►
From YouTube: Maker Explorer #2 | Crossing the Carbon Chasm
Description
During this session, we hosted Adam Carver from Bitgreen as he shares his organization’s vision for a purpose-built blockchain to solve the world’s biggest problems: climate change, public health, wealth disparity, and others.
Adam Carver:
https://twitter.com/adamcarv
Bitgreen:
https://bitgreen.org/
A
B
Thanks
a
lot
everyone,
buenos
dias,
bondia
and
good
morning,
I'm
adam
and
I'm
the
ceo
of
bitcoin
based
here
based
in
new
york,
and
really
really
excited
to
have
this
conversation
with
you.
I've
read:
roone's
blog
posts
listened
to
his
podcast
and
on
thankless
and
then
also
kind
of
read
a
lot
of
the
material.
B
That's
been
posted
in
the
maker
down
forums
and
spoken
to
some
of
your
team,
and
I
feel
like
there's
a
strong
alignment
between
our
two
organizations
and
where
we're
aiming
to
go
so
I'll,
give
a
little
brief
today
on
bitcoin.
But
I'm
we're
really
going
to
talk
about
what
it's
going
to
take
for
the
crypto
community
to
be
a
catalyst
to
help
the
world
cross.
The
carbon
chasm.
B
B
At
the
university
of
michigan
about
10
years
ago,
so
this
idea
of
vic
green
is
very
much
a
culmination
of
my
education
and
what
I've
been
doing
over
the
past
10
to
15
years
and
a
bit
about
big
green,
so
we're
we're
a
purpose-driven
chain
that
is
specifically
built
for
esg
and
impact.
The
aim
here
is
to
be
a
north
star
that
helps
to
organize
resources,
people
and
ideas
around
utilizing,
cryptocurrency
and
blockchain
technology.
On
behalf
of
the
environment,
we
try
to
avoid
this
rhetorical
question
of
like
what
is
the
role
of
sustainability
within
crypto.
B
That's
like
asking:
what's
the
world's
sustainability
within
energy
or
banking
or
the
political
sphere,
and
that
discussion
very
often
just
ends
up
at
a
dead
end?
Instead,
we
try
to
ask
the
question:
what
can
crypto
do
for
sustainability?
How
can
we
leverage
this
technology
and
our
collective
resources
and
energy
on
behalf
of
a
real
world
issue
that
desperately
needs
our
attention
this
or
this
big
green?
B
D
C
B
Nine
or
ten
we're
kind
of
hiring
every
day.
Now,
looking
for
developers
and
other
resources,
we
raised
five
million
dollars
in
the
fastest
ever
crowdfund
to
five
million
in
history
a
couple
of
weeks
ago
on
republic,
and
our
aim
is
to
be
ultimately
to
participate
in
a
parrot
chain
auction
to
become
a
parrot
chain
on
the
polkadot
network.
B
B
Underlying
our
core
business
and
how
I
tend
to
think
about
climate
change
and
ecological
degradation,
so
this
slide
kind
of
says
it
all
like
we
all.
I
believe
that
most
of
us
have
an
underlying
feeling
of
discontent
that
the
world
is
just
not
okay,
maybe
we're
unable
to
actually
diagnose
what
that
is
and
put
our
thumb
on
it.
But
there
seems
to
be
just
this
ubiquitous
and
pervasive
sense
that
we're.
E
D
B
Ways
we're
moving
in
the
wrong
direction,
and
I
enumerated
a
bunch
of
issues
here
that
we're
all
pretty
aware
of
particularly
around
the
environment,
climate
change
and
species
distinction,
waste
and
garbage
kind
of
a
food
system.
That
feels
as
though
it's
a
bit
toxic
there's
issues
with
public
health,
poverty
and
infrastructure.
B
I
really
wanted
to
add
this
one.
So
the
pew
research
did
a
study
two
years
ago.
They
asked
people
what's
their
interest
in
helping
the
environment.
Seventy
70
of
the
people
reported
of
wanting
to
protect
the
environment
in
their
daily
lives,
yet
only
20
said
that
they
live
out
that
intention
day-to-day
and
again,
I
think
this
comes
back
to
agency
and
how
we
actually
incentivize
people
to
achieve
the
type
of
outcomes
that
we
want
to
see,
but.
B
Here
to
talk
about
carbon,
why
is
that
so
for
better
for
worse,
carbon
is
the
best
proxy
that
we
have
when
we
discuss
environmental
exploitation.
It's
actually
quite
frustrating
for
people
in
the
environmental
sphere,
because
we're
deconstructing
environmental
exploitation
into
just
one
molecule.
Now
that
molecule
is
crucially
important
because,
as
a
greenhouse
gas,
greenhouse
gas,
it's
what
is
basically
propelling
climate
change,
but
I
would
challenge
all
of
us
to
think
not
only
about
carbon
and
carbon
dioxide,
but
carbon
carbon
dioxide,
but
instead
like
what
are
the
other
issues
that
we
have
to
deal
with.
