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A
A
A
Our
speakers
today
are
michael
stewart,
director
of
the
research
division
of
nevada's
legislative
council,
bureau
and
gina
wright
is
the
director
of
the
office
of
legislative
and
congressional
reapportionment
in
the
georgia
assembly.
Both
of
them
have
multiple
decades
of
redistricting
experience
and
we
are
so
grateful
to
have
them
with
us
today.
You
can
read
more
details
about
them
in
their
bios
towards
the
bottom
of
this
page,
but
I
think
we
should
just
get
started
with
the
content.
So
gina
I'm
going
to
hand
it
over
to
you.
B
Okay,
so
our
topic
today
is
redistricting
101,
and
this
is
just
going
to
be
an
overview
of
a
lot
of
different
topics
and
things
that
might
be
a
part
of
the
redistricting
process.
B
What
you'll
find,
I
think,
is
that
we're
going
to
touch
on
a
lot
of
things
kind
of
lightly,
but
there
are
some
other
sessions
later
on
that
are
going
to
go
a
little
more
in
depth.
So
you
might
find
that
something.
You
want
to
know
more
about
there's
another
session
that
you
can
go
and
watch
later
on
in
the
next
few
days
and
get
a
little
bit
more
information
about
that.
B
What
I
wanted
to
start
with
is
one
of
those
topics
that
you'll
be
able
to
gain
some
additional
info
on,
and
that
is
the
census.
As
you
know,
the
census
is
a
count
taken
every
10
years
of
all
residents,
it's
where
they
are
on
april
1st,
where
they
live
on
the
year
that
ends
in
zero.
So
in
2020
they
were
taking
a
census,
counting
all
the
people,
and
it
is
necessary
for
the
redistributing
process
for
us
to
have
that
new
census
data
to
use
for
redistricting.
B
This
process
was
mandated
in
the
u.s
constitution,
article
1,
section
2.,
and
it's
been
going
on
the
first
since
it's
taken
since
1790,
I'm
sure
since
then
it's
been
process
has
been
changed
and
who
is
counted
and
how
they
count.
Them
has
changed,
but
we've
been
counting
people
for
a
long
time
and
it
is
important
for
us
to
have
that
for
what
we
do
with
redistricting.
B
A
B
We
still
don't
know
the
date,
so
you
might
want
to
listen
into
the
class
on
the
census
later
on,
and
we
hope
that
our
friend
james
whitehorn
will
have
some
information
to
provide
to
us
about
when
that's
going
to
happen
that
state
total
population
is
the
first
thing
that
comes
out
and
it
usually
comes
out.
You
know
a
little
in
advance
of
the
other
information.
B
So
a
delay
in
that
state,
total
apportionment
count
population
most
likely
means
there'll,
be
a
delay
in
the
redistricting
data.
There
are
two
different
sets
of
information.
The
redistricting
data
is
what's
provided
to
the
states
that
gives
every
state
the
breakdown
of
their
state
total
population
into
those
smaller
geographic
components
such
as
your
counties
and
your
vtds
and
your
census
blocks
that
you
will
need
for
your
redistricting
as
you
work
for
your
state.
So
since
there
will
probably
be
a
delay,
we
don't
know
what
that's
going
to
look
like.
B
Yet,
typically
in
my
state
of
georgia,
we
usually
get
our
data
in
march.
It's
usually
supposed
to
arrive
to
the
states
by
april
1st,
but
we
don't
know
whether
that's
going
to
happen
this
time
or
not
or
when
it
will
be.
So
we
kind
of
are
all
just
going
to
be
waiting
to
see,
and
all
of
us
will
be
tuning
in
to
watch
their
presentation
later
and
hope
that
we
can
get
some
information
on
that.
B
So
after
the
census,
something
I
wanted
to
just
cover
briefly
was
the
difference.
What's
the
difference
between
these
two
terms,
you
hear
reapportionment
and
you
hear
redistricting
a
lot.
Sometimes
they're
used
interchangeably
people
say
one
word
or
the
other
and
they
really
mean
the
same
thing,
but
actually
there's
a
difference
between
the
two
terms.
So
I
wanted
to
explain
that
so
you
know
which
word
to
use
depending
upon
what
you're
talking
about
reapportionment
is
actually
the
reallocation
of
the
united
states
congressional
districts
following
the
decennial
census.
