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From YouTube: Deep Dive: Communicate to Succeed
Description
This session was held Aug. 8, 2017, at NCSL's 2017 Legislative Summit in Boston.
If there were only one skill that determines your success as a legislator, staffer or lobbyist, it would probably be the ability to communicate your ideas efficiently and effectively. You'll gain practical tips and acquire the tools needed to give short, compelling presentations.
A
Welcome
everyone.
Thank
you
for
joining
us.
We
are
overjoyed
to
have
a
packed
room.
We
are
working
on
more
chairs
for
those
of
you
who
are
standing,
so
they
they
should
be
coming
shortly.
Thanks
for
your
patience
in
the
meantime,
if
you
do
have
an
empty
seat,
just
let
these
people
along
the
wall
know
get
to
know
a
new
friend,
but
I
want
to
welcome
you
all
to
communicate
to
succeed.
That
is
the
session
you
are
in.
A
A
I'm
glad
you
all
joined
us
and
I'm
going
to
kick
off
the
session
with
a
very
quick
poll,
since
this
session
is
all
about
communication,
we're
going
to
gauge
where
we
are
in
the
audience
you're
here
for
one
reason
or
another,
and
we
want
to
know
why
so
who
in
the
audience,
thinks
that
communication
is
their
strongest
tool
in
their
toolbox.
You
would
put
it
at
the
top
of
your
resume.
You
think
you're
pretty
darn
good
at
communication,
just
a
show
of
hands
show
hands.
This
is
this:
is
not
a
game
no
visitor?
A
If
you
think
you're
good
at
it,
you
own
it.
We
want
to
know
all
right
why
we
got
a
few
confident
people
up
here.
Well,
hopefully,
we
can
teach
you
something,
certainly
if
you
can
teach
the
rest
of
the
room,
something
we
welcome
your
comments
throughout
the
session,
all
right,
who's,
kind
of
mediocre,
a
communication
you'd
put
yourself
middle,
the
road
middle,
the
pack
yeah,
okay,
okay,
you
know
good
good
chunk
of
the
room
and
who
is
at
this
session
because
you've
got
to
look
up
the
definition
of
communication.
A
You
just
you
have
no
idea,
you
need.
You
need
a
lot
of
help
in
the
communications
department
which
is
okay.
We
need
to
know
our
weaknesses
right.
You
know.
That's
good
good!
Now,
there's
a
lot
of
people
who
didn't
participate
in
that
little
exercise,
so
I
will
just
treat
that
as
an
internal
exercise
that
you
did
I'm
going
to
very
quickly
introduce
our
two
wonderful
speakers
today
who
are
going
to
impart
a
lot
of
wisdom
on
everyone.
A
Who's
in
the
room,
this
will
be
a
three-part
session,
so
we
are
glad
you've
joined
us
for
the
next
couple
hours
and
the
first
part
will
be
led
by
Mariana
swallow.
She
has
been
a
communications
expert
for
the
past
15
years
and
she
is
going
to
first
talk
about
and
provide
you
skills
for
immediate
use
on
crafting
a
compact
and
compelling
talk.
A
Then
the
third
part
she
will
take
the
reins
back
and
she
will
talk
about
using
effective
visuals
in
your
communication.
We
live
in
a
visual
world.
We
all
know
that
and
how?
How
can
you
best
use
that
when
you're
communicating
in
the
middle
of
Marianas
two
parts,
we
have
Senator
Bill
O'neill
here
from
New
Mexico.
A
Senator
O'neill
has
been
in
the
legislature
since
2009
as
a
rep
and
then
became
a
senator
in
2013
and
he
in
his
other
life,
because
some
of
you
may
not
know
the
grand
sum
that
New
Mexico
lawmakers
make
is
zero
dollars,
bobert
plus
per
diem,
but
no
salary.
So
you
know
a
little
factoid
for
you
about
legislators.
He
is
an
author
and
a
poet
in
his
other
life,
so
he
is
going
to
talk
a
little
bit
about
crafting
a
story
to
support
your
message
and
how
do
you
do
that?
A
B
B
Thank
you
for
that
reminder.
Over
to
my
left
part,
two
you'll
hear
from
Senator
Bill
O'neil
from
the
great
state
of
New
Mexico
he's
going
to
talk
to
about
storytelling
and
then,
as
Stacey
mentioned,
I'll
talk
to
you
about
creating
creating
effective
visuals.
When
you
do
need
some
kind
of
visual
to
support
your
message,
so
real
quick,
some
logistics
here,
we
are
scheduled
to
go
till
about
12:30,
because
the
senator
and
I
have
lots
of
information
to
share
with
you
in
the
short
amount
of
time.
We
are
not
scheduling
any
bio
breaks.
B
Also,
if
you
happen
to
see
a
long-lost
friend
in
here-
and
you
too
need
to
catch
up,
please
hold
side
conversations
until
the
end
or
you're
welcome
to
step
outside
during
one
of
these
parts
and
then
another
little
notation
for
those
of
you
who
were
able
to
get
a
seat
at
a
table.
If
you
look
around
the
table,
you'll
see
that
there
are
some
worksheets
which
we'll
use
during
this
first
part.
There
will
be
worksheets
later
and
for
our
third
part,
which
will
be
passed
out
at
the
correct
time.
You'll
also
notice
on
your
table.
B
B
So
if
you
need
to
fidget
with
something
while
we're
talking,
tactile
learners
usually
do
go
ahead
and
grab
a
piece
of
play-doh
or
a.
What
do
you
call
those
things
pipe
cleaners
and
twist
them
into
a
spiral
we'll
make
a
little
house
whatever
makes
sense
to
you?
Okay,
let's
jump
into
part
one,
creating
concise
and
compelling
messages.
I
know
that
what
you
do
as
I
mentioned,
you
tend
to
be
very
busy
and
very
pressed
for
time.
So
we
want
to
make
sure
that
our
message
is
landing
with
its
recipient.
B
The
student
always
used
to
be
the
case.
There
are
so
many
challenges
we
have
these
days
because
the
working
world
have
gotten
so
different.
That's
the
only
way,
I
know
how
to
put
it
since,
when
I
started,
when
I
got
out
of
college,
the
internet
had
not
yet
proliferated.
Email
was
not
a
thing
and
I
now
have
younger
people
who
work
for
me
who
have
asked
me:
I
am
not
kidding
with
no
trace
of
irony.
B
What
did
you
guys
do
before
the
Internet
and
my
answer
to
that
is
always
we
got
up
and
we
walked
over
to
their
desk
and
we
talked
to
each
other.
We
typed
up
memos.
We
printed
them
on
our
laser
printers
and
then
we
walked
them
over
to
that
other
person
right
I,
think.
Does
anyone
besides
me
remember
those
days?
Okay?
Well,
they,
oh
yay
excellent.
So
it's
important
to
understand
the
challenges
we
have
in
communication.
B
Today
we
have
more
ways
to
communicate
than
ever:
there's
email,
there's
Twitter,
there's
Instagram,
there's
more
distractions,
but
we
also
have
more
generations
working
together
in
the
work
world
at
any
time
than
we
ever
have
had
before
in
history.
So
our
world
today
is
very
different
than
it
was
even
15
or
20
years
ago.
B
So
we
need
to
understand
the
challenges,
we're
going
to
think
about
who's,
receiving
our
message
and
then
I'll
give
you
some
tips
to
make
your
messages,
because
in
place
and
compelling
okay,
first
of
all,
I
want
to
understand
who's
in
the
room
and
your
role
raise
your
hand
please.
If
you
are
a
legislator,
excellent.
Okay,
raise
your
hand
please.
If
you
are
a
staffer,
excellent
good
split
here,
raise
your
hand
if
you
fall
into
an
other
category,
you
don't
want
to
say
what
your
job
is.
B
Okay,
excellent!
So
here's
why
I
asked
that
and
I
want
to
know
who's
in
my
audience,
but
also
I
know
that,
depending
on
your
role,
you
will
bring
unique
challenges
to
your
role
in
communication,
but
also
to
the
people
who
need
to
speak
to
you.
We're
going
to
talk
about
that.
I
want
to
demonstrate
just
how
difficult
it
can
be
to
get
a
message
across
when
we
are
working
with
people
such
as
legislators,
who
maybe
only
have
two
or
three
minutes
to
listen
to
what
you
have
to
say.
Maybe
they
have
30
seconds.
B
Maybe
you
got
to
be
really
quick,
so
someone
from
the
front
here
does
someone
have
an
idea
of
something
they
might
need
to
communicate?
Maybe
something
to
say
about
a
bill
or
constituents
or
something
going
on
in
the
district?
Can
I
have
a
volunteer
to
help
me
out
here,
not
all
at
once.
You
guys
come
on
I'm
going
to
stand
here
until
5
o'clock
unless
I
get
a
volunteer.
Alright,
this
gentleman
here
come
on
up.
C
B
C
C
C
E
C
B
F
B
She's
I'm
so
sorry
valuable,
audio
equipment,
Joe
I'm.
Sorry,
this
microphone
rolls
a
lot
today.
Okay,
so
what
did
we
see
there?
Why
do
you
think
I
had
Corey
do
that
it
wasn't
to
shame
him
or
publicly
embarrass
him
in
front
of
you.
But
what
did
you
see
in
that
exercise?
What
do
we
take
away
from
that?
Yes,.
G
B
B
So,
with
the
time
constraint,
she
notices
that
he
was
confident
until
he
had
the
time
constraint,
but
it
took
away
his
ability
to
get
the
message
across
yes,
but
I
also
want
to
illustrate
that
sometimes
you
might
only
have
20
or
30
seconds
to
get
your
message
across.
Raise
your
hand
if
you've
experienced
that
pretty
much
everyone
in
this
room,
yeah.
B
H
B
B
So
we
want
to
think
through
what
it
is
we
need
to
say
and
what
we
need
to
say
that
needs
to
land
with
its
intended
recipient,
and
we
talked
before
about
the
challenges
and,
as
I
mentioned
each
of
you,
depending
on
your
role,
you
bring
special
gifts
to
the
table,
but
you
also
have
certain
challenges
inherent
in
what
you
do,
but
also
inherent
in
whoever
you
are
speaking
to
so.
I
have
a
couple
of
analogies
here.
B
If
those
of
you
who
are
legislators,
you're
kind
of
like
Jerry
Mouse,
everyone
remember
the
Tom
and
Jerry
cartoon
the
cat
was
always
chasing
after
the
mouse,
he
never
got
the
mouse,
we
almost
got
him
and
then
the
mouse
to
get
away
the
legislators
like
Jerry
Mouse
everybody
wants
to
get
his
attention.
Everyone
is
chasing
after
him
or
her.
That
means
everybody
else
is
Tom
the
cat
trying
to
chase
down
the
person
or
thing
that
is
incredibly
difficult
to
pin
down
the
rest
of
you,
staffers
lobbyists.
B
Researchers
I
was
thinking
about
this
and
I
know
part
of
your
gift,
but
also
a
challenge
is
that
you
have
you're
very
smart.
You
have
a
lot
of
information
in
your
head
and
you
need
to
get
it
out
to
whoever
you
need
to
speak
to,
but
inherent
in
that
you
have
a
lot
of
information,
but
you
might
not
have
all
the
time
to
get
all
of
it
across.
You
might
think
all
the
data
is
incredibly
important,
but
your
recipient
might
only
want
one
or
two
key
points.
B
B
So
I
reached
out
to
my
network
and
said
well,
who
else
have
a
lot
of
information
that
they
need
to
get
across
and
they're
very
smart
and
they're
dying
to
share
it
with
everyone,
and
they
said
well,
everyone
from
the
West,
Wing
or
Hermione
Granger
from
Harry
Potter
pick
your
character
folks.