B
If
we
only
focus
on
carbon,
but
we
ignore
call
it
species
extinction,
then
we
haven't
really
ended
up
in
a
better
place.
Although
you
know,
we've
solved
one
problem,
we're
a
bit
playing
whack-a-mole
for
a
variety
of
different
problems
that
humanity
has
to
encounter
and
confront
over
the
next
decades-
and
I
mean
this
is
this-
is
the
graph
that
matters
the
most,
so
we
we
basically
are
able
to
run
simulations-
or
actually,
I
shouldn't
even
say,
simulation-
we're
actually
regressions.
B
That
demonstrates
a
proportionate
increase
in
atmospheric
temperature
to
the
proportion
of
carbon
dioxide
molecules.
Parts
per
million
in
the
atmosphere
and
the
way
that
scientists
are
able
to
do
is
they
basically
take.
They
bore
into
ice
in
the
arctic
and
into
antarctica,
and
they
measure
the
amount
of
carbon
dioxide
in
the
atmosphere.
That's
stored
in
the
ice
against
known
reading,
known
understanding
of
what
the
temperature
of
the
planet
was,
and
we
can
just.
We
can
basically
see
here
that
something
see
here
that
something
is
drastically
off
with
this
graph
and
what's.
B
You've
probably
heard
this
number
before
james
hansen,
who
is
a
famous
nasa
scientist.
He
was
the
first
scientist
to
report,
obviously
to
testify
in
front
of
congress
in
the
u.s
in
the
late
1980s
was
in
1988.
He
was
the
person
who
kind
of
coined
the
phrase
of
global
warming
and
reported
this
to
congress.
D
A
B
B
The
350
parts
per
million
is
equated
to
about
a
1.5
degree
increase
in
degrees
celsius
increase
in
temperature,
but
that's
kind
of
a
pollyanna
assessment,
because
positive
feedback
loops
make
this
somewhat
unrealistic,
and
here
we
see
a
forecast
of
atmospheric
parts
per
million
in
the
atmosphere
based
on
several
scenarios.
The
green
case
is
business
as
usual.
The
best
case
scenario,
which
is
this
like
350,
is
in
pink.
The
hansen
model
is
a
little
bit
outdated
at
this
point,
although
you
know
it's
hopeful,
and
we
can
see,
the
safety
threshold
is
way
way
below.
B
So
this
is
what
we
need
to
be
thinking
about.
Carbon
dioxide
is
going
to
continue
to
climb.
We
absolutely
stop
burning
fossil
fuels
and
then
releasing
greenhouse
gases
into
the
atmosphere.
It's
a
bit
like
pouring
blue
ink
into
a
bathtub,
even
if
we
reduce
our
carbon
output.
Even
if
we
begin
to
increase
the
mix
of,
let's
say
our
energy
capacity
and
introducing
more
renewables,
the
carbon
dioxide,
carbon
dioxide
parts
per
million
will
not
decrease
and
will
continue
to
to
advance
or
propel
global
warming
until
the
ink
actually
comes
out
of
the
bathtub.
B
B
That
are
necessary
to
cross
this
carbon
chasm.
The
first
is,
we
need
to
think
at
a
different
magnitude
and
scale.
We
need
to
begin
contemplating
what
it
means
to
actually
raise
trillions
of
dollars
and
not
billions.
When
we
have
discussions
in
the
billions.
That's
kids
play
relative
to
this
problem.
B
B
And
the
third
assumption
here
is
that
carbon
either
becomes
the
most
valuable
commodity
in
the
world
or
we're,
and
it
needs
to
be
as
valuable
or
more
valuable
than
gold.
It
may
be
bitcoin
and
other
commodities
that
exist
that
exist
in
the
in
global
trade,
otherwise
we're
just
not
going
to
get
there,
and
I
think
that
chamomile
actually-
and
others
have
echoed
this-
that
the
world's
first
trillionaire
is
going
to
be
made
in
climate
change.
And
what
he's
really
emphasizing
as
well
is
that
this
is
a
business
and
an
economic
opportunity.
B
So
that
means
strategy
determining
our
strategy
as
a
protocol
through
a
singular
lens,
and
that
is
sustainability
and
impact
that,
on
a
financial
basis,
that
the
applications
that
the
application
layer
built
on
top
of
bitgreen
and
then
the
initiatives
that
people
will
want
to
pursue
on
top
of
a
bitgreen
have
competition
amongst
themselves.
Amongst
other
impact
projects,
not
impact
versus
non-impact,
not
renewable
energy
versus
like
ford
api
club
right
and.
