►
Description
The Indigenous Connectivity Summit brings together community network managers and operators, Indigenous-owned Internet service providers, community members, researchers, policy makers and Indigenous leaders.
In 2020, the Internet Society offers two pre-Summit trainings: Policy and Advocacy, and Community Networks. These programs are designed to prepare passionate leaders to advocate for and articulate the digital policy needs of Indigenous communities around the region and learn to build connectivity solutions that meet the needs of their communities. Become the community networking leaders of tomorrow through our comprehensive training programs!
More information: https://www.internetsociety.org/events/indigenous-connectivity-summit/2020/trainings/
A
So
welcome
everyone
to
the
first
community
networks,
training
session
of
2020.
We
are
very
excited
to
put
this
together,
despite
all
the
issues
going
on
with
covet
19
and
we're
really
lucky
that
we're
able
to
gather
virtually
and
that
people
are
able
to
join
us
over
the
phone
as
well.
I
have
a
few
housekeeping
reminders
I
want
to
roll
through
before.
I
turn
it
over
to
our
great
group
of
panelists.
A
A
few
more
things
is
that
we
want
to
plug
our
indigenous
connectivity
summit
if
you
haven't
registered
for
it.
Yet
you
can
do
that
on
our
website
and
I'm
going
to
drop
a
link
in
the
chat
at
some
point
during
during
this
webinar
and
finally,
I'm
going
to
drop
a
link
in
the
chat
right
now.
You
can
find
our
speakers
and
resources
for
upcoming
sessions
on
our
website
and
it's
password
protected.
So
the
password
is
also
included
in
that
message.
A
So
I
believe
that
is
all
for
housekeeping
I'm
going
to
turn
it
over
to
our
three
awesome
panelists.
I
think
it
would
probably
be
best
if
we
could
just
go
down
the
line
and
you
all
could
introduce
yourselves
very
quickly
and
then
I
think
we're
going
to
go
in
the
order
of
chris
and
then
dustin
and
then
bumpy
to
talk
about
your
work
that
you're
doing
and
then
we'll
move
to
question
and
answer.
So
chris,
would
you
like
to
introduce
yourself
first.
B
B
C
C
D
Okay,
aloha
sorry
getting
used
to
to
using
this
zoom
technology
man
anyway.
My
name
is
bumpy
kanahele,
I'm
the
head
of
state
of
the
nation
of
hawaii,
I'm
glad
to
be
here
anna.
Thank
you
for
making
this
happen.
Sarah-
and
I
saw
thank
you
for
supporting
us,
the
nation
and
our
work
that
we're
doing
here
in
hawaii.
D
You
know
I
I
want
to
bring
up
something
real,
quick,
it's
a
legal
foundation
of
the
nation
of
hawaii
and
it's
an
extra
challenge.
Besides
all
the
challenges
that
we
have
in
the
works
that
we're
doing
right
now
regarding
broadband,
but
you
know:
hawaii
was
overthrown
a
hundred
years
ago,
100
plus
127
years
now,
and
there
was
a
bad
time
that
we're
still
you
know
the
memories
of
our
kupuna.
D
You
know
the
younger
generations
are
stepping
up
to
the
plate
and
stuff
man,
and
I
want
to
be
part
of
that
because
I'm
the
older
generation
that
recognizes
that
and-
and
I
want
to
make
that
happen
for
us
here
in
hawaii-
use
us
use.
What
we're
doing
here
in
hawaii
the
nation
is,
is
more
than
happy
and
real
thankful
that
you
know
I
saw
came
along
who
that
thought
that
would
be
working
with
the
state
of
hawaii.
You
know
so
I'll
leave
it
with
that.
D
B
Thank
you
bumpy,
and
I
think
anyone
who's
dealt
with.
You
knows
that
you're,
both
young
and
hard
and
rich
in
experience,
I'll
just
say
that
another
place
you
can
look
for
some
background
is
an
interview
that
I
did
with
with
brandon
last
year
on
a
community
broadband
bits
podcast.
So
if
you
look
for
brandon
macava
ava
in
our
interview
with
matt
rantan
as
well,
we
try
to
do
a
little
bit
of
an
introduction
to
this
material.
B
B
Most
of
the
people
that
are
on
the
networks
today
in
the
united
states
on
broadband
networks
are
on
cable
or
telephone
networks
that
are
built
by
private
companies
that
have
an
interest
in
serving
a
certain
percentage
of
the
audience
of
the
night
of
the
country,
not
everyone.
They
are
trying
to
serve
people
who
have
been
empowered.
B
You're
going
to
hear
that
story
in
part
of
this,
I
do
want
to
warm
one
thing
if
I
disappear
in
the
middle
of
nowhere,
it's
because
dell
and
microsoft
are
conspiring
against
me
not
because
comcast
is
in
right
now
my
computer
has
been
quite
flakely
and
I've
been
flaky
because
ragweed
is
killing
me
this
year.
So
I'm
going
to
do
the
best
I
can,
but
I'm
a
little
less
coherent
than
normal.
B
I'm
gonna
do
a
bit
of
an
overview,
and
then
I
think
dustin
and
bob
you're
gonna
talk
more
about
personal
stories,
so
I'm
not
gonna
try
to
make
this
into
a
coherent
story.
I'm
just
gonna
give
some
background
and
I'm
really
hoping
that
we
can
answer
any
further
questions
in
the
chat
toward
the
end.
So
as
we
talk
about
community
networks
and
and
how
to
think
about
them,
I
tend
to
divide
them
into
three
different
groups.
