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Description
InterCommunity is a way for the Internet Society community to connect, and to provide a space for discussion of the issues most relevant to people.
Watch the virtual conversation about Fostering Infrastructure and Technical Communities.
Explore the IXP page: https://www.internetsociety.org/issues/ixps/
More information: https://www.internetsociety.org/intercommunity/2020/fostering-infrastructure-and-technical-communities
A
A
So
today
our
voucher
conversation
is
about
enhancing
internet
resilience
through
building
ixps
and
community
collaborations.
We've
seen
many
of
us
turn
to
the
internet,
especially
during
these
difficult
times,
but
also
seen
many
question
the
resilience
of
the
internet.
During
these
hard
times,
we
have
a
very
wonderful
panel
today
ready
to
lead
us
into
a
conversation
and
to
share
with
us
the
work
they've
done
and
continue
to
do
around
the
topic
of
ixps
and
community
collaborations.
A
A
If
you
have
a
question
in
french
and
spanish,
please
feel
free
to
type
this.
Someone
will
translate
those
and
send
them
to
the
moderator
and
then,
at
all
times,
please
keep
your
microphone
on
mute
unless
you're
asking
a
question
and
last,
but
definitely
not
lists.
This
session
will
be
recorded
and
the
link
will
be
shared
with
you
for
future
viewing
and
now
without
further
ado
I'll
hand
you
over
to
our
senior
vice
president
internet
growth,
jane
coffin
to
lead
us.
B
We
have
great
people
here
to
speak
to
you
and
many
of
whom
we
have
worked
with
to
help
build
internet
exchange
points
to
help
govern.
We've
got
great
work
here
with
ahmed
from
pakistan
bijal
from
euroax,
who
is
a
wonderful
colleague
and
we've
done
great
work
together,
both
in
training
and
development
of
ixes,
roberto
from
bolivia
and
jean-baptiste.
B
C
Thank
you
jane
good
morning,
good
afternoon,
good
evening,
depending
on
where
you
are
thank
you
for
making
time
to
join
us
this
day.
This
hour
this
afternoon,
depending
on
where
you
are
first,
I
like
to
recognize
the
fact
that
we
work
for
the
internet
and
one
of
the
roles
that
we've
had
is
the
opportunity
to
make
it
better
stronger
and
the
project
that
we
work
on
at
the
internet.
C
Society
is
called
infrastructure
and
community
development,
which
basically
looks
at
bringing
together
technical
communities
to
help
develop
critical
infrastructure
such
as
internet
exchange
points,
and
we
work
with
a
global
team.
A
team
helps
us
to
do
the
work
across
various
regions,
starting
all
the
way
from
the
asia
pacific
region
all
the
way
to
the
west
of
latin
america
and
the
caribbean
to
the
north
and
of
you
know,
north
america
and
africa
and
beyond.
C
B
Okay,
well,
then,
we
will
skip
over
without
any
further
delay
to
our
wonderful
moderator,
esther
kobina
from
the
london
internet
exchange
point
links.
Lynx
is
a
great
partner
and
they've
done
amazing
work
and
they
are
one
of
the
key
ixps
keeping
the
internet
resilient.
So
esther
without
any
further
delay
over
to
you,
and
thank
you
so
much
for
joining
us.
E
E
So
if
you
could
keep
an
eye
out
for
the
poll,
questions
say
your
answers
and
then
once
we've
heard
from
our
speakers
I'll
go
back
to
the
questions
and
let
you
know
the
results
of
the
poll.
Our
first
speaker
is
going
to
be
ahmed
from
pakistan.
Ixp
and
he'll
be
going
over
some
various
topics
and
he'll
be
talking
to
us
today
about
the
challenges
that
he's
had
with
collaboration
and
partnership
and
also
policy
and
regulations
during
these
unprecedented
times.
Thank
you
very
much
ahmed.
Over
to
you.
F
F
Can
you
give
me
okay?
Thank
you
very
much.
So
currently
we
have
two
ixps
at
in
pakistan,
one
at
islamabad,
which
is
the
capital
city,
and
we
have
nine
operators
in
islamabad,
including
the
ptcl
incumbent
operator
and
talinar
mobile
operator
and
pakistan,
education
and
research
network
and
at
karachi,
which
was
started
in
february
2019
we
have
cybernet,
which
is
the
largest
isp
in
karachi
and
telenor
mobile
operator
and
ptcl
is
also
in
process
of
joining
karachi
ixp.