This
is
what
you're
like
got
a
lot
of
information,
you're
smart.
You
need
to
get
it
across,
but
we
need
to
focus
it
for
its
intended
audience
now.
One
of
the
things
that
I
think
will
help
you
in
the
work
you
do.
B
Whatever
role
you
have
is
read
state
legislators
magazine
how
many
of
you
read
this
regularly
be
honest:
okay,
I
hope.
If
I
come
back
in
like
a
month
and
get
to
work
with,
all
of
you
are
next
year
a
hundred
percent
of
hands
in
the
room
go
up.
I
have
found
this
magazine
so
helpful,
but
what
I
really
like
when
I
read
the
what
staff
know
feature
which,
by
the
way,
is
dedicated
to
the
often
misunderstood
role
of
staffers,
which
I
love
but
I
found
a
lot
of
gems
in
here.
B
That
helped
me
understand
communication
on
the
part
of
staff,
and
this
is
why
I'm
suggesting
that
you
dig
into
this
art
of
the
column,
because
there's
gems
in
there
that
really
help
me
understand
how
various
folks
in
your
work,
communicate
and
will
help
you
to
and
I
love
from
these
quotes.
I
pulled
out
from
various
issues
bells
and
whistles
cannot
make
up
for
quality
or
substance.
Research
staff
know
how
to
separate
the
good
information
from
the
rest.
That's
key
and
I'm
going
to
encourage
you
to
do
the
same
thing.
B
If
you
are
presenting
some
information
understand
how
to
separate
the
good
from
the
rest.
What
does
your
audience
need
to
know
and
I?
Also
love
the
top
quote.
Reading
up
on
policy
is
easier
than
reading
minds.
Lots
of
times
the
people
we
are
communicating
to
in
a
work
environment
are
expecting
us
to
be
mind
reader's
and
vice
versa.
So
understand
that
when
it
comes
to
communication,
the
onus
is
on
both
parties.
You
can't
just
make
yourself
or
expect
the
other
person
to
make
themselves
an
excellent
communicator.
You
need
to
communicate
what
will
work
for
you.
B
If
you
have
limited
time
say
so,
if
you
just
need
data
say
so
if
you
prefer
to
receive
information,
one
way
versus
another,
let
your
staffers!
Your
colleagues,
know
that
this
communication
is
a
two-way
street
and
I
love.
This
quote
from
y8
think
like
a
wise
man,
but
communicate
in
the
language
of
the
people
and
I
want
to
clarify
what
I
mean
by
language
of
the
people.
This
does
not
mean
necessarily
changing
your
language
or
dumbing
it
down.
B
What
this
means
is
understand
how
your
intended
recipient
or
recipients
choose
to
communicate
and
then
flex
what
you're
doing
or
saying
to
match
that
okay,
I'm
going
to
talk
you
through
some
of
this,
those
of
you
a
table.
There
are
some
handouts
that
are
referencing.
What
I'm
about
to
talk
through
feel
free
to
make
some
notes
on
those
handouts.
B
What
I
want
to
share
with
you
is
a
system
called
the
disk
dimensions
of
communication.
Has
anyone
here
ever
heard
of
disk,
or
has
anyone
here
ever
taken
a
communication
assessment
yeah?
This
is
very
common.
If
you've
taken
other
assessments
or
studied
other
systems,
they
use
different
letters,
different
names,
they
all
mean
the
same
thing
I
like
this,
because
it's
very
easy
to
understand
what
disk
says
is
that
there
are
four
main
styles
of
communication.
B
We
are
all
a
mix
of
all
four,
but
we
tend
to
rely
heavily
on
one
or
two
in
different
situations
and
I
find
this
learning.
Communication
styles
is
fascinating,
because
we
once
we
understand
the
communication
styles
and
how
we
tend
to
communicate.
Not
only
can
we
flex
in
the
moment
we
can
customize
our
message
to
the
recipient,
but
also
it's
cool,
to
note
that
we
communicate
very
differently
at
home
than
we
do
at
work.
You
might
be
one
way
at
home
different.
It
works
different.
B
Yet,
when
you're
out
with
your
friends
so
I'm
going
to
share
these
with,
you
feel
free
to
make
some
notes
and
as
I
talk
through
and
give
this
brief
overview
of
the
disk
communication.
Styles
notice
as
I
explain
these,
which
ones
sound
like
you,
which
ones
sound
like
people
you
work
with,
can
you
identify
quality
than
other
people?
Okay,
there
are
four
quadrants
four
main
communication:
styles
dominant
influencer,
steadfast
and
conscientious
I'm,
going
to
talk
about
each
one
of
these
and
again
just
notice
what
you
notice.
B
Okay,
the
first
letter,
the
D
D,
stands
for
the
dominant
or
dominance
communicator.
The
D
communicator
tends
to
be
a
quick
thinker,
quick
decision
maker.
They
don't
like
fluff,
they
don't
want
details
and
they
want
you
to
get
to
the
point
and
my
favorite
way
to
think
of
how
to
communicate
with
a
D
is
what
does
this
mean
for
fill
in
the
blank
when
I'm
working
with
corporate
clients?
It's
usually
something
like.
What
does
this
mean
for
my
department?
What
does
it
mean
for
the
bottom
line?
B
What
does
this
mean
for
this
quarter
for
your
work
environment,
depending
on
who
you're
talking
to
it
might
mean?
What
does
this
mean
for
my
committee?
What
does
this
mean
for
me?
What
does
this
mean
for
my
constituents?
What
does
this
mean
for
my
district?
There
might
be
money
associated
with
it.
You
come
into
work
Monday
morning
and
say
hi.
How
was
the
weekend
Adi
communicator,
they're,
going
to
say
fine
and
blow
past
you?
They
don't
want
to
hear
what
your
kid
did
at
soccer
on
Sunday.
B
They
don't
want
to
talk
about
what
their
kids
in
a
slacker
on
Sunday
we're
here
to
work.
We
need
to
get
stuff
done,
get
to
the
point
now.
The
next
style
is
the
eye
influencer
communicator.
The
influencer
is
very
sensitive
to
feelings
of
their
own
and
others.
They
tend
to
be
social.
They
like
to
engage
and
be
engaged.
B
They
tend
to
be
the
party
planners
in
the
office
or
when
someone's
you
know,
leaving
or
retiring
they're.
The
person
gets
the
card
and
has
everyone
in
the
office
sign
it?
They
care
about
people,
they
care
about
feelings
and
the
I
communicator.
If
the
D
comes
into
work
on
Monday
and
the
eye
says
hi,
how
was
the
weekend
and
the
D
goes
fine
and
blows
past
that
person,
the
I
communicator,
might
feel
a
little
offended.
B
Yes
again,
we
are
all
a
mix
of
all
four,
but
we
tend
to
lean
more
heavily
on
one
or
two
of
these
and
by
the
way,
if
you
would
like
to
find
out
like
where
your
communication
lies,
if
you,
google,
free
disc
assessment,
D,
is
C,
there's
a
ton
of
these
on
the
Internet.
You
can
also
take
the
paid
assessment,
which
is
a
lot
more
complex.
Sometimes
certain
offices
will
do
this
for
their
whole
team.
So
I'll
pick
it
up
from
here
save
a
third
letter.
B
We
have
the
S
is
s
for
steadfast
the
steadfast
communicator.
The
steadfast
communicator
is
thoughtful.
They
like
to
think
they
like
to
take
in
information
and
digest
it
for
a
minute
or
maybe
an
hour
or
maybe
a
day.
I
heard
some
groans
up
here,
someone's
not
liking
that
the
US
communicator
is
thoughtful.
They
like
to
explore
options
and
make
sure
everything
will
be
accurate.
Okay,
for
instance,
if
you're
on
a
trip
with
an
S
communicator,
they
will
not
only
check
the
Google
Maps
on
their
iPhone.
B
Okay,
I'm
going
to
rat
out
my
husband,
my
poor
husband
here.
My
husband
is
the
epitome
of
the
s
communicator
and
yes,
he
does
that
map
sing.
My
favorite
was
when
we
were
in
New
York
meeting
a
friend
of
his
for
dinner.
We
come
out
of
the
subway,
and
you
know
the
restaurant
was
called
Rocco's
or
something
like
that
and
I'm.
B
Looking
right
at
the
restaurant
I
said
Kevin
the
restaurants
right
there
and
he
said
no,
no,
hang
on,
and
he
just
googled
my
stuff
I
said
with
the
restaurants
right
there,
Raphael
son,
we're
going
right
there.
No,
no!
Let
me
check
she
checked
this
Python
by
the
way
he
might
be
watching
this
I
might
be
in
trouble
later.
B
Okay
relationships
are
important
to
the
S
communicator
they
like
to
make
sure
that
the
relationship
is
intact,
even
if
there
is
conflict
and
then
finally,
we
have
the
C
communicator
I
call
these
the
math
and
science
majors
the
data
junkies.
If
you
watch
these
Kent
Davison,
the
guy
who
quotes
statistics
for
everything
is
a
sea
communicator.
The
sea
communicator
loves
facts
and
figures.
Love
data
sees
everything
through
terms
of
data
and
likes
to
solve
problems
through
the
use
of
data.
B
If
you
need
some
work
done
or
need
some
of
numbers
crunch-
and
you
give
let's
say
ten
figures
to
the
sea
communicator-
he
will
want
20
because
he
wants
to
explore
all
options
and
see
if
there's
a
better,
cheaper,
faster
way
to
do
it.
They
do
need
time
to
process,
but
they
also
like
details.
Even
when
the
details
aren't
needed.
B
B
B
B
Okay,
so,
as
I
went
through
these,
were
you
able
to
identify
qualities
that
you
have
yes
yeah?
Were
you
able
to
identify,
qualities
and
other
people
that
you
need
to
get
information
to?
Yes?
Okay,
so
what's
the
benefit
of
understanding
this
all
around
how
we
prefer
to
communicate?
How
others
tend
to
communicate?
B
B
Let's
keep
building
on
this,
and
it's
not
just
enough
to
thank
Oh
Kent
wants
data,
so
I'll
give
him
data
or
Oh
sue
likes
to
chit
chat.
I'll
talk
to
her
about
her
kids
soccer
game.
Before
we
get
going
because
again,
you
might
not
have
that
time.
Right,
you're
in
a
very
busy
busy,
busy
environment
go,
go,
go,
and
here
is
a
key,
and
this
is
something
you
have
to
do,
and
you
have
to
practice
at
this.
Takes
intention
is
preparing
what
you
are
going
to
say.
B
A
lot
of
the
work
I
do
is
as
a
public
speaking
coach,
and
this
is
where
I
see
people
fall
down.
The
most
is
where
they
think
they
don't
need
to
prepare,
so
they
don't
prepare,
even
if
you're
the
expert,
even
if
you've
been
doing
this
for
five
ten
twenty
thirty
years.
Just
because
you
know
something
very
well
does
not
mean
you're
prepared,
does
not
necessarily
mean
you'll,
deliver
a
concise,
strong
message.
B
So
how
do
you
get
your
message
to
be
a
little
more
concise
compact?
How
do
you
trim
it
down
when
you
only
have
30
seconds
three
steps?
First,
is
what
we
started
talking
about.
I
want
you
to
be
aware
of
your
strengths
and
your
blind
spots
like
the
examples
I
gave
like
Sheldon
Cooper,
like
Hermione
Granger,
you
probably
have
a
lot
of
information.
B
Is
your
tendency
that
you
try
to
cram
everything
in
when
you're
giving
information
to
someone?
Do
you
tend
to
do
a
data
dump,
or
do
you
maybe
cut
some
things
back,
but
maybe
you're
not
getting
the
most
important
things,
or
do
you
give
the
most
important
things?
