
satellite
internet
possible
and
for
those
examples
we
can
see,
they
are
actually
nano
and
small
satellites
as
small
as
a
shoe
box,
size
or
and
or
either
very
light
weight,
as
we
see
from
example,
from
spacex
sterling
constellation,
as
well
as
the
telesat
satellite
constellations.
F
Both
are
representative
satellite
constellations
and
they
will
form
a
network
in
large
or
mega
constellations
in
space
when
they
are
fully
launched.
F
And
the
median
earth,
wobbly,
satellites
and
geo
satellites
are
also
gets
enhanced
recently.
So
there
are
two
examples
shown
here:
one
is
the
ses
high
throughput
satellite
with
30
000
steerable
beams
supporting
50
megabytes
per
second
to
10
gigabits
per
second
data
rate,
and
the
other
one
is
the
immerse
at
very
high
throughput
geo
satellites.
F
So
with
those
advanced
systems,
of
course,
there
are
other
enabling
technologies
on
the
user
terminal
side,
as
well
with
all
those
innovations
and
improvements
that
are
made
to
the
satellite
communication
systems.
We
can
actually
now
provide
very
high
quality
internet
connection
to
the
rural
and
remote
communities,
and
we
can
see
that
it
has.
Satellite
networks
has
long
been
a
key
connectivity
option
for
community
networks
on
a
global
scale
and
in
the
report
of
broadband
coverage
in
europe.
F
2017
satellite
broadband
is
considered
the
most
pervasive
technology
in
europe,
europe
in
terms
of
overall
coverage,
and
we
can
see
other
similar.
You
know
coverage
and
cases
around
other
places
of
the
world
and
the
development
of
the
satellite
networking
technology
also
matched
the
recent
developments
over
the
different
technical
communities.
For
example,
3gpp
has
been
looking
at
the
integration
of
leo
satellites
or
non-terrestrial
networks
into
the
5g
and
beyond
infrastructure
and
internet
society.
In
this
year's
annual
plan.
They
have
also
mentioned
the
exploration
of
looking
at
leo
satellites
for
community
networks
or
satellite
networks.
F
As
a
example,
simple
example
show
here,
we
can
see
this
sicn
architecture
in
different
parts,
for
example,
edge
backhoe
and
the
backbone
segments
between
cn
users
and
its
providers
and
the
cns
are
connected
to
the
edge
or
access
network,
with
at
least
a
satellite
front.
End
and
backhaul
links
provided
by
the
satellite
itself,
and
also
it
has
optional
terrestrial
network
connections
which,
while
all
connected
to
the
backbone
of
the
internet,
including
the
service
providers,.
F
F
So
talking
about
the
sistine
paradigm,
we
will
realize
there
are
many
technical
challenges
and
how
to
ensure,
for
example,
how
to
ensure
the
performance,
metrics
and
different
service
level
agreements
in
terms
of
the
latency.
That
rates
reliability
as
well
as
the
fairness
is
very
important,
and
it
can
also
introduce
the
complexity
in
communication
and
computation,
for
example,
with
the
introduction
of
space
assets
with
high
dynamics
in
terms
of
velocity
access
estates
in
the
routes
and
the
signal
propagation
impairments
caused
by
atmospheric
conditions
and
system
heterogeneity
in
payloads.
F
For
example.
Nowadays,
the
the
satellites
are
using
software-defined
radios
and
also
they're
going
to
employ
the
software-defined
networking
technologies,
and
that
well
really
gives
us
really
interesting
discussions
about
the
new
architectures
and
computing,
and
also
with
increasing
adoption
of
ai
algorithms.
In
networking.
The
data
will
be
a
challenging
part
to
resolve
for
sicns
due
to
the
fact
that
some
parts
of
the
management
data,
for
example
in
satellite
networks
parts
may
be
scars.
F
F
And
we
also
have
the
network
management
considered
as
a
big
challenge
as
well,
especially
when
the
network
gets
more
complex,
where
maintenance,
resource
management
and
orchestration
for
different
parts
of
the
integrated
network
need
to
be
done
efficiently
and
also
the
governance
model
while
gets
changed,
or
we
need
to
put
more
thoughts
into
the
into
the
model
based
on
the
multi-state
holder
model
that
internet
has
been
based
on
and
because
we
have
multiple
stakeholders
in
the
in
the
model,
such
as
network
operators,
community
users,
stakeholders
and
service
providers,
etc.
F
And
now
I'm
going
to
focus
on
the
talking
about
a
management
gap
that
are
existing
for
sicns,
as
we
are
trying
to
bridging
the
broadband
gap,
which
is
now
possible
nowadays
with
the
technologies
and
connective
options
right
now,
where
there
is
a
hidden
or
management
gap
in
community
networks.
That
needs
to
be
addressed,
especially
for
sicns,
where
the
autonomous
maintainability
is
an
essential
step
to
achieving
this
goal.
F
Due
to
the
fact
that
the
community
users
often
suffer
from
the
the
poor
maintenance
efforts
or
responsive
maintenance
efforts
and
also
there's
a
lack
of
technical
support
always
in
there.
F
Ietf
the
concept
and
now
so
talking
about
self-maintenance.
I
would
like
to
propose
a
hierarchical
approach
to
that.
So
here
the
concept
of
this
approach
is
shown
in
this
diagram
they're.
Basically,
two
parts
of
the
diagram
one
is
the
on
top.
Is
the
machine
learning
pipeline
and
the
other
parts
is
the
hierarchical
view
of
how
those
results
gets
introduced
to
help
with
the
normally
identification
step,
and
then
once
we
identify
the
anomalies
correctly
and
efficiently,
we
can
execute
some
anomaly
mitigation
schemes
specific
to
the
sicns.
F
The
network
states,
where
the
multiple
network
anomalies
caused
by
different
factors
can
be
considered
and
the
class
labels
represent
the
states
in
the
data
sets,
so
the
states
of
of
the
network
can
be
normal
or
abnormal
states
or
it
can
be
extended
into
multiple
fine-grained
states
depends
on
the
applications
so
illustratively
the
self-maintenance
process,
I'm
talking
about,
can
be
split
into
three
phases:
identification,
planning
and
execution,
and
we
can
see
in
the
presence
of
a
good
mitigation
scheme
that
can
be
provided
by
a
backup
connection
during
the
time
period
for
repairs.
F
F
Now
comes
to
the
kind
of
a
proof
of
concept
setup
because
we
wanted
to
know
if
or
how
the
machine
learning
algorithm
can
help
with
a
self-maintenance
scenario
following
the
hierarchical
approach
design.
F
In
this
case,
we
set
up
a
sicn
in
a
emulated
environment
where
satellite
entities
and
routers
are
based
on
the
mininet
virtual
machines
and
satellite
and
the
fixed
connection.
Backhoes
labeled,
as
n0
and
n1
are
connected
to
an
sicn,
including
three
communities
on
the
very
left
represented
by
local
networks,
n52n7
and
the
backbone
backbone
service
provider.
Networks
n2
to
m4
are
shown
on
the
right
and
n5
represent
an
sicn
setup
with
cellular
distribution
and
n6
represents
the
classic.
F
The
traditional
sdcn
setup
and
n7
represents
another
sic
setup
with
the
connection
diversity
provided
by
satellite
and
fixed
connections,
and
each
router
here
were
added
to
each
network
as
an
autonomous
assistant
to
generate
and
lock
bgp
traffic,
because
it's
very
representative
traffic.
We
wanted
to
know
to
see
the
potentials
of
whether
we
can
use
that
for
for
these
self-maintenance
case
study
and
the
traffic
flows
from
the
service
provider
to
community
network
and
users
are
through
in
one
to
n0.
F
Just
to
show
the
brief
experimental
results
the
table
on
the
left
shows
the
indicate
that
there
are
promising
machine
learning
algorithms
available.
So
there
generally
are
recurrent
neural
network
methods,
and
example,
measures
specifically.
F
They
are
gru
and
lstm
for
rn
models
and
xg
boost
and
rf
random
forest
for
the
example
method,
immersion
learning
and
also
we
can
see
that
with
the
hierarchical
approach,
where
we
expand
experimented
with
the
public
network
intrusion
data
as
well
as
our
own
generated
data
through
that
network
emulation
for
bhp
traffic,
we
can
see
that
that
there
are
performance
improvements
by
using
the
hierarchical
approach,
as
shown
in
the
pipeline
in
the
previous
slide.
F
So
all
for
all
those
you
know
top
performing
machine
learning
method.
They
can
all
have
the
improvements
in
terms
of
accuracy,
the
in
terms
of
the
key
performance
metrics
such
as
accuracy,
f1
score
and
the
training
time.
F
For
conclusion,
we
can
see
that
community
networks
are
expected
to
have
increasing
integration
with
the
space
and
terrestrial
components
brought
by
the
advanced
satellite
networks
and
communication
in
the
form
of
satellite
integrated
community
networks.