B
This
was
the
method
that
was
set
up
to
distribute
using
a
formula,
it's
very
complicated,
math
formula
that
distribute
redistributes
the
435
u.s
house
seats
among
the
states,
and
it
was
established
in
the
u.s
constitution,
article
2,
section
3..
Now
the
reason
that
we
do
it
this
way
and
the
reason
that
they
are
apportioned.
The
way
that
they
are
was
a
result
of
the
great
compromise
back
when
our
founding
fathers
were
establishing
our
legislative
branch
of
government.
B
There
was
some
discussion
about,
and
disagreement
really
about
how
best
to
do
that,
because
you
had
smaller
states
who
wanted
every
state
to
have
the
same
number
of
representatives
and
then
you
had
larger,
more
populous
states.
They
felt
like
they
should
have
more
representatives
because
they
had
more
people,
and
you
can
see
both
sides
of
that
argument.
B
So
in
their
compromise,
if
they
worked
out,
they
established
that
the
senate
would
have
every
state
two
senators,
and
that
would
be
fair
to
the
small
states,
especially
they
haven't
even
seated
that
table,
and
so
they
set
it
up
for
the
u.s
house
to
be
the
one
who
would
have
population-based
representation
so
because
it
is
population
based
and
the
larger
population.
The
more
districts
you
receive.
They
had
to
actually
come
up
with
a
way
to
make
sure
that
that
is
balanced,
frequently
and
to
make
sure
that
those
seats
are
reapportioned.
B
So
that's
what
they
do
and
that's
why
we
do
the
reapportionment
of
those
seats
so
once
those
apportionment
totals
that
I
mentioned
just
briefly
before
are
provided
that's
what
will
happen,
that
formula
will
be
applied
and
it
will
be
determined
which
states
have
had
significant
growth
and
will
receive
additional
seats
in
the
u.s
house
and
which
states
maybe
didn't
have
as
much
growth.
Maybe
they
just
didn't
grow
very
fast
and
they
may
be
in
jeopardy
of
losing
a
congressional
seat
in
their
state.
B
It
does
make
sure,
though,
that
every
state
will
have
one
so,
no
matter
what
they
will
all
have
at
least
one
member
in
the
u.s
house,
but
it
could
be
that
they
are
reduced
down
to
just
one.
If
they
don't
have
many,
it
really
just
determines
how
that
formula
is
applied.
So
that's
the
reapportionment
side
of
what
of
these
two
terms,
but
redistricting
is
the
other
side.
Redistricting
is
actually
the
redrawing
of
the
district
boundary
lines.
B
So
inside
an
outer
framework
like
your
state
line
or
it
could
be
a
county
line,
you
would
redraw
the
boundary
lines
within
that
outer
framework
to
do
that.
Your
goal
would
typically
be
to
make
sure
they
are
all
now
equal
in
population,
so
you
shift
the
boundary
lines
until
you
get
the
right
number
of
people
in
each
district
kind
of
like
carving
a
pie,
you
want
to
make
sure
that
they're
all
the
same
size
pieces.
So
your
children
don't
fight
over
who
got
the
bigger
piece.
So
that's
redistricting.
B
This
occurs
at
all
level
of
election
districts
from
your
large
congressional
districts
in
your
state,
all
the
way
down
to
maybe
tiny
city
council
districts
in
your
small
towns
and
cities.
You
may
be
redrawing
those
districts
as
well
if
they
are
elected
by
a
district,
but
that's
part
of
what
the
redistricting
process
is,
you
can
see
there
is
a
difference
between
the
two,
but
now
you
know
what
that
difference
is
I'm
going
to
turn
it
over
to
michael.
C
Thank
you
gina,
so
you
know,
let's
face
it
with
regard
to
redistricting.
It
is
obviously
a
very
unique
process
and
it-
and
it
happens
every
10
years
unless
there
are
challenges,
of
course,
and
sometimes
people
have
to
go
back
to
the
drawing
board.
C
So
a
few
tips
from
that
sort
of
gina-
and
I
came
up
with
that
would
be
helpful-
is,
of
course
getting
to
know
your
legislators
and
the
legislative
staff,
or,
if
your
commission
state
the
commissioners
and
the
commission
staff
and
certainly
be
sure
to
attend
the
public
hearings
both
before
and
during
a
legislative
session,
and
if
your
state
is
like
nevada's.
There's
ample
opportunity
in
these
hearings
to
sign
up
to
speak
and
state
your
case
for
a
particular
plan
or
a
particular.
