►
From YouTube: IETF110 Quantum Internet Research Group
Description
The Quantum Internet Research Group (QIRG) addresses the question of how to design and build quantum networks, including problems around routing, resources allocation, connection establishment, interoperability, security, and API design.
B
A
A
I
know
there
was
some
fussing
last
time
or
time
before
about
need
echo,
but
I'll
tell
you
what,
when
meat
echo
works,
I
really
think
it's
a
wonderful
tool
and
I
think
it's
great
people
did.
B
Yeah
thanks
robin
for
volunteering
to
be
jabber
scribe.
Yes,
we're
still
looking
for
a
minutes
taker
though
today's
meeting
is
shorter
than
usual,
so
it
should
be
an
easier
job
than.
B
B
Rules
that
everything
and
these
meetings
can
be
made
public
and
that
will
all
be
respectful
and
another
key
point
is
the
irtf
is
a
is
not
standards
development,
unlike
the
ietf,
we
can
publish
ifcs
but
more
important.
Our
role
is
to
encourage
collaborations
rather
than
think
about
standards,
and
I
believe
that's
why
we've
been
doing
quite
well
so
far.
So
let's
keep
doing
that.
B
Right
so
to
start
anything
proper,
we
do
need
a
minute
taker,
so
that
was
a
brief
pause.
Now
that
we
have
55
percent.
Does
anybody
want
to
volunteer
to
take
minutes.
B
A
A
Let's
give
it
a
few
more
seconds
like
wojciech
said,
I
don't.
A
I
don't
think
the
the
the
the
note
takers
job
is
going
going
to
be
terribly
onerous
today
in
terms
of
the
the
total
amount
of
work
that
has
to
be
done,
capture
the
key
points
of
the
q
a
and
what
what
gets,
promised
or
or
work
items
that
get
handed
out
in
terms
of
the
two
drafts
that
have
to
be
that
were
that
are
the
primary
point
of
discussion
and
then
grab
any
key
questions
or
comments
out
of
the
open
discussion
section
and
that's
about
it.
B
B
B
B
The
blue
sheets
are
now
taken
automatically
through
meat
echo,
so
just
fyi,
there's
no
blue
sheets
to
fill
up.
Okay.
So,
let's
start
proper
welcome
everybody
to
the
qirg
meeting
for
the
ietf
110
online.
B
It's
it's
a
nice!
It's
like
a
decade
because
the
first
the
proposal
for
qrg
was
at
the
iit.
Oh
actually
was
itf
101,
not
the
100..
So
it's
not
a
decade,
10
88
meetings.
Yet,
okay,
what's
the
agenda
for
today
five
minutes
just
to
get
things
sorted,
then
we
have
two
drafts
which
we're
going
to
go
update
through.
I
believe,
there's
been
quite
a
few
significant
changes
for
the
use
case
draft.
So
I'm
looking
forward
forward
to
hearing
from
going
on
those.
B
There
were
not
as
many
updates
for
the
principal's
draft
and
hopefully
we're
nearing
the
end
for
both
and
we're
also
going
to
have
a
discussion
group
around
the
paper
that
rodney
posted
on
the
mailing
list
about
development
or
not
for
quantum
interconnects.
B
So
if
somebody
feels
lost
during
the
draft
discussion,
it
might
be
a
good
chance
to
catch
up,
at
least
on
the
paper,
to
participate
in
the
discussion
group
and
then
a
bit
of
an
open
floor.
We've
got
a
few
discussion
points.
At
least
I
have
one.
I
want
to
suggest.
B
B
B
I
want
to
make
one
announcement,
so
one
thing
that
rod-
and
I
agreed
at
some
point-
is
that
we'd
also
like
to
emphasize
the
educational
and
aspect
of
the
qrg,
and
for
that
reason
we
will
be
running
some
qrg
seminars,
where
we
invite
a
speaker
to
give
a
talk
and
open
the
floor
later
to
questions
we'll
be
organizing
that
between
the
actual
ietf
face-to-face
meetings,
to
kind
of
allow
us
to
really
just
focus
on
that
one
seminar
and
the
first
one
is
happening
actually
in
two
weeks
time,
exactly
two
weeks
time
with
the
speaker
will
be
madi
namazi
who's,
the
chief
science
officer
of
cunect
qneck,
is
a
startup
out
of
stony,
brook
university
working
on
quantum
repeaters,
so
especially
they're
they're
looking
into
miniaturization,
and
they
have
been
thinking
about
various
aspects,
including
merging
with
existing
infrastructure.
B
So
if
that's
something
that's,
I
believe
that
would
be
interesting
to
everybody
in
the
qrg,
so
the
announcement
has
been
posted
on
the
mailing
list
and
it's
also
registered
as
a
virtual
interim.
So
it's
on
the
data
tracker
we
plan
to
have
roughly
one
every
two
months
or
so
so,
if
you
have
suggestions
for
a
speaker
or
you
yourself
believe
you
have
something
you
would
like
to
share
with
a
qrg
in
a
longer
seminar.
A
Rod,
yes,
sorry,
one
thing
so,
while
while
you
were
running
through
this
intro
stuff,
kiriti
joined
the
the
cube
briefly,
I'm
not
sure
if
they
want
to
say
something
is
I
have
a
meta
comment
at
this
point:
yeah
go
ahead.
Let's
see,
how
do
I
enable
you,
I'm.
C
Enabled
I
think
okay,
can
you
hear
me?
Yes,
so
yeah,
the
one
of
the
expired
drafts,
the
one
on
qrg
advent.