Sicns
and
sicn,
as
a
paradigm
can
provide
a
promising
configuration
for
leveraging
not
only
space
component
but
also
ground
and
ear
setups,
and
the
proposed
machine
learning
based
hierarchical
approach
to
autonomous
maintenance
for
sic
and
management
shows
some
promising
results.
F
B
C
B
B
Does
anyone
have
a
question
for
peng
philippe?
Do.
C
Are
you
at
all
concerned
about
the
station.
G
If
I
can
jump
in
bang
hyping
up,
this
is
basically
going
back.
I
think
to
I
slide
seven
or
eight
of
your
presentation,
where
you
showed
us
a
broadband
map
coverage
map.
C
F
G
Slide
eight
correct,
not
seven
when
you
talked
off
the
coverage
across
north
america
and
you
showed
you
know
the
general
distribution
of
satellite
terminals
and
sdcns.
So
I
found
I
found
one
thing
very
surprising:.
C
G
You
know,
being
a
extremely
you
know,
sparsely
populated
region.
I
would
expect
to
have
had
a
lot
more.
You
know
sdcns
being
deployed
over
there
because
of
the
vast
distances
involved
and
even
in
the
united
states.
G
You
know
the
midwest
and
the
mountain
regions
seem
to
have
like
big
gaps
in
them,
where
you'd
expect
a
lot
of
rural
communities
to
be
there,
and
they
are
kind
of
ideal
locations
for
satellite
based
bandwidth
to
go
in,
but
we're
seeing
a
lot
of
concentration
on
the
coasts
and
in
the
more
densely
populated
areas.
So
do
you
have
any
idea
as
to
why
this
kind
of
distribution
is
there
or
is
it
some
anomaly
of
the
specific
data
set
that
was
used
to
calculate
these.
F
Points
yes
thanks
very
much
for
for
your
question.
That's
really
depends
on
the
data
sets
I'm
using
right
there,
because
there
are
two
data
sets
that
actually
drop
from
two
countries,
so
they
have
different
magnitude,
basically
and
a
scalar.
So
in
the
u.s
I
actually
filtered
out
the
some
of
the
communities
with
the
user
less
than
99
households.
F
So
that's
why?
Maybe
you
didn't
see
a
lot
of
dance,
the
dots
across
the
country
because
of
that
because
in
canada
the
data
scare
is
different:
they're,
not
measured
by
the
households
they're
measured
by
the
communities,
the
geographical
sides-
that's
where
so
that
maybe
the
one
of
the
dots
represents
hundreds
or
two
thousand
people
over
there.
G
Yeah,
so
so
that's
fine
thing.
My
question
is
more
on
the
lines
of
you'd,
expect
that
the
east
and
west
coast
in
the
us,
because
of
their
population
density,
will
have
a
much
higher.
You
know:
distribution
of
terrestrial
networks
and
fixed,
fixed
and
fixed
wireless
net
networks
available.
G
Expect
there
to
be
a
corresponding
decrease
in
the
need
for
satellite
connectivity,
but
that
doesn't
seem
to
be
the
case
right.
The
the
data
is
obviously
showing
something
quite
different,
so
I
find
that.
I
F
Yes,
so
I
I
would
you
know
this
is
based
on
the
the
data
itself.
There
are
some
specific
descriptions
you
can
check
specifically
from
this
paper
of
that
mentions
the
data
source
and
also
there
are
different
rural
areas
as
well,
so
not
only
the
remote
communities
that
are
really
depend
on
that,
and
we
should
all
also
realize
there
are
some
backbone
connections
like
fiber
optical
connections
are
extending
into
different
areas
of
the
country.
This
is
very
sim,
true
for
the
for
canada
and
northern
communities.
F
They
are
all
and
some
parts
of
the
alberta
they
have
some
a
lot
of
projects
regarding
the
extension
of
the
fiber
optic
connections,
so
some
of
the
communities
are
actually
merging
into
multiple
connectivity
options.
So
that's
we're
really
realistically
making
the
sicn
paradigm
happen.
Actually.
B
Okay,
thank
you,
peng.
I
think
this
is
a
a
great
point
that
you're
making,
particularly
with
what
we're
seeing
about
the
importance
for
redundancy
and
resiliency
around
the
planet
and
having
more
than
one
network
available.
Rajiv.
Are
you
in
the
queue
because
sorry
you're
out
of
the
queue
now
philip?
Are
you
in
the
queue
to
ask
a
question
of
peng?
We
want
to
keep
these
pretty
short
so
that
he
could
answer
a
couple
more
great
curtis
or
you're
in
the
queue
too
so
you're
up
and.
C
E
So
this
was
a
great
talk.
Thank
you.
So
much
peng,
I'm
going
to
email
you
out
of
band
because
I
was
literally
in
which
is
one
of
the
dots
on
here
about
two
weeks
ago,
installing
a
community
network
and
we're
really
like
just
trying
to
figure
out
when
starlink
will
get
there
and
how
how
important
that'll
be.
I'm
curious
about
a
couple
things.
E
I
think
this
map
is
interesting
because,
ostensibly
there's
a
community
network
in
there,
I
can
see
the
dot,
but
such
a
thing
doesn't
exactly
exist,
so
I
think
we're
using
very
different
or
maybe
different
definitions
of
these
things,
because
there's
a
northwest
tel
satellite
link
in
the
village
that
gets
used
and
everyone
complains
about.
But
the
big
question
I
have
is
about
really
the
overall
methodology
I
mean
my
experience
in
community
networks
has
been
that
the
failure
modes
are
not
things
that
require
machine
learning,
to
figure
out
what
happened.
E
You
know,
unlike
situations
like
rogers
and
the
other
failures
that
are,
you
know
somewhat
large
in
the
central
core
network.
It's
almost
always
just
the
power
as
a
problem
or
something
like
that
and
so
methodologically.
What
we
do
is
what
we
will
be
doing
here
soon
is
going
into
the
community
and
running
some
training
courses
and
teaching
people
about
the
technology
and
teaching
people
about
hey
that
blinky
lights
off.
That
means
you
should
probably
do
something.
How
does
that
fit
into
you?
All's
vision
of
creating
resilient
networks
in
these
areas.
F
So
yeah,
that's
a
really
good
point.
I
noticed
that
some
many
community
networks
are
currently
set
up
in
a
very
small
scale
and
and
they
have
their
own
different
problems.
Some
are
okay
with
just
the
traditional
way
of
solving
the
issues
or
faults
within
the
network.
Some
are
really
correlated
to
other
areas
or
segments
of
the
network,
for
example,
but
they
do
have
common
grounds.
F
They
do
have
common
grounds
in
terms
of
machine
learning
can
be
used
as
a
way
to
automate
this
process
due
to
the
the
lack
of
technical
support
due
to
the
lack
of
response,
expectation
of
responsive
maintenance
efforts
to
be
done
to
give
them
really
smooth
and
uninterrupted
internet
access
experience.
F
So
what
I
imagine
is
that
they're
gonna
there
will
be
some
transformation
due
to
the
current
satellite
communications
technologies.
F
So,
but
maybe
people
can
see
that
oh
okay,
they
have
good
connection
to
the
starlink,
for
example,
not
promoting
that
service
anyways
just
example
to
have
good
connection
and
a
good
cost
effective
package.
So,
for
in
terms
of
that,
the
maintenance
is
still
over
there,
because
they're
gonna
be
some
a
lot
of
different
stakeholders
and
operators
into
you
know
the
service
for
providing
internet
connection
to
the
community
networks
and
the
training
regarding
the
community
network
users
will
be
to
let
them
know
the
options
and
connective
options.
F
B
Thank
you
awesome.
We
have
about
about
three
to
four
more
minutes
for
questions
for
peng,
because
we
have
some
other
great
speakers
in
the
queue
so
john
clinton,
I
see
you
have
a
hand
up
and
you've
been
patiently
waiting
and
nabil
benamar.
I
think
we're
going
to
have
to
lock
the
queue
after
an
appeal.
B
So
if
we
could
do
a
quick
round
with
pang
and
peng,
if
we
could
keep
our
answers
a
little
short
so
that
we
can
also-
and
let's
make
sure
we
have
your
email
so
that
we
can,
if
you
don't
mind
putting
it
in
the
chat,
so
folks
could
contact
you,
because
this
was
a
really
great
presentation
and
curtis.
I
want
to
put
on
the
clipboard
your
point
about
the
definition
of
cns,
because
that
could
be
something
we
look
at
for
the
next
meeting.
So
john
clinton
you're
up
question
for
peng.
C
Are
you
concerned
about
the
impact
this
work
may
have
on
the
on
the
space
junk
on
encouraging
more
satellites
and,
consequently,
the
space
junk
problem
or
or
is
that
something
you're?
Just
assuming
somebody
else
is
worried
about.
F
Exactly
the
space
junk
is
one
of
the
big
concern.