F
So
these
are
the
traffic
stats
from
islamabad.
Ixp
traffic
is
ranging
between
16
gb
to
10
gb,
depending
on
the
circumstances
nowadays,
due
to
corona
virus
universities
are
closed
and
traffic
of
pakistan,
education
and
research
network
is
very
low
that
which
is
affecting
overall
traffic
of
islamabad
exp,
so
traffic
is
very
low.
So
one
thing
we
have
observed
that
most
of
the
people
are
working
from
home
and
the
video
conference
tool
are
host
hosted
abroad.
So
all
of
the
traffic
is
going
to
through
the
internet
instead
of
ixp.
F
Next
in
pakistan,
we
have
a
perfect
multi-stakeholder
model.
We
have
representation
from
for
the
exp
board.
We
have
representation
from
all
of
the
isps
bandwidth
providers,
regulator,
academy,
a
hosting
site,
cellular
mobile
operators,
islamabad,
isoc,
chapter
and
secretariat
is
managed
by
the
regulator.
F
F
F
So
up
to
this
level,
everything
is
perfect.
We
have
perfect
coordination
among
all
of
the
participants
and
all
of
these
stakeholders,
but
there
is
a
need
to
have
some
good
policy
to
further
improve
this,
like
participation
from
all
isps.
If
we
ask
someone
to
please
join
ixp
at
karachi
or
islam,
but
they
said.
Okay,
let
us
know
whether
it
is
a
regulatory
obligation
or
not.
If
it
is
regulatory
obligation,
we
will
join
or-
and
if
it
is
not,
we
are
sorry
and
same
is
the
case
with
the
cdn
deployment.
F
So
my
point
of
view
is
that
if
having
cooperation
between
stakeholders
and
a
good
policy
are
interrelated,
if
you
have
a
cooperation
between
the
stakeholder,
it's
very
good,
but
you
need
to
have
a
very
good
policy,
and
if
you
have
a
very
good
policy
and
not
operating,
then
it
will
not
work.
So
from
the
regulator
point
of
view,
we
are
actually
working
at
this
stage.
E
E
Thank
you
very
much,
and
I
don't
believe
we
have
any
questions
for
you
at
this
time.
So
we'll
come
back
to
you
in
the
q
a
session
at
the
end.
Now
we're
going
to
have
another
poll
running
before
we
have
our
next
speaker
so
we'll
have
this
running
during
john
baptiste.
I
believe
he's
up
next
from
burkina
faso
and
he'll
be
talking
to
us
today
about
collaboration
and
partnership
and
capacity
building
during
these
unprecedented
times
again
to
stay,
whether
he's
had
difficulties,
etc.
With
that
over
to
you,
john
baptiste,.
G
Thank
you,
hello,
everybody,
I'm
jean-baptiste,
milogo
from
burkina
faso,
I'm
a
good
kind
of
faso,
exp,
executive
director
and
also
working
at
orange
burkina
faso,
our
ipm
palace
team
manager,
so
our
xp
are
grown
from
2015
and
from
that
time
we
was
only
two
kids,
so
a
orange
and
a
government
ict
network,
and
we
grow
from
this
period
to
now
to
15,
14,
ps
and
inside
our
our
piece.
We
have
all
major
player
telecommunication
operator
government
and
provide
isp
as
member
in
our
situation.
Also,
we
are
burkina.
G
Faso
is
a
lackland
country,
and
for
that
we
need
to
cooperate
with
some
cdn
provider,
and
this
is
some
kind
of
thing
we
can
support
our
community
to
to
to
to
offload
some
international
traffic
and
for
our
xp
operation
management.
We
need
those
kind
of
partners
because
die
to
our
situation,
our
country.
We
need
to
to
beat
this
kind
of
thing
so
from
2015
to
now,
as
you
can
see
on
the
graph,
our
traffic
grew
from,
let
me
say,
5
megabyte
daily
traffic
to
now
we
have
around
and
7
gigabyte
traffic.
G
G
We
was
in
a
link
with
isoc
and
died
to
our
situation
in
lockline
country.
It
was
very
challenging
for
us
to
support
the
operation
and
need
for
cash
field,
internet
access,
and
since
this
year
we
got
some
support
from
cash
field
program
from
isoc,
and
this
will
permit
to
support
operation
and
collaboration
already
ongoing
with
national
partners.