B
Community
networks
fundamentally
are
networks
that
have
a
different
goal
in
mind
than
what
the
cable
or
telephone
networks
typically
do.
It's
a
network,
that's
meant
to
serve
the
community's
needs.
It's
about
creating
benefits
for
the
community,
establishing
education,
opportunities
about
creating
opportunities
for
work,
telehealth,
just
opportunities
to
entertain
ourselves
and
tell
our
own
stories.
B
It's
not
about
creating
money,
although
money
is
important
to
make
sure
it'll
still
be
there
tomorrow,
but
I
divide
community
networks
into
three
different
groups
that
have
some
similarities
and
differences.
Among
them,
one
is
municipal,
which
is
where
local
government,
maybe
maybe
a
city,
maybe
a
county,
maybe
a
township
or
some
other
jurisdiction
owns
the
network.
That's
one
group
cooperative
networks
would
be
where
the
owners
of
the
network
are
actually
everyone
who
uses
it.
B
If
you're
using
the
network,
then
you
have
a
vote
in
the
governance
of
the
network,
that
hires
the
management
and
sets
the
policies
and
things
like
that.
That's
a
cooperative
network
and
then
the
other
is,
I
would
say,
generally
local
groups,
I'm
often
activist
groups,
often
with
volunteer
labor,
often
using
more
creative
styles.
E
There's
a
lot
of
different
technologies
that
that
community
networks
use,
but
when
it
comes
to
these
local
efforts
a
lot
of
times
it's
wireless
because
it's
more
affordable,
it's
nimble,
it's
it
doesn't
require
the
exceptional
cost
of
fiber,
which
is
often
not
just
the
cost
of
the
gear,
but
also
licensing
it
from
companies
that
are
charging
a
lot
of
fees.
And
things
like
that.
So
we're
often
talking
about
wireless
networking
now
within
wireless
networking,
there's
a
lot
of
different
technologies.
E
We
talk
about
wi-fi,
which
is
a
common
standard
and
is
often
how
we
we
often
connect
our
devices,
but
it
may
not
be
appropriate
to
connect
an
entire
community.
There
are
other
wireless
technologies.
You
may
hear
about
often
broadly
classified
as
fixed
wireless,
that
are
the
technologies
that
we'll
often
be
engaging
with,
which
is
slightly
different
than
than
just
wi-fi
in
ways
that
I
think
we'll
be
getting
into
more
detail
later
on.
E
I
further
break
down
this
challenge
when
we
think
about
the
money
involved
with
it
into
two
different
things,
and
one
is:
how
do
we
afford
to
build
that
network
like
how
do
we
get
it
up
and
running?
This
is
a
kind
of
capital,
install
question,
and
the
second
piece
is:
how
do
we
keep
it
running
after
that,
and
so
again,
I
just
think
about
these
different
challenges
into
these
trying
to
break
it
down
into
more
reasonable
pieces,
and
the
challenges
of
getting
it
running
are
often
quite
different
from
keeping
it
going.
E
E
Those
are
the
kinds
of
things
that
go
in
that,
but
I
feel
like
that's
at
a
fairly
basic
level.
What
needs
to
be
done?
I'm
hoping
now
that,
with
that
kind
of
rough
framework
that
that
will
help
as
dustin
tells
his
story
and
as
bumpy
tells
his
story,
you
know
have
a
sense
of
of
the
different
questions
we
have
to
deal
with
and
how
different
groups
have
dealt
with
them,
but
I'll
be
definitely
paying
attention
to
the
chat
here.
E
C
C
C
C
C
C
And
so
we
we
have
a
while
we're
rolling
out
that
infrastructure
put
up
these
different
hot
spots
at
schools
and
churches,
and
things
like
that,
and
this
is
kind
of
a
an
idea.
Here's
aerial
view
of
baltimore
and
some
of
the
areas
that
we
are
either
currently
in
or
slated
to
have
a
hot
spot
up
in
very
soon,
and
this
map
will
have
more
and
more
dots
each
week.
C
C
C
It's
almost
like
a
locally
run
charter
school
in
a
way,
but
they
have
a
lot
of
flexibility
over
how
they
can
partner
and
what
actions
they
can
take
in
order
to
serve
their
communities.
So
that's
helped
us
navigate
or
skip
altogether
a
lot
of
the
bureaucracy
that
we
may
have
had
to
face
with
different
public
schools.
C
And
so
that's
just
a
matter
of
making
sure
that
we
get
the
community
involved
so
when
we've
been
doing
installs
typically,
what
we
have
been
doing
is,
of
course,
having
the
young
folks
that
we
trained
back
in
february
as
well
as
bringing
in
new
people
from
each
neighborhood.
When
we
go
to
a
new
neighborhood.
C
And
so
we
want
to
make
sure
that
we're
starting
with
those
steps
now.
So
it's
just
a
matter
of
inviting
in
the
community
to
be
a
part
of
the
process
and
and
either
observe
or
take
part,
depending
on
what
they're
interested
in
and
that's
been
a
kind
of
a
great
way
to
get
more
buy-in.
And
once
we
get
to
the
point
where
we're
actually
getting
into
homes.
We've
built
a
lot
of
those
networks
and
relationships
that
we'll
need
to
rapidly
get
to
that
point.
C
C
We
started
off
just
reaching
out
to
local
tech,
blogs
and
things
like
that,
and
then
somebody
caught
wind
of
that
at
the
nbc
nightly
news.
So
our
project
was
covered
on
national
news
and
then
all
of
a
sudden,
all
the
local
outlets
that
realized
that
they
missed
this
wanted
in
on
it,
and
so
now
it's
like
every
week.