C
C
That
is
very
important
and
then
obviously
following
redistricting
activities
on
your
legislatures
or
your
district
commission's
website
to
stay
abreast
of
the
latest
information
is
always
important
and
be
sure
to
educate
yourself
on
the
process
and
then
educate
policymakers,
as
well
from
your
perspective
and
be
sure
to
offer
to
review
plans
if
possible
for
any
precinct
anomalies
or
other
concerns,
and
this
is
especially
important
if
you're,
a
local
election
official,
for
example,
because
the
less
coterminous
boundary
lines
are
sort
of
the
more
ballot
styles
you'll
need
to
end
up
making
if
you're
sort
of
in
the
elections
world
and
then,
of
course,
our
biggest.
C
My
my
biggest
recommendation
too
is
is
to
always
refer
to
the
national
conference
of
state
legislatures.
They
just
have
a
wealth
of
knowledge
and
a
very
robust
website
that
is,
is
just
great
for
not
only
folks
who've
been
through
the
process
many
times,
but
for
beginners
in
this
redistricting
world.
C
So
you
know,
one
of
the
primary
methods
used
to
draw
maps
is
gis,
geographic
information
systems
and
so
a
geographic
information
systems
sort
of
think
of
it.
It's
kind
of
like
a
platform
for
displaying
and
analyzing
location-based
data.
In
other
words,
it's
a
mapping,
software
that
connects
geography
with
data
and
we
produce
very
smart
maps
because
of
that.
C
So
the
gis
platform
connects
pl
94171
census
data.
That
gina
was
just
mentioning
comes
after
our
large-scale
geographies
and
it
matches
that
data
with
tiger
geographic
layers.
So
you
might
be
wondering
what
is
tiger
tiger
is.
I
guess
I
should
give
an
award
if
anybody
can
chime
in
now
it's
a
top
topologically
integrated
geographic
encoding
and
redistricting
database,
and
it's
basically
a
file
format
that
includes
shape
files,
which
requires
gis
software
to
build.
C
So
gis
clearly
has
made
things
easier
over
the
years
and
but
you
know,
prior
to
the
1990s
redistricting
was
done
with
paper
maps
and
calculators.
You
know
going
back
to,
let's
say
the
1980s.
C
You
know
we
essentially
mostly
had
paper
maps
if
we
had.
If
we
were
using
gis
for
the
redistricting
purposes,
it
was
kind
of
on
mainframe.
Only
often
you
had
to
wait
overnight
to
see
drafted
plans
that
might
sort
of
print
out
overnight
and
really
you
could
only
create
a
handful
of
plans
throughout
a
legislative
session
or
to
or
a
cycle
to
to
really
evaluate
for
you
know
just
the
visual
aspect
of
it
by
the
1990s.
C
You
know
gis
sort
of
became
the
the
go.
I
guess
the
go-to
way
of
of
mapping-
and
it
was
very
pc
based
and
the
gi
systems
were
kind
of
first
used.
Then,
and
you
could
view
the
results
of
district
characteristics
depending
on
the
process,
speed,
which
sometimes
was
often
limited,
and
we
were
sort
of
lucky
in
the
1990s
to
maybe
create.
C
Maybe
a
few
dozen
plans
during
sessions,
but
by
2000
and
and
beyond
pcs
were
widely
used
matter
of
fact
in
nevada,
where
we're
now
issuing
sort
of
mobile
desktops.
So
we're
we're
actually
going
to
be
doing
redistricting
on
laptop
computers
that
provide
a
lot
more
mobility.
C
You
could
see
the
immediate
results
of
district
characteristics
and,
of
course
there
is
the
ability
to
create
thousands,
perhaps
of
plans
during
legislative
districts
and
in
fact
today,
gis
technology
allows
just
about
anybody
to
draw
maps
from
the
comfort
of
their
living
room
or
their
home
office.
So
you
can
imagine
you
know
some
of
the
challenges.
I
think
legislators
and
redistricting
commissioners
will
face
managing
sort
of
the
sheer
volume
of
potential
maps
that
will
come
from
sort
of
this
home,
redistricting
era
that
we're
now
in
because
of
just
the
advanced
technology.
B
Thanks,
michael
so
yeah,
along
with
gis,
it
allows
you
to
do
a
lot
of
things
with
your
your
data
and
your
maps
in
ways
that
we
didn't
have
the
ability
before.
But
what
you're
going
to
want
to
do
is
initial
analysis.