G
G
So
from
collaboration
and
partnership,
one
thing
we
found
is
very
important
to
build
an
xp
and
keep
this
infrastructure
very
important
in
internet
ecosystem
in
country
is
capacity
be
doing
for
us
because
we
find
that
I'm
basing
when
we
we
can
run
some
capacity
building
opportunity.
It
is
a
way
to
unify
the
community
and
to
build
and
maintain
a
strong
community
and
gadgets
because
it's
as
you
you
have
seen
before,
we
are
just
two
piece
at
beginning,
and
now
we
are
14.
G
It
means
that
we
need
to
continue
to
to
to
take
an
advantage
and
opportunity
from
capacity
building
and
make
a
team
and
team
maintaining
in
some
attempt
or
energy.
We
also
think
that
when
we
can
run
some
capacity
building,
it
is
a
way
to
develop
the
xp
members,
because
the
others
we
have
haven't
joined
the
team
can
so
that
the
the
critical
emphasis
is
growing
and
they
can
join
the
team
and
buzzy
bases
on
the
team
we
got
on
training.
G
It
is
a
way
to
to
to
launch
a
small
small,
some
kind
of
not
community,
because
the
ixt
team
can
accept
some
support
and
some
support
to
each
other,
and
it
is
a
kind
of
non-community
and
we
think
that
capacity
building
can
support
from
that
way.
So,
and
we
also
noticed
that,
generally,
when
we
run
the
ixp,
the
one
of
challenge
is
the
application
of
best
plastics.
So
sometimes
we
can
run
the
xp.
G
This
mean
that
in
case
when
the
xp
members
is
exposed
to
capacity
building,
it
is
the
way
we
can
perform
the
infrastructure
and
operation
phase.
So
next,
so,
okay,
this.
This
is
an
opportunity
for
me
to
welcome
you
and
pee
with
us
in
our
xp.
So
you
have
here
my
contacts
and
also
a
contact
with
my
colleague
will
fleet
and
our
appealing
details.
We
have
also
all
information
and
we
will
be
happy
to
to
get
you
peering
with
us
in
our
street
fabric,
in
burkina
faso.
Thank
you.
E
E
G
Yes,
so
I
I
think
in
our
case,
the
the
third
thing
is
to
have
a
community
working
together
to
define
how
the
ixp
will
run.
In
our
case,
we
bring
together
all
the
operators
and
we
try
to
show
them
the
operation
and
cost
of
ixp
versus
because
of
international
traffic
or
in
national
peering.
I
think
when
those
thing
was
explaining-
and
we
decided
together
to
to
have
one
members,
we
can
provide
the
the
cost
of
international
bandwidth
to
fill
the
cash
and
basing
on
that.
The
other
will
support
by
cost
sharing.
D
E
G
E
I
was
on
mute,
then
sorry
about
that.
Okay,
great,
thank
you
very
much
and
I
think
that's
all
the
questions
that
we
had
directly
for
you.
I
don't
know
if
we
had
a
poll
running
during
that
session,
I
don't
see
any
results.
Oh
we
do.
The
poll
that
we
had
was
how
can
regulators
and
policy
makers
encourage
local
peering
and
the
overwhelming
winner
for
them
provide
incentives
and
develop
local
policies
that
encourage
operators
to
peer
great?
H
H
H
H
When
we
look
at
this
from
an
ixp
perspective,
you
want
the
ixp
to
recover
quickly,
but
also
you
need
to
consider
the
resiliency.
The
ixp
actually
provides
to
networks
which
allows
networks
to
recover
quickly,
so
isps
provide
residents
in
many
ways,
and
you
know
we
all
know
this
resiliency
should
be
built
in
it.
You
know
shouldn't
be
an
afterthought
because
it
could
be
too
late
next
slide.
Please.
H
H
Good
governance
allows
the
ixp
to
grow
as
it
needs
to,
and
relationships
with
other
rxps,
for
example,
via
their
ixpas
you've
got
affix
apix,
urix
and
lacix,
which
brings
further
experience
and
support
when
needed
things
like
community
building.
You
know
isps
provide
a
platform
for
communities
to
come
together
and,
for
example,
during
this
time
of
the
coronavirus.