I'm
doing
the
research
actually
on
that
area,
because
that
really
the
environmental
space
environmental
issues
is
a
big
concern
for
for
humanity,
and
we
have
seen
that,
though
some
act,
you
know
some
activities
have
been
done
for
our
european
space
agency
and
globally,
actually
gradually,
and
but
we
are
glad
to
see
that
it's
happening,
but
for
sure
the
space
junk
needs
to
be
taken
care
of
an
early
stage
before
it's
getting
worse.
B
Thank
you,
pang.
That's
great
naville
benamar,
a
well-known
colleague
in
the
ietf
nabil
over
to
you
for
a
question
for
peng.
H
Thank
you.
Thank
you,
jane
I'd
like
to
ask
you
just
a
question
about
the
simulation
setup.
Maybe
because
you
have
mentioned
that
you
use
the
mininet
with
vms
and
I
think
that
it
can
cause
some
issue
when
we
you
want
to
scale
to
to
to
use
a
lot
of
of
of
nodes.
So
mininet
has
a
limit
because
of
the
ram
and
all
the
stuff.
H
F
B
F
B
It
looks
like
we
have
philip
martinez
resilient
education
information
infrastructure
for
the
new
for
the
new
normal.
C
I
I
think
you
should
see
my
screen
right
now.
I
cannot
see
that.
I
Okay,
I'll
just
enlarge
this
one
good
evening
from
the
philippines
hi
everyone-
it
is
great
to
present
here
at
the.
E
I
I
Okay,
so
again,
hi
everyone
pleased
to
meet
you
here
right,
virtually
I'm
philip
martinez
from
the
philippines,
I'm
affiliated
with
now
with
the
department
of
science
and
technology
advanced
science
and
technology
institute,
and
I
serve
as
the
technical
lead
of
this
project.
A
resilient
educational
information
infrastructure
for
you,
normal.
I
I
I
So
the
problem
is
that
we
had
difficulties
in
educational
content,
transmission
in
remote
learning
due
to
the
unreliable
internet
connection,
the
philippines.
As
you
can
see
in
the
slide,
those
teachers
are
actually
in
their
arms
in
their
cell
phones
searching
for
a
signal.
I
So
the
challenge
that
we
are
taking
on
at
the
osdast
is
to
develop
innovative
solutions,
utilizing
uhf
tv
channels
to
provide
internet
connectivity
and
to
support
our
remote
education
in
the
philippines,
so
again,
project
rain.
I
The
focus
of
this
project
is
to
develop
the
solutions
that
uses
uhf
tv
channels
to
support
remote
education
and
to
provide
internet
creativity
since
face-to-face
classes
is
still
limited
in
the
philippines
we
haven't
opened
their
schools
yet
so
why
uhf
tv
frequencies,
the
philippines,
has
yet
to
fully
shift
from
analog
tv
to
digital
tv,
and
it's
pegged
at
2023.
I
So
there
is
an
opportunity
for
us
to
champion
for
alternative
use
of
to
do
to
to
the
to
to
be
vacated
spectrum,
specifically
at
600
megahertz
to
700
megahertz
for
600
megahertz.
We
are
adding
this
frequencies
for
both
lte
and
new
range
of
band
71,
which
could
be
used
by
alternative
connectivity
strategies
such
as
community
networks,
and
we
could
also
use
this
for
the
isdbt
standard
which
the,
which
is
the
digital
tv
standard.
I
We
allow
them
in
the
philippines
to
implement
data
casting
test
broadcasts
in
our
recent
survey
regarding
the
use
of
ict
devices
in
the
philippines
last
2019,
tv
and
smartphones
are
almost
a
bit
still
in
the
philippines,
where
78.9
of
filipino
households
have
working
tv
sets
and
40.9
percent
of
these
households
are
within
reach
of
digital
tv
signals.
I
While
82.64
percent
primarily
access
the
internet
here
in
the
philippines
to
our
smartphones,
so
we
have
two
technology
demonstrators
that
that's
what
we
call
them
for
project
crane,
utilizing
the
600
to
700
meg
frequencies.
The
first
is
locality
or
the
local
lte,
which
is
aims
to
develop
a
low-cost
small
scale,
lte
based
station
that
aims
to
address
the
lack
of
internet
access
in
remote
conserved
areas
in
the
country.
I
This
technology
demonstrator
builds
upon
the
gains
of
an
earlier
project.
The
village
base
station
program,
wherein
we
piloted
community
cellular
networks
offering
2g
calls
and
texts.
I
The
second
technology
demonstrator
is
rural
casting
wherein
we
utilize
the
data
casting
feature
of
the
istbt
standard
to
deliver
educational,
digital
content.
Because
right
now
we
only
utilize
the
isbt
to
deliver
a
broader
broadcast
content,
and
we
see
that
we
can
use
the
isdb
more
and
transmit
more
meaningful
information.
I
Again,
let's
focus
on
the
first
technology
demonstrator
first,
so
here
is
the
system
overview
of
a
local
lte.
I
We
host
the
lte
network,
monitoring,
control,
subscriber
management
and
for
this
segment
we
are
using
an
sdr
and
we
are
fitting
a
band
71
rf
front
end.
I
We
connect
this
to
the
internet,
which
could
be
any
technology,
but
for
the
areas
that
we
are
piloting
it.
We
are
using
a
satellite
black
hole
so
once
we
connect
it
to
the
internet,
the
subscribers
can
access
the
internet,
but
without
it
the
subscribers
can
only
access
the
locally
cached
content
like
videos
and
other
educational
materials
for
rural
casting.
I
The
goal
is
to
utilize
again
data
acastic
technology
to
supplement
the
educational
experience
of
the
students
you
can
see
here
in
the
slide
the
prototype
of
the
broadcasting
receiver,
wherein
they
are
receiving
the
broadcast.
At
the
same
time,
they
at
the
background,
the
data
casted
file
is
being
saved
by
the
device.
I
So
again,
the
system
overview
is
that
we
have
a
set
up
box
where
in
it
could
be
used
as
a
standalone
device.
But
it
also
is
a
wi-fi
hotspot
wherein
other
devices
can
connect
to
it
and
the
setup
box
hosts
a
an
lms
like
a
moodle,
and
it
also
hosts
various
apps
from
our
partners,
especially
applications
involving
the
teaching
of
mathematics,
financial
education,
financial
inclusion
and
other
specialized
educational
materials.
I
Now
we
envision
that
our
teachers
in
the
schools
or
in
the
rural
areas
can
have
their
mini,
transmitters
or
mini
tv
transmitters,
so
they
can
conduct
remote
classes
in
their
schools
wherein
the
transmitters
are
located
and
the
students
that
have
their
setup
passes.
Their
homes
can
continue
learning
at
the
comfort
of
their
homes.
I
So
we
envisioned
that
these
two
technology
demonstrators
will
have
this
four
social
impacts:
better
connectivity,
access
to
information,
health
literacy
in
the
context
of
endemic.
We
need
to
provide
verified
health
information
to
to
these
areas
and
number
four,
a
better
learning
experience.
I
Additional
revenue
for
the
community,
eliminating
some
market
barriers,
maximizing
market
yields,
attack,
investors
and
number
five-
is
that
we
acknowledge
that
the
problems
in
the
community
are
unique
to
the
community
and
they
could
read
innovation
with
the
tools
that
we
have
and
we
could
empower
the
the
the
community
members
to
solve
their
own
problems
and
to
breed
innovation,
and
the
sixth
impact
is
the
more
education,
a
more
educated
workforce.
I
So
we
will
show
you
some
of
our
pilot
sites.
We
had
a
set
criteria
on
how
to
select
our
pilot
sites
for
this
project.
I
Number
one
is
the
absence
of
commercial
mobile
phone
service,
a
school
that
is
not
more
than
500
meters
away
from
the
community
with
at
least
50
households,
school
officials
and
members
of
the
community
are
willing
to
participate
or
participate
in
cooperating
the
project
and
no
one,
no
ongoing
armed
conflict
ability
for
possible
roads,
stable,
reliable
electric
power
from
the
local
unity
utility
and
some
open
space
to
host
our
towers.
I
So
one
of
our
pilot
sites
is
a
san
andreas.
Tana
result
it's
a
two-hour
ride
from
the
capital
modula,
but
it
has
no
silver
signal
service
because
of
geographical
challenges.
I
The
other
pilot
is
for
our
one
of
our
technology.
Demonstrators
royal
casting
it's
a
nearby
town
from
san
andreas
and
the
second
pilot
for
local
lte
is
in
zambales,
wherein
they
also
had
difficulty
in
having
cellular
service.
In
fact,
in
that
picture,
that
is
the
only
spot
in
the
community
wherein
they
could
receive
sms
messages,
so
we
are
targeting
six
other
pilot
communities
and
nomination
of
these
communities
is
through
data
crowdsourcing,
wherein
we
post
a
status
and
facebook,
and
we
would
verify
the
information
that
was
sent
to
us
through
various
sources.