I
think
we
called
it
it's
possibly
going
to
come
alive
in
the
next
few
months.
C
I've
just
joined
the
marquee,
the
mid-atlantic
research,
quantum
internet
or
something
like
that
as
as
an
advisor
and
if
they
feel
that
that's
something
interesting,
I
would
revive.
The
draft
sounds
great
great,
looking
good
yep
great.
Thank
you.
B
Okay,
that
case
let's
hand
over
to
chongang
to
give
us
the
update
on
the
internet
use
cases.
Let
me
stop
sharing
my
screen
and
I'll
grant
screen
to.
B
A
D
Ahead:
okay,
thank
you
yeah
good
morning
or
good
afternoon
depends
where
you
are
so.
This
document
is
about
the
applications
and
the
use
cases
for
the
quantum
internet
version
zero,
four.
So
first
off,
I
would
like
to
give
you
a
quick
recap
on
the
previous
versions
of
this
document,
so
this
version
zero.
D
E
D
Based
on
especially
based
on
the
feedback
from
patrick
and
the
music,
so
basically,
as
you
can
see
in
the
in
the
past,
this
document
has
been
improved
a
lot
based
on
lots
of
good
comments,
feedback
and
suggestions
from
the
priority
team.
So
the
latest
version
zero,
four,
basically
trying
to
address
the
comments
and
feedback
we
received
during
last
ietf
media
online,
and
also
some
after
meeting
comments
from
avedo,
magic
and
joey.
D
So
that's
kind
of
a
quick
recap,
as
you
can
see
it
kind
of
the
the
document
kind
of
keep
a
progression,
the
major
updates
in
the
present
version.
Therefore,
as
you
can
see
here,
the
outline
and
the
whole
document
has
not
been
changed.
So
major
changes
the
first
we
clarify
the
control
and
the
data
plan
classification.
D
Let's
change
to
the
section
four
two
three
and
then
major
changes.
You
know
just
to
the
six
and
five
in
terms
of
three
use
cases.
So,
first
to
the
qkd,
we
call
the
secure
communication
setup.
D
We
added
additional
description
about
the
kokiti
post
processing,
based
on
the
comments
we
also
classified
on
the
user
identity
and
the
privacy
in
cookie
d.
This
issue
has
been
discussed
in
last
meeting,
so
basically,
we
clarified
cocades
kind
of
just
to
exchange
security
and
not
necessarily
to
disclose
the
user
identity
or
violate
any
kind
of
user
privacy.
D
And
then
for
the
section
5.2
secure
quantum
computing
with
privacy
preservation,
so
we
added
quite
a
few
description
about
the
blind
quantum
computing
and
also
based
on
comments.
We
changed
the
you
the
use
case
diagram
before
we
have.
We
have
a
use
case
like
the
use,
the
the
amazon
device,
but
this
time
we
kind
of
make
it
simplified
a
little
bit
and
just
call
it
a
home
device
could
be
a
gateway.
D
It
wants
to
delegate
the
quantum
computer
computing
from
the
gateway
to
some
quantum
comp,
computers
in
the
cloud,
for
example,
that
changes
to
the
5.2
and
then
the
5.3
distributed
quantum
computing,
basically
added
more
description,
because
in
in
general,
distributed
quantum
computing
could
be
in
two
forms
or
two
types.
The
first
type
is
the
quantum
assisted
or
quantitative
distributed
computing,
which
means
sedio.
It
is
a
class,
it
is
a
classic
computing,
but
we
use
a
quantum
mechanism
like
the
entanglement
to
improve
the
class
of
computing.
D
That's
one
type,
the
second
type
is,
you
know
the
quantum
computers
they
are
distributed
in
different
places
and
then
for
this
scenario,
we
call
it
signal
type,
that's
kind
of
the
focus.
In
fact,
three,
and
then
we
based
on
that
we
added
some
clarification,
yeah
and
and
then
because
of
those
kind
of
updates
we
we
have
really.
We
have
kind
of
adapted
a
little
bit
more
references
and
some
other
reference
has
been
updated.
D
Basically,
quite
a
few
different
new
references
have
been
added
to
the
documents,
that's
and
then,
by
the
way
they
all
this
kind
of
major
updates.
We
they
have
been
posted
in
the
in
the
mailing
list,
and
then
I
got
a
confirmation
from
the
for
from
the
people
who
who
made
the
the
comments
so
for
the
next
step.
D
So
we
feel
the
the
version
kind
of
version
4
is
stable
now
because
it
has
addressed
the
the
discussion
and
comments
from
last
meeting
and
also
after
last
meeting
and
basically
it
it
has
addressed
all
these
kind
of
comments.
So
for
the
next
step
we
were
wondering
and
our
goal
is
to
ask
the
team-
and
you
know
towards
the
research
group
last
call,
because
we
we
feel.
D
As
I
mentioned,
the
the
comments
from
the
preparation
has
been
have
been
addressed
and
you
know
this
document
has
been
discussed
quite
a
few
times
in
each
past
meetings
but
of
course,
the
under
any
time
moment
that
we
need
to
get
comments
and
feedback
from
the
priority
team,
so
we
can
continue
to
improve
the
documents
yeah
yeah.
That
concludes
my
presentation
today
for
this
application,
a
use
case
document,
I'm
happy
to
take
any
question
or
comments.
B
C
On
a
distributed
computing
piece,
end
of
section
5,
just
before
section
6.,
when
when,
when
you
talk
about
two
channels,
there's
a
quantum
internet
and
then
there's
the
classical
internet,
this
is
figure.
