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From YouTube: Cardano360 - December 2021 End of Year Edition
Description
Throughout 2021, on the last Thursday of each month, we’ve been bringing you all the latest from the Cardano universe with Cardano360. Now, as 2021 comes to an end and we look forward to an exciting 2022, it’s time to take a look back at the incredible year we’ve had. And forward to what is to come.
Join your regular host Tim Harrison as we ask Charles Hoskinson, the IOG team and some of our key collaborators to reflect on an amazing year, and look forward to the year to come.
Happy New Year!
TIMESTAMPS
00:00:15 Introduction with Tim Harrison
00:00:54 2021 in numbers
00:04:22 Charles Hoskinson wraps up 2021 with a look back at all we have achieved
00:15:05 The team reviews 2021 and looks into 2022 and the future of the Cardano ecosystem
00:55:15 Charles’ closing statements and Happy Holidays
USEFUL LINKS
IOG Research https://iohk.io/research/
GitHub activity: https://cardanoupdates.com/
Essential Cardano repository listing ecosystem: https://github.com/input-output-hk/essential-cardano
Cardano docs: https://docs.cardano.org/
Job vacancies at IOG: https://apply.workable.com/io-global/?lng=en
Project Catalyst community site: https://projectcatalyst.org/
Cardano Summit website: https://summit.cardano.org/
Cardano blockchain insights - run by Cardano Fans stake pool (CRFA) : https://datastudio.google.com/u/0/reporting/3136c55b-635e-4f46-8e4b-b8ab54f2d460/page/k5r9B
Learn more about plutus pioneers program: https://testnets.cardano.org/en/plutus-pioneer-program/
Join the IOG Technical Community Discord Server! https://discord.gg/bkJFa8bRWH
Building on Cardano? Let us know about your project! https://input-output.typeform.com/to/IFh9oGLB
Dev Digest: https://mailchi.mp/iohk/devdigest
DEV Telegram Announcements https://t.me/IOdevannouncements
SPO Digest https://mailchi.mp/iohk/spo
SPO Telegram Announcements https://t.me/SPOannouncements
Our Twitter: @InputOutputHK
Cardano Community Twitter @cardano
New Atala Prism Pioneers course: https://atalaprism.io/pioneers/#:~:text=What%20is%20the%20Atala%20PRISM,solutions%20in%20the%20Cardano%20ecosystem.
For weekly development updates bookmark: https://roadmap.cardano.org/en/status-updates/
Cardano Fraud Detection site: https://cfdb.atlassian.net/servicedesk/customer/portal/1
USEFUL BLOGS
Network growth and optimization from John Woods: https://iohk.io/en/blog/posts/2021/11/22/slow-and-steady-wins-the-race-network-evolution-for-network-growth/
Learn more about certification levels for smart contracts on Cardano https://iohk.io/en/blog/posts/2021/10/25/new-certification-levels-for-smart-contracts-on-cardano/
For detailed look on UTXO alliance head over to: https://iohk.io/en/blog/posts/2021/10/15/utxo-alliance-fostering-innovation-and-collaboration-across-the-blockchain-space/
P2P Testnet : https://iohk.io/en/blog/posts/2021/12/08/introducing-our-new-peer-to-peer-p2p-testnet/
Mithril: https://iohk.io/en/blog/posts/2021/10/29/mithril-a-stronger-and-lighter-blockchain-for-better-efficiency/
RealFi:
https://iohk.io/en/blog/posts/2021/11/25/welcome-to-the-age-of-realfi/
All of these blogs and more are published here: https://iohk.io/en/blog/
A
Hello
and
welcome
to
a
very
special
end
of
year,
edition
of
cardano
360.
and,
as
a
remarkable
year
comes
to
a
close,
we're
taking
a
break
from
our
usual
format,
to
celebrate
everything
that
we
accomplished
in
2021
and
to
share
some
of
the
hopes
and
goals
for
the
year
ahead
and,
of
course,
before
we
get
started,
be
sure
to
click
like
subscribe
and
hit
that
bell
to
keep
up
with
everything
happening
in
this
ever
expanding
cardano
ecosystem
through
2022
and
beyond.
A
So
over
the
next
hour
or
so
you'll
hear
more
from
charles
and
also
from
some
of
the
key
leaders
across
the
project.
But
before
we
go
there,
let's
dive
into
some
data
and
look
at
this
remarkable
year
in
numbers,
we'll
start
off
where
we
always
do
with
research.
We've
had
36
research
papers
accepted
and
presented
at
leading
conferences
with
eight
of
those
specifically
created
for
cardano.
A
Our
work
remains
the
most
cited
in
the
space.
So
if
you
want
to
take
a
more
scientific
look
into
the
papers
that
underpin
cardano
development
head
over
to
our
research
repo,
where
you'll
find
over
100
of
them
and
what
of
the
code
itself?
Well,
we've
consistently
led
the
industry
in
the
volume
of
our
output.
We've
had
106
releases
on
public
repos,
with
over
38
000
github
commits.
A
Meanwhile,
we've
got
67
active
public
repos,
which
still
keeps
cardano
as
the
most
active
project
to
date
and
remember:
that's
just
core
work
with
community
tools,
scripts
and
apis
and
a
fast
expanding
dap
ecosystem.
There
are
hundreds
more
repos
out
there
steadily
filling
with
code
from
every
corner
of
the
community.
A
So
does
iog
we've
hired
152
new
employees
this
year
and
we're
now
working
entirely
remotely
across
37
different
countries,
speaking
of
which
charles
and
a
small
group
from
the
company
recently
completed
a
tour
of
six
nations
across
africa.
We
shared
the
news
that
we're
planning
to
onboard
33
million
active
users
by
the
end
of
the
second
quarter
of
2022..
A
On
top
of
that,
we'll
have
six
million
verifiable
decentralized
ids
logged
on
our
education
platform
in
ethiopia.
Project
catalyst
is
moving
forward
to
find
and
fund
the
best
ideas
in
the
ecosystem.
We're
now
at
fund
seven
with
a
fund
treasury
of
eight
million
dollars
in
ada.
To
date
it
can
take
the
credit
for
312
fully
funded
projects
with
40
of
those
in
africa
and
over
44
000
wallets
are
now
registered
to
vote
catalyst
just
keeps
on
growing
and
talking
of
wallets.