But
maybe
you
forget
to
give
your
listener
the
supplemental
information
in
a
way
that
they
can
have
it
more
easily
for
them?
Maybe
they
want
it
on
email?
Maybe
they
want
a
handout?
Okay,
and
so
this
goes
for
everyone.
B
B
Now,
for
what
I
do
I
get
to
meet
a
large
group
of
people
on
a
regular
basis?
I
can't
possibly
make
my
speech
just
four
D
communicators
or
just
four
I
in
a
situation
like
those
we
want
to
mix
it
up
notice,
we've
got
things
like
pipe
cleaners
and
hand
out
and
visual,
but
when
you
know
that
you
need
to
communicate,
let's
say:
I
need
to
provide
some
information
to
a
legislator.
B
B
Okay,
third
step,
prepare
and
then
look
for
ways
to
simplify
here's.
What
I
would
like
your
preparation
to
look
like
here's,
the
ideal,
perfect
world
scenario
write
out
what
you
want
to
say
and
I
want
to
be
clear
on
this.
I
am
NOT
saying:
do
a
script.
There
is
no
script.
You
should
never
give
yourself
a
script
even
if
you're
doing
a
presentation
such
as
this
one,
when
you
create
a
script,
you
kind
of
lock
yourself
in
but
just
think
about.
What
are
your
key
points?
What
are
your
bullet
points?
B
What
are
the
most
important
things
you
want
to
get
across?
Okay,
second.
Think
of
your
audience:
what's
their
communication
style?
How
do
you
think
they
will
best
receive
this
information?
And
then
third-
and
this
is
also
where
I
see
people
fall
down-
ask
what
do
I
want
to
say
and
then
probably
the
most
important
question.
B
B
Raise
your
hand
if
you've
ever
gone
to
any
kind
of
presentation,
work
or
otherwise
could
be
a
Tupperware
party?
Do
you
know
what
I'm
going
to
say
no
go
in
there
raise
your
hand
if
you've
ever
been
any
kind
of
presentation
and
the
speaker
just
blathered
on
you're
lost
you're
gone.
Why
am
I
wasting
my
time
here?
Yeah
most
of
us
have
and
that's
because
the
speaker
didn't
prepare
for
his
or
her
audience.
They
didn't
focus
a
message
they
didn't
think
about.
What
do
they
need
to
know?
B
There
is
a
gentleman
who
produces
educational
videos
in
Chicago,
Fernando
Avila,
who,
just
on
his
newsletter
posted
a
story
about
how
he
went
to
a
group
learning
experience
to
learn
about
new
educational
methods
and
I.
Don't
know
how
many
people
were
expected
at
the
course,
but
the
instructor
got
there
saw
that
there
were
only
12
people
in
the
room
and
decided
to
abandon
everything
he
had
planned.
B
B
A
nice
focusing
question
before
you
present
information
is
what
is
important
and
why
so
that's
another
place
where
I
see
people
fall
down
when
they
have
data
or
some
kind
of
information
to
share
they
just
kind
of
lay
it
out
there
I'll
have
some
examples
of
this
a
little
later,
but
you
need
to
say
you
know
why
this
is
important.
Why
is
this
worth
supporting?
Why
is
this
worth
looking
at?
Why
is
this
research
important
going
back
to
the
preparation?
I
gave
you
the
ideal
scenario
in
reality.
B
I
know
that
you
tend
to
be
pressed
for
time
a
lot,
so
here's
what
I
would
like
you
to
do
in
reality.
This
is
going
to
require
again
intention
and
a
mental
commitment
and
some
mental
steps.
I
know
in
a
lot
of
the
work
you
do.
Communication
happens
on
the
fly
as
we
saw
with
poor
Corey,
who
I
put
up
here
and
said
and
tell
me
your
story
in
20
seconds
right.
B
So
what
you
want
to
do
is
give
yourself
that
mental
image
or
that
mental
directive,
of
whichever
one
of
these
x4u,
and
so
I
want
you
to
think
about
how
you
will
use
this
I'm,
purposely
not
giving
specific
examples,
because
you
all
have
vastly
different
roles.
But
how
will
you
use
this?
Does
the
what
what
is
important
and
why
question
work
for
you
or
what
does
she
need
to
know
whatever
it
is
that
will
help?
You
focus,
keep
that
in
your
mind,
practice
this
on
your
feet
and
then
mentally.
B
Take
the
steps
that
I
showed
you
before.
Okay
require
some
intention
and
you
can
practice
those
it
doesn't
just
have
to
be
at
work.
You
can
practice
this
at
home.
Maybe
you
come
home
at
the
end
of
the
day
and
you
want
to
share
a
story
with
your
partner
or
your
kids
or
your
cat.
Whoever
you
live
with,
you
know
give
yourself
the
intention
say
what
I'm
going
to
talk
about
my
day,
but
what
is
important
once
so
practice
it
at
home
practice
it
in
real
time.
B
B
And
focus
by
the
way
my
slides
will
be
available
for
you
on
SlideShare
after
today,
but
feel
free
to
make
notes
on
which
of
these
questions
help
you
or
maybe
it's
all
three
Who
am
I
speaking
to
do,
they
tend
to
be
addy,
is
or
C
communicator.
What
is
important
and
why
and
what
does
she
care
about
and
we're
talking
about
this
in
kind
of
a
general
sense
which
can
be
for
one-on-one
communication,
but
if
you're
presenting
making
a
large
presentation
or
speaking
at
a
meeting
same
thing,
all
these
questions
will
apply.
B
Now,
here's
another
radical
idea,
because
you
never
care
people
say
this
about
communication,
but
this
is
something
I
actually
got
some
project
management.
When
you
are
thinking
about
your
message
and
what
you
will
communicate
plan
to
leave
something
out,
you
know,
I
put
it
back
in
later,
but
I
notice
again.
This
is
where
a
lot
of
the
communication
sags
is
when
we're
doing
a
data
dump
or
we're
trying
to
say
everything
in
that
30
seconds
or
three
minutes
or
five
minutes
or
whatever
we
get.
B
But
if
you
can
think
about
your
message
again,
I
encourage
you
to
write
this
out
bullet
points,
notes
to
yourself,
but
think
about
what
am
I
going
to
say
what
do
I
need
to
get
across
and
what
am
I
not
going
to
say
who
here
is
done,
project
management
before
or
worked
on
projects?
Quite
a
few
of
you,
okay,
excellent.
If
you've
ever
studied
project
management,
you
know
that
there's
a
part
where
you
define
the
project
and
that's
called
the
project
scope,
but
part
of
the
project.
B
Scope
is
also
saying
what
I
am
NOT
going
to
do
in
this
project
and
the
reason
project
managers
do
that
if
they're
doing
it
well
is
they
want
to
avoid
what's
called
scope
creep,
where
we
just
start
putting
everything
into
the
project
and
it
takes
longer
and
it
costs
more
so
same
thing
with
your
message:
what
can
you
leave
out?
What's
maybe
a
detail,
this
person
doesn't
need
to
know
or
what's
supplemental
and
I
can
share
with
them
later
all
right,
a
safety.
Do
we
have
the
second
worksheet?
Oh,
it's
banana,
no
yay.
Second
worksheet.
D
B
D
B
We're
going
to
start
on
the
side
that
has
questions
on
the
front.
There's
one
more
alright
and
folks,
please
stay
with
me:
I,
don't
get
into
a
quest
talks
with
your
best
friend
just
yet
promise
I'll
give
you
time
for
that,
because
I
want
you
to
think
about.
First
thing:
I
want
you
to
think
about
something
you
need
to
communicate.
If
you
don't
have
something
work-related,
you
can
think
about
something.
Maybe
you
need
to
communicate
at
home
or
outside
of
your
work
setting,
but
think
about
a
message
you
want
to
get
across
write
that
down.
B
Your
second
question
after
you've
thought
about
something
you
need
to
communicate.
Think
about
to
whom
will
you
be
speaking,
and
you
can
write
down
the
person's
name
but
I'm
encouraging
you
here
to
think
about
what
is
his
or
her
communication
style?
How
do
they
tend
to
communicate
information?
How
do
they
tend
to
receive
it
and
by
the
way,
if
you're,
if
you're
kind
of
stuck
in
thinking
well
I,
don't
know
how
Leslie
communicates
here's
a
clue?
B
B
Underneath
that,
how
does
this
person
best
receive
information?
You
can
use
the
D
is
or
C
but
I'm
sure?
Also
in
your
work
world,
you
have
also
noticed
with
people
you
communicate
with
some
people
are
better
in
person.
Some
people
prefer
email,
some
prefer
a
phone
call,
some
prefer
texts,
some
don't
want
you
to
talk
to
them
at
all.
Okay,
a
couple
people
got
that
so,
but
make
notes
about
how
they
prefer
to
receive
information.
B
B
B
B
If
you
have
a
worksheet,
whenever
you're
done
flip
it
over
to
the
other
side
that
has
an
empty
grid
on
it,
those
of
you
who
don't
have
worksheets.
If
you
have
a
notebook
or
piece
of
paper,
you
can
do
this
even
without
the
grid
and
you'll
see
why,
in
a
minute,
I
want
you
to
think
about
that
same
message
that
you
just
wrote
about
that.
You
just
made
some
notes
on.
B
If
you
look
at
the
grid,
there
are
140
squares
here.
I
want
you
to
write
that
message
in
140
characters,
and
let
me
give
you
an
example:
first,
okay,
at
140
words,
your
sheet
looks
like
this.
That
means
each
square
gets
either
a
letter,
a
space
or
a
piece
of
punctuation.
For
my
example,
I
started
a
sentence
or
a
thought
communicating
to
my
husband
that
I
forgot
to
thaw
out
the
fish,
which
sounds
really
weird,
but
we
have
this
conversation
more
often
than
you'd.
B
Think,
okay
and
notice,
my
comma
gets
its
own
box
with
space
gets
its
own
box.
Don't
worry
if
a
word
breaks
midline
just
go
on
to
the
next
line,
but
make
sure
you
give
spaces
make
sure
you
give
punctuation
and
think
about
this,
because
if
you
don't
have
a
pencil
with
an
eraser
with
you,
there's
no
undue
little
pins.
I
started
mine
with
the
name
of
the
person
I'm
speaking
to
that's,
probably
a
waste
of
about
five
spaces
right
there.
B
So
take
a
minute
take
about
two
minutes
and
say
your
message
in
140:
characters
fill
it
out
in
the
grid
or
those
of
you
who
don't
have
a
worksheet
someone's
willing.
If
someone
wants
the
grid,
they
can
come.
Take
mine
I,
don't
need
this
anymore.
You
can
take
my
grid
and
fill
out.
Your
message
in
140
characters
take
about
a
minute
or
two
to
do
that
and
then
I
want
to
ask
you
about
this
worksheet
anyone
worksheets.
B
B
B
Did
it
help
you
focus
and
get
to
the
point
it
did
excellent.
Ok,
can
you
catch
I
have
a
reward
for
you
for
answering
my
question.
Oh,
that
was
an
amazing
catch
with
the
deflect,
but
well
I
saw
you
had
a
bound
wrist
there.
Thank
you.
Ok,
let's
go
onto
the
other
didn't
well!
First,
let
me
see
what
that
comment
for
a
minute.
Tell
me
your
name,
please
Bernadette
Thank,
You,
Bernadette,
Bernadette
liked
it,
because
thinking
about
these
questions
help
helped
her
focus.
The
message
raise
your
hand.
B
B
Okay,
I
want
to
repeat
that.
That
is
an
excellent
comment.