D
D
D
We
did
not
sign
any
lease
with
the
state
until
2001
in
2001,
the
state
finally
put
in
a
transitional
clause
to
the
lease
states
in
the
event
that
a
sovereign
entity,
sovereign
nation
of
hawaii,
is
established
for
the
benefit
of
native
hawaiians.
The
hawaiian
people
can
now
proclaim
the
restoration
of
the
independence.
D
So
with
that
said,
the
lands
we've
been.
You
know
we've
been
on
this,
this
alliance,
you
know
for
almost
26
years
about
26
years
now,
and
so
from
that
time
till
now
you
know,
we've
seen
five
governors
now
not
all
of
the
governors
were
kosher
about
working
with
us,
because
we
had,
we
were
like
rebels
out
there
on
the
street
and
they
couldn't
control,
and
so
in
the
meantime,
they
had
all
these
different
federal,
different
ideas
about
federal
recognition.
D
Finally,
with
bert
lum,
you
know,
as
the
d-bed
you
know,
is
their
main
broadband
person.
I
I
was
introduced
to
bert
by
another
person
and-
and
we
talked
story
about
you
know
working
with
the
state
and
it
wasn't
like
I'm
going
yeah
right,
we'll
work
with
the
state,
but
it
was
the
internet
society.
The
eye
sock
that
actually
you
know
bert,
was
different
and
and
again
you
know
I
was
talking
about
a
generational
shift.
You
know
the
generations
of
the
old
guard
is
like
they
left.
You
know
they
really
left.
D
Initiative
for
you
guys
and,
and
so
we
talked
through
it,
and
then
we
got
to
meet
mark
matt
and,
and
they
came
down
and
visited
and
started
the
ball
rolling
and
now
I'm
thinking
like
well,
we
gotta
do
all
this
other
work
right,
you
know,
and
and
now
trenching
I
went
right
into
the
trench.
You
know
the
the
trenching
was
something
I
thought
was
the
hardest
thing
that
we
ever
had
to
do
and
it
was
wrong.
D
The
trenching
was
just
the
beginning
of
the
hard
work
that
we're
about
to
do,
and
so
we
did
the
trenching.
We
we
laid
the
line.
We
got
it
right
to
the
building
and
I
think
you
know
we
we
do
that.
Naturally,
because
we
have
land,
a
land
base
is
probably
the
most
important
thing
for
any
peoples
that
are
doing.
You
know
doing
their
thing
because
you
always
got
to
rely
on
a
landlord.
We
don't
have
to.
D
We
don't
rely
on
a
state
for
anything,
and
that
is
probably
why
we
get
iced
out
a
lot.
You
know
not
just
from
the
state
government
federal
government,
even
from
some
of
the
you
know
like
hawaiian
electric,
the
utilities
company,
they
make
it
hard
for
us
yeah,
and
but
it
doesn't
stop
the
self-determination
that
we
have
the
right.
We
have
the
right
to
pursue,
and
so
there's
this
broadband
initiative.
D
It
didn't
dawn
on
me
that
how
it
would
increase
our
communications
between
each
other,
not
just
in
in
our
village
but
even
outside,
of
the
gates
of
this
village
and
and
but
you
know,
even
till
now,
almost
a
year
later,
there's
so
many
things
that
you
know.
I've
learned
that
that
you
know
what
our
villages
or
villagers
are
are
doing.
You
know
the
the
things
that
they're
starting
to
do
with
with
the
the
availability
of
the
technology
availability
of
broadband
here,
and
you
know
me
and
brandon.
We
live
in
a
hawaiian,
homestead
land.
D
We
have
small
lots
out
there
in
a
community
in
the
hawaiian
homes
community
and
you
know,
selling
brand
man.
We
got
to
figure
out
how
to
set
up
here,
which
is
about
maybe
about
seven
miles
from
here.
It's
the
other
end
of
waimanalo,
but
when,
when
you
have
something
going
here
and
and
you
know
the
work
that
you
got
to
do
here-
and
the
maintenance
and
and
the
upkeep,
and
all
that,
I
think
you
know,
then
your
mind
starts
to
wonder,
and
you
know
like
we're
outside.
D
So
I'm
going
to
you
know
how
much
people
cannot
get
connection
high-speed
connection,
let
alone
and
how
many
people
have
devices
and
stuff.
You
know
our
our
community
waimanalo
community,
the
the
old
site
that
I'm
in
it's
bad.
You
know
it's
bad
communication,
isn't
if
not
for
the
parents,
the
mothers
and
the
sisters
and
the
aunties
and
uncles
that
are
helping
volunteer
their
time
in
school.
D
We
would
never
never
have
have
good
education
in
our
communities,
so
we're
surrounded
we're
next
to
the
elementary
school
there
and
and
we're
surrounded
by
digital
divide.
You
know
talk
about
digital
dividing
in
a
very
heavily
hawaiian
populated
area
and
so
doing
what
we
do
here
in
the
village
tends
to
like.
You
know,
make
us
wonder
like
out
there
like
what
if
we
could
get.
You
know
what,
if
we
could
get
a
you
know,
b,
node
up
and
and
the
cpu
is
up
on
certain
locations.
D
D
You
know
that
that
has
got
to
happen
and
I
think
that's
another
challenge
that
we
we
ran
into
in
the
last
year
was
like:
okay,
we're
gonna
charge
people
now
when
you
charge
people
you
want,
of
course,
the
the
maintenance
or
the
technology
side
to
be
purring.
You
know
like
like
really
good
and
we
we're
still
running
into
challenges.