A
In
december,
we
reached
a
goal
of
2
million
total
cardano
wallets,
that's
up
from
a
million
in
may
this
year.
Over
70
of
aida
continues
to
be
staked
by
more
than
a
million
staking
wallets
handled
by
nearly
3
000
stake
pools
with
hundreds
of
thousands
of
transactions
every
day
a
number
set
to
grow
exponentially
as
the
first
dexes
and
apps
start
to
come
online.
What
about
you?
Well,
you
may
be
one
of
the
newer
members
of
the
growing
community
over
140
000
people
attended
september's
cardano
summit
across
the
virtual
world
and
meetups
across
the
globe.
A
You
may
be
one
of
over
15
000
people
added
to
our
technical
community
mailing
lists
in
2021,
or
maybe
you
came
to
us
via
one
of
the
hundreds
of
millions
of
twitter
impressions
across
the
main,
cardano
and
io
accounts.
You
might
also
have
seen
155
videos
posted
on
the
I
o
youtube
channel
and
hopefully,
you've
been
enjoying
cardano
360.
Throughout
the
year
we've
had
over
1
million
views,
some
impressive
numbers,
but
ultimately
those
metrics
are
just
a
reflection
of
the
vision
and
the
incredible
community
that
drives
us
all
forwards.
A
B
B
Over
the
past
year,
we
have
seen
absolutely
explosive
growth
in
every
metric.
One
could
measure
from
transaction
volume
to
the
population
of
cardano
to
releases,
and
the
purpose
of
this
episode
is
to
kind
of
review
the
year
and
then
discuss
it
where
we're
going
to
go
and
how
we're
going
to
get
there
in
the
beginning.
B
Since
that
time
we
announced
five
eras,
the
byron
era,
the
shelley
era,
the
gogan
era,
the
basho
era
and
the
volterra
era,
and
we
are
well
on
our
way
to
complete
basho
and
voltaire
next
year,
as
well
as
iterate
and
refine
the
things
that
have
come
in
the
past.
For
example,
the
staking
experience
with
shelley
and
the
smart
contract
development
experience
with
gogen.
B
What
have
we
learned?
Well,
first,
we
iterated
and
refined
the
model
that
bitcoin
gave
us
and
the
model
that
ethereum
gave
us
with
bitcoin.
It
brought
great
innovations
like
an
open
permissionless
network,
where
millions
of
people
can
actively
participate
in
running
a
global
financial
system
and
things
like
the
utxo
model,
things
like
bitcoin
scripts.
These
were
all
great
ideas,
but
they
didn't
go
far
enough
in
order
to
enable
the
things
that
you've
come
to
know
and
love
like
nfts
and
dexes
and
d5
in
the
case
of
ethereum.
B
That
gave
us
a
beautiful
view
into
how
to
do
smart
contracts
and
how
to
build
a
global
system
around
concepts
of
permissionless
programmable
finance.
But
again,
there
are
many
issues
there,
such
as
over
expressiveness,
which
has
resulted
in
many
security
concerns,
10.5
billion
dollars
worth
of
defy
hacks
and
a
litany
of
other
problems.
In
addition
to
that
resource
issues,
for
example,
the
gas
cost
that
many
people
mentioned.
B
So
we
took
a
look
at
these
two
things
and
we
kind
of
predicted
the
technological
bets
that
we
needed
to
make
and
2021
was
really
one
of
the
first
years
where
those
bets
came
to
reality.
They
were
not
aspirational
anymore.
We
were
actually
able
to
deploy
things
like
the
marion
alonzo
hard
fork,
and
since
we
deployed
mary
there's
now
over
2
million
assets
issued
on
cardano
as
this
model
grows
and
gets
refined.
B
When
we
look
to
the
financial
future,
we
say
what
is
necessary
for
things
to
have
3
billion
users,
5
billion
users,
what
is
necessary
for
a
world
financial
operating
system?
We
need
this
kind
of
technology,
we
need
this
kind
of
infrastructure
and
I'm
very
glad
that
this
year,
we've
really
seen
enormous
progress
towards
that
end.
We've
had
great
conversations
with
partners
throughout
the
year.
B
In
fact,
this
was
really
the
year
of
partnerships,
everything
from
the
fortune
250
with
dish
where
just
a
single
deal
is
going
to
bring
in
eight
million
users
into
the
cardano
ecosystem
to
start
with,
and
hopefully
we
can
scale
that
across
all
of
the
infrastructure,
to
partners
throughout
africa.
In
fact,
our
director
for
african
operations
been
to
more
than
20
countries
this
year
in
africa.
I
personally
went
to
six
countries
this
year
from
south
africa
to
egypt
every
place.
B
Next
year,
we
will
see
the
realization
of
things
that
have
been
near
and
dear
to
me,
since,
before
cardano
even
existed
2014
I
gave
a
ted
talk
where
I
talked
about
things
like
microfinance
and
remittances
and
how
predatory
these
rates
can
be
18
to
15
percent
on
average
for
remittances
and
35
to
85
percent
interest
on
average
for
microfinance
transactions
next
year.
The
first
microfinance
transactions
on
cardonal
will
start
happening
and
those
lending
rates
will
be
significantly
lower
in
many
cases
than
the
markets
they're
nestled
within.
B
In
addition
to
that,
we've
seen
enormous
innovation
in
fields
like
algorithmic
stable
coins.
This
year
we
announced
jet
a
paper
that
we
wrote
in
collaboration
with
many
scientists,
and
that's
going
to
be
brought
to
market
through
partners
like
cody
and
jed
will
enable
combined
with
all
the
magic
of
cardano,
in
our
view,
a
very
beautiful
and
resilient
peer-to-peer
micro-finance
marketplace
that
will
penetrate
markets
like
kenya
and
many
others
throughout
the
african
continent.
B
So
this
is
just
a
sampling
of
things
and
it's
really
been
remarkable
to
see
things,
wake
up
and
come
alive.
When
we
began
this
year
there
were
about
half
a
million
active
users
in
cardona.
Now
it
looks
like
we
have
more
than
a
million,
perhaps
even
two
million,
depending
upon
how
one
counts
it
from
active
stake,
accounts
to
social
media
signals,
we've
been
in
every
major
publication.