H
When
it
first
came
to
europe,
we
held
members
meeting
and
have
done
regularly
weekly
since
to
share
what's
been
going
on
initially.
This
was
obviously
really
useful
because
we
had
the
italian
ixes
who
joined
and
were
able
to
share
their
experience,
but
also
other
ixes
that
had
taken
steps
to
protect
the
ix
and
measures
that
needed
to
be
taken
and
ixps
help
foster
relationships
and
partnerships
with
other
bodies
such
as
isuck
and
pch
and
other
nogs,
for
example.
During
during
again
during
this
time,
we've
seen
ice.
H
He
knog
and
uk
not
bringing
additional
expertise
and
support
for
the
larger
community
and
they've
done
this
by
holding
meetings,
sharing
critical
information,
and
things
like
that-
and
I
just
wanted
to
point
out
that
there's
a
video
here,
it's
the
internet,
revealed
it's
a
five
minute
video
and
we
have
it
in
a
number
of
different
languages
and
it
really
shows
you
what
benefits
and
resiliency
the
ixp
brings
to
the
internet
and
that's
it
from
me.
Thank
you.
E
E
E
E
H
E
I
H
E
E
J
J
We
actually
hold
at
university,
our
very
first
ixp
back
in
2004.
We
have
four
isps
that
were
participant
in
the
project,
plus,
of
course,
the
university
that
was
holding
it.
We
work
it
only
for
two
years.
We
cannot
manage
to
extend
and
get
worse
success
in
this
project.
I
will
say
because
of
the
isp
regulation,
that
by
that
time
it
wasn't
approved,
so
that
was
a
major
thing
that
wouldn't
allow
us
to
continue
with
the
work
and
well.
J
J
Well,
then,
after
a
while
by
2011,
we
we,
as
a
country
issued
a
low,
it
was
the
the
the
current
law
actually
and
it
was
established
there.
The
obligation
of
interconnection
through
a
internet
exchange
point.
It's
called
peat,
which
is
now
the
the
official
ixp
in
bolivia
and
now
it's
running
the
whole
operators
are
running
this.
This
isp,
it
again
had
a
little
bit
of
low
start
it.
It
actually
started
back
in
2013
and
it
I
will
say
that
it
will
full
was
fully
developed
by
2016.
J
J
Well,
by
that
time,
there
were
six
operators.
Now
the
isp
have
10
connected
operators
net
the
content,
generators,
which
is
an
important
actor,
and
I
would
like
to
spread
to
explain
a
little
bit
about
it
and
well.
It
was
a
little
bit
of
a
low
grow
of
traffic
right
now,
just
comparing
how
we
have
a
400
gigabits
per
second
of
total
connection
for
our
country,
and
I
think
we
have
no
more
than
five
gigabits
per
second
in
traffic
regarding
to
the
ixp.
Can
we
have
the
next
place.
J
J
And
well,
it's
important
also
to
acknowledge
that
before
2010,
most
of
the
connections
to
the
the
content
of
these
offices,
I
mean
universities
or
public
offices
were
developed
inside
their
premises,
using
their
high-speed
connections
so
connecting
outside
was
not
the
the
issue.
Most
of
the
information
that
was
allowed
to
a
to
to
get
from
this
great
generate
content
generators
were
were
mostly
by
information
using
their
web
pages.
Can
we
go
the
next
question,
but
after
2010
we
all
know
that
most
of
the
traffic
are
are
being
generated
from
inside
to
outside.
J
J
Well,
and
as
we
can
see,
we
have
a
growing
emerging
requirements,
particularly
of
bandwidth,
then,
of
course
cost
a
lot
of
money
and
in
this
scenario,
it's
really
difficult
to
to
get
through
this.
These
requirements,
I'm
talking
about
internet
services
next,
please,
and
that's
why
it's
important
to
acknowledge.
How
is
the
current
situation?
I
mean
where
the
currency
situation,
without
an
ixp
before
the
the
implementation
of
the
national
xp.
J
J
J
And
I
will
say
that
this
is
the
the
best
deployment
and
when
we
have
not
only
the
operators
connected
to
isp,
but
also
the
the
content.
Generators
like
universities,
for
example,
in
which
all
the
traffic
will
be
preferring
to
go
through
the
xp
instead,
even
the
actual
internet
connections.
Therefore,
getting
all
the
all
the
improvements
we
may
think
about
liberating
the
internet
connection
and,
of
course,
to
getting
better
performance
for
their
connections.