You
know
it's
every
day
we
got
a
challenge
like,
but
we're
we're
we're
learning.
D
You
know
where
we
got.
We
got.
You
know,
brandon,
sharing
about
the
aloha
token
brandon,
that
you
know
we
started
and
so
we're
using
crypto
tokens
in
here.
Right.
That's
going
to
be
used
for
that
way,
our
people
can
learn
how
to
use
cryptocurrency
use
the
wallets
use
that
stuff
in
the
main
meantime
payday
bills.
D
D
You
know
we
want
to.
We
were
starting
to
john
who's.
Our
technical
guy
here,
john
garcia,
he's
put
together
an
app
that
helps
us
track
the
bees.
You
know
take
picture
and
then
you
know
you
can
just
download
stuff
in
there
now.
Once
we
get
our
our
reach
out
into
the
mountains,
then
we
can
do
a
whole
testing
on
our
farm
products
on
our
water
sources
that
we
have.
We
have
a
pond
out
there.
D
D
B
So
one
of
the
things
that
I
found
really
inspiring
when
I
was
out
there
last
fall
when
the
network
was
set
up
was
how
enthusiastic
everyone
was.
I
mean
I
think
we
had
age
ranges
from
less
than
10
to
more
than
70
of
people
who
were
just
super
enthusiastic
and
I'm
curious.
Has
that
continued?
Have
people
still
been
really
engaged
about
how
the
network
works
and
things
like
that.
D
They
you
know
the
only
only
time
they
report
back
to
us.
If
they
have
any
problems
connecting
right,
then
there's
a
car
that
goes
out
to
john
and
stuff,
but
yeah
there's
there's
a
lot
of
enthusiasm.
I
think
it's
more
a
lot
of
usage.
You
know,
like
some
of
my
nieces
here-
are
teachers
hawaiian
language
teachers,
so
they
have
classes
online
from
their
houses
now
they're
actually
being
and
setting
up
things
like
that
for
their
schools.
You
know
I
mean
you
know.
One
of
my
nieces
was
offered
a
job
as
principal.
D
B
Great
name,
I
think,
we're
all
open
for
any
questions.
If
people
have
any,
I
don't
know
if
everyone's
able
to
see
the
chat,
but
we
did
talk
a
little
bit
with
wayne
kelly
in
the
chat
about
local
businesses
can
often
be
partners,
local
isps
and
things
like
that,
and
so
my
comments
earlier
more
about
the
the
big
cable
telephone
companies.
The
big
comcast
att,
verizon,
those
sorts
of
companies
that
are
the
ones
that
really
only
have
an
interest
in
serving
people
with
the
most
money.
F
This
is
matt
rantan
and
I'm
just
going
to
dive
in
dustin.
I
have
a
question
for
you.
We
had
a
conversation
a
while
back
about
finding
a
backhaul
or
a
drain
to
the
rest
of
the
internet.
For
you,
can
you
talk
a
little
bit
about
what
that
process
was
for
like
it
was
like
for
you
and
and
what
you
had
to
go
through
to
figure
out
navigate
that
situation,
so
you
could
get
to
the
rest
of
the
world.
C
C
C
Now
when
leadership
changes,
priorities
can
change
and
things
like
that,
so
the
cost
and
time
associated
with
getting
that
that
wired
connection
at
this
point
doesn't
seem
like
the
right
solution
for
us,
and
so
we
we
liked
the
kind
of
quicker
nature
in
which
we
can
get
the
backhaul
up
and
running
and
the
ability
of
it
to
be
more
flexible.
If,
like.
C
We
know,
for
example,
that
the
one
of
the
buildings
we're
in
now
is
going
to
be
demolished
in
favor
of
a
high-rise
apartment
complex
in
the
next
few
years,
because
it's
it's
an
older
school
that
the
city
is
getting
rid
of.
So
with
that
in
mind,
we're
kind
of
pla
planning
ahead
and
don't
want
to
put
too
much
kind
of
investment
into
that
at
the
moment.
So
there
were,
there
are
a
lot
of
different
variables
that
went
into
that
for
us,
but
we're
we're
pretty
close.
B
F
I'll
actually
be
speaking
at
merits,
conference
coming
up
in
october
or
november
this
year
and
they're
very
open
to
that.
So
this
started
a
while
back
with
with
scenic
in
california
and
scenic,
is
the
research
and
education
network,
the
kind
of
the
maybe
the
grandfather,
at
least
the
largest,
that
we
see,
because
it
spans
all
the
way
up
through
link
oregon
and
then
into
noaanet
in
washington
state.
F
It
also
spans
across
to
arizona
and
scenic,
has
connected
to
the
tribal
digital
village
network
and
actually
has
made
an
amazing
opportunity
for
us
to
reduce
pricing.
To
you
know,
add
you
know
fat
pipe
bandwidth
to
be
able
to
support
this
and
then
be
able
to
leverage.
You
know
all
of
the
resources
that
this
research
and
education
network
comes
with.
F
The
complication
for
them
is
that
you
have
a
government
and
an
economic
development
venture
and
a
library
all
in
the
same
network,
and
they
typically
only
look
at
the
library
or
the
school.
So
it's
it's
sort
of
a
bending
of
their
rules
or
or
a
different
understanding
of
the
rules
to
be
able
to
support.
You
know:
tribal
community
networks.
A
G
D
D
I
guess
you
gotta
you
gotta,
rent
out
the
spaces
and
all
that
and
then
see
what
happened.