B
We've
had
great
interviews
across
the
board
from
the
new
york
times
to
lex
friedman,
and
it's
really
remarkable
to
see
how
big
the
community
has
gotten
passionate.
The
community
has
gotten.
We
are
really
growing
at
a
rate
that
has
even
exceeded
my
expectations,
so
the
mission
is
clear:
the
work
continues.
We
continue
to
write
papers.
I
think
we
wrote
35
this
year
give
or
take
and
we
continue
to
write
code.
We
continue
to
make
major
releases
and
when
we
looked
at
2022
really
the
big
challenge
will
be
transitioning
to
a
massive
open
source
project.
B
While
the
code
of
cardano
has
always
been
open
and
open
source,
it
has
really
been
the
provenance
of
custodial
entities.
Those
entities
are
pulling
back
and
now
we're
seeing
a
large
decentralized
government
forming
over
the
cardinal
protocol,
and
this
is
the
biggest
priority
of
2022
and
the
hallmark
of
the
volterra
era.
With
catalyst
we've
seen,
tens
of
thousands
of
people
actively
participate
in
voting
we've
seen
tens
of
thousands
of
people
actively
participate
in
funding
over
300
different
ventures,
but
that
can
go
so
much
further.
B
We
have
seen
over
30
cardinal
improvement
proposals,
written
probably
more
than
100
will
be
written
next
year.
Standards
are
forming
many
different
philosophies
and
opinions
about
the
direction
and
focus
of
cardano
are
materializing
in
some
cases
contradictory.
In
some
cases,
the
need
to
be
debated.
The
point
of
next
year
is
to
build
all
the
infrastructure
so
that
the
ecosystem
has
that
capability
and
we
are
able,
as
one
community
one
family,
to
work
together
in
order
to
advance.
B
The
next
level,
if
we
truly
have
the
intention
to
build
something
with
a
billion
plus
users,
we
need
a
government
that
represents
each
and
every
one
of
those
billion
plus
users.
That
is
going
to
be
a
massive
focus
of
next
year
and
a
big
struggle
of
next
year.
In
the
meantime,
there's
an
enormous
amount
of
parallel
effort,
as
many
of
you
know,
mithril
and
hydra
are
huge
commercial
priorities
and
we've
been
working
on
them.
As
many
of
you
know,
we
continue
to
work
on
the
smart
contract
model.
B
Side
chains
are
coming
to
add
ethereum
interoperability
and
legacy
programming
support
through
yella.
As
many
of
you
know,
we
continue
to
even
refine
the
shelley
model
with
things
like
input,
endorsers
and
pipelining
partial
delegation,
and
hopefully
other
innovations
such
as
proxy
keys.
So
all
of
these
things
are
working
in
parallel.
More
than
12
development
companies,
now
working
together
as
one
family
under
one
large
open
source
project
to
deliver
the
future.
B
It
has
been
a
whirlwind
and
it's
just
hard
to
quantify
all
the
things
that
have
happened
this
year
in
the
prior
years
and,
what's
truly
astounding
to
me,
is
we're
probably
going
to
do
considerably
more
in
2022,
which
is
extraordinary
because
we
were
so
busy
this
year
and
it's
hard
to
imagine
doing
more
work.
But
that's
just
the
reality.
B
It
is
extraordinary
to
see
so
many
people
working
in
parallel
towards
one
singular
mission
and
the
enormous
success
that
each
and
every
one
of
you
has
achieved
there
will
be
frustrations.
There
will,
of
course,
be
unexpected
events.
There
will
be
failures,
trials
and
tribulations,
and
that's
okay,
because
it
makes
the
journey
worthwhile
and
along
the
way
you
make
some
friends.
B
You
make
a
few
enemies
and
you
piss
some
people
off,
but
that's
why
we
do
what
we
do
and
I
couldn't
have
done
it
without
all
of
you
and
I
couldn't
have
done
it
without
the
amazing
people
at
input
output,
I'd
like
to
turn
it
over
to
them,
and
we
can
hear
a
little
bit
more
about
each
and
every
one
of
the
leaders
in
this
organization
and
the
things
that
they
accomplished
and
kind
of
the
view
of
where
we're
going.
Thank
you
all
for
listening
and
have
a
wonderful
day.
C
We
had
two
major
milestones
this
year
that
I
really
think
are
worth
highlighting.
The
first
is
plutus
plutus
brings
d5
to
cardano.
Plutus
allows
us
to
do
smart
contracts
on
the
cardano
platform.
The
pluto
scripts
are
really
really
powerful
and
they
enable
all
a
whole
range
of
classes
of
application
and
we're
going
to
start
seeing
decentralized
exchanges
and
other
d5
apps
launch
on
cardano.
C
So
that
was
really,
I
think,
one
of
the
greatest
achievements
and
it's
been
a
long
time
coming
so
now
people
can
start
getting
their
teeth
into
this
new
way
of
building
apps,
and
I
think,
that's
probably
really
quite
exciting,
and
the
second
thing
I'd
say
is
less
exciting,
but
really
quite
important
and
that's
been
performance
enhancements
to
the
network.
So
we've
finally
been
able
to
get
to
a
point
where
we
can
start
tweaking
parameters
and
start
easing
out
the
maximum
possible
performance
from
the
network.
We
want
transactions
to
go
through
as
quickly
as
possible.
C
We
want
people
to
have
to
wait
short
times
and
we
want
folks
who
are
building
defy
apps
to
be
able
to
do
the
maximum
possible
with
those
scripts.
So
these
performance
enhancements
that
we
put
in
place
are
really
going
to
allow
maximum
potential
out
of
the
cardinal
platform
as
we
move
forward
in
2022..
G
So
I
think,
for
b,
the
most
significant
milestone
that
sticks
out
of
my
mind
was
our
trip
to
africa.
So
we
visited
six
different
nations,
john
o'connor
set
it
all
up,
he's
been
in
africa
for
a
couple
of
years
and
we
were
able
to
go
and
actually
see
for
the
first
time
all
of
us
as
a
team,
the
the
appetite
for
blockchain,
the
openness
for
blockchain
from
world
leaders.