J
Well,
it's
important
for
the
future
of
of
of
isps
not
only
on
my
country,
but
also
in
other
different
situations.
It's
important
think
about
who
makes
the
decisions
about
xpa
administration.
It
could
be
the
telecommunication
telecommunication
regulator
only
the
founding
members,
maybe
the
founder
members
plus
the
new
members,
maybe
the
designated
general
manager.
So
there
are
some
things
that
are
different
among
the
different
experts
next
place.
J
J
When
we
had
our
local
internet
governance
forums,
we
managed
to
to
to
support
actually
the
connection
of
other
smaller
I
experienced
and
after
that,
about
several
months
from
there
we
got
to
to
convince,
I
mean,
as
a
community,
the
the
not
only
the
regulator
but
also
the
head
of
the
sector,
the
telecommunications
vice
minister
to
foster
this
kind
of
connection
and
to
a
kind
of
open
the
possibility
of
connection
to
different
other
smaller
operators,
and
I
think
that's
it.
Thank
you
very
much.
E
And
while
we're
waiting
for
that
we'll
be
moving
on
now
into
our
question
and
answer
session,
these
questions
are
going
to
be
open
to
all
the
members
of
the
panel.
So
anyone
feel
free
to
answer
a
question
you
feel
is
relevant
for
you
or
more
than
one
person
can
answer,
obviously
not
at
the
same
time.
E
F
Sorry
for
that,
actually
we
have
around
100
isps
in
pakistan,
but
we
have
around.
Nine
of
them
are
participating
in
the
ixp
and
we
are
actually
coordinating
with
all
of
the
isps
and
mobile
operators
to
become
part
of
the
ixp,
and
I
I
would
like
to
share
one
example:
we
had
a
board
member
from
the
mobile
operators
and
they
are
also
laying
fiber
at
the
higher
education
commission,
which
is
the
site
for
islamabad
iex,
and
they
do
not
agree
to
participate
in
the
ixp.
So
I
really
can't
understand
they.
F
D
Also
jump
in
esther,
if
you
can
give
me
so
currently,
the
is
isps
are
not
connected.
They
are
not
connected,
so
one
in
karachi
and
one
is
lambda.
They
are
not
connected,
but
perhaps
in
future,
once
we
have
couple
of
more
rx,
as
emma
said
coming
up,
it
would
be
a
good
time
to
rethink
and
revisit
if
there
is
a
need
to
reconnect
them.
The
reason
primarily
is
that
the
ixps
are
are
very.
D
F
Yeah,
actually,
sorry,
I
I
thought
he
is
talking
about
isps
regarding
the
ixp.
Actually,
we
have
selected
higher
education
commission
because
they
have
a
back
hall
from
between
all
of
the
major
cities.
So
so
it's
quite
possible
to
connect
all
of
these
ixps
in
karachi,
islamabad
and
lahore
because
they
have
their
own
back
home
and
but
at
the
moment
the
board
has
decided
not
to
connect
until
and
unless
we
have
increased
traffic
from
each
city.
E
E
E
F
F
Pakistan,
educational
and
research
network
has
two
connected
200
universities
and
they
they
can
have
market
of
200
universities.
Students
of
that
universities,
but
and
one
operator
is
a
mobile
operator-
is
getting
benefit
of
that.
Why
you
are
not
getting,
but
even
then
they
are
not
convinced,
I'm
not
sure
what
is
the
the
problem
behind
it.
But
if
we
say,
if
we
impose
some
regulatory
implications,
then
they
said
okay,
then
we
will
join.
So
it
is
their
internal
matter
which
we
do
not
interfere
at
the
moment.
E
D
So
for
asia,
if
I
can
come
in
quickly
to
answer,
philippine
is
one
of
the
examples
where
we
have
seen
the
national
disasters
hitting
quite
often
and
the
ix
that
is
there.
It's
an
open
ix
and
in
fact
internet
society
has
been
involved
as
well
in
helping
them.
It's
been
a
quite
helpful
instrument
in
terms
of
improving
the
residency.
D
E
B
Esther
it's
jane.
I
just
wanted
to
mention
that
often,
if
you
do
have
a
cable
cut,
maybe
if
you
have
a
submarine
cable
coming
into
a
country,
the
ixp
can
really
keep
local
traffic
flowing.