D
D
B
B
These
nft
projects
are
like
kind
of
kitschy
and
fun,
and
they've
they're
good
for
actually
getting
media
and
articles,
but
they're
just
they're
too
small,
and
if
there
was
another
layer
here
like
another
filter
that
I
would
apply,
how
many
of
these
logos
can
actually
get
us
to
or
contribute
to
getting
humanity
to
that
trillion
dollar
number
or
into
the
trillions,
and
the
answer
would
be
very
very
few.
It
could
be
a
select
view,
you're,
probably
familiar
with
clement
out
or
climadow.
So
I
want
to
discuss
this
very
quickly.
B
It's
a
really
unique
concept:
they
forked
olympus,
dow
and
then,
instead
of
providing
cryptos
like
ethereum
as
collateral
into
the
dow,
the
bonds
actually
buy
carbon
credits
called
face.
Carbon
phase,
carbon
tons,
bct
and
they've
actually
they've
actually
purchased
about
12
million
carbon
tons
into
the
treasury
already,
which
is
really-
and
it's
gotten
a
lot
of
attention.
There
are
a
lot
of
lots
of
articles
about
this.
The
problem.
C
B
That
the
price
of
the
towers
has
collapsed
and
there's
a
lot
of
questions
around
its
feasibility,
as
well
as
the
quality
of
carbon
credits
that
it
actually
buys,
because
the
carbon
credit
is
not
necessarily
the
projects
are
not
fungible.
The
carbon
credits
not
is
not
a
carbon
credits,
not
a
carbon
credit
is
not
a
carbon
credit,
and
this
creates
a
this
actually
creates
a
big
problem
in
the
market
as
well
like
the
dow
here.
As
you
see,
it
has
about
a
forty
thousand
percent
annual
apy.
B
So
what
happens?
Is
that
stakers
earn
the
yield
on
staking
and
then
they
dump
the
coin,
which
then
suppresses
the
price
and
here's
a
criticism
by,
I
would
say,
like
a
pseudo
sovereign
fund,
that
we
talked
about
that
we
talked
to
we've
been
talking
to
for
a
little
while,
and
this
person
has
been
working
in
impact
investing
for
a
while.
B
The
product
that
we're
innovating
is
that
we
want
to
create
a
consensus
driven
and
a
compliant
forward
carbon
contract,
so
this
means
that
it
would
be
a
realized
contract
today
that
represents
the
forward-looking
carbon
credits
produced
from
a
specific
project
in
the
future.
That's
drastically
different
from
what's
currently
available
in
the
market
right
now,
which
isn't.
B
So
what
are
like?
What
are
kind
of
the
attributes
of
this
forward
carbon
contract
so
number
one
is
we're
engaging
with
the
sec
and
the
cftc
to
make
these
contracts
completely
compliant,
and
then
we
hope.
By
doing
so,
we
can
kind
of
stand
in
front
of
other
crypto
projects
and
shield
them,
if
you
will
from
having
to
from
sec
oversight
and
then
providing
kind
of
a
conduit
for
other
projects
to
work
with
us
in
a
manner
that
is
fully
compliant
with
us
regulation.
B
B
On
the
on
that,
on
that
point,
the
current
carbon
credits
value
chain
is
like
incredibly
messed
up,
and
these
are
the
five
major
five
major
milestones
or
activities
that
happen.
Somebody
owns
land
in
the
amazon.
They
find
a
project
originator
who,
frankly,
is
just
a
financier,
because
this
process
is
so
expensive,
they
go
out
and
they
find
a
verifier
somebody
who's.
Like
an
auditor
who
actually
goes
to
the
site
measures.
The
diameter
of
the
trees
counts
the
amount
of
trees
in
a
specific
area.
Then
they
do
some
rather
simple
calculations.
B
Two
hundred
thousand
dollars
depends
on
the
actual
project
scope
and
that
amount
of
time,
as
well
as
the
money,
is
totally
exclusionary
to
many
of
the
communities,
especially
the
local
communities
that
are
literally
sitting
on
the
land
and
own
the
land
that
needs
to
be
protected
and
then,
after
certification,
which
really
is
a
rubber
stamp.
Those
carbon
credits
go
to
the
otc
market
where
there
are
like
brokers
and
others
who
place
them
at
companies
and
other
buyers.
B
The
largest
certifiers
in
the
voluntary
market
are
called,
our
vera
is
one
and
gold
standard
is
the
other
again.
There
are
the
certifiers
here,
the
second
second
or
last
box
from
the
right
and
there's
a
discussion
right
now
amongst
the
crypto
teams
that
are
working
in
carbon
credits,
whether
to
try
to
go
through
and
work
with,
farrah
and
gold
standard,
or
to
circumvent
them
and
use
a
form
of
consensus-driven
certification
for
the
credits.
B
B
B
Most
exciting
here
is
creating
lending
markets
for
local
communities
in
their
micro
economies,
which
really
means
jobs
right.