G
We
went
and
met
the
president
of
burundi
who
was
very
excited
about
blockchain
technology
and
how
could
actually
change
the
actual
systems
in
which
they
actually
operate.
We
worked
with
the
world
mobile
chain
to
connect
the
people
and
build
build
first,
the
systems
of
connection
and
then
the
other
layers
on
top
of
it
when
it
comes
to
identity
solutions
when
it
comes
to
microfinance
when
it
comes
to
wallets
and
transferring
transferring
essentially
data
and
value
through
decentralized
means.
G
There
is
a
complete
openness
in
africa
for
this
technology
and
to
see
that
country
after
country
that
we
visited
not
just
on
the
government
side
but
on
the
enterprise
side.
That
was
just
eye-opening,
and
it
was
also
just
eye-opening
to
see
that
this
is
the
technology.
That's
going
to
change
these
people's
lives
more
than
anything,
so
it's
developing
world
is
going
to
need
this
technology
more
than
the
developed
world.
So
to
see
that
this
technology
can
actually
touch
these
people
empower
these
people
to
empower
themselves.
G
F
This
year
was
an
amazing
year
for
governance
in
cardano,
and
you
know
we
started
with
literally
a
small
pilot
50
participants
in
the
start
of
the
year
and
where
we
are
now,
we
have
the
largest
decentralized
innovation
fund
in
the
world,
with
45
000
register
wallets
and
about
the
same
number
of
participants.
In
our
innovation
platform,
we
have
a
very
competitive
fund
and
now
we're
launching.
F
F
That's
really
exciting.
They're
really
moving
pushing
things
forward,
and
this
was
just
this
year
and
next
year
is
going
to
be
the
year
voltaire
and
you
will
be
able
to
delegate
your
vote
to
representatives
who
can
vote
on
your
behalf
and
you
will
be
able
to
see
access
to
a
dashboard
and
you
can
see
exactly
how
each
funded
proposal
is
performing
and
what
kind
of
outputs
they're
they're
providing.
H
Highlights
from
2021
for
me
have
to
include
the
cardano
summit.
We
brought
together
nearly
200
000
people
in
36
countries.
As
part
of
that
was
a
community-led
initiative.
The
community
had
less
than
six
weeks
to
pull
together
a
series
of
events
and
which
they
did
from
everywhere
from
accra
through
to
zurich,
so
that
was
a
really
impressive
activation
from
my
side.
The
second
element
is
the
on-chain
growth.
E
E
E
E
This
allows
a
server
to
offer
immediate
transaction
processing
to
population
of
clients
again
without
sacrificing
the
security
of
the
main
chain.
Another
milestone
of
2021
was
roboros
chronos.
This
is
a
version
of
the
robotics
protocol
that
obviates
the
need
for
parties
to
consult
with
an
external
clock
and
is
the
first
type
of
such
a
protocol
in
the
blockchain
setting.
I
One
milestone
that
I'm
particularly
proud
of
is
something
that
actually
kicked
off
when
I
started
working
for
iog.
So
that's
the
teleprism
project,
so
we've
been
building
that
platform
for
the
last
two
years
and
we
we
finally
got
a
release
candidate
out
and
yeah.
I'm
hugely
excited
to
see
hundreds
of
companies,
partners
and
the
community
building
on
top
of
this
platform.
J
There
have
been
so
many
milestones
this
year,
it's
hard
to
pick,
one
which
is
really
important.
I
think
if
I
have,
if
I'm
pushed
to
it,
I'd
have
to
say
that
the
alonzo
hard
fork
was
probably
the
biggest
milestone
that
we've
achieved.
It
was
a
really
exciting
rollout
event.
We
all
had
a
lot
of
fun
with
the
with
the
ghost
watchers
party,
as
we
went
from
being
a
ghost
chain
to
being
a
chain
where
people
could
do
useful
work
and
and
of
course,
huge
amounts
of
effort
have
gone
into
that.
J
The
plutus
team
has
been
working
on
pluto's
for
the
last
two
to
three
years.
There's
enormous
amount
of
research
that's
gone
into
that
research
papers,
there's
also
a
huge
amount
of
engineering
that
has
gone
into
taking
the
output
of
those
research
papers
and
making
things
practical
and
the
whole
io
team
has
pulled
together
on
this.
Obviously,
the
node
team,
the
ledger
team,
the
consensus
team,
the
networking
team,
the
db
sync
team,
who've
who've,
been
working
to
support
and
provide
all
the
information
about
the
chain.
The
daedalus,
the
wallets
team.
J
K
So
this
is
francois
herido
from
mutual
knowledge
systems
or
moon.
I'm
very
happy
to
work
with
the
cardinal
community
and
my
main
project
on
cardano
is
a
globe
programming
language.
It's
a
language
to
write,
decentralized
applications,
a
bit
like
bluetooth
or
marlow,
but
it's
not
based
on
haskell.
It's
based
on
its
own
language,
our
implementation
language
scheme,
and
it
works
well
right
now
on
the
site
and
evm
sidechain
of
cardano.
K
K
We
also
want
to
extend
the
blue
language
itself
and
add
more
capabilities
to
it
and
make
it
more
general
or
general
purpose.
We're
also
working
on
formal
verification
for
globe.
Glow
is
a
language
for
depths
and
we
can
prove
interesting
property
about
your
adapts
and
we
have
someone
working
full-time
on
the
formal
verification
of
globe.
D
Okay,
so
the
last
year's
been
a
milestone
year
for
cardano
and
carolina
africa.
We
had
our
first
major
nation
state
deal,
which
was
a
partnership
with
the
ministry
of
education
in
ethiopia,
to
provide
six
million
digital
identities
to
students
and
then
potentially
growing
that
20
million,
so
that
project
is
now
very
much
in
flight.
We'll
be
rolling
out
the
system
the
first
month
of
next
year,
so.
L
So
smart
contract
capability
was
achieved
using
alonzo
and
following
that
we
also
saw
a
tremendous
amount
of
development
by
the
entire
community,
developing
dabs,
as
well
as
certain
different
types
of
jobs
such
as
taxes.
We
have
a
few
nfts
as
well
and
we're
looking
forward
to
more
such
development
moving
forward
into
2022..
L
The
second
aspect
that
we
also
were
able
to
achieve
is
we
rolled
out
the
plutus
pioneer
program,
and
this
is
where
we
started
seeing
one
of
the
first
developments
within
cardano
and
we
create.