I
matt
said
from
kentucky
that
the
first
page
helped,
but
he
liked
the
second
page
better
because
he
realized
how
much
extraneous
information
he
wanted
to
put
in
after
the
first
set
of
questions
did
anyone
else
have
had
experienced
that
with
140
characters,
you
realize
what
you're
trying
to
cram
in
anyone
else
have
that
few
of
you
did
good
good.
So
was
that
helpful?
Excellent
touch?
B
B
Did
everyone
hear
that
comment
I'm,
not
sure
I'm
allowed
to
repeat
it,
not
that
it's?
Actually,
it
is
a
tweet,
yes,
and
it
is
kind
of
funny,
because
Twitter
has
become
this
ubiquitous,
saying
that
you
know
some
people
love
it.
Some
people
hate
it,
but
doing
this
exercise,
things
I
was
asked
to
do
this.
What
you
just
did
in
a
workshop
I
was
in
about
two
years
ago
and
when
they
said,
ok
put
this
in
a
tweet.
B
My
first
reaction
was
no
I,
don't
want
to
tweet
I,
don't
like
Twitter,
but
you
know
what
it
really
does
force
you
to
focus
and
I.
Try
this
anytime
I
need
to
shorten
something
so
pick
your
poison.
Here
you
can
add
these
questions.
That's
really
not
a
good
way.
To
put
it
right!
Ok,
pick
your
pick.
Your
support
here
use
questions
to
help.
B
You
focus
your
message
or,
if
doing
140
characters,
and
you
can
even
play
with
it,
make
it
160
some
people
like
to
use
this
format
that
they
say
up
to
200
characters
because
they
allow
for
things
such
as
titles
or
credits.
Things
like
that,
so
choose
whatever
is
going
to
work
for
you.
Yes,
all
right.
What
questions
you
have
about
this
first
part
before
I
turn
you
over
to
Senator
Bill
O'neil.
So
he
can
talk
to
you
about
some
storytelling
right
here
and
actually,
let's
skip
where's.
My
mic.
B
E
B
Is
a
great
question:
repetition
versus
brevity?
Okay,
here's
the
thing
remember:
I
talked
about
all
the
challenges
we
have
with
communication.
These
days,
adults
usually
need
to
hear
a
message
three
times
before
it
sticks.
Adults
usually
need
to
hear
a
message
three
times
before
it
sticks
and
adults
usually
need
to
hear
a
message
three
times
before
it
sticks
so
I,
don't
think
repetition
will
necessarily
harm
you
where
I
would
look
is
if
the
repetition
is
adding
time
that
you
simply
don't
have
or
you
need
to
cut
it
out.
B
You
can
maybe
cut
it
down
that
saying
that
thing
once
at
the
beginning,
once
at
the
end,
so
repetition
is
okay
but
be
judicious
with
it.
The
other
thing
you
can
do
too.
Let's
say
you
don't
want
to
you,
don't
have
time
for
that
repetition
say
the
thing
once
and
then
make
sure
your
audience
got.
It
make
sure
they
either
talk
back
to
you
or
there's
some
kind
of
assessment.
Thank
you,
gentlemen.
F
F
J
B
B
If
that
is
the
case,
you
will
know
going
in
so,
for
example,
group
of
clients
I
worked
with
over
years.
It
was
an
engineering
firm
and
the
only
people
I
ever
twist
were
engineers,
so
I
knew
that
they
were
going
to
be
a
little
more
data-driven.
They
want
to
get
to
the
point
a
lot
of
fluffy
stories
about
what
I
learned
in
training
probably
wasn't
the
way
to
go,
but
that's
rarely
the
case.
B
When
you
have
a
larger
audience,
you
want
to
mix
it
up,
so
there
might
be
something
engaging,
such
as
the
video
or
pictures,
as
you
saw
that
I
had.
You
might
have
some
data
and
some
statistics,
maybe
some
charts
that
will
satisfy
the
s
and
the
C
communicators,
but
also
putting
your
most
important
points
up
at
the
top
will
help
get
to
the
d
communicators
that
help
excellent.
B
B
F
Like
the
idea
of
tailoring
your
communication
style
to
the
DI
SC,
but
I'm
wondering
if
there's
any
research
I
mean
a
concern
that
popped
into
mind
was
that
you
might
come
across
as
inauthentic
in
it.
We'll
know
you
to
be
more
of
one
of
the
four
and
I
was
wondering
if
there's
any
research
about
that
or
for
you
to
talk
about
that.
Thank.
B
You
for
that
segue,
because
part
of
what
Senator
Bill
O'neil
is
going
to
talk
to
you
about
is
about
being
authentic.
So
let
me
just
give
you
a
couple
more
points
before
I
segue
on
to
our
talk
with
Senator
Bill
O'neil,
we
talked
about
making
our
message
short,
but
how
you
make
sure
that
it
lands
with
your
audience?
Okay,
one
of
the
ways
again.
Thank
you
for
that
awesome
question
is
to
avoid
using
canned
speeches,
and
you
want
to
see
how
bad
my
jokes
are.
Look
at
my
slide.
B
However,
they
always
said
the
same
thing
and
they
never
gave
an
authentic
speech.
Okay,
so
you
want
to
keep
it
fresh
and
there's
a
couple
of
ways.
You
can
do
that
using
your
stories,
whether
it's
something
about
your
district,
something
local,
something
you've
experienced
or
data,
okay,
lots
of
times
data
that
illustrates
a
point
will
resonate
some
of
you
and
senator.
Only
l
will
talk
to
you
about
this.
Some
of
you
might
not
like
to
get
personal
or
share
personal
stories.
That's
fine.
Okay,
then
find
something
related
to
the
work
you
do
to
talk
about.
B
In
the
current
issue
of
The
New
Yorker,
there's
an
article
about
Bernie
Sanders
and
one
of
the
things
they
touch
on.
That
really
resonated
with
me
is
that
Sanders
is
not
a
natural
storyteller,
and
if
you
watch
him
talk,
he
doesn't
really
tell
stories,
but
what
he
does
do
is
he
uses
data
to
dramatic
effect,
and
if
you
know
his
story,
it
makes
sense.
He
grew
up
in
Brooklyn,
the
first
town
he
represented
and
came
from
in
Vermont
was
a
town
of
200
people.
B
If
you're
talking
to
a
small
town
of
200
people
telling
your
stories
about
growing
up
in
Brooklyn
aren't
simply
isn't
going
to
land
right.
Okay,
so
share
something
that
will
make
sense.
It
will
land
and
be
authentic.
I'm
going
to
let
your
colleague
talk
to
you
about
that,
but
I
want
to
make
a
distinction
here
when
we
tell
people
things
like
share
your
stories
or
be
authentic.
For
some
reason,
it
sounds
like
we're
saying:
share
your
deep
dark
secrets,
not
at
all
just
sharing
something
that
is
real
and
authentic.
B
K
K
Well,
thank
you
all
for
coming
today.
This
is
really
a
great
energy
this
morning,
and
just
really
I'm
really
am
impressed
and
honored
to
be
here
in
the
way
of
an
introduction.
Basically,
you
know
storytelling
to
me
is
messaging
and
what
I'm
going
to
be
talking
a
lot
about
is
messaging
and
all
I
can
do
is
offer
my
own
experience
very
subjective.
K
K
My
brother,
my
own
brothers,
you
know
you're
a
politician
just
just
all
of
the
stereotypes
that
were
pushovers,
we're
just
waiting
for
the
lobbyists
handout
etc.
This
is
what
we're
up
against
and
I
was
honestly
stunned.
I'm
I
mean
I,
just
always
had
tremendous
respect
for
legislators.
I
was
an
advocate.
A
nonprofit
advocate
before
I
became
a
politician
and
I
remember,
going
to
an
NC
SL,
smaller
smaller
conference.
I
was
sponsored
by
the
Kettering
Foundation
and,
and
they
came
up
with
these
statistics,
like
60%
of
our
voters,
think
that
we
state
legislators
have
personal
drivers.
F
K
I
was
that's
just
one
one
example,
so
this
is
what
we're
up
against
as
far
as
telling
our
story
in
an
authentic
way
and
kind
of
like
really
getting
to
the
meat
of
who
we
are
so
I
whoops.
Yes,
so
I
just
have
to
include
this,
just
as
you
know,
rites
of
passage.
Many
of
you
know
what
it's
like
to
go
to
the
mailbox
when
your
opponent
or
an
IE
is
sending
out
stuff.
So
let
me
talk
about
this
messaging.
K
This
was
2010,
okay,
so
I
go
to
the
mailbox
and
there
I
am
in
a
mug
shot
and-
and
it
has
to
do
with
with
I
got
these
tickets
like
first
not
wearing
a
seat
belt
and
and
not
have
an
insurance
I
paid
it.
But
some
of
us
need
warrants
to
kind
of
remind
us
that
we
need
to
pay
but
and
I'll
never
forget.
You
know
like
going
going
to
Mass
that
Sunday
and
and
everybody's
looking
at
me
and
the
priest
is
gone.
K
I
had
no
idea,
but
everybody
was
teasing
me
and
here's
what
it
is
happily,
because
my
district
knew
me
I
do
a
lot
of
door-to-door
in
New
Mexico,
that's
a
real
tradition.
Our
districts
are
small
enough.
I
I'm,
a
senator,
but
I
have
50,000
people
in
my
district.
So
the
fact
that
people
knew
me
meant
that
this
was
ridiculous,
mostly
and
in
fact
I
would
say
it
even
backfired.
K
Some
of
the
Republicans
in
my
in
my
district
were
offended
by
this
whole
notion
that
I
was
a
secret
criminal,
all
right,
and
so,
but
that's
it
that's
a
good
case
scenario.
The
thing
is
the
irony.
Is
they
had
me
man?
They
had
me
on
a
vote
like
in
New
Mexico.
We
had
a
very
controversial
food
tax
measure
and
for
the
team
I
voted
for
the
food
tax,
oh
my
god
that
I
have
to
I
know
so
so
the
governor
assured
us
he'd
have
his.
You
know:
I,
don't
even
want
to
go
there.
K
H
K
You
voted
for
a
food
tax,
please,
why
did
you
vote
for,
but
they
went
down
this
rabbit
hole
of
turning
me
into
like
a
secret,
criminal
and
and
so
I
benefited
that
election.
I
won
by
a
hundred
and
sixty
three
votes,
five
thousand
on
each
side.
So
so
it
was,
you
know
these
things
matter.
They
kind
of
accumulate
these
little
nuances,
so
so
anyway.
Okay,
so
I
want
to
just
talk
about.
You
know.
This
is
about
successful
communication.
Obviously
winning
you
know
many
of
us,
wouldn't
we
wouldn't
be
here.
K
If
we
didn't
win,
I
mean
winning.
Is
everything
in
politics?
On
the
other
hand,
I
would
suggest
you
to
think
about
in
a
larger
sense.
What
is
successful?
Messaging
I
mean
who
are
we?
Who
are
we
as
as
legislative?
You
know,
candidates
or
state
officials,
you
know
can't,
can
we
risk
who
we
really
are
and-
and
that's
that's-
that's
a
real,
that's
a
real
question.
You
know
I
mean
I'm,
not
saying
like
confessional,
believing
that
your
opponents
will
take
care
of
that
they'll
they're
doing
their
opposition
research
right
now.
K
But
but
in
terms
of
you
know
who
what
is
what
is
who
who
we
are?
Who
are
we
and
then
I
think
it
gets
into
if
you,
if
you're
feeling
a
little
uneasy
about
sharing
stuff,
then
maybe
that's
the
right
track,
but
I'm
not
remotely
advocating
just
like
confessional,
sylvia
plath
kind
of
stuff?
Alright.
So
let
me
go
back
here
all
right,
so
I
I'm
going
to
use
this.