Four
is
the
intent
of
the
classical
internet
to
be
able
to
set
up
things
that
the
compute,
the
quantum
computer
needs,
or
is
this
completely
a
side
channel
for
any
regular
communication?
That's
needed
between
the
two
end,
computers.
D
D
You
know
the
computing
computation
results,
that's
kind
of
the
major
goal,
the
but
of
course
the
second
goal
is:
if
there
is
any
need
between
two
quantum
computers
for
classic
communications,
this
classical
internet
providing
the
classical
channels
could
serve
that
purpose
as
well.
C
Here's
what
I
have
here's
my
capabilities,
because
in
during
the
advent
draft
we
were
thinking
of
a
parallel,
classical
channel
over
which
you
exchange
properties
of
your
quantum
system
and
maybe
initiate
entanglement
or
or
or
understand
how
to
distill
the
entanglement
to
a
better
entanglement
stuff
like
that.
So
you
do
that
over
the
classical
channel,
so
is
so
that
I
mean
figure.
5
figure
4
is
an
instantiation
of
such
a
system
or
or
could
be
used
as
an
instantiation
of
such
a
system.
D
I
think
yes,
I'm
a
mouse.
Yes,
I
think
it
could
be
a
user
for
that
purpose,
but
the
you
know,
because
this
document
is
kind
of
the
use
case
application.
D
We
were
trying
not
to
touch
too
deep
on
the
technology
because,
as
you
said,
the
entire
distribution
actually
at
the
chairs
slide
shows
there
is
a
separate.
You
know
documents
talking
about
how
to
do
that.
But
here
definitely
this
classic
intellect
could
be
used
for
that
purpose.
Yeah.
C
Okay
thanks,
I
see
the
id
van
meter
qrd
quantum
connection
setup.
Maybe
I
have
to
go
read
that
first
and
understand
better,
but
thank
you
yeah.
Thank
you.
B
B
and
there's
the
outline
of
the
six
stages
and
what
I'm
not
clear
about
is
a
difference
between
stage
two
and
stage
three
in
the
way
you're
describing
it
in
that
figure,
because
the
example
in
both
cases
is
secure,
communication
and
then
the
characteristic
for
one
of
them
is
long-distance
cuban
transmission
and
for
one
of
them
is
entanglement.
B
D
Yes,
logic:
symbols,
yes,
because
that
paper
described
the
stage
two
as
a
prepared
and
then
major
networks.
So
these
three
is
entitlement
distribution
networks.
So
correspondingly
we're
trying
to
see
here
the
stage
two,
the
application
could
be
just
a
long
distance,
qubit
transmission
for
the
copd
without
using
any
kind
of
entanglement
related
technologies.
D
But
these
three,
because
these
three
in
that
paper
they
say,
internal
distribution
networks,
which
means
entitlement
distribution
is
available,
and
now
we
could
use
entanglement
distribution
based
non-distance,
cookie
d,
that's
kind
of
ideal
trying
to
map
the
different
versions
of
kokidi
to
the
stages
described
in
that
article.
B
B
Paper
because
I
I
think
I'd
have
to
reread
that
status
back
paper.
B
So
I'm
not
sure
about
that
because
in
general
we're
the
trend
is
to
go
to
entanglement
distribution
networks
to
basically
beat
the
distance
limit
and
the
ability
to
transmit
cubits
long
distance
without
entanglement
distribution
network
would
require
fault.
Well,
some
form
of
forward
error
correction.
D
A
D
I
I
guess
the
major
difference
between
62
and
33
is
with
impactment
or
without
empowerment.
Maybe
actually
you
know
in
this
in
stage
two,
I
actually
you
know
revised
that
sentence.
End-To-End
security
without
using
entanglement,
instead
of
without
relying
on
trusted,
notes.
B
I
think
that
I
think
the
issue
I'm
having
is
with
the
distance,
not
the
security,
but
there
is
also
a
security
implication.
So
I'll
tell
you
what
like?
I
can't
really.
I
don't
know
if
we
have
time
right
now
to
say
more
I'll,
read
into
that
stage,
two
versus
stage
three,
but
that's
of
all
the
things
in
the
draft.
That's
the
only
thing
that
I've
picked
up
on
lately,
so
otherwise
I
I
like
the
changes
so
far
and
I'll,
let
rodney
say
whatever
he
was
going
to
say:
okay,.
A
Well,
I
was
just
going
to
comment
that
you
know
as
as
valuable
and
important
as
stephanie's
road
map
document
is
that
description
of
the
stages-
it's
it's
written
in
in
pretty
pretty
terse
technical
terms
in
in
the
science
paper
and
so
having
an
interpretation
of
that
that's
more
accessible
to
people
in
the
ietf
irtf
community.
I
think
that's
a
really
valuable
contribution
of
this
draft,
so
I'm
actually
sort
of
tempted
to
ask
for
this
to
actually
be
this.
A
On
the
comment
on
the
content,
rather
than
your
request
from
the
chair,
the
I
do
think
it's
also.
I
think
it
is.
I
think
it
I
think
my
opinion
is
the
documents
reached,
read
this
to
reach
the
stage
where
it's
ready
for
for
a
really
hard
critical
reading
from
both
experts
and
non-experts
to
see
you
know
that
it's
actually
that
what's
written,
is
actually
correct,
but
also
that
also
that
it
carries
the
message
well
to
people
who
are
non-experts.