Was
my
youngest
granddaughter
she's
like
around
eight
and
my
older,
granddaughter
they
got
into
it
a
scrap
cat
scrap
with
each
other
and
was
over
the
internet,
and
and
it
was
because
the
younger
one
who
seemed
to
be
very
technology
very,
very
technically
savvy
about
what
she
was
doing
and
she
spends
a
lot
of
time.
D
So
I
realized
that
she
was
getting
a
lot
of
the
perks
right
that
goes
with
the
game,
she's
playing
and
the
sister
she
gave
the
sister
the
password
or
you
know
a
way
into
an
assistant.
Didn't
pay
her
bills
and
they
were
they
had
this
fight
over
what
was
going
on
online
now
now
I
talked
to
both
of
them,
and
I
I
told
them.
You
know
you
guys
fighting
about
rent,
not
paying
your
rent.
Not
you
know
you
lavish
cars
that
you
buy
in
villainous
older
sister
right.
D
D
D
You
know
the
people
that
I
we
had
working,
they
couldn't
be
there
24
7.,
you
know
brandon
had
to
run
from
home
from
outside,
come
back
inside
to
restart
do
some
of
the
stuff,
so
the
the
maintenance,
administration
and
and
the
maintenance
management
of
the
whole
isp
is
requires
that
it
requires
that
type
of
of
of
person
and
interest.
And
so
I
I
can.
I
can
say
that
I,
finally,
I
think
we
tapped
into
one
of
my
our
you
know.
D
He
lives
here
my
grandson,
and
so
I
talked
to
him
again
yesterday
because
it's
a
it's
a
big
responsibility.
It's
not
just
you
know
we're
gonna
take
over
we're
gonna.
Do
that
there's
a
whole
bunch
of
stuff.
That's
gotta
happen
now,
and
but
I
I
think
by
getting
in
touch
with
them.
That
way
is
what
made
me
realize
how
I
got
to
work
with
that
type
of
talent
or
when
you
spot
it.
If
you
spot
that
talent
in
them,
then
then
inquire
about
that
hey.
Why
don't
you
guys
see?
D
And
if
they
give
you
a
signal
that
that
you're
going?
You
don't
know,
and
so
I
I
don't
know
if
that
answers
it
or
all,
but
that
is
the
approach
that
I've
I've
taken
that
we've
been
you
know
working
at
to
to
get
involvement
by
then
you
know
it
might
be
one
of
the
11
year
olds.
That's
going
to
run
the
technical
side
of
this
place.
Who
knows
you
know,
but
it's
open.
B
I'm
curious
dustin.
If,
if
you
know
that
I
mean
I
feel
like
some
of
that
also
gets
back
to
what
you
were
saying
about
in
terms
of
people
feeling
ownership
of
it,
because
I
also
feel
like.
Sometimes
people
will
think
I
want
to
help,
but
I'm
not
really
sure
if
I'm
the
one
that's
supposed
to
or
if
I
even
have
permission
to
or
or
that
sort
of
a
thing.
C
C
You
know
their
friends
are
walking
by
and
it's
a
it's
a
point
of
pride
that
you
know
they're
part
of
this
initiative
that
is
going
to
help
out
their
community,
their
friends,
their
family,
their
neighbors
and-
and
so
I
think,
that's
a
big
big
part
of
it.
But
even
even
with
that,
it
can
be
difficult
to
build
up
that
technical
expertise
and
retain
the
technical
expertise.
For
a
few
reasons
I
mean
they're
the
world's
a
messy
place.
There
are
a
lot
of
complex
situations
that
people
have
to
live
through.
C
Some
of
the
community
networks
that
are
doing
great
work
have
the
benefit
of
having
really
kind
of
networking
experts
helping
with
the
deployment
of
it
and
they
they
might
have
the
kind
of
privilege
to
be
able
to
volunteer
their
time
and
to
to
deploy
something
like
this.
But
I
think
that's
not
always
the
case
and
so
tying
some
form
of
economic
opportunity
to
that
to
actually
allow
the
people
that
want
to
take
that
role
to
do
so
sustainably
and
to
actually,
you
know,
take
care
of
themselves
and
their
families
in
the
process.
C
And
if
you
can
find
a
way
to,
I
think,
establish
that
kind
of
local
ownership
and
match
that
with
some
level
of
financial
sustainability.
I
think
that
could
be
a
really
good
formula
for
not
only
building
but
retraining,
retaining
that
that
expertise
and
the
the
network
as
a
result
for
the
long
term.
A
A
B
C
D
Yeah,
I
think
the
major
challenge
I
I
think,
because
the
community
had
no
access,
or
at
least
high-speed
access
at
all
the
the
everything
is
like
a
new
thing.
I
mean
you
know,
I
see
a
lot
of
the
our
village
members
in
facebook.
I
see
them
on
instagram.
I
see
them
on
a
lot
of
things
that
they
would
not
have
been
on
there
had
it
not
been
for
the
technology
which
comes
back
to
you
know,
it's
kind
of
like
a
baby
that
has
hasn't
tasted
a
a
candy
bar.
D
D
The
way
we
got
to
add
speed,
high
speed
up
down
all
those
things
are
yet
to
come,
and
I
I
see
that
as
the
challenge
in
in
setting
up
after
you
know
getting
getting
so
used
to
that
you're
getting
support
because
we
got
to
work
out
all
the
technical
bugs
and
all
these
different
challenges
that
we
have
to
begin
with.
But
the
the
challenge
I
would
see
is
yet
to
come
because
we're
we're
working
on
that.
You
know
we're
you
know
if
you,
if
you
don't
pay
your
bill,
you're
gonna
get
turned
off.
D
You
know
that
kind
of
challenges.