So
when
these
lands,
if
we
can
provide
economic
welfare
and
livelihood
to
the
people
who
live
on
these
lands,
then
they
may
not
be
compelled
to
slash
and
burn
some
area
of
the
amazon
in
order
to
grow
soybeans
in
order
to
feed
livestock
that
will
become
like
tacos
in
the
u.s
right.
That's
that's.
B
And
what
we
can
ultimately
do
is
pay
people
to
keep
carbon
in
the
ground
and
not
to
extract
it.
And
if
we're
really
looking
for
a
diversified
portfolio
of
carbon
assets,
then
we
need
to
begin
thinking
way
beyond
tokenized
carbon
credits.
But
we
need
to
think
about
innovative
financial
instruments
that
can
ultimately
be
the
collateral
behind
a
stable
coin
that
is
fully
focused
on
carbon
sequestration
and
other
impact
assets.
B
B
B
I
shouldn't
say:
family
office:
it's
either
philanthropy
or
its
large
asset
managers
and
private
equity.
There
are
no
existing
rails
for,
like
retail
or
even
some
small
family
offices
to
get
involved
in
this
marketplace,
which
is
really
depressing
as
somebody
who
cares
about
the
environment.
Just
speaking
for
myself
and
I'm
sure
for
many
people
on
this
call,
I
would
love
to
be
able
to
take
some
of
my
retirement
savings
and
discretionary
income
and
put
that
into
yield
bearing
projects
that
are
actually
creating
a
better
world
and.
B
Which
is
pretty
pathetic
outcome
and
not
very
rewarding
there's
just
no
way
for
me
to
participate
in
this
market
and
bickering.
We
want
to
change
that.
So
this
is
a
pretty
simplistic.
Flowchart
I'll
show
a
better
one
next,
but
what
we're
thinking
here
is
that
we're
going
to
create
a
synthetic
green
bond
market
where
there's
a
token
that's
representing
or
basically
the
token
is,
provides
the
access
into
a
smart
contract
that
has
the
liens
to
some
off-chain
real-world
asset
that
is
impactful.
B
So
here
on
starting
on
the
left-hand
side,
there
would
be
an
investor
that
investor
put
some
a
stable
coin
into
the
bickering
impact
investing
market
that
goes
to
a
smart
contract.
Again,
that's
representing
a
contract.
That's
made
off-chain,
there's
a
there's,
some
collateral
from
that
project
that
goes
into
a
collateral
pool
and
there's
an
exchange
of
stablecoin.
B
So
here's
a
schematic
of
how
the
marketplace
would
actually
work.
I
won't
go
through
the
flow
here.
You're-
probably
very
familiar
with
this,
because
maker
does
some
similar
things
with
with
its
other
projects
but
effectively.
There's
a
borrower
borrower
pool
that
we
can
kind
of
tranch
out
by
risk
on
the
right-hand
side.
B
Are
the
lenders
or
the
investors,
who
are
able
to
put
liquidity
into
the
pool
and
then
receive
a
token
that
they
can
then
go
trade
in
a
compliant
secondary
market
on
the
left-hand
side
are
existing
managers
who
are
already
investing
in
these
impact
projects
and
have
track
records?
It
would
be
infeasible
for
us
as
an
entity
to
try
to
source
projects
and
then
vet
all
of
them
right.
B
B
By
the
way,
there's
a
syndicate
lead
has
an
allocation
and
a
deal
they
bring
into
angelus
as
a
marketplace,
and
then
angelus
provides
the
liquidity,
basically
individual
angel
investors,
who
then
fill
that
allocation
in
the
startup
syndicate
and
then
kind
of
layered.
On
top
of
this
are
a
variety
of
different
like
risk
assessment
engines
and
then,
like
oracles
and
other
data
feeds
that
we
want
to
build
on
chain
and
then
make
available
and
permissionless
for
other
market
participants
to
to
join
in.
B
So
why
is
this
absolutely
crucial
beyond
just
what
we're
doing
with
carbon
credits?
The
only
way
to
arrive
at
a
trillion
dollar
market
or
a
trillion
dollar
upper
or
realize
a
trillion
dollars
in
capital
or
more
is
to
do
so
via
a
secondary
market.
A
major
impediment
right
now
to
impact
investing
writ
large
is
that
entities
that
are
buying
debt
or
that
are
buying
debt
or
investing
in
large
renewable
energy
projects.
B
B
Discovery
of
these
investments
so
again,
there's
currently
no
secondary
market
for
impact.
Investing
that's
what's
so
crucial
and
what's
so
innovative
here
is
that
the
smart
contract
means
a
token
and
that
token
can
trade
on
an
open,
secondary
market
that
can
also
welcome
in
bundlers
index
makers,
mutual
funds
other
risk
assessors
and
analysts,
who
may
want
to
create
large
pools
of
assets
for
for
investors
to
participate
in,
and
those
investors
can
range
anywhere
from
retail
all
the
way
to
family
offices,
institutions,
corporations,
governments
etc.