A
So
when
we're
ready
to
say
this
is
ready
for
for
for
last
call,
I
think
it
means
we
actually
do
need
to
have
the
one
round
of
pretty
serious
reading
on
it.
For
everyone.
C
Yeah,
my
naive
and
introduction
of
stage
two
and
stage
three
is
stage:
two
is
one
hop
and
stage
three
is
multi-hop
using
entanglement
exchange,
so
you
I
mean
to
your
point
about
distance.
If
I
can't
get
there
in
one
hop,
I
might
have
to
do
something
in
the
middle
and
then
and
then
keep
going.
I
don't
know
if
quantum
really
works
like
that,
but
you
know
that's
my
naive
reading
of
it
of.
B
This
yes
yeah,
I
I'm
going
to
admit
like
I'm
in
the
field,
and
I
get
confused
about
the
first
few
stages
as
well.
Sometimes
so
it
would
be
worth
actually
just
like
really
really
clarifying
those
stages
in
this
draft
benefit.
A
There's
a
comment
from
the
in
the
in
the
jabber
chat
actually
isn't
stage
two
there
to
accommodate
long
distance
by
a
quantum
gate
exchange
mechanism
based
on
belt
pairs,
as
I
recall
and
then
followed
up
with
them,
described
what
I'm
just
thinking
of
so.
E
A
B
Right
well,
time's
up.
We
can
return
to
us
in
the
open
floor
if
we
don't
have
anything
to
discuss
on
the
open
floor
thanks
john
gang,
I
think
that
the
way
forward
is
to
focus
on
these
stages
and
really
like
make
sure
we're
not
well
basically,
there's
some
confusion
here
going
on.
It
would
be
worth
clarifying,
but
otherwise
I
I
kind
of
agree
that
it's
converging
slowly.
A
Yeah,
so
the
one
other
final
comment
that
I
wanted
to
make
for
it,
and
this
is
actually,
I
think,
an
appropriate
thing
to
say
as
chair-
is
that
now
that
both
documents
are
getting
close
close
to
what
to
final
call
on
this
personally,
since
I've
been
much
more
involved
in
why
text
document,
I
have
a
better
understanding
of
that,
I'm
actually
pretty
comfortable
with
the
terminology.
That's
in
it.
A
A
A
He's
volunteered
to
read
the
the
the
use
case
draft
as
as
a
non-expert,
so
good
thanks,
awesome.
All
right!
We
do
need
to
move
on
yeah
rodney.
Can
you
share
the
next.
A
B
A
Yeah,
well,
I
do
want
to.
I
do
want
to
cover
that,
because
I
think
people
will
get
something
out
of
it,
but
but
this
this
document's
at
this
stage,
where
we're.
B
I'll
just
get
started
rather
than
use
it
one
more
time.
I
don't
actually
have
much
to
update
because
we've
been
slowly
converging,
but
I'll
start
with
a
quick
recap.
First
version
was
prepared
for
and
presented
at
ietf
104.
motivation
is
to
address
a
charter
point
for
an
architectural
framework,
delineating
network,
node
roles,
definitions,
common
vocabulary,
first,
step
important.
It's
a
first
step,
it's
not
an
architecture
itself
and
also,
actually
it
serves
as
a
good
introductory
document
to
people.
Without
a
quantum
physics
background.
B
In
terms
of
practical
stuff,
you
can
find
the
latest
version
on
github.
I
only
upload
a
new
draft
version
just
before
the
ietf
meetings.
It's
just.
I
find
that
just
easier
to
work
with
I
always
up,
because
github
also
gives
you
diffs
so
to
the
core.
What
has
changed?
B
One
of
the
main
points
outstanding
points
was
to
align.
The
use
case.
Draft
actually
uses
the
control
plane
terminology
slightly
used
slightly
differently
than
I
originally
did,
and
the
consensus
was
actually
that
I
was
going
to
adapt
the
terminology
in
the
principles
draft.
Basically,
the
originally.
I
wrote
that
the
control
plane
only
manipulates
classical
data,
but
there
are
potentially
some
control
plane
tasks
where
you
want
the
control
plane
to
actually
manipulate
quantum
data
as
well,
such
as
a
quantum
ping,
for
example,
but
I
did
not
make
any
concrete
boundary,
drawings,
etc.
B
I
because
that's
not
the
purpose
of
the
document
and
nobody
wants
to
go
in
that
direction,
this
document,
so
it's
merely
just
opening
the
possibility.
Rodney
also
has
sent
a
bunch
of
feedback.
It's
accounted
for.
B
You
raise
some
concerns
if
the
document
is
consistent
with
some
uncommon
proposals
for
quantum
internet,
which
includes
a
quantum
internet
by
cargo,
ship
and
well.
My
stance
is
which
I
did
show
in
the
mailing
list.
Is
that
even
if
they're
not
100
compatible,
I
don't
think
that's
an
issue
because
we're
not
publishing
a
standard
and
if
there's
an
evolution
or
deviation
down
the
road
from
the
principles.
I
think
that's.
Okay
and
it's
just
the
nature
of
research.
B
And
that
that's
actually
it
are
we
ready
there's
as
far
as
my
current
to-do
list
for
this
draft
is
actually
just
ordered
the
references
and
otherwise
other
than
that.
I'd
basically
say
it's
done
and
ready
to
go
to
the
next
step.
A
All
right
you
wanted
to
you
want
to
step
in
and
comment
here.