I'm
talking
about
that
that
we're
looking
at,
because
we've
got
to
do
that.
You
know
we've
got
to
be
prepared
for
it
to
see
what
it
looks
like
and
I
think
that's
where
it
is
for
us
that
upcoming
things
that
that
we
got
to
face
not
at
you
know
in
in
the
last
10
months.
You
know
our
people
have
had
high-speed
connection,
you
know,
although
we
had
bugs
here
and
there,
you
know
it's,
it's
pretty
much
been
better
than
you
know
than
ever.
B
There's
something
that
I
thought
was
useful
to
note
that
I
was
thinking
about
both
in
the
case
of
these
community
networks,
we're
talking
about
and
that's
getting
something
started,
even
if
it's
small
is
really
important,
rather
than
waiting
and
waiting
until
something
better
comes
along,
and
I
don't
know
that
dustin
has
been
able
to
take
advantage
of
the
cares
act
funding.
But
that's
the
sort
of
thing
that
you
should
be
thinking
about,
where,
if
you
have
some
kind
of
a
network
operating
you'll,
be
in
a
better
position.
B
If
money
does
come
available,
whether
it's
through
philanthropy,
whether
it's
through
the
state,
whether
it's
through
isoc,
you
know
anyone
that
has
money
to
distribute,
to
try
to
build
better
networks
or
to
achieve
health
outcomes
or
educational
benefits.
They're
going
to
be
much
more
interested
in
a
network
that
has
some
evidence
that
I
can
work
to
pour
money
into
it
than
one
that
just
has
a
good
plan.
So
one
of
the
things
in
13
years
that
I've
seen
is
that
it's
always
a
few
years.
A
H
Sure
yeah,
thank
you
very
much
to
all
the
panelists.
The
information
that
you
shared
was
really
informative
and
pretty
inspiring.
I
was
just
wondering
if
you
could
speak
about
any
funding
opportunities.
There
are
for
covering
operational
costs,
whether
that
comes
from
government
or
partnerships
or
philanthropy
was
another
one.
That
area
that
has
been
touched
upon.
B
Hey
I'm
happy
to
jump
in
with
just
a
quick
answer
that
some
some
of
the
networks
have
had
a
goal
of
trying
to
charge
businesses
rather
than
residents,
and
try
to
you
know
provide
that
value
to
businesses
that
may
want
to
support.
The
community
may
have
other
reasons
for
getting
that
connection
and
finding
that
they
have
more
of
a
capacity
to
make
sure
they
have
some
money
each
month.
C
Yeah
and
we're
certainly
not
to
any
point
of
sustainability,
yet
we
were
able
to
take
advantage
of
the
increased
interest
in
getting
people
connected,
so
we
got
started
with
a
grant
from
the
internet
society
and
then
other
groups,
philanthropy
groups
and
community
organizations
around
baltimore,
got
behind
us
pretty
quickly
and
have
been
putting
some
funds
into
the
the
startup
of
things
and
then
in
terms
of
the
sustainable
business
plan.
Maybe
one
thing
that
I
haven't
emphasized
that
I
should
is
that
in
this
context,
isak
dc
is
really
just
helping
be
an
incubator.
C
We're
not
going
to
be
a
have
a
long-term
stake.
I
mean
we'll
always
want
the
network
to
succeed
and
and
provide
expertise
and
help
when
we
can.
But
ultimately
our
goal
is
for
this
to
be
a
self-sustaining
network
that
is
run
completely
locally,
and
so
with
that
in
mind,
of
course,
talk
with
them
about
their
business
plan,
but
the
sustainability
and
how
they
choose
to
structure
any
fee
costs,
and
things
like
that
will
be
made
more
locally.
D
Yeah,
I
you
know
that
that
was
our
thought.
When
we
started
working
on
the
native
hawaiian,
owned
and
controlled
bank,
I
think
that
the
nation
is
seriously
really
looking
at
a
shareholder
stakeholder
beneficiary
type
of
business
so
that
all
those
that
are
participating
or
or
have
service
would
basically
be
shareholders
of
that
of
the
business
of
that.
D
You
know
that
entity
we've,
the
nation,
is
looking
at
doing
some
of
the
craziest
things
that
countries
would
even
think
of
and
and
that
everything
that
we
we
do.
We
want
it
to
be
in
that
light,
that
it
will
be
shared
by
all
hawaiians,
as
well
as
the
people
that
live
in
hawaii,
and
so
when
you
think
about
all
the
businesses
that
that
can
come
about
or
that
is
operating
right
now.
D
Imagine
a
economy
where
the
shareholders
are
people
of
that
country,
the
people
of
that
you
know
entity
whatever
that
may
be,
and
that's
that's
serious.
You
know
we
we're
just
taking
it
beyond
beyond,
because
then,
with
with
that
in
mind,
then
that
becomes
a
talk
about
self-sufficient
and
sustainability.
D
D
So
we
understand
that
that
you
know
how
that
can
work
when
we
get
the
opportunity-
and
I
mean
that
when
we
get
the
opportunity-
that's
you
know,
that's
one
of
the
nation's
top
priority
is
to
look
at
all
that
ways
to
make.
You
know
not
just
make
people
users
of
of
whatever
business
that
may
be
in
this
case
broadband,
but
become
shareholders.
Stakeholders
in
that.
B
Certainly
if
the
democrats
take
the
senate
and
the
presidency
they've
already
put
forward
a
bill
that
they
claim
that
they'll
be
putting
forward
again
in
early
2021,
that
would
put
billions
of
dollars
into
these
programs,
and
so
it
may
be
worth
to
some
extent
in
the
short
term.