Even
when
you
have
a
cut
or
if
there's
a
shutdown
in
a
government
area,
the
resiliency
of
the
local
internet
is
maintained
when
you
have
an
ix
or
several
ixps.
B
C
Yeah,
so
that
was
some
time
back,
but
suddenly
what
tends
to
happen
is
that
if
you
have
key
infrastructure
like
dns
servers
and
local
content
like
government
sites,
etc,
that
tends
to
continue
working
and
also
the
outages
on
the
cable
mean
that
operators
will
then
have
to
find
alternative
parts
which
tend
to
become
quite
congested,
and
so
local
content
or
local
access
to
to
locally
hosted
websites
or
content
will
not
be
affected
and
what
people
tend
to
notice
more
is
trying
to
reach
content.
That's
outside
the
country.
E
F
J
G
Can
I
write
something
esther
of
course
yeah?
I
think
at
the
beginning,
our
situation
was
something
like
this.
We
will
have
just
two
members,
because
the
other
isp
and
operator
in
country
there
is
some
some
security
issue
for
some
of
them
and
what
we
try
to
do
is
to
have
some
pre
and
some
non-profit
organization,
which
is
very
independent
from
government
and
and
which
is
in
charge
of
exp
management.
G
E
J
F
Should
I
have
yes,
of
course,
my
point
of
view
is
that
if
more
isps
will
join
the
cost
will
reduce,
because
you
don't
have
to
invest
more,
you
have
already
the
switches
intact
and
you
have
the
same
power
supply
power
and
you
have
the
same
cooling
requirement,
so
nothing
will
add
in
in
the
cost.
So
what
can
be
done
so
the
cost
in
the
end
can
be
reduced
by
dividing
on
infrastructure
cost
into
all
of
the
isps.
F
G
So
I
think
normally,
if
we
have
more
members,
the
operation
cost
must
decrease,
and
I
think
this
is
the
model
we
can
bring
more
members,
because
from
their
side
they
will
reduce
international
costs
and
national
traffic
costs.
If
you
case
our
case
here,
we
have
a
national
cloud
government
cloud
which
is
connected
to
our
switch
fabric.
G
This
normally
is
can
decrease
the
traffic.
We
will
you
you
want
to
to
to
bring
outside
the
country.
In
the
non-exp
situation,
I
think
more
members
will
have
will
decrease
our
cost
and
the
other
thing
we
need
also
to
highlight
it
is
the
customer
and
better
experience,
because,
in
terms
of
latency,
is
very
important
to
show
to
members
that
is
not
only
linked
to
the
cost
that
the
customer
experience
for
the
service
they
are
provided.
E
J
G
G
G
F
F
So
in
our
case
pakistan,
education
and
research
network,
which
which
is
already
connected
to
200
universities,
and
they
are
connecting
to
fiber
fiber
to
ixp.
Then
it
will.
It
is
reducing
the
cost
for
all
of
them,
so
they
are
getting
benefit
of
speed
and
cost,
and
they
are,
they
are
not.
They
do
not
have
to
invest
for
the
fiber,
laying
for
some
other
isps.
H
So
by
joining
the
ixp
you're,
you
know
spreading
the
load
and
at
the
same
time
you
know,
like
has
been
said
before
it
reduces
the
latency
and
end-user
experience
on
the
question
now
on
whether
research
networks
and
cdns
can
join
ifps
in
they.
They
are
welcome
at
ixps
in
in
most
cases,
and-
and
you
know,
that's
really.
The
whole
point
of
the
ixp
is
to
bring
these
networks
together.
So
hopefully
there's
more
of
that.
E
E
J
I
I
will
say
that
if
I
made
the
the
situations
are
going
to
maybe
drive
what
the
decision
will
be.
Usually
when
we
are
talking
about
a
neutral
institution
that
is
going
to
to
host
the
ixp.
Usually
the
shape
is
a
non-profit
organization,
but
in
time,
if
some
other
some
other
breed
or
some
other
people
want
to
invest
in
this,
and
it's
going
to
keep
the
the
cost
low,
maybe
in
charging
the
operators
to
to
get
together.
J
Well,
that
should
be
another
alternative.
Regarding
the
academic,
I
will
say,
the
academic
is-
and
it's
not
always
the
case.
I
want
to
clarify
to
jumbos
baptist
that
in
our
case
in
bolivia,
it's
not
that
the
the
universities
can't
get
to
or
can't
connect
to
to
the
national
ixp.