B
But
we're
really
aiming
here
to
bring
in
like
endowment
pension,
large
institutional
capital
as
well
as
to
do
for
impact
investing
what
robinhood
did,
which
is
to
provide
rails
for
retail
investors
and
I'm
gonna
wrap
it
up.
So
main
point
here
is
we
need
to
think
in
the
trillions
and
not
in
the
billions.
Otherwise,
it's
just
putting
kid
gloves
on
a
real
problem
and
most
people
that
we
speak
to.
B
This
way
too
small,
and
then
we
need
to
ask
ourselves
what
are
the
risks
and
the
models
that
we
need
to
run
to
achieve
an
outcome?
That's
maybe
10
to
100
times
larger
than
what
we
would
normally
deem
as
a
successful
outcome
or
success
normal
success.
Normie
and
you
know
we
we're
big
believers
in
web3,
and
everyone
on
this
call
is
right,
but
there
are
other
people
out
there
who
are
going
to
solve
like
the
nft
issues
and
scalability
on
ethereum
and
d5
contracts,
like
all
of
that
is
going
to
get
solved.
B
Out
there
is
going
to
solve
this
problem
that
we're
discussing
on
this
call,
and
there
are
very
few
people
who
who
are
trying
to
do
so,
and
so
my
my
ask
would
be
to
be
our
partners
on
this
on
this
crusade
and
let's
try
to
make
carbon
the
most
valuable
asset
in
the
world.
There
are
just
too
few
of
us.
B
E
B
E
E
E
Is
it
if
you
were
to,
I
don't
know,
imagine
you're
our
advisor
or
something
along
those
lines,
and
you
will
have
to
help
us
for
the
next
15
minutes.
We
can
send
you
that
by
the
way,
but
what
what's?
What
in
which
way?
Should
we
framing
this
problem?
In
which
way?
Should
we
ask
the
right
questions
and
make
sure
we're
not
just
the
crypto
bros
trying
to
to
pump
a
market,
but
instead
having
a
meaningful
change?
That's
actually
long
term.
Is
there
any?
B
Yeah,
well,
I
do
want
to
make
assumptions
about
baker
tao
and
your
current
operations
and
dynamic
before
I
learn
more,
but
if
I
had
to
if
I
were
to
enter
an
organization
similar
to
yours
and
just
try
to
contemplate
like
what
are
what
are
some,
what
are
the
compelling
issues
at
hand
that
we
need
to
have
a
discussion
around?
The
first
is
not
rolling
up
sustainability
and
impact
into
like
real
assets
and
other
organizational
objectives.
B
As
I
said,
the
the
return
on
investment
for
impact
is
drastically
different
than
the
return
on
investment
for
these
other
projects,
and
I
don't
mean
just
single
bottom
line
financial,
but
it's
double
bottom
line
in
many
cases
triple
bottom
line.
It
involves
planet,
people
and
profit,
and
so
I
think
that
that
requires
its
own.
Its
own
working
group.
B
B
To
go
to
people
talk
about
it
being
important,
but
there's
really
like
no
nation
or
economy
that
wants
it
right
and
so
long
as
that
situation
persists,
where
it's
an
afterthought
or
it's
just
like
a
value.
Without
any
action
or
its
own
cost
center
or
revenue
center,
then
it
will
just
continue
to
be
a
refugee.
That's
looking
for
a
home!
B
B
Question
are
the
initiatives
that
we're
taking
or
contemplating
big
enough,
and
so,
when
you
think
about
a
four
trillion
dollar
deficit
per
year
for
most
organizations
hitting
a
billion
dollars
in
market
cap
like
that's,
that
is
the
measure
of
a
unicorn
right
or
driving
a
billion
dollars
of
loans
or
even
10
billion
dollars.
But
10
billion
is
1
400th
of
the
annual
deficit
and
that
deficit
doesn't
go
away
if
we
don't
actually
hit
hit
it
achieve
it
by
the
end
of
the
year.
B
B
And
so,
when
we're?
Just
when
we
try
to
overlay
sustainability
onto
existing
games,
it
doesn't
really
work
because
those
games
like
the
rewards,
are
money
and
profit
and
people
are
incentivized
to
behave
in
a
quadrant
of
the
of
the
prisoner's
dilemma
that
does
not
result
in
the
greatest
common
good.
B
So
those
three
things
very
quickly
number
one
sustainability
assets
are,
are
different
and
should
be
in
a
different
group
to
me
than
real
assets.
Number
two.
We
need
to
think
at
scale
at
the
magnitude
of
the
problem
in
the
trillions
and
then
number
three
is
going
to
be
what
I
just
said,
which
which
what
did
I
just
say
anyway
I'll
skip
it.