I
I
This
is
also
a
picture
of
technology
demonstrator
aimed
at
the
community
and
not
just
the
students,
but
the
subscriber
potential
subscribers
of
the
network
here
are
some
groundbreaking
activities
here
in
the
philippines.
Groundbreaking
activities
is
a
big
thing
because
it
signifies
the
start
of
a
project
and
a
start
of
something
beneficial
to
the
community,
and
here
are
some
finnish
towers
for
san
andreas
and
zambales,
the
other.
The
one
of
the
tower
is
hosted
at
at
top
of
the
building
of
the
school,
where
the
other
is
on
the
ground.
I
So
currently,
we
are
in
talks
with
our
regulator
for
our
limited
permits
in
these
select
pilot
areas,
and
we
are
hoping
for
policy
changes
or
recommendations
for
government
entities
such
as
uost
performing
quasi-telco
functions,
because
right
now,
importation
of
telco
equipment
using
frequencies.
I
That
functions
are
exclusive
for
our
telco
companies
and
with
that
we
had
a
restricted
ability
to
import
lte
band,
71
commercial
of
the
shelf,
radios
and
end
user
devices,
so
we
had
to
resort
to
building
our
own
our
front
end
using
and
using
software-defined
radios,
and
we
also
have
an
apartment
redundancy
with
the
free
wi-fi
program
for
all
of
the
philippines,
wherein
another
department
is
installing
free,
wi-fi
hotspots,
but
we
believe
that
a
sustainable
operational
model
for
community
buy-in
or
participative
participating
networks
is
a
more
suitable
option,
rather
than
this
free
wi-fi
that
that
is
dependent
on
subsidies
all
around.
I
So
we
want
to
establish
lte
networks
where
in
the
community
can
combine
in
and
participate
and
operate
and
here's
pictures
of
our
team,
and
with
that
I
end
my
presentation
and
thank
you.
Our
email
is
at
project
green
asset
usd.page,
and
you
can
follow
our
updates
in
facebook
at
facebook.comprojectrain.
A
Thank
you
so
much
so
we
can.
We
can
move
to
the
questions.
G
I
guess
I'm
first
in
the
queue
again
hi,
philip,
that's
an
amazing
presentation.
You
just
gave
you
guys
seem
to
be
doing
some
great
work.
You
know
in
the
community-
and
I
just
wanted
to
find
out
if
you
guys
are
open
to
more
collaborations,
because
we
are
doing
some
very
similar
stuff.
G
You
know
you
will
see
that
when
we
present
and
we'd
love
to
you
know
just
kind
of
touch
base
with
you
and
compare
notes,
because
I'm
I'm
sure
each
of
us
will
have
a
lot
of
learnings
from
our
respective
activities
in
rural
communities.
That
you
know
can
become
a
part
of
the
knowledge
base,
as
we
you
know,
build
towards
serving
more
and
more
communities
worldwide.
I
Yeah
yeah,
I
think
you
could
leave
the
email
for
this,
for
so
that.
D
I
Start
our
communication.
Basically,
this
is
an
opportunity
for
us
to
compare
notes
actually,
because,
while
decor
technology
is
the
same,
we
have
different
contexts
in
our
deployments,
so
we
have
we.
Our
problems
might
be
similar.
My
problems
might
not
that
similar,
but
at
least
we
can
compare
nodes.
What
are
the
players?
I'm.
G
Pretty
sure
are
going
to
be
significantly
different
because
we
are
approaching
this
from
an
entirely
non-governmental.
G
You
know
angle,
where
we
don't
really
we
basically
looking
at
working
through
an
existing,
telco
and
stuff
like
that,
whereas
you're
doing
a
lot
through,
you
know
government
programs
and
the
ability,
like
you
said,
of
your
organization,
to
become
like
a
quasi
telco
on
the
back
of
policy.
You
know
intervention
from
the
government
to
allow
you
to
do
things
quite
differently
from
what
we.
E
All
right
I'll
jump
in,
I
think
I'm
the
next
in
the
queue
thanks
flip
thanks
for
for
for
jumping
in
here
and
being
helpful
just
for
everyone
in
the
room
worked
for
flip
for
a
while
he's
one
of
the
best,
and
I
wanted
to
ask
you're
gonna,
hear
me
beating
the
same
drum,
for
everyone
will
be
coming
to
gaia
of
technical
training.
Using
platforms
like
this.
I
We
have
been
in
talks
with
other
groups
in
the
philippines,
wherein
we
really
need
to
have
an
information
drive
or
some
materials
we're
in
how
to
access
the
internet
or
how
to
use
the
internet
for
the
first
time
or
how
to
filter
the
news
that
you
you
receive
in
facebook
or
or
fake
news,
especially
here
in
the
philippines.
A
Okay,
okay,
then,
is
there
any
other
question
in
the
room
or
remotely
any
comment.
A
Would
say
that
I
was
impressed
by
by
how
you
managed
to
to
combine
technology
to
serve
the
schools.
It's
amazing
and
I'm
looking
forward
to
any
any
data
about
experiences,
because
I
think
it's
going
to
be
very
useful
in
in
in
many
other
locations
so
and
a
great
and
a
great
solution
in
the
context
of
kaya.
Keep
on
doing
this,
because
it's
really
amazing.
A
Okay,
so
then
thank
you
so
much
and
then
we
we
can
move
to
the
next
presentation,
which
is
n50,
which
is
the
nucleation
pilot
at
lombok,
zambia,
by.
G
Hi
leandro,
if
you
could
authorize
my
ability
to
screen
share,
I
will
go
ahead
and
yes.
G
I've
started
it
at
mind.
I
hope
it's
visible
to
everyone.
G
Great
perfect,
so
let
me
hand
over
to
kevin
who
will
get
us
started
and
I'll
come
in
on
the
tech
side
of
stuff.
J
Excellent,
thank
you
rajiv
and
thank
you
all
for
having
us,
I'm
kevin
schwartz
of
geeks
without
frontiers,
and
I
helped
lead
the
n50
project
and,
as
mentioned
I'm
here
with
rajiv
from
piconets
we'd
like
to
share
with
you
both
the
n50
project
and
the
learnings
from
a
specific
project
in
zambia.
J
So
it's
important
to
know
about
infinity
project
in
order
to
understand
the
work
that
we're
going
to
talk
about
in
zambia.
N50
project
is
a
consortium
of
more
than
80
organizations,
they're
commercial,
ngo,
academic
and
more.
This
group
includes
really
large
international
companies
such
as
intel,
dell
and
phillips.
J
We
believe
in
a
few
things:
half
the
world's
population
is
not
currently
using
the
internet
and
that
access
is
only
part
of
the
problem.
It
could
be
that
it's
relatively
expensive
it
could
be
poor
internet
quality,
it
could
be
a
language
barrier,
it
could
be
a
lack
of
digital
literacy
or
it
could
be
a
lack
of
relevant
applications.
We
actually
think
that
last
one
is
one
of
the
most
important
ones
that
we
try
to
focus
on
so
in
the
next
slide.
J
We
sort
of
spell
out
a
little
bit
of
our
our
values
and
our
mission
in
this
beginning
with
communities
with
the
source
of
values
and
are
included
from
the
outset,
and
while
many
organizations
are
motivated
by
goals
to
help
marginalized
communities,
no
one
organization
can
tackle
the
challenge
alone.
Even.
E
J
Of
these
giant
organizations
that
I
mentioned
earlier
have
all
said,
we're
better
together
and-
and
we
believe
that
if
we
can
demonstrate
novel
replica
solutions
using
a
technology
that's
available
today
at
the
edge
and
that
these
include
services
that
support
the
adoption
of
broadband,
we
can
create
recipes
that
other
communities
can
readily
utilize.
We're
not
going
to
be
able
to
solve
the
challenge
alone
of
3.9
billion
people
not
currently
using
the
internet.
J
But
if
we
can
create
these
models
that
the
communities
can
select
and
replicate
with
willing
partners,
then
we
can
get
there
together
registered
on
our
next
slide.
You
can
see
that
this
is
the
process
that
we
we
undertake
careful
curation
of
projects
that
are
focused
on
a
sustainable
outcome,
blueprints
for
communities
and
then
matching
partners
with
specific
capabilities
to
the
community's
needs.
J
Overall,
we
always
invite
everyone
to
to
join
in
50,
it's
an
open
collaboration
without
fees
or
dues,
or
things
like
that.
It's
just
simply
a
coalition
of
the
willing
dedicated
to
this
work,
and
we
we
may.
D
J
80
partners,
but
maybe
six
work
on
one
project
and
seven
on
another
and
two
on
another.
It
just
depends
on
on
what
the
community
challenges
that
we're
trying
to
solve
on
the
next
slide.