Once
the
data
actually
comes
back
to
us
from
the
census
bureau,
you're
going
to
want
to
do
some
analysis
of
it
looking
at
it,
I'm
studying
it
and
understanding
the
trends
and
what
the
data
actually
shows
and
that's
going
to
be
something
a
lot
of
people
want
to
see.
B
So,
as
you
first
get
your
state
totals,
which
will
come
out
beforehand,
you'll
be
able
to
do
at
least
a
little
bit
with
those,
and
the
first
thing
you
can
do
is
to
calculate
your
new
ideal
district
sizes
for
your
different
maps.
So
when
you
get
your
state,
total
you'll
basically
be
able
to
take
that
state
total
population
and
then
just
divide
it
by
the
number
of
districts
on
any
particular
map,
and
that
will
give
you
your
new
ideal
district
size.
B
You'll
have
to
do
that
for
every
different
map
that
you're
redrawing.
So
if
you're
redrawing
your
congressional,
your
state
house,
your
state
senate,
whatever
level
you're
doing
it'd,
be
in
different
ideal
population
size
for
each
different
type
of
map,
but
that
number
will
be
important
and
it'll
be
something
they
want
to
see,
because
legislators
that
are
looking
at
their
district
will
want
to
know.
Well,
how
close
am
I
to
that
ideal
size?
I'm
going
to
need
to
pick
up
additional
voters,
additional
citizens
and
people
in
my
district?
Where
am
I
going
to
need
to?
B
B
You'll
have
it
for
your
voting
districts,
your
vtds
you'll,
have
it
for
your
census.
Blocks
and
you'll
apply
all
of
that
into
your
system
and
import
that
data
into
your
software
and
you'll
be
able
to
plug
in
those
new
ideal
district
sizes
into
your
plans
that
you're
working
on
I
mean
let
it
recalculate
what
the
different
sizes
of
the
districts
are
now
with
the
new
data
and
then
what
you'll
be
able
to
see
is
immediately
the
changes
in
the
populations
of
the
district,
so
you'll
be
able
to
see.
B
B
The
range
of
deviations
deviation
is
a
term
you're
going
to
hear
a
lot.
If
you
haven't
already
deviation,
is
the
amount
of
population
above
or
below
the
ideal
size?
That
number
can
be
given
in
a
number
whole
number
format,
or
it
can
be
given
as
a
percentage
you
may
have
heard
of
the
whole
percentage
range
that
they
might
allow
for.
B
What's
an
acceptable
percentage
range
of
deviation,
that
also
can
vary
depending
on
where
you're
at,
but
we're
usually
trying
to
draw
districts
to
as
close
to
zero
as
possible,
so
that
they
are
equal,
that
the
deviation
is
zero,
meaning
it
is
as
close
to
the
ideal
size
as
it
can
be.
The
number
would
give
you
exactly
the
number
of
people
that
that
district
is
above
or
below
the
ideal
size.
B
Your
your
legislators,
your
fellow
members
of
your
commission
people
all
over
involved
in
your
registering
process,
are
going
to
want
to
see
these
numbers
they're
going
to
want
to
know
how
did
the
new
data
fit
to
the
new
map
to
the
current
maps
before
we
draw
the
new
map?
So
they
want
to
see
the
changes
in
the
population
and
you
need
to
know
that
as
well.
That
will
give
you
a
full
understanding
of
where
was
their
growth
in
your
state,
which
districts?
Maybe
you
have
districts
that
doubled
in
size.
B
B
So
once
you
create
some
of
these
reports-
and
you
may
be
able
to
also
interpret
that
in
some
types
of
map
formats
that
show
that
I
know
there
are
population
maps
that
we've
gotten
that
are
by
county,
that
show
that
the
increase
or
the
loss
and
county
populations
that
are
color-coded.
Things
like
that
they're
very
helpful
to
visualize
what
the
data
tells.
B
So
you
would
want
to
be
able
to
explore
how
to
create
some
of
these
reports
and
some
of
these
maps
that
you
can
distribute
so
that
people
will
have
an
understanding
of
what
they're
looking
at
with
the
data,
because
some
people,
obviously
it's
easier
to
look
at
numbers
and
some
like
to
look
at
maps.
So
you
might
want
to
look
at
both
options
as
ways
to
inform
people
of
what
this
shows
and
also
during
this
initial
analysis,
if
your
state
was
a
state
who
gained
congressional
districts
or
lost
congressional
districts.