We
were
able
to
create
an
educational
journey
for
people
that
weren't
necessarily
very
familiar
with
building
dabs,
or
maybe
they
weren't
so
familiar
with
haskell
or
just
working
with
the
plutus
language
being
able
to
take
them
through
a
journey
into
building
being
able
to
build
dabs
with
prudis
and
launching
it
into
the
ecosystem.
L
I
F
Another
important
milestone
in
2021
was
an
efficient
implementation
of
yellow
that
brought
it
to
the
level
of
handwritten
implementations
of
here.
And
what
is
different
here
is
that
the
interpretation
was
generated
completely
automatically
correct
by
construction
from
the
form
of
semantics
of
your
lf.
M
M
Developing
utxo,
smart
contracts
or
smart
contracts
that
can
run
on
on
the
utxo
model
is
a
definitely
a
a
technical
challenge,
and
I
think
we
did
a
great
job
at
bringing
to
market
this
technology
and
training
the
community.
And
now
you
know
it's
step
one,
and
we
are.
We
are
going
to
keep
improve
the
language
and
make
it
more
accessible,
but
that
was
definitely
a
great
achievement.
N
N
We
started
the
year
with
with
an
idea
in
our
head
about
milo
run,
which
is
the
client
code
for
milo
contracts
running
on
cardano
and
by
the
middle
of
the
year.
We
built
we
built
that
running
on
a
simulated
back
end,
including
the
pav,
and
we're
expecting
to
be
rolling
that
out
on
main
net
next
year.
N
N
Secondly,
what
happened
we
got
pluses
out
there.
We've
now
got
contracts
running
on
cardano
and
that's
fantastic.
I
mean
it's
been
something
a
lot
of
people
have
been
waiting
for
and
we're
really
pleased.
That's
there
and
what's
more,
we've
got
daps
running
on
cardano
using
those
smart
contracts,
people
can
build
whole
applications.
N
A
So
far,
we've
implemented
the
primitives.
There
are
other
contractors
working
on
the
nodes
in
in
2022.
One
of
the
things
we're
going
to
be
looking
at
is
how
to
continue
to
improve
the
primitive
for
even
smaller
signature
sizes,
as
well
as
how
to
build
a
test
lab
that
can
comprehensively
test
any
new
node
that
we
or
others
might
develop
in
the
future.
This
will
lead
to
a
much
more
stable
environment
and
a
more
predictable
environment
of
nodes.
Moving
forward.
O
So
the
last
year,
2021
was
a
really
exciting
year
for
education.
We
didn't
do
what
we
normally
did.
This
long
term
haskell
course
10
months
on
the
ground
due
to
the
pandemic,
but
everything
was
under
the
umbrella
of
pluto's,
because
alonso
came
out.
It
was
a
very
exciting
happening
for
for
cardano.
Obviously-
and
I
taught
pluto's
to
thousands
of
engineers
in
a
massive
online
course,
which
was
a
great
challenge
and
I
still
can't
believe
how
successful
it
turned
out
to
be
because
pluto's
was
still
very
rough
around
the
edges.
O
So
from
week
to
week,
things
changed
and
the
pioneers
had
to
adapt
to
that.
But
there
was
this
great
spirit
in
the
community
that
they
all
pulled
together
and
helped
each
other,
and
that's
maybe
one
of
the
nicest
outcomes
of
of
these
courses.
Apart
from
teaching
people
how
to
use
pluto's
that
that
we
built
this
great
community
of
enthusiasts,
who
want
to
learn,
pluto's
want
to
write
exciting
projects
in
pluto's
and
help
each
other
support
each
other
answer
each
other's
questions.
O
And
then,
of
course
I
I
do
miss
my
long-term
high
school
courses.
So
hopefully,
next
year
we
plan
to
go
to
ghana
for
10
weeks,
and
I
can't
wait
to
do
that
because
I
always
enjoy
this
also
person-to-person
teaching
and
when
you
can
actually
look
the
students
in
the
eyes
and
individually,
sit
next
down
to
them
and
and
check
their
progress
and
answer
their
questions.
So
I'm
very
excited
about
that.
But
of
course
the
pioneer
programs
will
go
on
so
this
year
we
didn't
only
do
pluto's.
O
G
The
future
2022
is
going
to
be
absolutely
wild,
so
it's
really
going
to
be
an
opening
up
of
cardano
to
fully
the
community.
So
we're
I'm
I'm
participating
in
helping
to
understand
what
the
entire
cardano
as
an
open
source
project
really
looks
like
so
that'll
include
project
catalysts
it'll
include
a
decentralized
governance
system
that
actually
contemplates
what
the
constitution
is
or
what
the
rules
of
engagement
are
for
an
entire
ecosystem.
G
We're
going
to
see
a
lot
more
optimization
when
it
comes
to
how
to
vote
when
it
comes
to
voters,
understanding
proposals
that
are
being
submitted
to
them
better,
so
we're
going
to
really
be
advancing
the
notion
of
meaningful
participation
and
the
cardano
community
is
really
going
to
be
taking
taking
over
and
we're
going
to
see
a
bureaucracy
being
built.
So
I
always
liken
everything
to
the
internet.
G
Industry
consortiums
will
be
formed
for
cardano
you're,
going
to
see
that
sort
of
just
our
traditional
open
source
model
sort
of
similar
to
the
linux
foundation
model
really
really
start
to
advance.
Catalyst
is
just
going
to
continue
to
optimize
and
advance
more
and
more
different
enterprises
and
startups
are
going
to
be
building
on
cardano.
So
next
year
is
really
just
the
it's
just.
G
The
whole
system
is
going
to
ignite
in
such
a
way
that
it's
it's
going
to
be
pretty
overwhelming
to
people,
but
at
the
same
time
we
have
these
optimization
mechanisms
that
we're
putting
in
place
to
actually
make
sure
that
we're
moving
forward
together
in
a
sort
of
systematic
programmatic
process
where
we're
all
able
to
participate
in
the
ecosystem
together
to
build.
Essentially,
what
is
the
future
of
cardano
and
web3
applications
really.