C
B
B
At
the
moment,
I
don't
see
anything
inconsistent
ultimately,
either
I
had
to
look
at
the
cargo
ship,
for
example,
one
and
the
quantum
internet
by
cargo
ship
I
felt
was
cons.
Could
it
basically
falls
under
all
the
terminology
we
use
in?
The
draft?
I
did
not
feel
like
I'd
have
to
add
anything
to
make
it
align
with
the
cargo
ship
proposal.
For
example,
there
was
other
concerns
about
the
all
optical
container
features,
but
I'm
not
an
expert
on
that.
So
I
cannot
talk
about
that.
A
B
Yeah
and
ultimately,
we
don't
propose
a
network
architecture
in
this
document,
so
when
I
say
100,
if
somebody
comes
in
the
future
and
says
here's
this
brand
new
technology
of
a
quantum
repeater
that
we
weren't
fully,
we
didn't
fully
understand
today
I
mean
today,
I
don't,
I
think
they're
just
that
would
just
require
new
work
rather
than
making
sure
we're.
C
A
Okay,
we've
got
two
questions
in
the
chat
here
if
we've
covered
that,
so,
if
you're,
if
you
think
we're
okay
with
that,
I
think
I'm
okay
on
that.
A
The
robin's
comment
was:
if
there's
a
reference
for
for
cargo
ship,
the
I'll
get
you
the
reference,
I'm
actually
one
of
the
authors
on
that
paper.
The
first
author
is
simon,
the
bit,
but
the
joey
salazar
has
a
question
here.
Where
are
these
proposals
going
joey?
Do
you
want
to
comment
further
on
and
then
I'm
not
quite
sure
what
the
question
means.
G
I
understand
that
this
is
like
looking
forward
into
potential
support
along
the
line,
but
I
was
just
wondering,
like
the
purpose
of
that
you
already
mentioned,
like
the
cargo
ship
and
that
and
yeah
the
cargo
ship,
one
like
where
are
those
cripples
of
going
like?
Are
they
being
brought
into
court
here
at
the
ipf
or
somewhere
else?.
A
Oh
at
this
point,
they're
they're
they're,
pure
research
papers
purely
at
the
idea
level,
and
so
so
the
I
you
know
if
you
had
asked
me
before
the
chinese
satellite
was
was
before
the
results
of
the
chinese
satellite
experiment
were
announced.
A
I
would
have
said
that
I
thought
the
first
way
entanglement
would
actually
be
distributed
between
two
continents
would
have
been
by
literally
carrying
error-corrected
qubits
from
one
location
to
another,
but
but
the
chinese
satellite
experiment
has
been
so
so
amazing
that
satellites
are
actually
looking
a
lot
better
than
I
thought
they
would
a
few
years
ago.
G
Oh,
I'm
so
sorry
to
interrupt,
then
we're
talking
about
potential
proposals
that
might
not
come
to
queer
or
the
idf
right.
A
E
A
Are
closer
to
needing
real
interoperability
and
real
real
protocols
that
are
well
defined
with
the
kind
of
expertise
we
have
here?
You
know
the
near
term.
Ones
are
really
metro
area
networks
and
over
over
a
distance
of
maybe
100
or
so
kilometers,
like
the
network,
that's
actually
being
developed
in
the
netherlands,
but
as
laying
out
an
architecture
and
or
at
least
even
architectural
principles.
We
want
something
that's
going
to
continue
to
work
for
us
for
as
long
as
we
possibly
can.
B
B
A
All
right,
there
was
another
question
in
the
queue
there
from
alexander:
patricia
is
quantum
internet,
a
quant,
a
network
of
quantum
computers,
or
is
it
a
quantum
network
of
classical
computers,
so
you're
the
author?
You
want
to
answer
that
one.
B
I'd
say
actually
originally
I'd
say:
quantum
computers,
but
there
is
a
bit
of
a
caveat
to
saying
just
going
to
computers.
Yes,
in
principle,
in
the
future,
we
want
to
enter
it's.
It's
meant
to
be
a
connection
of
quantum
computers
with
each
other
via
quantum
means,
so
they
can
exchange
qubits
with
each
other
rather
than
two
current
computers
connected
by
a
classical
internet.
B
That's
the
key,
distinct
differentiator
as
we're
not
talking
about
two
quantum
computers.
Communicating
classically
we're
talking
about
quantum
computers,
communicating
using
quantum
mechanics
but
in
terms
of
classical
computers,
can
be
connected
by
quantum
internet.
That
one
could
actually
call
it
that
because,
for
example,
qkd
quantum
key
distribution
does
not
actually
need
a
very
sophisticated
terminal.
B
In
fact,
you
can
actually
build
quantum
key
distribution
using
just
a
photon
emitter
which,
without
a
quantum
memory-
and
there
are
startups,
for
example,
in
the
uk,
who
are
building
them
in
a
form
factor
of
a
pci
card,
so
something
that
you
can
actually
insert
into
a
classical
device.
B
But
then
you
obviously
would
need
to
connect
it
to
fiber,
but
the
part
remains
it
is
actually
a
card.
You
could
potentially
insert
there
that
startup
is
cats,
but
if
you
wanted
more
details
about
why,
we
only
need
an
emitter
there's.
If
you
look
at
the
recording
from
the
previous
ietf
meeting,
there's
a
talk
by
josh
slater
about
mdi
qkd
word,
which
is
actually
built
around
the
idea
that
you
only
emit
photons
from
the
end
points.
B
F
Yeah
yeah,
this
is
alexander
petersburg.
Thank
you
for
the
reply.