We
can
show
you
a
list
right
now
as
of
at
least
yesterday,
a
list
of
our
partners
that
we
have
in
our
in
our
consortium.
This
list
is
growing
at
a
rate
of
about
two
or
three
per
week,
as
as
we
are
engaging
with
partners
to
to
join.
J
So
we
have
many
projects
that
are
underway
are
emerging
around
the
globe.
Our
highest
profile
projects
right
now
include
support
for
ukrainian
refugees
and
displaced
persons,
and
also
our
pilot
project
in
luembo
zambia,
and
that's
the
focus
of
our
presentation
today,
where
rajiv
will
take
us
shortly
to
to
talk
about
how
we
work
to
solve
the
challenge
in
that
community.
J
This
is
lombo
is
a
perfect
example
of
what
we
call
the
edge.
The
location
was
selected
as
a
way
to
prove
out
multiple
concepts,
knowing
that,
if
we
were
successful
in
lumbo,
the
likelihood
of
success
in
other
communities
was
actually
very
high.
Rajiv
and
pico
nets
were
heavily
involved
in
this
project
from
the
outset.
Rajiv.
Can
you
share
with
us
what
you
found
in
the
womba
when
you
arrived,
and
how
did
the
project
proceed.
G
Yes,
so
one
of
the
biggest
challenges
that
you
know
kevin
already
mentioned
earlier
is
that
there
are
a
number
of
factors
which
may
be
having
an
involvement
in
saying
that
there's
a
community
that
isn't
participating
in
the
internet,
it
was,
we
talked
about
cost.
We
talked
about
access
to
devices,
we
talked
about
digital
literacy
and
all
of
these
factors,
you
know,
have
some
part
to
play
in
the
challenge
being
solved.
G
So
one
of
the
things
that
we
really
wanted
to
do
is
pick
a
community
where
it's
reasonably
small,
reasonably
tight-knit,
which
means
we
can
very
effectively
measure
and
establish
a
baseline
so
that
when
we
start
doing
different
things,
different
interventions,
we
can
see
what
kind
of
impact
they're
having
so
the
first
stage
was
obviously
working
with
a
telco
who
is
covering
that
area
up
until
just
january
of
this
year,
all
these
people
had
was
2g
and
very
sporty
3g
connectivity,
okay,
nothing
beyond
that.
G
So
the
first
intervention
was
actually
looking
at
how
the
community
utilization
of
internet
and
services
transitions
as
4g
started
moving
into
the
community.
Then
you
know
we
collected
some
of
that
data.
You
know
put
that
together
and
then
we
started
taking
the
next
step
where
we
started
seeding
the
community
with
more
devices,
especially
4g
capable
devices
both
in
terms
of
you
know,
bringing
in
devices
for
targeted
communities
like
the
school
teachers,
okay
or
the
healthcare
workers,
and
also
to
bring
devices
into
the
general
community.
G
You
know
bring
in
specialized
tablets
and
computers
into
the
schools.
You
know
both
the
primary,
as
well
as
the
secondary
schools
in
the
community,
and
all
of
these
are
things
that
we
are
looking
at
with
every
intervention.
We
are
collecting
a
lot
of
data,
we're
collecting
usage
trends,
because
all
of
this
is
eventually
going
to
go
into
our
report
that
will
help
like
kevin
said,
build
a
template
that
can
be
reused
by
other
communities
as
they
look
to
improve
their
own
connectivity
and
digital
literacy.
G
The
next
step
for
us
is
to
actually
go
and
address
the
content
side
of
the
equation.
Okay,
which
is
hey.
You
now
have
access.
You
now
have
devices,
but
what
are
you
going
to
consume
with
that
access
and
those
devices
that
you
have
right?
G
So
that
is
where
we
really
wanted
to
drive
specific
and
very
relevant
content
and
allow
the
community
to
start
consuming
that
and
also
specifically
putting
it
at
a
point
where
it
comes
in
at
a
reasonable
enough
cost
so
that
the
community
can
really
you
know,
consume
without
having
to
literally
break
the
bank
like
they
used
to
have
earlier
so
luambo
actually,
like
I
said
already
now,
has
a
4g
tower
run
by
amn.
It's
africa,
mobile
network,
they're,
they're,
a
specialist
tower
company
that
does
a
lot
of
rural.
G
You
know
tower
sites
specifically
tied
up
with
larger
telcos,
so
that
locations
that
the
telcos
themselves
don't
necessarily
want
to
go
and
put
in
their
own
infrastructure.
Amn.
Does
that
and
you
know
they
work
with
the
telcos
luambo
itself
does
not
have
a
solid
terrestrial
bandwidth
link,
so
the
remote
site
over
there
is
working
off
a
satellite
backhoe
which
is,
by
its
very
nature,
a
constrained
network.
G
Like
this,
starting
all
the
way
from
the
node
b,
the
epc,
the
radios,
then
we
also
bring
in
the
ability
to
have
a
cdn
and
caching
component
in
that
infrastructure,
and
in
all
of
this,
we
then
enable
various
content
partners
to
come
in,
like
we
have
someone
like
babu,
who
is
education,
content
provider,
you
know
who
builds
content
for
the
zambian
curriculum.
G
We
also
don't
want
to
only
keep
this
as
a
very
education
focused
initiative,
though
education
is
a
very
large
part
of
it.
We
also
wanted
to
be
able
to
touch
other
parts
and
other
members
of
the
community,
so
we
have
a
commercial
fm
station
coming
in
as
one
of
our
content
partners
and
we
are
enabling
them
so
that
money
fm,
which
also
carries
a
lot
of
financial
education
and
financial
empowerment
content,
agricultural
content.
G
We've
also
gone
down
the
road
of
some
religious
content,
because
you
know
faith
life
is
one
of
the
partners
they're
there
they're,
basically
providing
us
access
to
a
tonga
version
of
the
bible.
Okay,
which
is
something
which
is
again
not
very
easy
to
access
in
that
community,
we're
also
working
with
virtual
doctors.
G
So
when
you
can
keep
those
costs
low,
keep
the
technology,
you
know
simple
enough,
so
that
telco
does
not
have
to
worry
too
much
about
saying:
hey.
Am
I
biting
off
more
than
I
can
chew
by
enabling
such
small
remote
sites
that
I,
as
a
telco,
I'm
not
normally
geared
up
to
be
able
to
support
and
manage,
which
is
why
we
have
not
gone
into
that
before.
By
putting
this
in
front
of
them.
We
answer
that
question
and
say:
hey
here's
a
tried
and
proven
stack.
G
That's
completely
open,
that's
available
to
you
that
allows
you
to
continue
to
operate
and
serve
these
communities
at
a
much
higher
level
without
necessarily
having
to
do
a
lot
of
changes
in
your
network
architecture.
And
all
of
that
so,
like
I
said,
luambo
is
pretty
small
less
than
4000
residents
in
all,
so
we
have
been
very
selective
in
terms
of
selecting
our
first
set
of
partners,
because
we
want
this
to
be
our
template
and
a
big
deliverable
of
this
pilot
project.
G
One
obviously
is
the
report
that
shows
how
digital
utilization
of
resources
grows
and
how
much
of
an
impact
each
of
these
various
interventions
that
we
have
done
in
that
community
results
in
a
bump
in
the
usage,
and
this
is
something
that
we
intend
to
run
over
a
reasonably
long
period
of
time.
We
have
like
almost
a
two
year,
two
plus
year
project
verizon
for
collecting
data,
and
you
know
making
sure
that
it's
not
just
a
short-term
bump
that
we
see
because
of
it's
just
something,
novel
and
new
that
the
community
sees
we
want.
G
So
once
we
have
this
report-
and
we
have
this
example-
tech
stack
ready.
We
can
then
literally
go
anywhere
in
the
world
any
telco,
okay
and
say:
hey
guys.
Let's
start
using
this
template
to
start
going
into
communities
that
you
have
been
hesitant
to
start
serving
up
until
now,
so
back
to
kevin.
I
think
you
can
take
us
through
some
more
of
the
fine-grained
details
of
exactly
what
we
are
doing
in
you
know.
The
schools
in
luambo.
J
Sure
and
I'd
just
like
to
to
add
some
information
that
that
wasn't
available
at
the
time
that
we
submitted
our
presentation,
we're
actually
starting
to
see
some
analytics
come
in,
even
though
this
is
early
in
implementation,
it's
not
even
fully
implemented
yet
there's.
J
And
that's,
you
know
made
made
it
much
easier
and
much
more
timely
for
them
to
get
services.
This
is
something
we
expect
to
see
increasing,
as
well
as
as
the
adoption
proceeds.
J
And
then
on
the
next
slide
rajeev,
I
want
to
talk
a
moment
about
how
important
it
is
to,
from
the
start,
have
have
sustainability
plans
in
place.
It
doesn't
work
if
we
just
simply
through
philanthropy
or
even
through
a
good
model
drop
in
equipment
if
it
isn't
something
that
can
be
sustained
by
the
community.