B
This
would
be
the
time
when
you
plug
in
those
new
numbers,
because
it
will
make
a
difference
in
how
you're
dividing
up
your
state
if
you've
gained
additional
congressional
seats
one
or
two
or
more.
That
will
definitely
factor
in
I
mean
how
much
change
you'll
have
to
make
to
your
maps
if
you
aren't,
if
you're,
adding
additional
districts
to
it.
This
would
be
the
time
where
you
would
also
look
at
that
change,
as
it
goes
into
your
maps
and
as
you're
also
doing
in
this
initial
data
analysis
and
I'm
studying
and
preparing
to
understand.
B
C
Yes,
thank
you
gina,
as
gina
mentioned,
there
are
a
lot
of
key
principles,
we'll
call
them
sort
of
legal
requirements
that
states
really
must
follow
to
adhere
to
all
sorts
of
different
case
law
and
rules
that
are
found
in
not
only
the
u.s
constitution
but
in
state
constitutions.
C
So
our
legal
requirements
sort
of
the
primarily
the
the
sort
of
that
I
say
the
top
tier
ones.
You
must
ensure
compliance
with
the
u.s
and
state
constitutions,
and
these
are
generally
going
to
refer
to
the
equal
population
or
nearly
equal
population
of
districts
that
sort
of
gina
described
when
we're
we're
talking
about
those
deviations.
C
So
you
know
when
we
want
to
achieve
equal
population,
that's
because
it
is
set
forth
in
in
law
and,
of
course,
there's
compliance
with
the
voting
rights
act
as
well,
which
essentially
prohibits
voting
practices
or
the
creation
of
maps
that
discriminate
based
on
race,
color
or
language
minority
groups.
C
We
also
must
be
very
cognizant
of
the
equal
protection
clause
of
the
14th
amendment.
That's
that
one
person
one
vote-
we've
heard
over
the
years,
and
it
really
builds
on
the
principle
that
race
cannot
be
used
as
the
predominant
factor
when
drawing
distant
district
boundaries.
C
Now
you
know,
in
addition
to
sort
of
those
high-level,
top-tier
sort
of
mandatory
principles
that
I
just
described,
states
will
often
adopt
other
redistricting
criteria
or
principles
for
drawing
plans.
They
can
be
found
in.
You
know,
state
constitutions,
statutes
or
rules
adopted
by
legislatures
or
rules
by
the
commissions,
and
they
have
generally
generally
listed
the
test
of
time
and
case
law
and
are
now
referred
to
as
traditional
redistricting
principles,
and
these
include
compactness
contiguity
of
districts
respecting
political
boundaries.
C
That
means
we
we
try
not
to
split
counties
or
cities
and
those
sorts
of
things
between
districts,
sort
of
preserving
or
recognizing
communities
of
interests.
This
could
include
neighborhoods,
economic
or
social
commonalities,
or
maybe
similar
community
or
housing
characteristics.
Those
sort
of
things
that
sort
of
make
a
community
somewhat
unique.
C
Another
redistricting
traditional
principle
is
preserving
the
cores
of
prior
districts
and
also
including
incumbency
protections,
and
so
over
the
past
last
two
decades.
Some
states
have
actually
added
new
criteria
to
these
traditional
ones.
This
includes
competitiveness,
the
prohibition
on
using
partisan
data
and
prohibiting
the
favoring
of
a
political
party
incumbent
or
a
candidate.
C
Now,
finally,
there
are
some
other
considerations
as
well
with
regard
to
redistricting
principles,
and
these
come
into
play
when
drawing
political
districts,
and
certainly
we
need
to
ensure
that
that
we
are,
you
know,
having
acceptable
population
deviations
of
congressional
and
legislative
districts
from
the
ideal
population.
C
And
of
course,
the
case
law
will
indicate
that
these
deviations
are
less
strict
at
the
local
level,
but
certainly
they
are
very
strict.
When
drawing
congressional
district
boundaries,
some
states
have
used
the
the
use
of
nested
districts,
meaning
there
might
be
two
assembly
or
house
districts
within
one
senate
districts
and
others
use
multi-member
districts,
and
I
think
multi-member
districts
is
sort
of
coming
out
of
favor
a
little
bit,
but
there
are
still
some
states
and
that
have
used
nested
districts.
C
I
will
say
in
in
my
state,
in
nevada
nevada
implemented
some
nesting
nested
districts
at
the
last
redistricting
cycle
in
2011,
and
it
seems
to
be
pretty
popular
with
our
legislators.