Yes,
I
will
look
at
the
recording
that
you
indicated
and
thank
you
for
content,
that
quantum
minute
would
probably
be
both
options
that
we
discussed.
E
F
A
The
one
the
one
comment
I
would
add
to
that
is:
is
that
integrate,
so
the
quantum
internet
will
provide
a
particular
service,
it
will
provide
end-to-end
entanglement
and
how
that
gets
used.
Qkd
is
one
of
the
applications,
but
whatever
service,
the
quantum
internet
is
providing
will
get
integrated
into
a
larger
information
system
of
some
sort
and
the
way
most
of
us
perceive
that
larger
information
system
will
be
through
some
sort
of
classical
service.
A
That's
a
wrapper
around
it,
at
least,
and
and
even
the
quantum
part
may
be
just
something
small,
but
the
interfaces
for
how
those
the
quantum
services
get
integrated
into
the
classical
internet
is
one
of
those
things
where
I
guarantee
you.
There
is
not
enough
work
going
on
in
the
world
on
that
topic,
and
that's
one.
One
of
the
places
we
want
to
get
to
with
qra
rg
is
providing
the
work
on
on
that
particular
topic.
So
that's
why
that's
why
the
expertise
of
this
community
matters
in
building
these
things.
B
A
My
own
opinion,
as
as
as
a
co-author
of
this
is,
is
that
I
think
the
document
is
really
pretty
much
ready.
You
know
you
know
I
would
love
to
have
sean
turner
and
other
people
like
that.
You
know,
read
it
and
give
their
feedback
people
who
are
who
have
written
a
number
of
rfcs
to
see
whether
or
not
they
feel
like
it's
at
the
right
level.
Now
that
we
feel
like
the
technical
content
is
there
does,
does
it
have
sort
of
the
right
characteristics
so
so
that
it
helps
people
in
the
right
way?
B
So
what
what
I'll
do
is,
rather
than
is
I'll
post
it
to
the
mailing
list,
with
a
explicit
suggestion.
Please
read
so
that
before
the
next
meeting
we
actually
before
even
the
next
meeting,
we
have
already
a
question
whether
it's
ready
for
last
call
so
that
hopefully
the
next
meeting
we
don't
it's
getting.
A
Finalized
not
well
my
opinion.
Is
this
one?
This
one
is
ready
for
us
to
say
you
know
here
at
today's
meeting.
It's
ready
for
us
to
say
last
call
you
have
two
weeks
or
four
weeks
to
read
it
and
give
comments,
and
then,
after
that,
we're
going
to
push
it
to
irsgene
okay.
So
what
do
we
do?
We
do
do
some
kind
of
consensus
voting
or
I
don't
think
we
need.
I
don't
think
we
need
anything
like
that.
A
Well
posted
a
demand
wisdom.
So
we
should.
We
should
pick
a
time
frame.
You
know
two
weeks
or
four
weeks
or
something
for
people
to
give
their
final
rounds
of
feedback
and
say
you
know
on
this
on
you
unless
there's
anything
critical
that
comes
up
as
of
this
date,
this
many
weeks
from
now,
we
plan
to
push
it
irsg
for,
for
their
review,
yaakov
points
out
that
there
is
a
show
of
hands
tool.
If
we
want
to
use
it,
that's
actually
a
good
idea.
A
Let's
see,
I
have
not
used
the
show
of
hands
tool
before
as
a
chair,
so
let's
see
how
do
we
run
that
show
of
hands
for
people
who
think
this
is
ready
to
go
to
last
call,
let's
see,
show
off
hands
tool
start
session.
There
we
go.
A
A
new
virtual
hands
session
has
started
yeah
there
we
go
okay,
so
people
can
actually
raise
their
hand
if
they
think
it's
well.
Let's
see
so
sean
sean
said
says
the
the
question
would
be
who
will
review
in
in
the
next
four
weeks?
I
wanted
to
do
first,
let's
do
the
question
of
do
you
think
this
is
real?
Do
you
think
this
is
ready
for
us
to
actually
push
it
back
out
and
make
a
last
call
for
it?
A
My
opinion
is:
is
that
this
that
we're
ready
to
ask
for
last
call
on
the
mailing
list
for
within
the
working
group,
there's
seven
or
so
well,
I
was
looking
for
the
two.
A
Yeah,
let's
see
so
so
far,
they're
about
oh
eight
people
and
let's
see
so
there
there's
raise
hand
and
do
not
raise
hand
and
so
far
we
are
at
well.
We
briefly
had
somebody
who
was
that
do
not
raise
hand,
but,
but
I
guess
they
switched
to
raise
in
so
if
you
think
it's
not
ready
for
or
internal
or
research
group.
Last
call
click
do
not
raise
hand
if
you
think
it
is
ready,
click
raise
hand,
we've
had
somebody's
toggle
sort
of
back
and
forth.
There.
A
A
couple
of
people
are
all
right:
sean
and
joey
point
out
that
last
calls
or
last
calls
for
reviews
are
usually
two
weeks.
We've
got
one
or
two
people
who
are
who
are,
who
don't
feel
like
it's
quite
ready
for
for
last
call.
Yet
all
right,
I'm
going
to
I'm
going
to
end
this,
because
this
is
just
sort
of
an
informal
level
of
thing
anyway.
Here
at
this
point,
let's
see
right.
B
A
B
A
Say
this
we'll
give
you
we'll
give
people
48
hours
to
say
to
say
on
the
mailing
list.