K
L
K
Of
my
grandparents
were
immigrants,
my
grandfather
worked
as
a
chauffeur
and
my
grandmother
as
a
maid
to
create
a
better
future
for
their
kids
and
people,
their
example
taught
me,
etc.
Okay
I
never
knew
my
grandparents
ever
on
that
side
of
the
family.
All
right.
Yes,
my
dad
was
an
Irish.
You
know
he
was
poor,
growing
up
and
and
sadly
I
just
never.
My
grandparents
on
his
side
had
died
by
the
time
I
came
into
this
world.
On
the
other
hand,
my
oh,
is
it
okay,
oh
okay,.
K
Honey,
on
the
other
hand,
okay,
my
mother,
okay,
excuse
me
she
was
a
debutante,
her
her
father.
My
grandfather
on
that
side
went
to
was
a
classmate
of
Franklin
Roosevelt
at
Harvard,
I
mean
I.
I
was
born
into
an
affluent
Irish
Catholic
family.
Okay.
This
is
not.
This
is
not
who
I
am
no
I.
Didn't
I
didn't
lose
this
election
because
of
this,
but
it
was
all
about.
That's
who
my
consultants
wanted
me
to
be,
and
at
the
time
I
didn't
have
gumption
to
say:
that's
not
who
I
am
I'm.
K
Excuse
me,
but
I
bring
this
up
because
I
mean
I.
I
just
feel
bad.
I
was
a
misrepresentation
of
Who
I
am
to
my
voters,
so
so
I
just
used
that
as
an
example
of
for
me,
the
wrong
kind
of
messaging
okay.
Now
this
is
funny
because
the
slide
should
say
more
like
it,
but
it
says
more
of
the
same.
So
that's
very
interesting,
but
I'm
doing
this,
because
this
is
more
Who.
I
am
fast
forward,
2016,
so
disregard
it's
meant
to
be
more
like
it
rather
than
the
2004
mailing.
K
So
you
know
I
use
this
mailing
because
it
is
crime
related
and
and
if
you're
going
to
put
a
mailing
out
crime,
you
know
it's
divisive,
it
gets
people
nervous.
My
real-world
experiences
in
that
area
worked
with
adult
men
and
parolees
coming
out
of
prison
and
more
recently
juveniles-
and
you
know-
I-
tend
to
be
I'm
very
interested
in
criminal
justice,
reform
and
and
all
those
kind
of
things,
but
it
made
me
a
little
nervous
because
it's
a
crime,
I
was
it's.
A
I
was
in
a
pretty
good
situation
with
my
opponent.
K
He
never
did
do
anything
enchants
me
so
I
mean
we
were
waiting
for
his
mailing,
but
but
but
it
was
kind
of
risky
for
me
and
what
was
really
risky
was
you'll
note.
The
football
in
my
hand,
all
right,
okay,
so
that
is
to
reference.
I
was
second
in
the
Ivy
League
and
kickoff
returns
my
senior
year
at
Cornell.
Okay,
so
I
have
this
bio.
So
exactly
like,
why
why
you
know
kind
of
minimize
all
this
like
kind
of
trivializes
the
importance
of
crime
but
but
but
it
does,
it
does
get
it.
K
The
fact
I
have
to
say
yes,
I
was
second
in
the
Ivy
League
and
kickoff
return
average,
but
we
were
terrible.
We
were
a
horrible
team,
so
I
had
many
many
kick
returns.
I
was
also
Palmer
Turner,
but
rarely
had
an
opportunity
in
that
way,
but
but
so
it
was
just
a
way
of
of
you
know,
working
my
story
and,
and
so
anyway,
but
I
survived
this
mailing.
K
Okay,
no
I
want
to
emphasize.
This
is
totally
subjective.
No,
maybe
this
works
for
people,
but
I
have
get
really
irritated
with
all
these
email,
solicitations
and
I
just
use
this
as
an
example.
You
know
it
again
not
to
ridicule
this
particular
one.
But
but
here
we
have.
Oh,
my
god,
you
know
my
husband
is
so
great
and
and
then
our
kids.
K
Does
that
mean
our
friends
can
stop
moving
away?
Now
you
know
and
then
at
the
end,
can
you
send
us
five
dollars
five
dollars,
you're
going
to
do
that
for
five
dollars,
I
mean
it's
just
to
me.
It's
it's
false.
It's
like
sentimental.
It's
like
give
me
a
break
okay,
but
on
the
other
hand,
I
could
be
totally
wrong
and
again
I
respect
anybody
who's.
Doing
this
you
know
messaging.
Is
you
just
do
what
you
can,
but
I
am
always
suspicious
of
the
consultant.
K
Okay.
So
this
is
an
example
of
what
does
work.
In
my
opinion,
from
my
Republican
friends,
this
is
a
mailing
done
by
the
current
Republican
House
Representative,
who
has
now
my
seat
and
I,
was
working
really
hard
against
her
boy,
just
really
working
hard
against
her
and
then
I
got
this
in
the
mailbox
and
I
thought
this
race
is
toast.
This
woman
is
winning
this
race.
No,
it's
not
the
most
risky
mailing
I
mean
you've,
got
holy
communion,
you've
got
horses,
etc.
K
But
it
really
it
really
like
gives
you
a
sense
of
who
she
is.
It's
not
message
driven.
It's
not
pull
driven
I
mean
it's
very
self-serving,
but
it
is
I
thought
it
was
great.
So
so
that's
in
my
opinion,
what
works
and
then
this
later
on,
I
just
talked
about
the
importance
of
contact.
You
know
this
is
what
I
do
I
do:
email,
newsletters,
but
I,
don't
ask
for
five
dollars
all
right,
I,
don't
know
what
hassle,
but
it's
basically
I'm
talking
to
my
constituents
and
I'll
talk
about
the
importance
of
contact
and
I'm.
K
K
We
have
this
great
tradition
of
door-to-door,
but
email
newsletters
I
do
a
constituent
survey
before
each
each
session
and
and
I
get
quite
a
response
from
my
district
and
it's
it's
wonderful,
because
I
always
have
a
spaces.
What
I
do
is
I
try
to
anticipate
the
the
issues
that
we're
going
to
talk
about
during
the
session
I
mean
what's
what's
on
people's
minds
and
I
always
leave
room
for
comments
and,
of
course
we
want
those
email
addresses
and
I've
been
really.
You
know,
it's
been
very
successful
on
that
level.
K
L
K
Sample
but
I
get
I
get
criticise,
mean
sometimes
that
office
constituents
say
well.
Your
question
is
so
biased,
like
so
I
try
to
be,
you
know
increasingly
trying
to
be
objective
and
sincerity.
Okay,
please
oh
wait.
I'm,
sorry,
mid-session
franking
letter
in
New
Mexico.
We
have
that
it's
just
good
any
kind
of
contact
with
repeated
contact.
K
That's
why
I
was
able
to
win
in
2010
many
people,
but
because
of
my
food
tax
boat,
that
I
was
toasting
but
but
other
reasons,
but
it
but
it
just
a
repeated
contact,
especially
if
you're
new,
that's
just
key
and
then
sincerity.
Okay,
no
matter
what
no
matter
how
you
vote,
your
constituents
want
to
know
what
you
believe
and
yes,
it's
hard
to
be
punished
for
unpopular
votes.
K
But
you
know
you
can
just
need
it
to
vote
the
way
that
you
feel
I
mean
you
are
elected
to
to
represent
your
district,
to
use
your
judgment
not
to
just
read
the
polls
and
so
forth.
So
I
think
our
four
I
think
there's
a
deep
longing
on
the
part
of
our
constituents
for
authenticity
as
as
Mariana
mentioned,
and
then
finally
just
define
yourself
before
your
opponent.
Does
you
know
who
you
are?
K
K
Poor
daddy
was
just
never
accepted
the
fact
that
I
was
a
Democrat
and
you
know,
bless
his
heart,
but
I
have
a
real,
strong
bipartisan
instinct,
so
I,
don't
just
I,
just
not
big
on
ideological
purity.
I
just
think
we
need
to
work
together.
Okay
to
that
point,
this
is
Edmund
Burke.
Your
representative
owes
you
not
his
industry,
only
his
or
her,
but
his
or
her
judgment,
and
he
or
she
betrays
instead
of
serving
you
if
he
sacrifices
it
to
your
opinions.
K
Now
will
forget
the
fact
that
I
think
he
lost
his
next
election
in
Ireland,
but
will
disregard
that,
but
I
mean
truly.
We
I
strongly
believe
we
are.
We
are
elected
to
use
our
judgment
and
and
that's
I,
you
know
that
just
keeps
coming
back
for
me,
it's
just
important
for
me
and
and
so
I
just
love
that
quote
and
and
so
next
we're
going
to
okay
and
the
spirit
of
taking
difficult
votes,
and
you
know
telling
your
story.
K
If
you're
going
to
go
kayak,
you
know
kayak
on
this
boat,
meaning
for
me
it'd
be,
are,
you
know,
go
against
the
trial
lawyers
or
the
unions,
and
you
know
you're
going
to
go
kayak.
So
it's
become
this
sort
of
fun
image,
so
this
is
called
kayak.
Okay,
so
tip
see
in
the
cross
current
of
participles,
a
deep
river
of
partisan
belief
that
will
drown
the
same
person
fury
to
be
unleashed
on
the
texting
machines,
and
otherwise
here
it
comes
my
moment
of
dissent.
Eyebrows
raised
averted
glances
waiting
for
the
barrage
of
incredulous
electronic
messages.
K
K
But
my
district
wants
to
be
surprised,
I
protest.
They
grow
weary
of
having
their
own
views
just
reflected
back
to
them.
It's
a
coward's
mirror
in
that
moment
of
bravery,
floating
indecision
and
unruly
choices,
no
reasonable
tones
of
a
father
grinning.
He
comes
to
our
back
road
speaking
of
kayak.
He
is
willing
willing
to
stare
down
our
act
of
believers
and
wants
only
to
be
liberated
from
the
unifor
to
be
of
partisan
belief,
I'm
feeling
the
kayak
today
Isaac
begins
with
his
mischievous
young
man's
grin.
Indeed,
I
am
dude.
K
We
counsel
from
our
maturity.
Wasn't
yesterday
enough,
he
smiling
unconvinced
they
will
punish
you.
They
will
question
your
very
bang.
I,
don't
care
Isaac
shrugs
primary
me,
okay,
so
I.
As
for
this
legislator,
I
cannot
pretend
to
be
stupid
yet
again
today
watch
this
freak
vote
so
that
that's
my
kayak
pause.
Okay,
alright
and
many
of
you
know
what
that's
like
I'm
sure,
so,
just
in
closing
and
I
can
take,
maybe
a
couple
questions
and
then
we'll
get
back
to
Mariana.
Here
you
know
I
just
I'm
very
idealistic.
K
This
is,
we
can
do
so
much
better
politically
and
it
needs
to
start
with
us.
This
is
about
what
we
can
be
I
mean.
We
talk
all
the
time,
at
least
in
my
chamber,
amongst
ourselves,
ours
and
Di's.
We
gotta
we
got
to
do
this
better,
we
got
it
like.
You
know,
work
together
and
and
and
so
I
just
feel
it's
important,
and
it's
going
to
it's
not
going
to
start
with
Congress,
it's
not
going
to
come
from
Congress,
it's
not
going
to
come
from
our
constituents
who
are
sadly
divided.
K
You
know
partisan,
released
my
what
I
hear
on
my
emails
and
so
forth.
It
tends
to
be
very
partisan,
but
I
do
believe
that
we
need
to
risk
the
kayak.
We
need
to
work
together
and
it's
just
otherwise.
Nothing
will
change
so
and
we
can
talk
about
it
and
I've
been
you
know,
and
it's
hard
I,
it's
very
hard.