You
heard
me:
oh
it's
gameplay,
it's
actually
developing
gameplay
strategy.
That
gets
us
to
the
outcome
that
we
want.
A
B
Finance
and
there's
economic
there's
all
these
different
things
and
then
within,
let's
just
say:
renewable
energy.
There's
solar,
there's,
wind,
there's,
there's
geothermal
and
then
again
like
magnify
zoom
into
just
solar,
there's
utility
scale
or
solar,
there's
different
forms
of
solar.
Then
there's
rooftop
solar,
there's
a
variety
of
other
projects
and
then
overlay
that,
on
top
of
different
geographies
and
different
domicile
to
like
different
regulatory
regimes,
different
economic
incentives,
and
so
when
you
actually
begin
to
go
down
this
rabbit
hole.
You
realize
there
really.
There
cannot
feasibly
be
one
central
authority
that
dictates
policy.
B
And
then
I
think
you
know
what
you
guys
have
done,
which
is
kind
of
dissolved
the
foundation
and
then
move
that
into
a
variety
of
like
different
stars,
and
then
you
create
a
constellation
amongst
those
amongst
those
working
groups
right.
I
think
that
that's
the
way
to
do
this,
because
the
just
the
general
problem
problem
or
like
campaign
of
impact
or
sustainability
is
so
broad,
it's
just
so
broad
across
different
work,
product
sectors,
expertise,
geographies,
governments,
financial
applications.
B
E
B
Are.
These
are
non-profit
organizations
that
are
really
not
technologically
advanced
at
all
and
don't
really
have
the
incentive
to
be
and
they're
they're,
the
ones
that
are
holding
the
keys
like
this
is
actually
a
problem
of
centralized
authority
becoming
a
bit
of
a
bottleneck.
However,
I
don't
want
to
disparage
them,
because
the
world
desperately
needs
a
central
authority
and
carbon
credits
to
tell
us
what
is
the
truth
like,
which
are
verified
projects
that
are
actually
sequestering
carbon
in
which
are
which
are
not
right.
D
E
Yeah
and
going
back
to
the
carbon
credits
for
me,
something
that
doesn't
click
it
feels
like
rich
countries
would
be
paying
poor
countries
to
store
their
crap
a
bit.
So
I
mean
I'm
probably
over
simplifying
it,
but
from
from
the
logical
point
of
view,
that's
that's
how
it
looks
like
in
a
very,
very
basic
way.
I
don't
know
if
I'm
thoroughly
off
the
mark
there,
but
but
yeah.
E
The
other
thing
that
I
would
like
you
to
comment
on
it
is
that,
at
the
end
of
the
day,
there's
this
enforcing
factor
with
carbon.
So
if
some
company
or
government
or
or
whatnot
decides
just
go
out
there
and
contaminate
and
ruin
the
world
for
everyone
else,
there's
not
a
clear
way
to
tell
them
hey
you
need
to
buy
carbon
credits
right,
they
could
be
like
well,
no
there's
no
law
here
that
forces
me
to
so.
B
C
B
Your
point,
though,
is
really
your
point
is
really
well
made,
and
the
enforcement
is
a
bit
of
an
issue.
However,
we
can,
we
can
still
do
our
best
and
what
we
can
try
to
do
by
creating
market
market
incentives
is
exactly
what
bitcoin
and
other
cryptocurrencies
are
doing
right
and
that's
effectively
like
putting
a
market
price
on
privacy
and
censorship,
resistance
and
security,
and
decentralization,
and
that's
like
it's
really
the
meme.
B
A
C
Round
yeah
real
quickly,
I
was
just
wondering
how
you're
going
to
capture
the
oracle
price
feed
being
that
I've
heard
that
some
of
these
repo
carbon
credit
market
reporting
tools
are
stuck
on
web
1.0
and
then.
My
second
question
is,
with
the
narrative
of
you,
know:
forest
offset
credits
being
what
I
think
seems
to
be
the
most
popular.
C
B
Yeah
thanks
frank
thanks
for
the
questions
I'll
go
really
fast.
So
oracles
are
a
major
problem
right,
they're,
a
problem
because
well
for
a
variety
of
reasons,
and
one
of
them
is
the
fact
that
ecosystems
change,
especially
when
climate
change
is
occurring
and
the
carbon
being
sequestered
in
a
lot
of
these
plots
of
land
that
changes
over
time.
B
That's
in
oceans,
so
we
can
actually
get
some
like
very
quantifiable
information
from
satellite
data,
and
there
are
a
few
companies
on
the
landscape
slide.
Albo
is
one
of
them
that
are
currently
doing
it.
I
you
know
recommend
that
you
check
that
out.
The
other
way
to
do
this.
That's
super
interesting
and
I
would
love
to
see
somebody
build
this
app
on
top
of
us
is.