You
know
the
people
who
stuck
their
hands
up
48
hours
to
to
to
post
what
your
your
major
concerns
are
on
on
the
qirg
mailing
list
and
in
48
hours.
If
we
haven't
seen
any
any
any
major
work
that
needs
to
be
done
for
it
we'll
issue
a
two
week
class
to
call
them
from
inside
of
the
the
rg.
A
There
are
a
couple
of
comment
comments
coming
in
through
the
through
the
chat
there,
let's
take
those
either
offline
or
to
the
mailing
list
or
continue
the
discussion
there
in
the
group.
Let's
see.
A
A
A
C
A
Okay,
all
right
last
item
on
the
agenda
here:
we've
got
about
13
minutes
left.
Let's
see
how
can
I
share
that
tab
that
opens
in
a
separate
tab.
B
Well,
you
have
a
share
screen
option
in
the
top
left,
but
I
don't
know
if
you
can
choose
a
tab
specifically,
so
you
open
it
in
a
new
window.
Yeah.
Let
me
do
that.
A
A
Let's
see
you
should
be
seeing
my
screen
there,
hopefully
all
right.
So
folks,
let's
see
when
I'm
in
this
mode,
I
can't
see
you
also
so
wojtek
you'll
have
to
drive
and
and
keep
me
on
track
with
time
and
whether
or
not
there
are
any
questions
or
anything.
Let's
see
so.
I
posted
on
the
mailing
list.
Oh
a
week
or
ten
days
ago,
a
pointer
to
this
recently
published
roadmap
development
of
quantum
interconnects
quicks
for
for
next
generation
information
technology.
A
A
There
is
entirely
u.s
based
authors,
and
so
of
course,
they
all
have
come
from
a
collective
particular
collective
point
of
view,
but
it's
also
the
case
that
the
vast
majority
of
them
are
physicists,
and
so,
when
I
read
this
document
the
I
think
it
does
a
really
outstanding
job
at
covering
what
the
state
of
the
components
is,
but
even
though
par
structurally
within
the
document
there's
a
section
that
talks
about
modular
interconnects,
meaning
how
you
can
do
essentially
node
to
node
communications,
for
system
area
network
to
scale
up
processors
and
there's
a
section.
A
That's
called
quantum
internet,
there's
really
what
I
think
of
you
know
for
what
for
qirg
purposes.
I
think
there's
actually
very
little
on
what
we
would
think
of
as
networking
for
people
in
in
this
community.
There
are
a
there
is
a
really
valuable
set
of
tables
of
milestones
and
technology.
That's
the
set
of
appendices.
A
A
But
I
don't
want
to
you
know:
I'm
not
going
to
read
you
the
document
or
anything.
What
I
wanted
to
do
was
to
introduce
the
document
very
briefly
and
then
give
people
a
chance
to
ask
questions
on
it
or
to
to
even
to
think
out
loud
about
how
this
could
potentially
influence
what
we're
doing
inside
of
a
qirg,
so
comments,
questions,
complaints,
conservative.
E
Hi,
this
is
su
tang
speaking
from
huawei.
It
is
my
first
time
to
attend
the
qirg
discussion
and
thank
you
very
much
for
referencing
the
the
paper.
E
I
have
a
very
high
level
question
on
this
on
this
paper,
so
the
milestones
highlighted
in
this
from
the
from
the
american
scholars,
and
do
you
think
this
is
pretty
in
line
with
with
european
vision,
and
my
feeling
is
that
I
thought
that
european
advances
in
quantum
communication
is
a
bit
already
a
bit
far
a
bit
further
than
the
milestones
highlighting
in
the
paper.
What
do
you
think.
A
That's
a
good
question.
Certainly
some
some
of
the
very
most
advanced
actual
experimental
work
is
is
taking
place
in
in
europe
in
vienna
and
delft
and
and
other
places.
I
have
not
seen
a
detailed
road
map
for
com
come
out
of
any
of
the
eu
or
even
national
projects
in
europe.
A
That
says
these
are
the
goals
we're
planning
on
hitting
other
than
you
know,
delft
say
saying
that
that
that
they
are
planning
to
to
hit
you
know
actual
entanglement,
swapping
and
a
metropolitan
area
network
that
that
that
meets
sort
of
the
dead
minimum
requirements
for
repeaters.
I
think
the
original
target
for
that
was
2020,
but
we
all
know
what
happened
to
2020.
So
I
have
not
seen
a
larger
longer
more
detailed
or
your
bigger
vision.
Roadmap
come
out
of
europe.
Wojtek.
Have
you
seen
anything
like
that?
B
Not
really
so
there's
different
plans
and
road
maps
there's
some
that
are
qkd
specific
there's
some
that
are
non-qkd
specific
for
quantum
or
feature
specific
ones.
Then
no
qkd
one
might
have
to
talk
around
a
bit.
A
So
you
know
the
this:
the
appendix
b.
That's
that's
on
my
screen
here
right
now,
your
timeline
and
milestones
for
modular
processors
and
that
appendix
c
time
learn
by
timeline
milestones
for
quantum
internet.
A
You
know
I
have
not
seen
an
equivalent
for
this
come
out
out
of
the
eu,
but
I
think
that
I
don't
think
the
goal
was
was
necessarily
to
say
this
is
what
the
us
will
will
achieve,
but
more
a
matter
of
this
is
what
we
think
is
reasonable
for
the
global
community
to
achieve.
But
of
course
it
happens
that
the
authors
are
all
from
an
american
point
of
view,
but
you
know,
for
example,
this
particular
point
right
here
on.