K
I
know
the
votes
that
I'm
looking
at
next
session,
that
I
want
to
take
and
I
just
have
to
remind
myself:
I
mean
I,
just
don't
like
it
and
beat
up
and
with
the
emails
and
all
effect
really
is
that's.
Why
what
we
do
is
so
challenging,
but
I
would
say
state
legislators
are
the
key
to
our
to
our
salvation
as
a
democracy.
So
that's
that's.
My
presentation
and
I
can
take
a
couple
questions
if,
if,
if
that
is
appropriate,.
K
K
District
is
50,000
people,
a
house
district
is
25
and
then
right
now
we're.
We
have
a
Democratic
legislature
by
a
hair
in
the
house.
Actually,
two
years
ago
it
was
a
Republican
House.
We've
been
a
traditionally
a
Senate
Democratic
Senate,
since
the
50s
we're
sort
of
a
purple
state
some
time.
So
it's
been
a
while,
but
but
we
have,
we've
have
a
Republican
governor
and
we've
had
a
tradition
of
Republican
governors,
but
historically
in
New
Mexico
is
pretty
democratic,
but
it
you
know
everything
is
pretty
fluid
right
now.
So
that's
where
we
are.
It's.
H
I'm
aware
Chara
gasta
I'm,
a
member
of
parliament
Oh
from
the
Republic
of
Uganda,
the
pal
of
Africa,
a
lawyer
by
profession
and
an
advocate
with
current
law,
so
practicing
international
economic
law.
So
I'm
doing
two
things
at
the
same
time
representing
my
people
and
at
the
same
time,
practicing
commercial
law
in
the
Commonwealth
used.
Addictions
I
have
a
simple
question
for
you,
because
it
appears.
H
H
K
Thanks
for
the
question,
we
are
boy,
we
know
that
one
and
it's
basically
I
think
honestly
and
I
believe
it's
to
my
core.
My
my
voters
want
me
to
be
real.
They
want
me
to
be
authentic.
They
want
me
to
they
trust
my
judgement
and
they're
not
going
to
agree
with
me
all
the
time
and
that's
the
challenge
when,
when
you
vote
in
a
certain
way
where
people
are
angry
with
you,
they
walk
for
you.
K
B
B
We
just
fast
forward
here,
thanks
for
sticking
with
us,
okay,
so
we've
heard
about
planning
your
message,
thinking
about
your
audience,
making
it
clear,
concise
to
the
point
and
then
being
authentic
and
sharing
a
little
bit
more
of
yourself.
So
we're
going
to
pick
this
up
in
part
three
again
bear
with
me,
while
I
catch
up
to
my
place.
B
B
For
those
of
you
who
either
make
presentations
we'll
make
presentations
or
use
some
kind
of
handout
or
printed
material,
I
want
to
give
you
some
ideas
for
making
your
visuals
effective,
raise
your
hand
if
you
have
ever
received
either
a
handout,
or
you
watched
a
presentation
that
was
like
a
novel
and
you're
looking
at
its
word
soup.
Why
are
you
making
me
read
this
yeah?
So
don't
do
that
to
your
recipients.
B
We
want
to
make
sure
not
to
set
our
message
lands
with
this
intended
recipient,
but
if
you
are
using
a
visual
aid
and
I
highly
recommend
that
you
do,
there
are
visual
learners.
There
are
auditory
learners.
There
are
tactile
learners,
we're
going
to
hear
about
that
in
a
moment,
but
it's
important
to
understand.
B
Why
looks
matter
and
I'm
sure
all
of
us
intrinsically
know
this
on
some
level,
but
when
you
look
at
what's
out
there,
even
just
at
some
websites,
it's
amazing
how
few
people
take
the
time
to
make
sure
that
their
visuals
are
effective
in
landing
with
their
audience.
So
why?
Why
should
your
visuals
look
good?
Well,
here's
why?
What
your
audience
sees
is
your
first
impression.
We
all
know
the
cliche.
B
You
never
get
a
second
chance
to
make
a
first
impression,
but
can
you
think
of
a
time
when
you
either
saw
a
menu
at
a
restaurant
that
was
really
just
either
yucky
or
just
looks
bad
and
you
thought
well
I,
don't
want
to
eat
here
or,
if
you've
ever
gone
to
a
website
that
is
severely
outdated.
I
have
some
examples
to
show
you.
B
So
if
your
stuff
look
bad
guess
what
you
lost
them-
and
you
might
also
lose
that
opportunity
to
make
your
point,
especially
if
your
visuals
are
helped
drive
home
the
point
providing
some
supporting
data
or
something
that
you
want
to
make
sure
your
audience
gets.
So
you
might
lose
that
opportunity.
Okay,
here
is
one
of
my
favorite
examples.
B
What
am
I
referencing
here?
Breaking
Bad,
yes,
chocolate
for
the
gentleman
in
the
back
coming
off
of
a
speech
from
the
senator
from
New
Mexico,
those
of
you
who
watched
Breaking,
Bad
or
those
of
you
who
didn't
there
was
a
character
on
the
show,
the
son
who
was
concerned
about
his
dad.
His
dad
was
dying
with
lung
cancer.
So
the
son
set
up
a
save
Walter
White
web
site,
where,
on
the
show,
people
could
donate
money
to
help
raise
money
for
our
Walter
White's
medical
cost.
B
This
was
the
website
by
the
way,
if
you
go
there
save
Walter,
White
calm.
This
is
what
you
will
see.
It
is
one
of
the
ugliest
websites
I've
ever
seen.
This
is
what
websites
looked
like
in
1997.
They
had
those
ugly
templates
with
sparkles
and
colors,
there's
yellow
text
and
it
switches
to
white
text.
The
font
changes
throughout
and
the
photos
are
pretty
blurry.
Would
you
want
to
stand
that
website
very
long
for
getting
ass,
Breaking
Bad?
Would
you
guys
you
didn't
know
this
was
a
Breaking
Bad
website?
B
Would
you
want
to
visit
the
site
for
very
long?
No,
a
lot
of
you
in
the
front
are
shaking
your
heads
and
I
agree
with
you.
Okay,
ugly,
ugly
website
here
is
another
reason
why
what
our
listeners
see
matters
I
asked
before
who
reached
the
State
Legislatures
magazine
online,
who
listens
to
our
American
States,
the
NCSL
podcast
come
on
okay,
if
I
come
back
in
a
year,
I
want
all
those
hands
going
up
if
you're
not
listening
to
it.
I
highly
recommend
you
do
I
invite
you
to
listen
to
it.
B
It's
very
short:
it's
very
informative.
If
there's
only
one
you
check
out
those
of
you
who
didn't
raise
your
hand.
Oh
no
they're!
Only
five
of
you
that
raise
your
hand
if
there's
one
you
check
out
I
highly
recommend
you
listen
to
episode
12
from
June
22nd.
Stacey
householder
is
on
this
episode,
talking
about
how
the
brain
works
and
how
that
applies
to
our
work.
B
But
what
I
really
took
away
from
this
podcast,
something
she
points
out.
That
is
stunning
is
that
our
brains
relies
60%
on
visuals
for
information
and
because
our
brains
are
over
reliant
on
what
we
see.
That
is
why
we
need
to
endeavor
to
make
sure
our
visuals
land
with
the
audience
that
they
look
good
and
are
effective.
Okay,
something
that
really
drove
home.
The
point
for
me
and
when
I
heard
that
statistic
I
count:
oh
yeah,
you
ever
do
this.
B
You
go
to
a
concert
to
hear
a
band
you
like
and
then,
as
soon
as
someone
sits
in
front
of
you
or
has
a
big
head,
you
go
like
this
because
you
got
to
see
the
musician
and
I
always
wondered
about
that.
I
always
wondered
if
I'm
coming
to
hear
the
band.
Why
do
I
always
have
to
see
the
band
it's
because
our
brains
take
in
information
by
over
relying
on
our
sight?
So
let
me
give
you
some
guidelines,
folks,
I'm,
going
to
start
with.
B
Thank
you
for
closing
the
doors
on
the
back,
we're
getting
some
hall
noise
I'm,
going
to
start
with
a
guidelines
that
mostly
pertain
to
big
visuals
like
PowerPoint,
and
then
I
will
talk
about
printed.
But
some
of
these
guidelines
can
flip-flop
for
both
okay,
if
you
are
making
slides,
if
you
use
PowerPoint
or
Prezi
one
idea
per
slide,
we
don't
do
the
data
dump.
Okay,
you
can
always
have
more
slides,
there's
no
formula
that
five
slides
equals
two
minutes
or
anything
like
that
can
always
use
more
slides.
B
What
I
like
to
encourage
people
to
do
for
slides
is
follow
the
three
by
three
rule.
Now
this
is
a
bit
constrictive,
but
it
is
just
a
guideline.
What's
three
by
three
means
is
three
bullet
points
down
no
more
than
three
words
of
text
across
very
limiting,
probably
not
realistic,
but
here's
the
takeaway
from
that
don't
write
a
novel.
Have
you
ever
seen,
slides
that
are
just
big
persons,
an
entire
text,
and
then
they
read
it
to
you.
Don't
do
that!
B
Here's
something
else!
I
want
you
to
remember
the
audience
or
your
listener
always
have
a
secret
question
in
her
mind
or
his
mind.
That
question
is
always
with
them.
What's
in
it,
for
me,
translation,
your
visuals
need
to
be
relevant
and
need
to
have
something
for
the
audience.
What's
in
it.
For
me,
throughout
your
visuals
I
encourage
you
to
be
consistent.
Consistency
is
key.
B
B
The
content,
as
I
mentioned
this
kind
of
ties
into
the
width
on
the
what's
in
it.
For
me,
the
content
must
be
relevant
to
your
audience,
but
also
what
you
are
talking
about,
or
what
information
you
are
supplying
so
make
sure
that
it
relates
that
it's
not
some
random
thing
if
you
are
providing
some
kind
of
supplemental
material
or
a
leave
behind.
Let
them
know
that
you
know
I'm
not
going
to
talk
about
this
today,
but
I
want
you
to
see
this
chart.
B
You
can
take
this
home
and
look
at
it
later,
but
if
you
throw
up
something
that
you
give
no
mention
to
or
the
audience
doesn't
see
how
it's
relevant,
they
will
be
confused
and
also
your
visuals.
This
is
a
good
rule
for
any
kind
of
visual
you
create,
must
have
a
negative
space.
Negative
space
is
any
part
that
doesn't
have
text
or
an
image
on
it.
B
Okay,
let
me
touch
on
fonts
I
mentioned
I
would
mention
these.
What
you
are
looking
at
here
in
this
first
line
of
text.
This
is
a
sans
serif
font.
It
means
it
has
clean
edges
for
large
projective
images
such
as
a
presentation,
I
recommend
sans
serif
fonts.
They
are
easier
to
be
read
at
a
distance.
You
don't
believe
me
look
at
billboards
and
there
are
a
lot
of
bad
billboards.
The
best
ones
have
clean
edges
on
the
fonts,
the
ones
that
put
scripture
like
the
curlicue
fonts.
You
can't
read
them.
B
Oh
no,
this
didn't
translate
shoot.
This
was
a
discreet
from
a
Mac
to
a
PC,
so
ok,
the
second
line
is
supposed
to
have
serifs
on
it.
Guess
who
didn't
fix
that
today?
Sorry
for
that
this
is
a
serif
font.
Let
me
you
know
what
I
want
to
show
you
this
I'm,
going
to
see
if
I
can
type
one
really
quick
and
pull
it
up.
Apologies
and
of
course
it
goes
back
to
Bill
thing.
No
I
got
it
see
if
I
can
pull
this
up
and
give
you
something
serif.
B
That's
all
tiny,
but
if
you
can
see
I
wanted
to
make
the
point
here
where
it
says
this
is
a
serif
font.