B
There
are
very
few
people
out
there
who
are
actually
trained
in,
like
the
the
verification
process
going
to
the
plot
of
land
and
measuring
the
trees
and
then
measuring
the
land
right,
and
that's
like
a
reason
for
the
delay
here
is
that
you
need
to
find
juan
and
then
fly
one
out
from
portugal
to
like
senegal
or
somewhere
to
do
the
measurement.
What
we
ought
to
be
doing
is
actually
training
local
communities
to
be
able
to
do
this
themselves
right
and
there's
probably
a
way
to
and
there's
a
way
to,
train
them
like
finance.
B
The
training
via
blockchain
like
via
crypto,
train
them
online
and
then
create
this
global
network
of
experts
who
are
trained
to
go
on
site
and
do
the
measurement
and
then
have
their
actual
audit
verified
via
consensus
online,
and
we
can
also
verify
that
through
satellite
data
and
other
stuff.
That
to
me
is
like
the
really
exciting
idea
here
is
because
that
also
creates
jobs,
and
it's
like
empowering
enfranchising
people
in
their
local
communities,
as
well
as
creating
efficiencies
for
the
entire
the
entire
market
and
then
very
quickly.
B
You
said
like
how
do
we
force
companies?
It's
hard
for
us
to
force,
at
least
in
the
european
union.
Well,
back
to
juan's
point:
the
european
union
does
have
mandatory
limits
on
carbon
emission
or
is
forcing
companies
to
purchase
carbon
credits.
There
are
two
different
carbon
credit
markets.
One
is
voluntary,
the
other
one
is
is
mandatory
in
the
european
union.
A
D
Hi
hi
adam,
I
was,
I
was
taking
a
look
through
your
website.
I
was
just
wondering
where,
where
does
bitcoin
see
itself
fitting
in
within
the
ecosystem?
Is
it
a
case
of
you
providing
your
own
products
like
the
carbon
credit
marketplace,
that
you
talked
about
or
more
of
like
a
consultancy
role
to
help
like
implement
best
practices
in
established
projects
like
maker.
B
B
What
we
realize
is
that
the
application
layer,
well,
the
application
layer
ultimately
needs
to
be
built
by
other
entities
other
than
us
or
the
variety,
the
various
different
applications.
However,
we
need
to
build
kind
of
the
fundamental
suite
of
applications
just
to
create
the
the
piping
and
then
also
to
show
the
market
what's
actually
possible,
like
we
think
that
what
we're
doing
is
going
to
bring
in
billions
and
billions
of
dollars
of
loans
and
interest
into
impact
investments
and
farming
credits,
because
we
know
that
that
demand
exists.
So
we
need
to
build
that.
B
First,
we
are
building
the
carbon
credits
toolset,
as
well
as
probably
a
dex
or
we'll
just
tie
into
some
dexes
and
infrastructure
that
exists
on
top
of
polkadot
and
then
we'll
also
build
a
bridge
over
to
ethereum,
and
then
we're
also
going
to
build
the
impact.
Investing
marketplace
after
that.
We'd
really
like
to
see
other
teams
who
want
to
design
and
develop
on
top
of
the
chain,
and
then
we
would,
as
you
said
like,
be
a
consultant
in
best
practices.
B
There's
also
a
thought
that
we
kind
of
replicate
what
or
we
try
to
replicate
what
ethereum
had
with
consensus,
and
that
is
for
us
to
seed
some
type
of
external
dev
shop.
That
is
aligned
with
the
values
and
principles
of
the
green
and
our
community.
But
that
is
completely
separate
and
apart
from
bitcoin
the
entity,
and
we
would
probably
seed
that
entity
with
with
coins
and
personnel.
But
there
would
be
an
entirely
separate
organization
that
can
go
out
and
raise
its
own
equity
capital
to
be
a
consultancy
and
to
build
and
to
build
products.
B
Envisioned
becoming
a
dow,
as
maker
dow
had
so
having
a
five
year
plan,
or
so
where
we
are
eventually
dissolving
the
authority
of
the
centralized
entity
and
then
having
like
working
working
units
kind
of
things
like
daos
with
endows
throughout
our
organization.
But
that's
that's
more
of
a
long-term
objective
and
we'd.
A
B
B
Well,
by
tokenizing
existing
carbon
credits.
Well,
those
projects
are
already
funded,
so
they're
not
additional
like
it's
not.
Actually
it's
not
bumping
the
curve.
It's
just
translating
an
existing
carbon
credit
in
the
real
world
that
is
illiquid
and
is
not
being
traced
on
a
registry,
so
there's
double
and
triple
counting
and
fraud
and
we're.
B
It's
more
liquid,
but
it's
not
bringing
new
financing
into
projects,
and
I
totally
agree.
I
completely
agree
with
that
that
point
so
like
that
is
our
primary
aim
here
on
both
the
carbon
carbon
forward
contract,
as
well
as
impact
investing
that
is
creating
financial
mechanisms
that
bring
new
additional
capital
into
these
markets.