We
believe
fully
that
that,
when
it's
relevant
and
adoption
measures
are
in
place
that
that
itself
helps
to
drive
sustainability,
but
the
business
models
have
to
be
there.
J
It
has
to
be
worthwhile
for
businesses
to
continue
to
invest
in
communities
so
that
the
market
opens
up
and
that
healthy
market
is
a
great
sign
of
sustainability.
So
we
we
set
out
specific
measurement
indicators
to
let
us
know
how
we're
doing
in
our
work
and
how
we're
doing
in
in
sustainability.
Like
I
said,
these
early
analytics
coming
in
from
lumbo
are
very
encouraging,
but
it's
not
the
goal
right.
The
goal
is
is
much
higher
than
just
these
initial.
J
These
initial
marks,
so
another
hallmark
of
the
m50
project,
is
while
we're
committed
to
communities
we're
also
committed
to
exit
strategies
right.
We
don't.
We
don't
have
an
interest
in
50
in
being
the
provider
for
a
long
term.
We
want
to
turn
this
over
to
the
market
and
so
we're
looking
for
our
way
out
before
we
ever
get
in,
so
that
this
is
not
a
dependency
situation
at
all.
Truly
the
market
develops
and
sustainability
persists
and
and
the
persistence
is
towards
the
community
defined
goals.
What
they've
said
is
important
to
them.
J
J
We
find
this
with
tribal
nations,
their
sovereignty,
their
government
services
are
hugely
important,
so
common
themes
but
unique
to
each
community
and
then
next
slide.
So
we
have
released
a
white
paper
on
this
and
I'll
I'll.
I
know
that
this
presentation
is
not
something
you
can
click
on
so
I'll
pop
it
in
the
chat
where
you
can
see
this
white
paper
we're
already
seeing
the
the
learning
from
this
spread
to
other
projects.
D
J
Africa
and
other
places
around
the
world,
where
other
organizations
are
saying
hey
what
you
did
there
will
work
here.
Let's
try
it
in
a
context
of
agriculture.
Let's
try
it
in
a
context
in
ghana
or
let's
look
at
what's
happening
in
zimbabwe
and
and
see
how
this
might
might
extend.
So
we
encourage
you
to
take
a
look
at
this
and
get
more
details
than
what
we
had
just
the
time
to
to
cover
today
and
next
slide
regime.
J
I'll,
give
you
just
a
quick
glimpse
of
where
the
infra
infinity
project
is
going.
These
are
these:
are
some
dots
of
active
and
emerging
projects
we're
beginning
to
have
presence
all
around
the
globe?
Infinity
project
is
relatively
new,
formally
launched
in
february,
so
this
is
a
six
month
old
organization,
even
though
some
of
this
pilot
work
we're
talking
about
in
in
lumbo,
started
almost
a
year
before
that
the
ecosystem
of
partners
is
is
still
kind
of
in
full
launch.
J
Next
slide
review
if
you'd
like
to
learn
more,
this
is
how
infinityproject.org
is
our
website.
M50Project.Org
join
is
how
you
sign
up,
and
I
get
I
mentioned-
there's
no
there's
no
membership
fees
or
annual
dues
and
and
that's
not
necessarily
a
sales
pitch
because
there's
nothing
to
sell,
but
it
is
an
indication
of
how
we
work.
It's
a
it's
a
coalition
of
the
willing
and
we
ask
partners
to
bring
a
project
or
support
a
project
that
works
in
the
ways
that
we've
said
are
important
to
communities.
B
A
Hi,
I'm
I'm
impressed
by
by
the
how
much
you
achieved
in
in
so
short
time
in
the
n50
project
and
yeah.
You
already
mentioned
some
some
benefits
some
impact,
but
given
that
you
are
intending
to
to
replicate
the
model,
you
know,
I
see
technologies
bring
a
lot
of
benefits,
obviously,
but
there
are
also
some
risks
and
some
imbalances
in
the
communities.
A
A
It
affects,
for
instance,
the
structure
of
power,
the
it
it
somehow
helps
to
create
new
jobs,
maybe
in
in
in
creating
local
content
or
in
in
repairing
maintaining
the
infrastructure
in
in
bringing
some
new
opportunities
like,
for
instance,
electricity
brings
light,
and
then
there
are
some
side
effects,
as
you
mentioned
also
in
health,
and
everything
have
you
thought
about
doing
some
kind
of
formal,
let's
say
independent
analysis
of
the
impact
to
make
sure
that
the
model
is
it's.
A
It's
it's
it's
as
positive
as
possible,
or
and
as
polished
as
possible.
While
you
replicate
the
model.
J
That
is
such
an
insightful
question.
Thank
you
for
that.
I
I
come
to
this
work
lando
from
25
years,
working
in
k-12
education
in
the
u.s
so
from
before
the
internet.
To
to
times
when
now
every
student
has
access
to
a
device
said
the
computer
and
we've
seen
the
good,
the
bad,
the
better,
the
ugly
all
of
it
it
sort
of
begins
with
an
understanding,
though,
that
that
by
not
having
access
while
the
world
continues
a
pace
with
access.
J
These
communities
continue
to
be
marginalized,
even
more
so
so.
The
reality
is,
the
technology
is
already
impacting
them
in
a
negative
way,
and
the
only
thing
that
can
help
to
to
improve
that
is
the
technology
so
applied
in
the
correct
way.
So
that's
why
we
start
with
the
community's
goals
and
aspirations
first,
so
that
that's
that
ends
up
being
the
focus
of
the
outcomes
for
the
communities.
J
But
yes,
there
are
things
to
mitigate
things,
to
understand
from
the
start
to
to
make
it
the
best
of
what
it
can
be
and
the
least
of
the
bad
that
it
can
be
because
technology
in
general
will
accelerate
what
you're
already
doing
unless
you
purposefully
make
a
shift
in
how
it's
applied.
This
is
something
we've
learned
over
and
over
so
where
some
projects
in
the
past
may
have
have
stopped
at
the
delivery
of
the
service
or
the
delivery
of
the
device
per
se,
without
follow-on
for
digital
literacy,
which
includes
digital
citizenship.
J
It
almost
always
ends
poorly
and
and
and
worse
for
the
community
than
if
nothing
were
done
at
all.
So
that's
why
the
heavy
focus
for
our
side
on
the
adoption
side
of
this
on
applications
that
are
relevant
to
the
community,
so
that
that
it
begins
with
the
good
for
them.
I
don't.
J
Like
the
question,
I'm
not
trying
to
dodge
the
question
about
the
analysis,
I'm
not
sure
how
actually
to
to
approach
that
analysis,
except
by
looking
at
everything
that
we're
doing
and
and
publishing
all
the
results
that
we
find
and
and
sometimes
we
have
to
learn
as
we're
going.
What
is
and
isn't
working
there.
But
I
think
I
think
the
best
we
can
do
at
the
moment
is
focusing
on
the
positive
outcomes
that
we
can
get
and
knowing
that
that
unmitigated
it
goes
poorly.
G
And
leandro,
if
I'd
like
to
kind
of
chip
in
one
of
the
very
important
decisions
that
we
made,
you
know,
like
I
said
very
early
on
in
the
project,
was
to
get
our
community
liaison
our
community
manager
in
place
and
talking
to
the
community
long
before
we
had
even
started
any
of
the
technical
work
or
the
measurement
work,
because
we
know
that
unless
the
community
feels
involved
and
a
part
of
the
process
and
not
just
the
part
of
the
execution
but
a
part
of
the
planning
end
of
the
process,
there's
never
really
going
to
be
as
much
of
a
buy-in
into
the
potential
of
what
the
project
can
deliver.
G
You
know,
then,
if
someone
literally
kind
of
helicopters
in
drops
a
bunch
of
devices
and
some
tech
in
there
and
then
just
expects
the
community
to
figure
stuff
out
on
their
own
right,
so
it
was.
It
was
very
important
for
us,
which
is
why,
long
before
we
got
the
first
device
or
the
first
piece
of
tech.
In
there
we
had
a
community
manager.
G
We
had
multiple
meetings
with
the
community
understanding
what
they
wanted,
understanding
how
to
do
something
safely,
because
it
it
may
be
as
simple
as
deciding
okay,
you're
you're
not
going
to
carpet
bomb
the
entire
community
with
4
000
devices.
We
don't
have
the
resources
to
do
that,
you're,
going
to
send
a
few
hundred
devices
into
this
into
that
community.
How
do
you
send
them
in
safely
so
that
you
don't
have
to
worry
about
negative
effects
in
that
community?
It
may
be
something
as
simple
as
saying:
hey.
G
My
neighbor
received
a
phone
for
free
and
I
didn't
I'm
jealous,
and
you
know
that
leads
to
a
social.
You
know
angle
of
all
of
this,
so
you
know
we
had
to
do
a
lot
of
this
planning
and
you
know
like,
for
example,
one
of
the
interesting
things
that
we
are
doing
in
this
community
is
when
we're
sending
devices
out
into
the
community.