Thinking
about
how
community
networks
can
engage
in
these
training
programs,
as
well
as
distributing
the
connectivity.
A
A
Okay,
cool
well
before
we
go,
I
want
to.
I
have
a
quick
question
that
I
want
to
ask.
I
think
it's
really
important
in
these
trainings
that
we
try
to
keep
language
like
accessible
and
that
we
try
to
explain
the
really
techy
things
that
we
talk
about
and
bumpy.
You
mentioned
trenching
earlier,
and
I
know
that
if
I
were
just
getting
into
community
networks,
I
know
when
I
was
just
getting
into
community
networks.
I
had
no
idea
what
judging
would
even
be
so.
B
Yeah,
so
for
many
even
wireless
networks,
you
often
want
to
have
a
very
high
capacity.
Fiber
optic,
cable,
feeding,
the
the
wireless
network
in
the
main,
like
sort
of
distribution
point,
and
to
do
that
you're,
pretty
much
going
to
have
to
have
the
fiber
running
underground
in
a
trench
in
some
form
of
conduit,
which
should
be
a
pipe
that's
underground
or
attached.
Aerially
on
utility
poles
getting
on
utility
poles
can
be
really
hard.
B
Putting
in
new
utility.
Poles
can
be
harder,
and
so
a
lot
of
times,
trenching
or
getting
underground
with
some
form
of
directional
boring,
is
better.
It
really
depends
on
where
you
are,
and
also
the
the
people
in
their
preferences
I
mean
matt
can
can
certainly
tell
us
a
lot
about
different
tribes.
Having
concerns
about
going
underground
for
this
work
and
I'll
just
say
that
you
know,
if
you
do
want
to
trench,
probably
on
a
volcano
is
not
the
easiest
place
to
do
it.
B
F
Yeah
for
the
tribes
that
are
concerned
about
trenching,
I
mean
the
biggest
concern
too
is:
is
you
know,
are
there
artifacts
buried
where
that
trench
may
be
going
with
some
of
the
disruption?
That's
happened
in
our
reservation
systems
and
records
that
have
been
burned,
and
you
know
stories
that
have
been
changed
over
the
years
about
where
things
are.
F
If
trenching
happens,
so
you
know,
there's
all
those
considerations
to
deal
with
and
then
you
know
the
management
of
your
property,
and
I
can
I
can
guarantee
that
bumpy
is
working
at
on
this
and
brandon
as
well,
where
you
have
this
community.
That
is
in
all
respects,
it's
a
little.
It's
new
in
relation
to
time,
so
you
are
actually
laying
down
infrastructure
in
your
community
as
a
lot
of
these
tribes
are
and
you're
starting
to
put
things
in
the
ground
and
you're
starting
to
put
more
things
in
the
ground.
F
And
then
you
come
back
next
year
and
you
put
another
thing
in
the
ground.
You
got
to
remember
where
all
the
things
are
in
the
ground.
You've
got
to
manage
your.
You
know
your
assets
that
you're
building,
because
you
know
there
can
you
know
you
can
cut
things
and
fiber
gets
cut
all
the
time
it's,
but
it
is
the
best
solution
to
be
able
to
bring
enough
bandwidth
into
a
community
to
be
able
to.
F
You
know,
expand
and
grow,
so
you
know
thought
process
there
working
with
fiber
providers
at
wholesale
levels,
bringing
that
onto
your
property
figuring
out
what
the
best
vantage
point
is
for
wireless
from
the
from
the
fiber
there's
a
lot
of
considerations
to
have
there.
But
you
know
it
is
definitely
a
step
that
you
want
to
consider
and
take,
and
you
know
and
cutting
a
line,
a
slice
into
the
ground.
That's
several
feet:
deep.
To
lay
a
conduit
through
it
that
connects
one
place
to
the
next
is
essentially
where
that
definition
comes.
B
Yeah,
I
mean
one
of
the
challenges.
Is
that-
and
I
don't
follow
this
as
closely
as
some
others
do
on
the
audience,
I'm
sure,
but
during
the
net
neutrality
fight,
one
of
the
things
that
was
obscured
was
who
has
the
right
to
get
on
the
pole
and
for
a
few
years.
If
you
wanted
to
offer
broadband
internet
service,
you
had
a
right
to
be
on
a
utility
pole
in
the
united
states.
I
don't
unders,
I
don't
know,
I
haven't
looked
into
the
rules
in
canada.
B
B
They
can
say
a
lot
of
different
things,
and
so
that
has
been
a
challenge
and
then,
on
top
of
that,
if
you
have
a
business
plan,
you're
trying
to
do
by
a
certain
time,
if
you're
trying
to
get
on
polls
that
are
crowded
and
require
others
to
move
their
stuff.
So
you
can
get
on
the
poll,
which
is
a
process
called
make
ready.
You
have
no
idea
if
you're
going
to
be
able
to
get
on
that
poll
in
three
months
or
nine
months
or
a
year,
and
so
it
can
be
very
challenging.
B
You
know,
depending
on
where
you
are.
I
think
it's
worth
noting
that
sort
of
common
things
that
are
known
in
the
industry,
such
as
trenching,
are
very
expensive.
It
may
be
different
based
on
where
you
are.
If
you
have
a
lot
of
people
that
are
willing
to
do
manual
labor,
depending
on
where
you
are,
it
might
be
pretty
cheap.
Comparatively,
you
know
if
you
have
access
to
a
trencher
and
the
right
kind
of
land
and
the
permission
to
do
it,
it
might
be
something
that
you
can
sort
of
do
in
off
hours.