Serifs
are
those
little
feet
at
the
end
of
text.
You
see
these
usually
on
typewriters,
that's
where
they
originally
came
from,
but
those
little
feet.
It's
not
great
for
a
projected
image
as
you
can
see,
but
when
you
are
making
something
printed,
12
points
or
so
something
like
a
handout.
B
You
want
the
serif
font,
because
what
those
serifs
do
the
little
feet
they
connect
one
letter
to
the
other
and
it
is
easier
for
the
eyes
to
read.
Books
are
printed
with
serif,
fonts,
okay,
so
clean
edges
for
projected
serif
font
for
printed
materials
and
my
final
one.
This
is
an
obnoxious
font,
stay
away
from
these
at
all
costs,
no
matter
what
you're
doing
printed
or
projected
hard
to
read.
No
one
likes
it
so
I'm
going
to
show
you
some
bad
examples
of
visuals,
and
please
tell
me
what
you
notice
is
going
on
here.
B
B
So
what
okay,
if
you're
presenting
data
it
needs
to
tell
the
story
or
we
need
to
say
what
we
want
the
audience
to
take
away
from
this
by
the
way
and
bill
senator
I'll
ask
you
to
help
me
out
here.
Anyone
know
where
I
got
those
names
from
on
the
left
of
these
candidates.
I
made
these
up.
Who
not
house
of
cards,
see
who
is
the
first
person
say,
beats
bet
there?
Okay,
senator.
Can
you
make
sure
the
gentleman?
Can
you
stand
up?
Please?
Yes,
he
gets
candy.
B
He
doesn't
play
football
anymore
folks,
he
caught
it.
Yes,
that's
right.
He
was
a
catcher
okay,
so,
yes,
candidates,
I,
pulled
names
from
veep
and
notice.
It's
just
a
data
dump
also
notice
how
tiny
my
text
is
here.
That's
ridiculous!
When
you're
doing
PowerPoint,
the
smallest
font
you
should
ever
use
is
28
point
anything
28,
28,
point
yeah,
anything
less
than
28
will
be
difficult
for
your
audience
to
read.
Okay.
So
what
do
we
have
here?
B
A
lot
of
names,
some
running
for
governor
some
running
for
attorney
general,
how
much
they
raised
how
much
they
spent,
but
I
still
don't
know
what
my
takeaway
is
here
and
it's
horrible.
Looking,
okay,
here's
what
I
was
trying
to
show
whenever
you
have
data,
especially
if
it's
coming
from
a
table
or
a
chart
I'll
come
back
to
you
in
a
moment
when
you
have
a
data
or
a
chart,
you
don't
just
want
to
dump
the
information
there.
B
You
want
your
audience
to
know
what
it
is
they're
supposed
to
see
or
take
away,
and
what
I
was
trying
to
show
from
this
chart.
The
original
one
I
had
what
I
wanted
to
illustrate
was
that
sue,
Wilson,
outspent
her
competitors
and
look
at
by
how
much
she
spent
twenty
three
thousand
four
hundred
five
thousand
twenty.
Well,
you
can
see
it
right
because
I
gave
you
a
big
fun,
but
also
notice
what
I
did
with
the
title.
B
Instead
of
giving
you
a
generic
spending
by
Illinois
candidates,
I
told
the
story
in
the
title,
and
you
want
your
title
to
say
what's
going
on
here
or
say
when
you're
trying
to
illustrate
in
the
Illinois
gubernatorial
race,
sue
Wilson
spent
the
most
of
any
candidate
and
that's
what
I'm
trying
to
show
here.
She
spent
over
23
million
and
notice.
I
also
made
her
line
bold
because
she
is
the
take
away.
B
I
didn't
need
to
show
who
was
running
for
attorney
general,
because
I
didn't
want
you
to
take
away
or
know
anything
about
the
Attorney
General.
We
were
focusing
on
the
governor's
race
and
that
was
it
and
sue
Wilson
outspent
her
candidates,
another
bad
example.
This
is
what
I
mean
by
putting
a
novel
on
your
slides
and
remember
a
moment
ago.
I
said
that
consistency
is
key.
Look
at
how
those
bullets
are
written,
it's
right,
it's
terrible
on
purpose,
oxygen,
discovered,
Helsinki,
Act
signs
and
I
start
with
a
short
date
8:00
to
1776.
B
Then
I
start
with
just
a
year.
1850
then
I
start
with
another
factoid.
Okay,
the
date
formats
are
all
over
the
point:
I've
written
a
novel
here,
it's
hard
to
read
it's
clunky
and
if
I
threw
this
up
here,
you'd
probably
sit
there
reading
it.
Instead
of
listening
to
me
right
so
I
have
someone
said
what
exactly
so.
There
are
a
couple
of
ways
you
could
do.
This
I
have
a
couple
of
examples
for
you.
B
But
and
again
this
is
just
an
example,
but
I
want
you
in
your
work
to
think
about
what
do
I
want
this
to
say
what
do
I
want
the
audience
to
take
away.
What
might
be
the
best
way
to
present
this
okay,
if
I
just
want
to
notate
what
happened
in
August
of
various
years.
I
might
just
do
a
simple
table
like
this
hey
what
happened
in
1774
in
August,
17,
76
and
I
like
to
think
that
you
know
after
oxygen
was
discovered.
B
Two
years
later,
the
Declaration
of
Independence
independence
was
signed,
I
like
to
think
they're
connected
somehow
I,
maybe
I,
don't
know
or
maybe
I
just
want
to
show
over
a
range
of
time.
So
maybe
I'll
do
a
simple
timeline
rather
than
doing
a
data
dump
again.
What's
your
point?
What
do
you
want
to
get
across
what's
going
to
matter
or
make
sense
to
your
audience?
Okay,
here's
another
horrible
slide!
What's
wrong
with
it
background.
Yes,
the
backgrounds
too
dark.
The
text
is
due
to
dark.
B
Reds
oranges
and
greens
are
a
little
hard
for
colorblind
audience
members
to
distinguish
so
I
like
to
be
a
little
judicious,
so
yeah
if
you're
using
a
dark,
slide
light
text.
Okay,
someone
I
think
you
should
know
if
you
do
ever
need
to
present
data
I
highly
recommend
you
check
out
Stephanie
evergreens
website,
Stephanie,
evergreen
calm.
She
is
a
master
of
data
and
a
master
of
data.
Visualization
and
I
agree
with
what
she
says.
B
She
believes
that
when
were
the
ones
presenting
data,
it
is
on
us
to
present
data
effectively,
because,
if
we're
effective
in
how
we
present
our
data,
the
conversation
changes
and
she's
right
I'm
going
to
show
you
some
examples
from
her,
but
I
highly
recommend
checking
out
her
website
because
I,
even
just
her
newsletter,
I
guess
so
many
tips
from
now.
This
was
an
actual
chart
that
Stephanie
was
given
to
work
with
a
few
years
ago,
and
this
is
exactly
how
it
was
presented,
all
grey
and
dark.
What's
wrong
with
this,
what
don't
you
like
about?
B
This
did
I
hear
it's
pitiful.
It
is
pitiful,
yes,
and
what
else
I
heard
something
over
here.
It
is
hard
to
decipher
yes,
so
this
chart,
if
any
of
you
who
have
ever
made
a
chart
or
a
graph
in
Microsoft
Excel
or
in
PowerPoint
you
plug
in
the
data,
and
it
looks
easy
because
it
ought
to
make
automatically
turns
out
something
for
you
with
the
labels,
but
this
was
the
default.
This
is
what
the
program
cranked
out
and
what
else
I
have
a
problem
with
here
is
I.
B
Don't
know
what
I'm
supposed
to
take
away
from
this
graduation
rates,
my
majors.
So
what
got
some
years
here?
I
can't
really
distinguish
the
bars
and
I
can't
tell
who's
dipping
down
so
kind
of
messed
up
and
I.
Don't
know
what
I'm
supposed
to
take
away
and
I
bet
you
don't
either
there's
how
Stephanie
changed
it.
Okay,
she
made
the
graph
bigger
added,
color,
took
away
all
the
labels
and
then
just
used
a
simple
call-out
to
point
out
what
the
takeaway
was
from
this
graph
and
I.
Think
it's
great
okay.
B
What
we
were
supposed
to
see
is
that,
over
a
range
of
years,
in
one
year,
the
theatre
department
had
the
lowest
graduation
rate.
So
what
the
college
was
recommending
was
that
either
tutoring
the
offer
to
these
students
or
recommend
that
they
changed
their
major,
so
I
like
that
yeah,
it's
okay
to
laugh!
It's
fine
I
grew
up
among
theatre
people.
We
can
laugh
it
at
the
graduation
rates
and
I'm.
So
you
know
what
was
anyone
in
here
a
theater
major?
B
Yes,
okay,
I
get
theater
my
whole
life,
so
I'm
right
there
with
you,
okay,
but
you
notice
how
much
easier
to
read
and
the
call-out
tells
us
what
we
need
to
take
away
versus
this,
where
we're
left
to
kind
of
just
figure
it
out
so
always
decide
what
kind
of
story
you're
telling
what's
the
take
away?
What
do
you
want
your
audience
to
see?
B
We,
you
know
we
kind
of
have
to
hold
their
hand
and
walk
them
through
it,
because
they're
not
mind
reader's,
okay,
moving
on
from
presenting
large
what,
if
you're,
giving
some
printed
material?
Well,
maybe
you'll
have
a
handout.
Handouts
are
great,
especially
when
you're
presenting,
as
you
saw
today,
because
they're
good
for
visual
learners.
Visual
learners
always
want
something
to
look
at
I.
Think
handouts
are
also
good
for
tactile
learners,
because
the
tactile
learners
either
need
to
be
playing
with
pipe
cleaners
or
writing.
B
While
they
learn
it
can
be
a
place
to
take
notes,
but
for
people
who
prefer
to
listen
a
handout.
If
it's
supporting
what
you
say
will
also
free
up
their
minds,
their
brains,
their
eyes
their
ears,
and
they
can
look
at
the
handout
later
you
can
even
instruct
them
to
do
that.
If
you
want
handouts
are
great
leads
behind.
It
is
a
static
reminder.
B
After
your
talk
after
you're
gone,
it's
a
good
reminder
of
your
takeaways,
or
it's
a
good
place
that
you
can
also
put
some
supplemental
information,
something
you
want
them
to
see
later,
maybe
something
you
can't
give
in
the
talk.
Remember
what
I
said
earlier,
decide
what
you
can
leave
out
or
what
maybe
do
I
not
need
to
share
with
this
person
right
now
put
it
on
a
handout
can
put
references
there.
Resources
I
also
recommend
that
you
put
your
contact
information
on
it
here.
B
My
guidelines
for
creating
your
own
handout
number
one,
not
a
data
dump,
do
not
write
a
novel
on
your
hand.
Up
bullet
points,
maybe
charts
graphs,
some
visuals
photos
don't
write
a
novel
on
it.
Okay
handouts
have
to
be
useful
if
it
doesn't
supplement
what
you're
saying
doesn't
support
what
you're
saying
doesn't
tie
to
it.
It's
not
going
to
be
very
useful
for
the
person
who
takes
it
home,
similar
to
slides,
use
a
lot
of
negative
space.
We've
spaced
around
the
edges,
don't
cram
it
in
there.
B
Okay
and
a
question
to
ask
yourself
before
you
put
a
handout
together
or
some
supplemental
information
is
what
is
the
purpose?
So
the
reason
I
say
this
is
the
person
who
takes
at
home
is
going
to
want
to
know
okay,
so
the
purpose
should
be
clear.
Is
it
supplemental
information
to
what
you
said?