C
C
The
first
is
decentralizing
the
network
layer
in
cardano
at
the
moment
block
production
in
cardano
when
we
make
a
new
block.
That's
decentralized,
however,
we're
I
o
still
have
kind
of
a
relays
involved,
we're
still
involved
in
the
network
layer.
So
we
want
to
pull
ourselves
out
of
there
and
make
sure
that
that's
completely
decentralized
and
to
do
that.
We're
enhancing
the
network
of
two
core
technologies.
C
C
Additionally,
we're
also
going
to
be
looking
at
governance,
we're
going
to
be
looking
at
scaling
and
side
chains,
thinking
about
things
like
hydra
thinking
about
things
like
the
ethereum
virtual
machine,
sidechain,
potentially
to
run
solidity
contracts
and
then,
finally,
the
rest
of
the
year
will
be
focusing
on
scaling
and
performance
enhancements.
So
how
can
we
tweak
the
network
in
order
to
get
the
maximum
possible
performance
out
of
it?.
F
Last
year
we
funded
hundreds
of
projects
next
year
we're
going
to
fund
thousands
of
projects.
You
know
last
year
we
rent
funds
of
eight
million
dollars
next
year.
We're
gonna
run
funds
for
tens
of
millions
of
dollars,
and
last
year
we
were
recovering
and
exploring,
and
this
coming
year
we're
gonna
have
confidence
and
coordination
and
professionalism
and
level
up
everything
we're
doing
on
a
much
larger
scale
in
quality.
F
All
right.
Last
year
we
had
around
10
of
ada
participating
in
governance,
which
is
an
incredible
number
next
year,
we're
going
to
have
much
much
much
higher
percentage.
It's
not
just
about
you
as
an
individual
that
need
to
go
through
thousands
of
proposals,
but
you
will
be
empowered
through
voter
delegation
to
pick
a
person.
You
trust
that
can
do
that.
Work
for
you
or
represent,
represent
you
and
your
voice,
and-
and
you
will
also
have
this
amazing
access
to
a
dashboard
that
will
give
you
all
the
information
about
the
performance
of
all
the
funded
proposals.
H
I'm
pleased
to
be
able
to
share
that
the
board
has
recently
agreed
in
principle
marketing
strategy
for
2022
and
beyond.
This
can
be
quite
cleanly
distilled
down
into
five
elements:
three
elements
and
two
elements
respectively:
five
strategic
objectives
which
are
adoption,
legislation,
standards,
governance
and
partnerships,
three
strategic
approaches
which
is
education,
empowerment
and
alignment,
and
two
missions,
which
is
the
positive
advancement
of
the
cardano
protocol
and
becoming
the
future
financial
and
social
operating
system
for
the
world.
H
E
E
E
E
I
Well,
yeah
2020
is
the
year
that
cardano
will
blossom.
I'm
really
really
excited
because
we've
got
lots
of
things
in
the
pipeline
that
will
boost
the
the
capacity
of
of
the
main
chains
of
features
like
pipelining
and
input
endorses
on
on
layer.
2
we'll
also
release
the
first
version
of
hydra
really
focused
around
two
use
cases
so
enabling
off
chain
computation
for
applications
like
dexes
and
nft
marketplaces,
also
enabling
micro
payments
yeah.
Besides
that,
you
know
we're
looking
to
lower
the
barriers
of
entry
on
actually
building
on
cardana,
so
we'll
provide.
I
You
know,
multiple
options
for
people
to
build
gaps,
for
example,
enabling
solidity
developers
to
actually
put
their
applications
and
run
those
on
the
sidechain
on
cardano
yeah.
So
I'm
very,
very
excited
we've
already.
We've
got
hundreds
of
gaps
building
on
cardano
and
at
the
end
of
2022
there
will
definitely
be
thousands
of
dapps.
I
J
Trendy
h2
we're
heading
in
a
really
great
direction.
We've
built
the
framework
for
running
dx
on
cardano
we've.
We've
now
got
a
very
solid
basis
through
the
plutus
core
and
then
through
the
pluses
application
back
end.
We're
seeing
people
rolling
out
some
exciting
new
deaths.
Look
very
much
looking
forward
to
see
what
happens
over
christmas,
I'm
not
going
to
get
a
break
to
watch
tv,
I'm
going
to
be
too
sitting
up
and
watching
what
what
happens
on
cardano
yeah.
J
That's
going
to
be
my
christmas
break
right
and
then
looking
forward
into
2022.
What
we'll
see
is
people
building
on
this
basis?
They'll
they'll
be
rolling
out
and
even
more
complex
applications.
We've
seen
people
rolling
out,
swap
applications,
dx's
we'll
be
seeing
all
kinds
of
smart
contracts
being
used
on
cardano,
and
we
we're
going
to
have
to
respond
to
that.
So
the
t,
the
engineering
team,
is
very
much
looking
forward
to
the
challenge
of
taking
what
we've
built
so
far
and
extending
it
expanding
it.
K
For
2022,
I'm
most
excited
about
making
glow
available
in
production
and
bluetooth.
Right
now
to
write
your
software
in
twitter,
you
have
to
basically
write
author
in
haskell.
It's
great!
Actually,
it's
very
powerful,
but
it's
not
for
everyone
and
glow
is
a
solution
for
a
much
easier
and
more
accessible
language
to
allow
people
to
write
software
for
for
produce
in
the
future
and
for
now
for
the
easy
embedded
future.
For
this,
we
also
have
people
working
on
formal
verification
for
globe
to
that.
K
Your
contract
will
be
proven
correct
by
default
for
a
whole
lot
of
correctness
criteria
and
to
eliminate
a
whole
lot
of
bugs
that
people
commonly
make
in
their
dabs.
And,
of
course,
we
have
this
avroom
project
account
view
on
utxo
model
that
solves
the
problem
that
all
utics
or
blockchains
have
that
they
only
make
it
easy
for
one
person
to
access
any
given
contract
that
in
any
block
and
a
lot
of
people
have
visual
purpose
solution
to
this
problem.
D
So
next
year
is
really
going
to
be
all
about
realflight
real
fire
is
our
thesis
that
we
want
to
create
real
world
economic
value
by
plumbing
up
cryptocurrency
liquidity
to
real
world
lending
and
credit
opportunities.
This
creates
impacts
across
the
world.