They
go
with
a
agreement
that
someone
who's
receiving.
The
device
agrees
to
do
certain
things
to
start
learning
certain
skills,
okay,
using
those
devices
as
an
enabler.
A
Yes,
thank
you.
Man
very
good
answer
I
mean
in
in
the
research
community.
There
is
the
there
is
a
there
are
conferences
and
and
groups
that
work
on
ict
for
development.
They
have
experience
in
evaluating
projects
and
and
what
you
mentioned
is
it's
really
important.
I
feel
like
me,
and
I
can
see
one
one
comment
from
alien
father
that
in
the
chat,
maybe
you
can
read
it
and
I.
J
J
Look
at
that,
while,
while
you
were
responding
rajiv,
let's,
let's
tag
team
this
a
little
bit,
I
would
start
with
the
point
that's
made
in
it
that
we,
we
may
have
come
across
as
providing
this
only
to
leaders,
technical
teachers
and
clinicians
and
so
forth,
and
I
would
just
say
the
opposite
is
true
adrian.
A
Yeah,
I
agree
with
you
I've
seen
in
in
previous,
like
projects
or
research
publications
that
they
talk
about
the
sense
of
ownership
or
the
appropriation
that
and
the
difficulty
to
talk
to
everyone
in
in
the
community
without
amplifying
the
unbalances
the
imbalances
that
are
already
there
like,
for
instance,
talking
to
the
leaders,
means
talking
to
people
to
to
men,
not
to
women
or
talking
to
someone
you
are
bring,
giving
them
some
power
and
and
sharing
this
power
between
you
and
the
community
is
tricky,
especially
because
you
might
be
there
for
for
very
long
time,
but
they
are
going
to
be
there
forever
and
then,
as
long
as
they
see
that
as
a
critical
resource
that
they
manage
and
they
decide
or
co-decide.
A
Then
this
is
going
to
last
more
or
less
or
help
the
community
everyone
in
the
community
or
not
not
some
of
them.
But
yeah.
I
mean
this
is
intrinsically
difficult
challenge
and-
and
I
was
really
happy
to
hear
your
approach-
I
don't
know
if
there
are
other
comments
in
the
in
the
room.
B
Sorry,
it
takes
a
bit
of
time
with
the
audio.
Thank
you
for
the
presentation
and
I
would
just
like
to
add
a
at
a
voice
to
your
and
support
to
the
community-based
approach.
Those
that
know
me
know
that.
That's
something
I
believe
in
very
strongly.
B
I've
been
doing
some
work,
not
internationally,
which
was
something
I've
been
doing
for
25
years,
but
doing
some
more
domestic
work
in
the
united
states
recently
and
I'm
when
I
think
you
go
into
a
community
people,
often,
as
you
say,
can
parachute
in
right
and
I've
seen
that
when
I
worked
in
in
other
communities
overseas
and
the
parachute
in
approach
just
doesn't
work,
it
doesn't
bring
that
sustainability
around.
I
really
liked
your
point
about
working
with
the
community
across
the
community.
B
We've
been,
I
work
for
a
different
organization
now,
but
we're
finding
that
when
you
I
used
to
work
at
the
internet
society,
but
we're
finding
that,
when
you're
looking
at
doing
planning
grants
for
getting
money
to
do
build
out
for
community
networks
for
small
networks
that
bringing
in
a
variety
of
different
actors
across
that
community
is
critical
from
the
very
beginning.
B
You
don't
want
a
single
point
of
failure
in
your
network.
You
don't
want
single
points
of
failure
in
your
community
approach
either,
and
so
I
I
just
wanted
to
thank
you
for
the
presentation
and
very
interesting
and,
as
adrien
said
I'll,
I
too
I'm
going
to
take
a
stronger
look
at
what
you've
been
doing,
because
I
think
there's
a
there's,
a
great
approach
here
that
can
be
integrated.
B
We're
looking
at
doing
some
community
readiness
approaches,
and
I
just
wondered:
have
you
found
a
good
way
to
do
a
quick
assessment
of
where
communities
might
be
with
respect
to
the
different
learning
tracks
that
you
want
to
bring
in
because
we're
finding
that
we
need
to
come
in
at
a
parallel
approach,
now
versus
just
a
single
tract
approach,
with
sort
of
a
linear
value
chain
of
effort?
We're
thinking
that
we
need
to
come
in
with
various
different
tracks
of
learning
almost
simultaneously.
J
Gina,
thank
you
for
your
your
comments
and
your
questions
for
multiple
reasons.
So
thinking
about
you
know
how
some
organizations,
intentionally
or
unintentionally,
parachute
in
and
parachute
out
of
communities
and
how
that
doesn't
work.
We've
specifically
taken
the
opposite
approach,
as
I
think
you've
noticed.
J
I
think
this
is
most
apparent
when
we
were
working
with
tribal
communities
in
the
united
states
where
simply
gaining
access
to
the
to
the
communities
challenge
right,
it's
very
it's
very
insular
and
and
proudly
sovereign,
and
one
of
the
first
looks
you
get
is:
who
are
you
and
how
long
will
you
be
here
and
and
very
little
happens
until
you
prove
that
you
will?
J
You
will
stay
and
be
committed
so
having
been
now
involved
over
over
years
with
the
same
communities,
helping
them
to
identify
grant
opportunities,
build
business
strategies,
do
implementation,
do
adoption,
do
sustainability
has
has
been,
has
been
a
trust
building.
You
know
operation
that
that
allows
us
to
then
bring
like-minded
organizations
to
them
to
help
further
and
then
in
terms
of
project
curation.
J
I
think
I
would
love
to
come
back
and
do
a
whole
other
session
on
project
curation,
because
we
have
some
wonderful
materials.
We've
developed
in
partnership
with
with
our
our
team
to
to
do
that.
Curation
of
community
readiness,
partner
readiness
impact
measurement
and
so
forth.
There's
actually
a
starter
kit
on
our
website.
That's
available
to
anybody.
B
Thank
you.
That
would
be
very.
We
could
definitely
consider
that.
I
should
stop
talking
and
see
if
there's
anyone
else
that
has
a
question
or
an
observation.
I
think
you
just
want
to
validate
leandro
and
courtesy.
Don't
think
we
have
the
other
presentations
from
the
prospective
folks
that
we're
gonna
also
speak,
so
we
may
have
more
time
to
just
have
a
q,
a
with
all
of
the
participants
who
are
here.
A
Yes,
we
haven't
got
slides
or
the
login,
so
so
we
don't.
We
cannot
expect
more
presentations
today.
But
yes,
as
you
said,
I
think,
there's
a
nice
opportunity
to
to
to
talk
about
how
the
the
the
three
presentations
we
had
how
they
could
combine
with
each
other.
A
Maybe
we
can
ask
the
other
presenters
to
reflect
on
what
they
what
they
saw
here
today
and
then
how
their
approach
could
combine
or
is
different
similar
from
the
others
and
and
start
discussion
about
about
the
whole
the
whole
the
three
ways
of
of
of
addressing
a
common
problem.
G
Yandere
I'd
like
to
also
bring
up
one
point:
you
know
that
I
thought
would
be
interesting
for
us
to
also
explore
that
is
the
possibility
of
you
know
identifying
now
entirely
aside
from
the
project,
and
you
know
the
community
and
everything
are
purely
on
the
technical
side.
Okay,
some
of
the
challenges
that
you're
overcoming
in
these
environments.
You
know
at
a
technical
level,
both
in
terms
of
integration
with
delco
networks
as
well.
G
As
you
know,
you
know
deep
education
for
content
to
make
it
more
readily
available
to
communities
in
such
challenging
environments.
G
Some
of
those
technical
solutions
that
come
out
of
our
project
and
all
of
the
other
projects
that
you
know
we've
been
looking
at
during
this
meeting-
might
also
be
a
good
foundation
to
you
know,
think
of
in
terms
of
some
technical
standards
or
at
least
technical
best
practices,
guidelines,
work
that
can
eventually
turn
into
an
rfc
at
the
ietf.
A
Good
point
so,
let's,
let's
see
I
mean
what
the
others
say
about
these
two
ideas
and
and
how
we
can
elaborate
on
the
on
the
collective
effort
on
our
collective
set
of
presentations
today,.
A
For
instance,
you
mentioned
in
the
first
presentation
there
was
mention
of
satellite
based
community
networks.
I
don't
know,
for
instance,
your
or
your
own
experience
about
that
or
or
the
case
of
of
philippines.
Also
there
was
some
part
in
satellite
as,
as
you
said,
rajiv
there
are
many
technical
solutions
out
there
and
well.
I
have
to
say
that
rfcs
are
not
the
best
marketing
tool,
but
but
yeah.