B
I
think
understanding
community
networks
are
going
to
be
more
nimble,
they're
going
to
bend
rules
that
that
the
city
wouldn't
do
that.
You
know
a
50
year.
Old
telephone
company
might
not
do,
and
so
it's
important
to
be
creative
along
these
lines.
But
you
know,
aerial
fiber
would
be
great
if
you
can
get
through
it.
It's
just
that
most
of
the
community
networks
that
we're
dealing
with
don't
have
that
kind
of
capacity
or
luxury,
and
so
they're
often
trying
to
do
point-to-point
radio
wireless
until
they
can
do
some
kind
of
wireless
distribution
of
it.
A
E
G
Sally,
I
could
speak
about
the
poll
attachment
issue
from
a
canadian
perspective.
We
had
a
we
pay
to
go
on
polls
in
in
our
communities.
We
pay
about
22,
we
we're
paying
about
22
dollars
per
pole,
but
last
year
the
ontario
energy
board
doubled
that
that
rate
well
mind
you,
there
hadn't
been
a
rate
increase
since
2007,
but
that's
something
that
you
have
to
consider.
G
B
And
I
don't
know
somebody
just
asked
about
starlink,
but
I
think
it's
worth
addressing
for
a
quick
second,
which
is
a
low
earth
orbit
satellites
that
are
coming
online,
we're
starting
to
see
some
tests
and
will
made
a
comment
that
it
could
be
a
good
backhaul
solution,
and
I,
I
think
that's
a
good
way
to
think
about
it.
I
think
it's
going
to
be
too
expensive
for
many
of
these
communities
to
rely
on
for
every
individual
person
to
get.
B
I
also
don't
think
we're
going
to
see
the
capacity
from
these
to
connect
everyone
in
a
given
area.
We'll
only
see
them
able
to
connect
the
proportion
of
those
for
a
portion
of
those
people
because
they
don't
have
the
ability
to
serve
a
limitless
number
of
people
within
a
say,
50
mile
radius.
They
have
a
certain
number
of
people
they
can
serve
and
so
to
the
extent
that
you
could
build
a
network,
particularly
if
you're
in
a
more
remote
area,
and
then
you
could
get
one
or
two
connections
from
starlink
to
provide
that
back
hole.
B
F
A
I
I
have
one
just
kind
of
basic
empowerment
of
community
leaders
for
anyone
bumpy,
either
in
your
experience
or
dustin
and
chris
what
you've
observed
of
a
lot
of
people,
maybe
especially
people
who
just
got
access
to
spectrum.
They
are
kind
of
starting
from
square
one.
Maybe
are
overwhelmed
or
don't
really
know
what
the
first
step
is.
And
so
you
know
you
kind
of
hit
these
broad
themes
of
like
community
buy-in
and
but
what
is
the?
I
D
I
think
the
same
way
that
we
we
we
had
the
opportunity
you
know
is
is
to
you
know
in
in
what
happened
to
the
village
is
probably
probably
going
to
be
duplicated.
In
waianae,
with
the
homeless
community
turned
land
owners.
Now
they
got
20
acres
of
their
own
land
that
they
bought,
so
there
be
about
300
people
that
was
on
the
beach
will
be
moving
up
to
the
property.
D
But
it's
it's.
You
know
james
is
part
of
the
group,
the
hui
as
well,
and
he's
the
direct
connect
with
with
anti
twinkle
and
and
the
waianae
population.
But
it's
it's.
You
know
finding
those
kinds
of
of
leaders
that
you
know
when
I
remember
when
I
first
met
james
and
auntie
twinkle.
You
know
they
came
out
of
the
blue
sky
and
came
visited
us
in
the
village
and
said
you
know
how
you
guys
did
this.
How
did
you
get
land?
D
You
know
what
made
that
happen
and,
and
you
know,
and
we
helped
them
out-
we
we
gave
them
advice
that
that
you
know
normally,
nobody
would
be
able
to
give
them
because
they
had
no
experience
in
that
field
and
auntie.
You
know
she
was
more
of
the
social
conditions
of
people,
so
you
have
a
lot
of
these.
These
pockets
of
of
people
just
need
attention,
and
and
and
unknown.
You
know,
they're
doing
a
lot
of
work
out
there
they're
unknown.
D
We
don't
know
everything.
So
when
you
don't
hear
us
talking
about
anything,
that's
because
you
guys
are
wrong
and
the
experts
are
the
ones
that
that
that
will
be
in
the
details,
so
the
leadership
is
going
to
show
up
it's
kind
of
like
when
the
student
is
ready.
The
teacher
appears-
and
it's
kind
of
like
that
way.
It
has
been
that
way
for
me
and
the
movement
and
spotting
other
things,
but
the
broadband
section
never
did
it
before
in
my
life.
B
One
thing
that
that
I
recommend
is
whether
it's
by
a
text
or
email
or
some
sort
of
group
that
has
a
history-
you
know
feature
of
like
google
groups
kind
of
thing,
but
getting
a
lot
of
the
folks
that
are
on
the
same
page
together,
and
so
they
can
work
through
it.
When
they're
dealing
with
different
vendors,
they
can
share
experiences.
C
A
All
right
great,
so
thank
you
all
for
joining.
This
has
been
a
really
wonderful
discussion.
I
will
be
saving
the
chat
also,
so
you
can
all
access
it
later,
there's
a
lot
of
really
valuable
information
in
it
and
some
really
wonderful
discussion.
So,
yes,
thank
you
all
for
joining.
If
you'd
like
to
connect
with
us,
my
email
is
higgins.