It
drives
down
the
interest
rates
in
borrowing
markets
in
countries
like
kenya,
ethiopia
and
uganda,
and
it
also
enables
people
across
the
world
to
hold
cryptocurrency
to
generate
a
real,
significant
return,
whilst
creating
economic
impact
all
across
the
world.
D
Building
on
this,
we'll
also
be
looking
set
up
a
bespoke
fund
which
can
invest
in
companies
which
are
building
out
this
real
fight,
ecosystem
and
apparatus.
So
this
will
be
like
a
graduation
class.
After
people
have
completed
our
already
existing
catalyst
program,
you
get
unrestricted
financing
from
catalyst
and
then
afterwards,
you
can
look
for
larger
checks,
larger
ticket
sizes
coming
from
this
bespoke
fund.
D
With
this,
we
hope
to
enable
a
whole
new
generations
of
africans
to
build
on
cardano
and
to
build
to
be
the
next
unicorn
which
could
be
listed
on
the
cape
town,
stock
exchange
or
potentially,
the
new
york
stock
exchange
within
the
solutions
team
in
iowa
africa.
We
also
have
pipeline
of
40
million
users
by
the
end
of
q2
of
next
year,
so
also
expect
to
see
more
deals
like
the
ministry
of
education.
These
large-scale
adoption
deals
so
2021
was
proving
the
model.
L
So
moving
forward
from
2021
we're
going
to
be
seeing
a
lot
more
community
engagement
as
well.
We
want
to
create
a
function
of
developer
experience
within
our
ecosystem
as
well,
because
in
the
space
of
user
experience,
when
we
have
when
we're
dealing
with
developers,
we
need
a
developer
experience
function
to
gather
all
of
the
user
feedback
that
we
have
coming
from
the
community
and
then
be
able
to
incorporate
that
into
our
features
as
well
as
into
our
product
roadmap.
L
So
developer
experience
will
inform
all
of
the
actions,
as
well
as
the
features
that
are
required
to
go
into
our
roadmap
and
that
that
is
what
will
drive
all
kinds
of
technological
implementation
moving
forward
into
2022..
So
that's
something
that
I'm
really
excited
about
and
I'm
looking
forward
to
seeing
more
of
that
happen
in
the
future.
So
in
2022.
I
The
pluto
semantics
project
that
we're
doing
is
huge,
that's
going
to
enable
us
to
do
full,
formal
verification
using
k
to
get
those
level
three
certification
projects
and
that
you
know
that
leads
to
what
I
said
before
about
a
whole
new
level
of
security,
a
higher
bar
and
high
quality
high
assurance
dapps
driving
the
whole
cardano
mission
forward.
We
have
the
same
mission,
so
it's
it's
looking
really
good.
I
F
I
F
A
A
We're
hoping
to
take
that
further,
which
is
going
to
allow
us
to
reduce
signature
sizes
by
even
more
we're,
also
going
to
be
working
at
the
node
level
for
mithril
to
start
building
out
a
test
lab
that
will
allow
us
to
systemically
test
mithral
nodes
as
they
go
into
development
and
as
multiple
node
implementations
start
to
appear
over
2022..
The.
M
Next
step
for
cardano
in
2022
is
is
to
focus
on
on
scalability,
so
how
we
improve
the
overall
performance
of
the
system
and
how
we
enable
more
use
cases
on
chain
so
we'll
be
first
improving
the
the
stack
itself,
improving
the
network
performance,
and
we
will
also
bring
new
technologies
to
to
add
new
features
through
through
hydra
state
channels
or
bringing
the
evm
through
a
sidechain.
So
so
people
can
leverage
a
different
programming
model
within
the
calendar
ecosystem.
M
So
this
is
a
key
element
of
our
strategy
in
2022
there
will
be
the
decentralization
with
with
the
volterra
era
right
where
we
are
going
to
work
on
an
update
protocol
and
build
a
more
decentralized
consortium
for
the
maintenance
and
development
of
galano,
and
there
will
be
also
many
new,
exciting
project,
in
particular
crypto
byzan.
This
is
a
project
that
I
I
I
really
like,
and
I'm
invested
in
nft
game.
So
so
we
can
look
at
the
complexity
of
designing
those
new
generations
of
of
application
on
top
of
blockchain
ecosystems
and
network.
O
The
next
year
will
also
be
very
exciting
lots
of
new
challenges,
so
we
will
run
more
iterations
of
the
pluto's
course.
We
also
have
to
find
a
way
to
make
it
more
repeatable.
So
the
goal
is
to
eventually
that
anybody
can
just
do
a
mooc
at
their
own
pace
at
their
own
time,
and
then
they
have
time
to
learn.
So
we
have
to
convert
the
material
we
have
now
into
this
form
and
there
are
new,
exciting
technologies
coming
up
and
that
are
almost
screaming
for
pioneer
course
like
a
malo
or
glow
or
yellow.
O
Then,
of
course,
I'm
can't
wait
to
go
to
ghana
to
do
one
of
these
on
the
ground,
haskell
courses
again,
and
that
obviously
always
comes
with
its
own
challenge.
It's
always
interesting.
In
a
different
country
I
mean
the
infrastructure,
the
students,
the
mentality
of
the
students,
so
that's
always
exciting
and
always
new
for
every
new
country,
where
I
do
these
courses,
but
it's
also
a
lot
of
fun,
so
I
can't
wait
to
go
there.
I
think.
N
2022
is
going
to
be
the
year
of
the
smart
contract.
It's
the
year
when
using
pluto's
using
the
the
infrastructure
we've
we've
produced,
we'll
be
able
to
to
see
more
and
more
smart
contract
enabled
dapps
on
cardano,
and
I
think
that's
a
point
where,
as
technology
providers,
we
we
pivot,
we
we
can
think.
How
can
we
get
feedback
on
the
technology
we
delivered,
which
we
developed,
hoping
to
to
provide
the
best
possible
tech
to
support
what
you
wanted
to
do.
N
We'll
also
see
some
other
languages
coming
along
glow
and
the
kvm
on
on
sidechain
and
we'll
also
see
developers
with
marlo
the
marlow
market
coming
along,
which
is
like
a
dap
store
for
milo
contracts,
and
we
expect
that
to
be
a
game.