A
Suggesting
that
in
three
years
it
might
be
possible
to
to
create
a
photonic
entanglement
at
you
know,
10
to
the
eighth
per
second.
You
know
that
would
be
you
know,
an
astonishing
number,
and
so
that
would
that
has
to
be
taken
in
particular
context.
I
would
assume
that
that's
actually
talking
about
generating
entangled
photon
pairs,
for
example,
that's
certainly
not
creating
a
complete
quantum
internet
in
any
in
any
way
shape
or
form.
E
I'm
well
to
be
frank:
I'm
never
either
from
my
side.
But
if
I
look
at
also
these
the
section
b
that
you
just
presented
on
the
on
the
screen
and
if
I
look
at
a
number
of.
E
Notes
the
section
b
so
the
milestone
for
for
quantum
for
quantum
internet.
E
Yeah
appendix
c
yeah
great
deals,
yeah
right
appendix
c.
I'm
sorry
so
here
if
I
see
the
number
of
repeater
nodes
that
that
to
be
our
expected
in
three
years
here
I
see
three
memory
nodes
bigger
than
10
euter
nodes,
so
at
least
from
the
from
the
delved
statement
that
I
understand
at
least
within
2020.
Three
nodes
would
already
be
connected
in
in
three
dutch
cities,
so
that
makes
me
speculate
a
little
bit
if
europe
is
is
leading
on
the
quantum
communication
networking.
E
But
perhaps
it's
not
so
it's
not
so
so
important.
As
you
just
mentioned,
I
mean
this
is
a
community.
It's
a
global
community.
It
might
be
the
vision,
but
but
the
the
actual
technology
advances
might
be
already
quite
quite
quite
different
than
what
people
expect.
A
I
don't
remember
how
or
even
if
they
actually
define
user
nodes
there,
but
those
may
be
what
in
other
contexts
have
been
called
measurement
nodes.
You
know
end
nodes
for
that,
or
I'm
not
sure
that
maybe
clients
that
are
actually
that
are
actually
accessing
those
services.
I'm
not
actually
certain
in
this
particular.
E
A
B
Yes,
so
we
need
to
wrap
up,
but
there's
one
more
question
from
kiriti:
I
see
like
a
media
converter
for
cubits
about
the
about
this
roadmap
or
about
something
else
yeah
about
quick,
as
described
in
this
roadmap,
not
the
google
protocol.
B
A
Qubits
is
quick
like
a
media
converter
for
qubits
in
this
context,
so
so
you
know
they
titled
this
quantum
interconnects,
but
they
really
mean
any
sort
of
internode
communication
mechanism
here
so,
including
both.
What
I
would
call
a
system,
area
network
or
other
people
would
call
like
a
supercomputing
interconnect
or
something
the
interconnect
for
a
scalable
large
number
of
nodes
and
also
wide
area
networks,
so
they're
covering
both
in
this
in
this
road
map,
but
don't
be
misled
by
the
term
interconnects
here
that
they're
really
referring
to
to
to
a
broad
range
of
networks.
A
Although
they
don't
really
have
sort
of
a
lot
of
expertise,
they
don't
they
don't
in
networks,
they
don't
talk
about
system
area,
networks
versus
local
area
networks
and
metropolitan
area
networks
and
transcontinental
networks
and
transoceanic
networks
and
that's
not
covered
in
here
there.
There
will
be
other
road
maps
coming
out.
I'm
certain
there
there
I've
heard
of
multiple
road
mapping,
efforts
that
are
actually
in
place
right
now
that
are
actually
going
on
right
now.
C
The
the
idea
of
converting
you
know
a
quantum
bit
that
is
represented
as
spin
of
an
electron
to
maybe
a
photon
somewhere
else,
or
maybe
I
don't
know
those
different
types
is
what
I
meant
by
the
media
conversion
is
that
in
an
important
notion
and
quick
in
in
the
quantum
interconnect
that
you
can
go
sorry,
I
missed
that
part
different
types,
meaning
so
you
have
a
qubit
here,
that's
represented
as
a
spin
of
an
electron.
You
have
a
qubit
there
or
you
need
to
to
turn
that
into
a
qubit.
C
That's
you
know
the
phase
of
a
photon
and,
and
so
there's
that
kind
of
media,
media
exchange
or
media
interconnect
that
media
conversion
yeah.
A
That's
a
enhancement
of
entanglement
of
photons,
with
stationary
qubits
stationary
memory,
cube
is,
is
definitely
one
of
the
key
pieces
of
technology
that
has
to
be
done
in
in
part
of
this,
and
that's
been
understood
since,
since
the
the
relatively
early
days
of
what
are
called
the
divan
senzo
criteria
by
david
senza,
who
was
a
researcher
at
ibm
and
is
now
a
professor
in
europe
somewhere.
B
Yes,
I'm
afraid
we're
gonna
have
to
wrap
up
now
we're
less
than
one
minute
left.
So
any
discussions
continue.
Please
continue
on
the
mailing
list,
including
the
draft
wrap-ups
also
on
the
mailing
list.
A
Oh
nope,
that's
it!
Thank
you,
everybody!
Thank
you
all
for
for
being
here
there.
There
are
many
other
fun
things
going
on.
So
we'll
we'll
see
you
all
on
the
mailing
list
and
barring
any
major
objections,
come
friday
wojtek
and
I
will
we'll
start
a
two
week
call
at
last
call
for
for
for
the
architecture
draft
and
the
use
case.
One
will
be
probably
not
very
far
behind
that.