It's
it's
a
matter
of.
Perhaps
it's
it's
a
natural
connection
between
the
universities
by
them
into
a
assert
of
an
academic
isp
and
then
just
one
one
big
connection
from
this
ixp
in
academic
airspeed
through
to
there.
J
F
F
They
can
become
part
of
that
ixp
through
their
educational
research
network.
So,
regarding
the
non-profit
I
think
and
profit
I
think
non-profit
is
the
best
model
to
start
with,
so
so
to
reduce
the
cost
and
can
have
get
more
benefit
for
from
that.
But
if
we
you
you
put
for
some
for
profit,
so
they
there
will
be
some
commercial
interest,
so
they
they
can
put
in
some
advantages
to
that
they
can
bring
in
cdns
and
some
other
thing.
G
So
I
think
I'll
support
a
part
of
what
I'm
saying.
I
think
we
try
here
to
start
with
a
profit
ixp,
but
it
was
very
challenging
to
set
up
this
kind
of
community,
because
operator
is
generally
competitor
and
isp
is
competitive
with
operator
and
when
we
start,
we
try
to
start
with
a
profit
and
xp.
It
was
challenges.
G
So
that
is
why,
from
our
side,
we
move
to
a
non-profit
and
the
cost
is
not
very
high
and
it's
very
easy
to
manage
it,
maybe
in
the
future,
depending
on
the
evolution
on
the
development
of
an
exp.
If
time
comes
and
we
need
to
change
the
type
of
the
community,
maybe
at
that
time
we'll
decide
and
based
on
the
by
load
we'll
see,
but
for
me
the
best
way
depending
the
context.
It
needs
to
start
with,
non-profit
one
and
and
and
follow
the
evolution.
G
H
Hi,
I
would
just
like
to
again
agree
with
my
colleagues.
Erin
say
that
you
know
in
in
in
general,
isps
at
startup
are
non-profit
because
it's
usually
networks
coming
together
for
a
reason
which
is
either
latency
or
cost
savings,
so
kind
of
trying
to
save
cost
and
then
make
money
out
of
a
project
doesn't
quite
seem
right.
So
you
know,
in
general,
I've
seen
ixp
start
off
as
a
non-profit
and
yeah
they've
been
successful.
E
J
J
I
think
it
was
self-supported
because
there
was
a
mandate
in
the
in
the
new
law
by
back
then
2011.,
so
the
the
operators
needed
to
get
funds
to
start
the
the
isp,
but
I
think
they
got
also
some
support
from
some
other
institutions
like
isa.
Perhaps-
and
that's
that's
the
the
usual
model
in
some
other
cases,
there
are
some
other
ways
to
get
funding.
E
H
Yes,
I
think
that,
from
my
experience
and
from
seeing
what
the
members
do,
they
do
a
lot
of
this.
We
have.
You
know
they
have
ixp
programs
to
come
together,
and
you
know-
and
this
is
also
done
during
the
euro
x
meetings,
where
you
know
different
people
come
together
and
find
ways
to
share
information
and
and
learn
from
each
other.
H
Also,
then,
in
terms
of
training,
we've
had
programs
or
where
isps
have
kind
of
exchanged
offices
for
a
couple
of
days
and
been
in
different
places,
so
they
can
learn
from
each
other
in
in
that
way,
as
well
isps
also
offer
training.
They
do
lots
of
different
training
things
on
bgp
when
we
talk
about
capacity
building
in
terms
of
they
offer
this
through
their
meetings
for
members.
H
So,
yes,
this
is
done
in
lots
and
lots
of
different
ways.
Actually,
eurx
is
also
offering
training
like
marketing
training.
We've
done
for
the
ixps,
where
they've
been
able
to
you
know
get
a
bit
of
it's
not
just
about
learning
about
marketing
or
strategy,
but
it's
also
about
being
able
to
apply
it
and
being
in
the
same
room
with
other
isps
so
that
you
can
learn
from
others,
and
you
know,
share
different
experiences,
and
you
know
this
is.
H
E
E
H
H
It's
not
quite
normalized,
but
maybe
there
was
like
a
huge
excitement
at
the
beginning
where
everyone
wanted
to
get
online
and
you
know,
use
the
internet
and
it's
kind
of
now
starting
to
wear
off.