C
So
a
matter
of
fact,
one
of
our
interim
committees-
that's
sort
of
recommending
rules
for
our
upcoming
cycle-
has
included
that
as
a
as
a
rule
that
they'd
like
to
follow
and
try
to
implement
into
our
into
our
redistricting
process.
So
as
a
matter
of
fact,
it's
really
kind
of
if
you're
a
legislator,
it's
been
kind
of
neat.
They
are
assembly,
members
and
and
the
senate,
and
the
one
senator
call
themselves
nest
mates
in
our
in
our
world.
C
So
it's
kind
of
interesting
and
then,
of
course,
there's
other
statutory
requirements
and
relevant
case
law
as
well,
and
these
may
be
very
specific
to
your
particular
redistricting
situation,
so
be
sure
to
familiarize
yourself
with
that
as
well.
B
Our
plan
in
place
for
how
we're
going
to
proceed.
The
next
step
is
map
drawing.
B
So
I'm
very
thankful
for
the
technology
that
allows
us
to
do
the
work
that
we
do.
But
during
this
process
every
state
and
every
commission
will
be
different
in
the
way
that
they
go
about
the
map,
drawing
every
state,
every
commission,
every
board
or
group.
That's
working
on
this
will
have
different
like
said
rules
and
guidelines
that
they
put
in
place
for
how
the
process
will
go
in
our
state.
B
We
in
the
past
had
guidelines
adopted
by
our
committees
in
both
the
house
and
the
senate,
that
kind
of
steered
the
process
in
terms
of
what
was
going
to
happen
to
go
through
the
adoption
of
the
map
process.
B
Some
map
drawers
like
to
go
from
the
current
map
and
make
adjustments
to
it,
and
then
there
are
other
map
drawers
who
prefer
to
sit
down
with
a
blank
version
of
their
state
and
build
the
map
from
the
ground
up.
It
just
really
depends
on
your
preference
and
if
you
are
a
technical
person,
who's
going
to
be
doing
the
work
on
this,
you
might
want
to
play
around
with
that.
B
I
won't
tell
you
that
it's
not,
but
it's
also
very
rewarding
when
you
see
the
work
that
you
put
in,
produce
this
map,
and
so
once
the
map
drawing
has
commenced
and
proceeded
and
has
been
adopted,
you
will
have
it'll
be
have
to
be
finalized
in
some
way
whether
you
adopt
that
legislatively
whether
your
commission
adopts
it,
but
once
that
map
is
considered
official,
the
next
thing
you
have
to
do
is
implement
that
map.
B
This
is
a
process
of
making
sure
that
everyone
who
needs
to
know
what
the
maps
look
like
gets
copies
of
that
and
that
really
is
directed
to
your
local
election
officials
and
those
who
will
have
to
apply
the
maps
to
the
voters,
I'm
in
our
state
as
our
counties
who
handle
the
election.
So
we
have
to
distribute
this
information
to
our
county
election
officials,
so
they
can
make
adjustments
to
the
voter
ballot
combinations
and
everyone
gets
updated
in
our
house
map.
B
We
renumber
from
the
top
to
the
bottom,
once
it's
adopted,
so
a
lot
of
times,
you're
going
to
have
new
district
numbers
in
your
county
that
you
didn't
have
before,
and
so
things
like
that
will
change
on
any
any
individual
voter's
card
they'll
have
a
new
district
number
and
assignment
for
where
they
are.
So
what
you
need
to
know
in
advance
of
implementing
the
maps
is
the
method.
How
are
you
going
to
distribute
this
to
your
local
election
officials?
B
Is
it
going
to
be
something
you
mail
to
them
and
the
the
regular
people
paper
mail?
Are
you
going
to
send
them
an
actual
paper
map?
Are
you
going
to
email?
Do
you
have
a
database
of
emails
for
your
election
officials
to
send
out
an
email
that
says
these
maps
are
now
official
and
here's?
What
you've
got?
Are
you
going
to
have
a
digital
download,
a
place
where
they
can
go
online
and
download
the
copies
of
the
maps
that
they
need
to
apply
for
their
jurisdiction?
B
You
just
need
to
think
about
that
ahead
of
time
and
know
how
you're
going
to
make
a
plan
to
implement
this
and
to
distribute
it
to
your
jurisdictions
if
it
is
up
to
them
to
determine
they've
got
to.