G
So
so
I
I'm
basically
thinking
of
them
beyond
a
marketing
tool,
but
like,
like
we
said
at
the
n50,
we
were
very
you
know
focused
on
building
recipes
that
are
reusable.
G
We
want
to
build
solutions
both
in
terms
of
process,
as
well
as
in
terms
of
technology
that
basically
make
projects
like
this
a
much
lower
risk
and
much
faster
implementation
to
the
community
over
time.
Because
that's,
I
believe,
the
only
way
we'll
make
a
dent
on
the
problem.
The
scale
of
the
problem,
as
we
see
it,.
A
Yeah,
I
mentioned
the
term
marketing
that
not
in
terms
of
selling
products
but
about
selling
ideas
is
that
usually
rfcs
work
across
the
technical
community,
but
they
are
not
really
designed
to
be,
let's
say,
a
great
or
understood
by
people
outside
our
technical
community
but
yeah.
It's
an
instrument.
A
Several
years
ago
in
gaia,
we
developed
one
rfc
reporting
about
the
technological
options
at
that
time
and
discussing
about
it,
and
I
think
it
was
helpful
to
realize
what
the
differences
and
the
commonalities,
but
at
the
same
time,
when
you
think
about
community
networks,
it's
difficult
to
come
up
with
a
specific,
challenging
problems
that
the
technical
community
can
solve
globally.
But
there
are
solutions
and
the
solutions
are
more
or
less
adapted
to
to
to
community
networking
environments.
A
You
can
see
in
the
idf
some
work
about
like
low
rate
connections
or
routing
or
or
energy
related,
so
so
yeah
I
mean
collecting
this
information,
as
you
said,
would
reduce
the
the
risk
in
and
and
put
facilitate
new
initiatives
to
at
least
be
aware
of
the
experiences
and
learn
from
the
mistakes
learn
from
the
successes
and
I
yeah
it
would
be
nice
to
somehow
be
able
to
summarize
the
technical
lessons,
but
also
the
other
lessons
and
governance,
lessons
and
and
economic
lessons
from
other
initiatives
in
a
compact
manner.
J
My
only
comment
leandro
would
be
to
reinforce
the
collaborative
nature
of
the
m50
project.
We
believe
better
together
and
we
don't
see
anything
but
compatibility
with
everything
else
we
saw
today.
Different
communities
need
different
technical
solutions,
they
need
different
adoption
solutions
and
then
the
more
we
have
at
the
ready,
the
better
we
can
serve
our
communities.
A
Yeah
and
by
the
way
I
just
taken
a
couple
of
minutes
for
you
to
know,
the
itf
has
too
many
parallel
meetings
and
and
working
meetings
just
from
my
agenda
tomorrow.
At
the
same
time
as
today,
there
is
one
another
research
group.
It's
called
icn
inc
information,
centric
networking.
A
There
is
a
technical
group
that
focuses
on
on
on
on
information-centric
networks
that
was
oriented
to
content,
also
at
the
seventh
well
in
my
7
30,
so
in
in
two
hours
from
now
tomorrow,
or
one
and
a
half
hours
from
now
is
the
hrpc.
The
human
rights
in
protocols
working
group
and
also
later
on
is
the
decentralized
internet
research
group
that
also
touches
topics
which
are
connected
to
this.
G
Kevin,
it
might
make
sense
if
you
want
to
talk
a
little
bit
about
some
of
what
the
n50
is
doing
in
ukraine
right
now,
because
that
is
of
probably
also
tying
in
to
some
of
these.
You
know,
topics
that
leandro
just
talked
about.
J
I'm
sure
I'd
be
happy
to
and
and
the
work
we're
doing
in
and
around
ukraine
is
sort
of
the
other
end
of
the
spectrum.
If
you
will
to
to
have
a
pun
on
that,
where
it's
a
completely
different
solution
that
we're
working
on
there
so
folks
who
are
displaced
or
leaving
ukraine
are
in
the
millions
and
they're
highly
mobile,
but
they
they
are
also
edge
and
marginalized
people.
J
So
we
set
out
at
the
at
the
at
the
start
of
the
conflict,
to
deploy
what
we
call
pccs,
which
which
is
portable
connectivity
centers,
and
these
are
shipping
containers
that
are
purpose-built
to
have
network
gear
included
them.
You
can
put
them
anywhere.
They
have
solar
panels
and
diesel
generators.
You
can
connect.
J
Satellite
to
to
a
local
m
o
to
ethernet
to
fiber,
and
then
they
can
be
moved
and
reconnected
as
the
situation
changes
on
the
ground.
So
knowing
that
these
were
coming
into
that
type
of
context,
knowing
that
we
were
still
in
a
pandemic,
these
are
essentially
not
internal
shelters,
they're
external
radiation
areas
where,
where
the
the
service
is
provided
around
the
containers
and
the
equipment
is
kept
inside,
we
have
multiple
partners
participating
in
this.
Almost
none
of
them
put
their
logos
on
it.
It's
strictly
a
a
a
a
philanthropic
effort.
J
Now
what
we're
finding
is
that
the
the
demand
is
increasing
for
these.
These
containers
pretty
substantially
where
we
can
provide
government
services
where
we
can
provide
health
care
where
continuing
education
can
occur
where
way
finding
services
can
occur.
Just
where
am
I,
and
how
do
I
get
to
get
to
the
next
place
on
my
journey
and
so
we're
working
with
various
ministries
in
ukraine
and
around
ukraine
to
to
make
these
a
semi-sustainable
solution
until
more
permanent
resolution
occurs
to
the
to
the
conflict
there?
So
that's,
that's!
J
That's
the
other
type
of
thing
that
we
do.
I
could
go
through
ten
other
type
of
projects
and
tell
you
how
they're
all
different,
but
you
start
to
see
how
how
the
weight
of
these
different
organizations
can
be
brought
to
bear
on
almost
any
challenge
and
and
rather
quickly,
when
they
work
together.
C
A
Well,
what
you
mentioned
for
us
is
connected
to
the
this
computer
aid
project
on
solar
learning
labs
and
that
that
we
are
in
touch
since
seven
years
ago.
We
we
are
actually
we
have
some
students
now
in
in
south
africa,
these
days
preparing
for
for
this
one,
solar
learning
lab
in
in
a
place
in
the
community
there,
and
I
also
shared
a
link
of
this
community
network
exchange
that
is
happening
these
days
in
india
as
well.
So
it's
really
comforting
to
see
so
many
so
many
activities
around.
A
So
I
think
we
are
getting
close
to
the
end
of
the
session.
I
wonder
if,
if
cortes
or
jane
want
to
comment
anything
else
and
close
closed
session.
E
Sure,
first
thanking
all
the
presenters.
These
were
fantastic
good
discussions
and
so
much
synergy
between
them.
Hopefully
you
all
can
chat
with
each
other
and
I'll
be
sending
some
reach
out
emails
for
our
own
work,
which
I
think
similarly
dovetails
well.
I
want
to
also
call
out
the
note
takers
I
think
of
particular
value
was
was
nick,
who
seems
to
have
done
a
bunch
of
writing.
So
thank
you
so
much
for
that.
E
But,
of
course,
there
are
other
folks
as
well,
so
anyone
who
jumped
in
and
provided
a
little
bit
more
context
for
the
folks
who
aren't
going
to
be
or
who
couldn't
be
here,
live
in
this
hybrid
world.
We
live
in
great
thanks
for
that
and,
lastly,
is
probably
just
to
call
it
for
any
other
talks.
People
want
to
give.
I
think
this
is
a
great
venue
for
people
to
share
their
work
and
to
get
more
feedback
from
outside
of
whatever
bubble
we
all
individually
live
in.
E
E
B
Okay,
now
it's
coming
through
it's
funny.
It
took
a
good
30
seconds,
but
no
just
to
thank
everybody
to
echo
what
curtis
and
leandro
have
both
said
and
to
thank
everyone
for
their
presentations
and
to
just
echo
curtis's
invitation
for
more
data
presentations,
collaboration
and
we'll
be
back
at
you
on
the
guile
list
to
join
the
guy
list.
B
If
you
haven't,
and
we
welcome
lots
of
dialogue
on
that
list,
it's
been
a
little
quiet
over
the
last
couple
months,
but
we'll
reinvigorate
that
and
just
to
sort
of
put
something
on
the
clipboard
that
came
up
during
the
conversation
is
this
discussion
about
what
community
networks
are,
and
I
think
peng
had
a
good
point
about
satellite-related
integration
of
networks
with
you
know
based
other,
and
I
think
it
would
be
great
for
us
to
explore
what
the
rfc
that
we've
already
got
in
place,
but
to
maybe
elaborate
on
that
or
hack
a
new
one
together.
B
So
otherwise
thanks
everybody
for
your
time
and
for
hanging
in
there
with
us
throughout
the
almost
two
hours
and
the
it
was
a
great.
It
was
a
great
opportunity
to
hear
more
from
others
around
the
planet.