Changer
it'll
be
a
way
that
people
can
trade,
upload,
download,
simulate
analyze,
milo
contracts,
they've
written
themselves
or
take
a
pre-written
contract
and
and
assure
themselves
of
its
behavior
inside
the
market.
N
And
talking
about
assurance,
the
final
thing
I
wanted
to
talk
about
with
certification,
we'll
be
talking
a
lot
about
that
next
year:
three
levels
of
certification,
automated
testing,
audit
and
full
machine
verification.
But
these
are
complementary
and
they're,
not
no
they're,
not
exclusive,
we'll
probably,
we
hope
to
see
people
doing
some
of
some
level.
A
So
there
you
have
it:
we've
broken
down
our
year
by
numbers,
we've
heard
from
the
wider
team
from
charles,
our
partners
and
some
of
our
key
collaborators
on
what's
been
achieved
and
what's
still
to
come,
but
as
we've
heard
so
much
of
this
is
about
you,
the
community,
so
if
you're
not
already
be
sure
to
subscribe
to
our
channels,
follow
us
on
twitter,
facebook,
linkedin
sign
up
to
our
email
list,
get
involved
with
project
catalyst,
contribute
to
a
central
cardano,
just
get
involved.
The
strength
of
the
cardano
community
is
like
no
other.
A
So
let's
keep
that
growing
too
you'll
find
a
bunch
of
useful
links
below
and
if
you're
a
dap
developer,
be
sure
to
check
out
the
survey
in
the
description
as
well.
We
want
to
hear
from
you
and
maybe
get
you
on
this
side
of
the
camera
on
cardano
360
in
the
new
year
now
I'll.
Let
charles
play
us
out,
but
let
me
just
thank
each
and
every
one
of
you
for
playing
your
part
in
our
story
this
year,
here's
to
an
exceptional,
2022
and
happy
holidays
to
everyone
everywhere
from
us
all.
B
B
It's
been
a
very
long
year
from
january
to
december,
and
personally
I'd
like
to
thank
each
and
every
member
of
the
io
family
and
each
and
every
member
of
the
cardano
family
for
sticking
with
it
and
keeping
the
faith
and
pushing
through
it
has
not
been
easy.
There's
been
so
much
that
we've
had
to
deal
with
the
largest
cryptocurrency
conference
in
the
world
with
over
a
hundred
thousand
attendees
the
africa
special
major
releases
like
mary
and
alonso.
So
many
crunch
time
codes.
So
many
weekends
worked.
So
many
events
missed.
B
But
let
me
assure
you
that
the
things
that
made
the
greatness
happen
are
because
the
blood
tears
and
sweat
of
all
the
people
on
this
show
and
the
ones
that
you
don't
see
so
I'd
like
to
personally
thank
them
and
and
really
congratulate
them
on
the
most
successful
year
in
the
history
of
the
cardinal
project
and
also
remind
everybody
that
2022
is
going
to
be
an
even
bigger
year.
There's
so
much
more
to
do.
B
There's
so
many
more
meetings
to
have
there's
so
much
more
code
to
write
so
many
more
papers
to
publish
and
there's
so
many
more
applications
to
build
the
difference.
I'd
say
in
2022
from
2021
is
there's
going
to
be
so
much
more
commercialization
done
by
you,
the
community.
We
already
see
more
than
120
dabs
being
constructed
on
cardano.
At
the
moment.
It's
just
the
first
wave
and
just
like
mary,
when
we
went
from
one
native
asset
on
cardano
ada
to
now
2
million
by
the
end
of
this
year.
B
We're
going
to
see
the
exact
same
exponential
growth
occur
with
the
dap
ecosystem.
There
are
going
to
be
hundreds,
if
not
thousands
of
dapps
constructed
curated
deployed
debated
on
the
platform
next
year
and
it's
up
to
those
dap
builders
to
commercialize
and
it's
up
to
those
debt
builders
to
build
ecosystems
and
communities.
B
But
if
what
we've
seen
already
with
the
more
than
120
that
are
deploying
and
building
is
any
indication
of
where
the
ecosystem
is
going
to
go,
I'm
extremely
optimistic
for
the
future,
and
I
very
much
feel
that
we're
going
to
accomplish
great
things
together.
So
2022
is
really
going
to
be
the
year
defined
as
much
by
you,
the
community,
as
it
has
been
defined
by
the
eras
of
cardano,
from
shelley
to
gogan
and
so
forth.
It's.
C
B
They
started
in
a
lab
in
2015
and
2016,
inspired
by
progress
of
the
last
three
decades
of
computer
science,
and
now,
when
we
look
to
2022,
this
is
the
year
where
we
fully
realize
many
of
the
visions
of
those
three
decades:
the
magic
of
functional
programming,
the
power
of
formal
verification,
the
ability
to
accelerate
auroboris
to
new
levels,
not
seen
before
all
the
concurrency
we're
going
to
gain
the
power
of
interoperability
in
side
chains
through
the
bridges
and
mithral
wonderful
things
like
new
light
clients.
All
of
these
items
are
are
coming.
B
The
other
thing
is
we're
seeing
a
lot
more
agility
and
modularity
in
everything
from
our
technology
to
our
community.
For
example,
we
have
a
great
micro
summit
coming
up
in
the
first
quarter,
which
will
cover
dexa's,
so
we
can
bring
all
of
the
dex
makers
together
and
have
a
great
conversation
about
how
to
share
technology
and
ideas,
design
patterns,
user
experience,
the
regulatory
reality
of
dexa's
and
so
forth.
That's
not
just
for
dexes
there's
going
to
be
many
micro
summits
across
the
board
in
every
single,
defy
area.
Every
single
realfly
area
in
the
cardano
stack.
B
The
same
can
be
done
for
you,
the
community
across
all
of
these
dap
domains.
So
there's
going
to
be
more
community,
meetups,
more
conferences,
more
summits,
more
communication,
more
documentation,
more
content
produced
next
year
than
what's
produced
this
year,
and
this
was
the
all-time
winner.
That's
the
magic
of
next
year.
It's
really
the
year
of
the
community,
and
it's
really
the
year
that
cardano
gets
fully
commercialized
and
we
get
to
see
the
fruits
of
our
long
labors
as
an
ecosystem.