Or
you
know,
people
are
going
back
to
work,
but
while
there
has
been
an
overall
increase
in
internet
traffic
at
the
ixps,
it
is
starting
to
come
down.
So
it'll
be
interesting
to
see
as
we
go
back
to
work.
What
what
happens
there?
G
This
means,
as
most
of
them
are
connected
on
facebook
and
they
are
discussing
and
sharing
some
kind
of
video.
Some
kind
of,
I
think
what
we
notice
here
is
an
increase
on
global
data
traffic,
but
and
most
of
them,
as
already
in
country
this
was
in
par.
This
was
very,
I
liked
it,
but
some
operator
because
they
have
seen
that
and
it
means
that
and
when
the
guys
are
working
from
home
and
focusing
on
some
kind
of
issue,
there
is
some
clearing
impact
on
what
kind
of
thing
they
are
trying
to
see.
J
And
I
comment
about
our
experience.
Actually,
it's
not
the
best
example
here
in
bolivia
because,
as
I
said
at
the
beginning
of
the
presentation,
the
relation
is
just
about
a
little
above
of
one
percent,
maybe
near
two
percent,
the
traffic
compared
to
the
national
internet
traffic.
But
it's
not
the
same
in
some
surrounding
countries
and
that
are
good
for
the
example,
because
I
think
they
already
have
around
three
three
30
percent
of
the
whole
internet
traffic.
And
talking
about
that
that
percentage,
I
will
say
that
the
increases
are
between
20
to
30
percent.
E
F
F
J
J
Perhaps
some
other
people
will
be
able
to
maybe
the
local
operators,
because
in
in
our
case
there
are
also
local
big
operators
for
for
for
internet
service,
not
the
the
the
traditional
big
ones,
and
perhaps
they
would
like
to
do
that
and
those
will
be
different
from
the
national
isp.
But
of
course
the
idea
afterwards
is
to
connect
all
all
these
desired.
Speed.
E
All
together,
thank
you
very
much.
We'll
move
on
to
our
last
question
for
today
and
that's
from
lameen
from
guinea
isps
are
not
willing
to
join
with
ixps
because
of
the
higher
joining
and
membership
fees.
How
do
we
encourage
the
isps
to
join
with
the
local
isp
would
incent
what
incentives
can
be
used
to
encourage
the
isps
to
join.
G
I
think
generally,
we
need
to
explain
also
to
to
to
the
guys
how
thing
can
work
better
if
they
are
connecting
through
an
exchange
point
inside
the
country
instead
of
exchanging
traffic
outside
via
international
route.
I
think
this
can
be
something
we
can
bring
them
on
the
isp
and
the
other
thing
is
also
to
make
and
some
kind
of
course,
comparisons.
G
If
you
can
talk
them
the
cost
of
opex
and
capex,
when
they
will
continue
to
to
exchange
traffic
via
international
roads
instead
of
national,
I
think
sometimes
they
can
they
can.
They
can
join
you.
The
other
thing
is
to
let
them
know
that
the
development
also
of
interconnection
is
better.
If
there
are
connecting
to
exchange,
I
think
generally
and
more
of
most
of
operator
is
coming
from
sometimes
telco
domain
and
from
this
domain.
My
opinion
is
that
there
there
is
some
natural
competition
every
time
for
between
them.
G
E
A
A
Yeah,
thank
you
so
much
everyone.
This
has
been
such
an
awesome
conversation
and
I
must
say
that
we've
had
a
lot
of
these
inter
communities
and
we've
not
seen
this
much
interaction
in
the
chat
like
today.
So
thanks
so
much
for
staying
engaged,
but
also
for
asking
all
these
questions.
For
those
of
you
whose
questions
have
not
been
answered,
we'll
make
sure
that
we
follow
up
so
on
this
get
involved.
Page
you'll
see
email
addresses
for
jen
michokimwangi
as
well
as
naveed.
A
Please
get
in
touch
with
them
for
all
of
the
other
questions
that
you
might
have
and
we'll
also
have
these
questions
in
one
simple
place
and
we'll
share
this
with
the
project
lead
so
that
they
can
follow
up
with
you,
but
from
all
of
us
at
the
internet.
Society
would
like
to
thank
you
for
joining,
and
we
wish
you
the
very,
very
best.
Thank
you
so
much
guys
and
see
you
next
time.