Is
it
in
support
of
what
you
said?
Is
it
a
copy
of
your
slides?
That
will
be
pretty
obvious.
You
all
got
some
handouts
for
this
part,
so
feel
free
to
take
notes
on
those
again.
B
You
can
include
follow-up
resources,
but
also
always
have
some
kind
of
contact
information,
whether
it's
the
website
for
your
office
phone
number
email,
whatever
makes
sense
for
you,
okay,
but
at
a
bare
minimum.
Have
your
name
or
the
name
of
your
office
on
it,
because
how
many,
how
many
of
you
has
what's
happening
to
where
you
get
a
handout
or
you
get
a
workbook
from
some
presentation
or
training
you
go
to
and
you
get
back
to
your
office?
Look
at
it!
Six
months
later,
you're
going
I
wonder
what
this
was
from
yeah.
B
When
was
this.
When
did
I?
Do
this
so
make
sure
that
you've
got
some
good
contact
information
on
there
here,
I'd
like
to
pause
and
hear
what
you
want
to
ask
me
about
creating
visuals
or
using
visuals
to
support
what
you
say
so.
Similarly,
if
you
have
a
question,
come
on
up
to
one
of
these,
two
mics
I'll
be
happy
to
answer
your
questions
and
we
have
one
from
earlier.
So.
G
Hi
good
morning
again,
my
name
is
Joaquin
iya
Clanton
and
my
question
goes
back
to
the
slide
that
you
were
doing
on
the
projected
images.
Yes
and
I
wanted
to
know
whether
or
not
those
same
tips
work
for
websites
as
well.
I
know
we're
talking
about
powerpoints
at
that
particular
time,
but
those
are
just
like
general
rule
of
thumb,
even
when
we're
designing
websites
and
social
media
posts,
and
things
like
that,
that's.
B
A
great
question:
if
it
pertains
to
website
social
media,
here's
how
I'm
going
to
answer
it.
Yes,
but
because
the
way
we
went
the
challenge
with
websites
and
things
like
social
media,
especially
in
this
type
of
work,
is
that
they
tend
to
be
more
marketing
tools,
so
there's
a
whole
different
set
of
rules
that
apply
they're,
not
entirely
different,
because
you
do
still
want
it
to
be
effective
visually
and
have
good
information
on
it.
But,
for
instance,
I
would
recommend
that
you
talk
to
someone
who
is
an
expert
in
website
communications.
B
If
there
is
one
freebie
I
can
give
you
for
that.
There's
a
company
in
Chicago
called
Orbitz
media
Orbitz
Mediacom
sign
up
for
their
newsletter
because
the
tips
you're
talking
about
they
will
tell
you
things
about
hero
page
and
how
to
get
more
signups
for
your
newsletter
and
how
to
make
sure,
there's
not
too
much
text
on
your
website,
so
Orbitz
Mediacom.
They
actually
address
a
lot
of
this.
B
So
yes,
a
lot
of
the
rules
are
similar,
but
because
websites
websites
are
tricky
because
sometimes
they're
static
and
sometimes
there's
parts
of
the
website
that
always
change.
So
it's
different
depending
on
what
the
purpose
of
each
web
page
is
so
I
would
refer
you
to
talk
to
someone
or
at
least
look
at
Orbitz
media
and
see
what
they
have
to
say.
B
I
mean
I
can
talk
a
little
bit
about
that,
because
I've
taken
plenty
of
classes
from
them
and
I
love
them,
but
you
want
I,
don't
want
to
muddy
up
the
message
at
all,
but
it's
yes
similar,
but
it
depends
on
the
purpose
of
the
webpage,
because
if
your
purpose
is
to
collect
email
addresses,
so
you
can
have
more
people
on
your
mailing
list.
That's
going
to
be
very
different
than
announcing
an
event
for
your
legislator.
B
M
Hi
there
thank
you
so
much
I'm
Cindy
from
Hawaii
hi,
so
we've
recently
been
giving
seminars
on
Bill
drafting
and
some
of
us
have
had
differencing
opinions
on
the
nature
of
all
the
things
that
should
be
on
the
PowerPoint
slide,
so
I'm
very
much
in
alignment
with
what
you've
been
saying.
So
would
you
recommend
having
powerpoints
as
as
such
as
you've
been
directing
and
then
to
have
kind
of,
like
the
booklet,
because
pretty
much
they've
just
wanted
the
booklet
on
the
PowerPoint?
It's
what
they
wanted.
Yeah.
B
So
I
like
your
idea
of
having
two
separate
things
better
because
again
printed
material,
we
read
very
differently
than
stuff
on
the
screen.
I
like
the
idea
of
how
you
presented
it,
having
the
slides
with
you,
no
more
checks
spread
out
more
space,
but
then
the
booklet
printed
for
them
to
look
at
and
let
the
PowerPoint
maybe
just
have
like
a
key
point
or
a
key
idea
on
each
slide,
because
the
way
a
bill
is
written
right.
M
B
Had
such
great
respect
for
our
state
lawmakers,
but
yeah
I
think
making
them
two
separate
things,
and
here's
a
benefit
to
of
what
you're
talking
about
where
you
have.
You
know
something
kind
of
big
and
open
on
PowerPoint,
but
then
the
printed
material,
if
it
does
have
to
be
detailed
like
a
bill
printed,
because
everyone
has
different
learning
styles
and
because
we
all
prefer
to
take
in
information
different
ways.
The
people
who
just
want
the
high
level
can
then
look
at
your
PowerPoint.
The
people
who
want
to
read
and
get
deep
down
in
the
weeds.
B
N
B
N
B
Right,
yes,
okay,
so
everyone
hear
the
description
of
Adobe
spark.
Powerpoint
is
a
presentation
software
and
it's
what
you've
seen
myself
and
Senator
O'neal
doing
it.
We
click
in
a
slide
comes
up.
Prezi
is
entirely
web-based
and
if
anyone
you're
seeing
a
Prezi
presentation
before
it's
prev
Icom,
if
you'd
like
to
check
it
out
and
rather
than
giving
you
slides,
it
is
one
large
webpage.
Basically,
where
you
add
your
content
and
when
you
are
ready
to
move
from,
I
would
say
slide
to
slide
or
concept
of
concept.
B
Prezi
will
zoom
in
and
show
the
contents
and
go
to
your
next
point,
and
it's
very
zooming
in
and
out
like
this,
and
that
is
what
it
feels
like
when
you're
watching
it.
Okay,
Adobe
sparks
similar
I,
don't
know
if
it's
entirely
web-based,
but
it's
it's
the
same
thing
all
your
contents
in
one
place,
but
then
it
Scrolls
and
shows
your
content.
I
haven't
used,
adobe
spark,
so
I
can't
speak
to
it.
I
have
tried
Prezi
a
lot
of
younger
people
like
it.
B
A
lot
of
people
accuse
me
of
being
old
school
because
I
use
PowerPoint
I
like
PowerPoint.
Here
are
my
two
hiccups
with
Prezi
or
or
why
I
kind
of
here's?
Why
I
don't
use
it
I'll
just
be
very
frank.
Prezi
is
entirely
web-based
and
it
is
free.
There
are
versions
you
can
pay
for,
but
you
don't
own.
Your
content
I
only
like
to
share
my
content
with
people
I
give
it
to
I,
do
not
like
some
corporation
owning
my
content.
So
that's
part
of
it.
B
B
I
didn't
mean
to
freak
all
you
out,
but
so
because,
but
my
big
issue
is
that
it's
stored
on
some
website
that
some
corporation
has
I
like
having
my
own
content
yeah,
which
doesn't
put
me
in
a
lot
of
good
graces
with
a
lot
of
people.
These
days,
I
resist
the
cloud
at
all
costs
and
my
husband
saying
you're
you've
got
to
get
with
it
and
I
say
no
I,
don't,
but
so
that
I
think
Prezi
looks
beautiful,
I.
B
Think
if
you
want
to
try
it
it's
free
to
try
and
I
think
it
can
be
free
forever.
It's
if
you
want
the
super
bells
and
whistles
you
have
to
pay
for
it,
and
I
will
tell
you.
I
saw
I
presented
alongside
another
young
woman
at
Goucher
College
a
few
weeks
ago,
and
mine
was
on
PowerPoint
and
hers
was
on
Prezi
I,
kept
there
going
geez.
That
looks
amazing.
So
it
does,
it
looks
good
I
say
try
what
you
you
know,
try
everything
and
then
see
what
works
for
you.
B
You
know
my
colleague
who
uses
Prezi.
She
won't
use
anything
but
and
I
think
that's
great.
She
also
has
her
presses
designed
in
a
way
that
they
aren't
doing
this
awful
motion
that
might
have
sized
some
people
with
sensitivities.
So
I
like
PowerPoint
I,
know
how
to
use
it
in
the
way
it
makes
sense
for
me.
So
I
stick
with
I've,
not
tried
Adobe
spark.
So
those
are
my
thoughts.
B
B
Okay,
well,
I
also
have
a
feeling
that
we're
dancing
up
towards
lunch,
so
we're
probably
getting
a
little
hungry
or
dancing
towards
it.
I'm
going
to
leave
you
with
a
few
resources
feel
free
to
I
know.
Some
of
you
were
snapping
photos,
but
these
resources
are
on
the
handout
that
was
passed
out
at
the
start
of
my
third
part,
but
I'm
going
to
just
mention
these
to
you
briefly
and
if
you
think
of
any
other
questions,
just
come
on
up
and
we'll
take
them.
B
If
you
are
designing
slides
and
even
if
you
use
Prezi
or
adobe
spark
great
design.
Principles
for
presentations
are
presented
by
Nancy
Duarte.
Her
first
book
was
called
slide.
Ology,
it's
the
one,
I
go
to
all
the
time.
What
I
like
about
Nancy
Duarte
is
work
and
she
has
a
website
Duarte
dot-com.
She
has
her
own
company,
and
this
is
all
they
do.
What
I
like
about
her
work
is
that
she
talks
about
how
to
design
presentations
for
non
designers.
You
don't
have
to
be
a
designer.
You
don't
have
to
be
a
graphic
person.
B
Senator
I
realize
you're
talking
about
your
football
career,
Don
King
I
got
to
bust
out
senator
O'neal
we've
been
buddies,
so
check
out
Nancy
Duarte,
Stephanie
evergreen,
who
I
mentioned
evergreen
dot-com,
I'm,
sorry,
Stephanie,
evergreen
dot-com.
Her
company
is
called
evergreen
data,
but
she
has
a
website
and
again
you
can
either
get
my
slides
off
of
SlideShare
starting
tomorrow.
B
If
you
want
to
find
me
on
SlideShare,
my
SlideShare
ID
is
MX
swallow,
but
there's
also
this
blog
post
that
I've
referenced
here,
where
she
shows
you
how
to
creat,
create
a
very
simple
easy
to
read
one
page
handout,
so
I
highly
recommend
that
going
back
to
what
we
learned
in
part,
one
being
concise
and
getting
to
the
point
you
can
do
that
140
characters,
exercise
I
gave
you
or
I
put
a
short
link
up
here.
It's
also
on
the
handout.
This
will
also
be
on
my
slide
on
slideshare.
B
The
New
York
Times
has
an
exercise
from
one
of
their
grammar
writers.
That
will
help
you
focus
your
writing.
So
if
you
want
to
try
concise
writing
go
to
that
website
again,
it's
on
the
handout.
If
you
can't
find
it
come
see
me
afterwards,
I'll
make
sure
I
get
this
to
you,
but
I
thought
that
was
a
real
cool
exercise
when
I
stumbled
upon
it.
Any
other
questions
before
I
turn
you
loose,
so
you
can
go
visit
all
the
exhibit
booths
and
have
some
nice
lunch.