Right.
That's,
like
that's.
B
The
real
issue
at
hand
is
how
we
do
that,
and
the
only
way
that
we
well,
there
are
probably
many
ways,
but
the
way
that
we've
tried
to
innovate
on
and
that
we've
designed
is
to
number
one
in
the
carbon
forward
contract,
that
is,
to
provide
project,
originators
or
landowners
with
an
upfront
payment
on
the
project
so
that
they
can
purchase
the
land
like
gain
actual
ownership
authority,
which
I
think
goes
back
to
want
question,
which
is
around
enforcement
like.
Why
can't
somebody
just
go
in
and
slash
the
rainforest?
B
Well,
we
need
to
actually
have
somebody
who
we
use
in
the
network
has
to
be
able
to
purchase
and
have
authority
of
that
project.
They
won't
be
able
to
stand
up
to
the
brazilian
government
in
baltimore,
but
this
is
the
step
in
the
right
direction,
so
we
provide
them
with
capital
upfront,
which
is
a
promissory
against
the
delivery
of
the
future
ecosystem
credits,
and
I
say
ecosystem
credits
because
it's
not
just
carbon.
B
There
are
also
other
credits
that
are
generated
and
then
can
be
sold
into
the
market
based
on
other
ecosystem
services
and
like
even
even
endangered
animals,
endangered
species
and
protection
of
the
ecosystem
right,
so
we
provide
the
land
owner
or
the
project
originator
with
an
upfront
payment.
That's
obviously
a
discounted
version
of
the
future
carbon
credits.
They
can
then
take
that
capital
go
through
the
verification
process
which
again
might
cost
six
figures,
low
six
figures
hundred
thousand
two
hundred
thousand
dollars.
B
They
can
afford
to
go
through
the
verification
process
that
then
mints
the
carbon
credits.
Then
they
can
take
the
additional
capital
and
go
out
and
then
and
then
basically
catalyze
other
projects.
So
we
have
this
flywheel
effect
that
builds
the
compounding
effect
of
providing
upfront
capital
to
originators,
to
be
able
to
take
their
their
first
project
through
the
process
and
then
also
to
be
able
to
take
other
projects
through
through
the
verification
process.
B
And
the
same
is
true
within
obviously
with
impact
investments
like
renewable
energy
or
microfinance
same
thing
and
then
I
think
again,
the
major
catalyst,
the
major,
not
the
catalyst.
Actually,
the
multiplier
comes
down
to
the
secondary
market.
So
how
do
we
create
the
ability
for
non-primary
issuer
non-primary
lenders,
but
then,
like
the
real
bundlers
and
the
institutions
to
come
in
and
create
like
reits
and
huge
diversified,
portfolios
of
impact
assets
and
carbon
credits?
F
D
E
B
B
Email
me
anytime,
that
you
like
adam
at
you
bitcoin.org,
obviously
drop
an
email
on
the
website
as
well,
and
then
the
whole
team
will
read
it.
We've
been
pretty,
we've
been
intentionally
stealth
and
quiet,
so
we
don't
have
a
discord
channel
or
a
telegram
just
yet,
although
retro
juan
and
I
have
been
communicating
over
discord
in
your
channel,
so
I'm
actually
in
your.
I
take.
D
B
B
Of
like
we
are
focused
on
what
we
do
really
well,
which
is
really
providing
creating
these
new
impact,
investing
marketplaces
and
defy
tools
and
allowing
like
the
maker
community
to
create
diversified
pools.
It's
like
a
green
dye,
if
you
will,
that
is
uncollateralized
and
pegged
to
real
world
assets
that
are
impactful,
and
I
think
that
we're
going
to
like
we
will
definitely
get
there
in
the
next
three
years.
B
The
question
is
just
what
is
the
size
and
scope
and
the
ubiquity
of
those
pools,
and
then
how
do
we
compete
against
a
compete
not
against,
but
in
a
crypto
community?
That
right
now
is
very
driven
by
profit.
Taking
you
know
and
making
a
quick
buck,
and
I
think
if
we
do
this
together,
then
we
role
model
for
the
world
that
sustainability
and
impact
investing
as
an
asset
class
can
play
with
the
big
boys,
and
we
can
do
it
in
the
and
we
can
do
it
collaboratively.
B
A
Awesome
well,
thank
you
adam
for
that
excellent
presentation,
providing
great
background,
as
well
as
insight
into
bit
green's
mission.
The
team
here
at
maker
is
happy
to
help
and
as
a
follow-up,
we'll
post
your
contact
information
into
the
forum
post
as
well
as
a
replay
of
the
video
for
anyone
to
follow
up
and
I'm
sure
you'll,
be
getting
a
couple
pings
over
the
next
coming
days
for
support.
So
thank.