You
know,
know
that
it's
official
and
come
get
it
on
their
own
and
make
sure
that
you've
got
all
that
posted
in
a
place
and
that
it
is
marked
clearly
that
these
are
the
new
newly
adopted
official
maps.
Otherwise,
you
may
get
lots
of
phone
calls
and
lots
of
questions
about
what
version
is
the
version?
B
That's
final,
so
you
want
to
make
sure
you
clearly
designate
what
was
adopted
and
what's
going
to
be
put
into
place
for
the
next
election
cycle.
Also,
you
want
to
know
what
information
you're
going
to
provide
to
them.
Are
you
giving
them
actual
maps?
Are
you
giving
them
a
data
report
that
has
population
figures
or
county
totals
or
how
the
county
is
divided?
B
Are
you
going
to
give
them
some
type
of
a
description
like
a
needs
and
bounds,
description
or
a
word
and
description
that
describes
the
districts
that
they
have?
Are
you
going
to
give
them
gis
files?
We
are
finding
more
and
more
of
the
counties
in
our
state
are
gaining
gis
technology
themselves
or
how
a
gis
department,
so
that
helps
a
lot.
You
can
send
a
shapefile
or
they
can
download
a
shapefile
off
of
our
webpage.
All
of
those
are
great
methods.
B
It's
what
works
for
your
state,
it's
what
works
for
your
jurisdictions
as
far
as
providing
the
information
to
them,
but
you
just
want
to
know
in
advance.
This
is
the
step
you're
going
to
have
to
take
to
make
sure
that
everyone
gets
what
they
need
once
the
maps
are
finalized.
Your
job
hasn't
hasn't
quit
then,
once
it
got
adopted,
you're
still
going
to
need
to
make
sure
that
this
is
distributed
and
implemented,
the
way
that
it
should
be
and
also
just
be
prepared
to
give
assistance
where
needed.
B
If
you
are
the
person
who
worked
on
the
map,
you
were
the
person
who
worked
the
computer
worked.
The
mouse
did
a
lot
of
the
technical
end
of
what's
in
the
map
and
you're
going
to
know
the
map
better
than
other
people,
and
when
there's
questions
about.
Where
is
this
boundary
line?
Or
what
was
this
supposed
to
be?
Is
this
the
is
this
a
vtd
line,
or
is
this
a
county
line?
B
You
want
to
be
available
and
able
to
provide
that
information
to
the
people
that
need
your
help,
which
is
these
local
election
officials,
especially
or
whoever
administers
these
new
districts,
and
these
elections
in
your
state
just
want
to
be
available
and
prepared
to
continue
giving
assistance,
as
we
are
putting
these
new
maps
in
place-
and
I
don't
know
for
sure,
but
it
seems
like
this
year
that
the
timeline
is
going
to
be
different
than
it
ever
has
been
for
not
just
the
map
adoption
process,
but
also
the
process
of
getting
them
in
place
before
elections.
B
So
just
you
know
know
that
in
advance
and
know
that
your
assistance
and
your
health
and
your
expertise
is
going
to
be
needed,
I'm
even
after
the
fact
to
help
everyone
get
the
maps
and
make
sure
everything
is
right,
because
that
is
the
goal
that,
once
the
new
maps
are
in
place,
that
everything
is
done
in
such
a
way
that
we
are
providing
the
best
information
that
we
can
for
them
to
do
their
jobs.
C
So
as
policy
makers,
legislative
staff,
consultants
and
others,
of
course,
there
are
many
challenges,
you're
likely
to
face
during
this
redistricting
process,
and
I
know
that
gina
and
I
have
probably
experienced
that
in
our
several
redistricting
cycles
that
we've
been
through
and
some
of
these
challenges
can
include
shifts
in
population
and
that
could
include
include
increase
in
population,
which
is
happening
a
lot
in
in
our
states
in
georgia,
nevada,
but
also
a
loss
of
population
depending
on
where
you
are,
and
this
can
be
really
difficult
to
adjust
the
districts
when
there
are
some
areas
that
need
to
gain
large
amounts
of
population
and
others
need
to
be
reduced
significantly,
and
that
does
pose
some
challenges
for
map
makers
and,
of
course,
there's
always
potential
for
splitting
precincts
and
creating
multiple
ballot
styles.
C
This
is
due
to
overlapping
non-coterminous
district
boundaries
and,
again
that's
something
that
I
know
gina
just
pointed
out
too.
Your
your
interaction
with
the
local
election
officials
is
very
important
to
help
them
sort
of
manage
those
multiple
ballot
styles
that
could
be
created
through
sort
of
non
non-contiguous
or
non-coterminous
boundaries.
C
Of
course,
there's
this
compressed
time
frame
among
other
important
legislative
issues
if
you're
a
legislator,
obviously
we're
dealing
with
the
impact
of
the
pandemic,
and
that
may
affect
certainly
more
than
just
the
delay
of
the
census
data.
Clearly,
there's
a
serious
public
health
crisis
going
on
that
lawmakers
really
need
to
address,
and
that
really
has
dovetailed
into
budget
concerns
nationwide.
C
So
your
states
will
be
dealing
with.
You
know,
probably
some
pretty
tight
budgets
and
on
top
of
that
healthcare
issues,
education,
public
safety,
you
name
it
so
sort
of
where
redistricting
can
sort
of
fall.
Amongst
all
of
that,
you
know
is
really
is
really
important
so
and
of
course,
there's
new
methods
for
redistricting
as
well.
C
Several
states
will
be
using
commissions
for
the
first
time
in
2021,
and
so
it's
a
new
paradigm
for
redistricting
and
we'll
just
kind
of
see
how
those
goes,
how
that
goes
and
I'd
venture
to
say
over
the
next
decade,
we'll
probably
have
some
more
redistricting
commissions
cropping
up
as
well,
and
I
was
kind
of
thinking
about.
Maybe
some
other
challenges
I
might
sort
of
add
to
the
list
that
might
not
appear
on
the
slide.
One
might
be
you
know
these
if
you're
in
a
term
limited
state
and
there's
loss
of
institutional
knowledge.
C
I
know
in
nevada.
If
we
look
at
our
because
nevada
has,
it
has
term
limits.
We
have
very
few
legislators
left
who
were
at
part
of
the
redistricting
cycle
in
2011.,
so
it's
a
high
high
learning
curve
for
lawmakers
and
policymakers
to
you
know
to
sort
of
hit
as
we're
going
into
the
redistricting
cycle,
and
so
it's
that
institutional
knowledge
and
probably
more
reliance
frankly
on
on
your
experienced
staff,
to
get
you
through
that
process.
C
Obviously
there's
a
heightened
political
landscape
right
now,
which
certainly
can
make
redistricting
that
much
more
challenging,
and
I
would
say
also
with
the
greater
accessibility
of
the
process
that
I
mentioned
yes
or
that
I
mentioned
earlier
in
terms
of
you,
know,
folks
being
able
to
redistrict
from
home.
That's
going
to
create
some
possible
challenges
as
you
sort
of
manage
public
hearings
and
manage
outside
input
and
clearly
in
our
world
of
zoom.
C
How
we're
going
to
manage
redistricting,
maybe
in
a
sort
of
a
remote
setting
in
a
remote
world,
is,
is
going
to
be
a
challenge
and
then
just
the
general
impacts
of
the
pandemic
and,
as
we've
been
talking
about
throughout
the
presentations,
how
will
these
delays
and
some
of
the
data
deliveries
impact
us
as
well?
So
those
are
certainly
some
important
challenges
to
consider.
B
So
at
this
point-
and
I've
been
asked
this
already
by
legislators
in
my
state-
and
some
of
you
are
probably
wondering
the
same
thing,
how
can
I
prepare?
We
don't
really
know
yet
we
don't
know
dates
for
sure.
We
don't
know,
what's
going
to
happen
with
the
pandemic.
We
don't
know
what
we're
going
to
be
able
to
do
as
we
move
forward.
So
is
there
any
way
you
can
prepare
right
now?
Well,
there.
I
think
there
are
a
few
things.
I
want
to
share
that
with
you.
B
You
know
you're
going
to
need
when
this
process
does
actually
begin
in
your
state
and
that
might
include
things
like
voting
precinct
files
for
your
counties
if
they're
able
to
provide
shape
files
or
information
to
you
that
you
can
convert
into
digital
files,
if
you
don't
have
it
that
way
or
other
geography
that
you
might
want
to
have
is
a
reference
point
in
your
state
that
may
not
be
standard
geography,
but
something
that
is
useful
to
you
and
your
state.
That's
important
that
you
may
not
have
so.
B
Those
are
things
you
might
want
to
start
to
gather
and
compile
if
you
are
in
a
place
where
you're
going
to
consider
incumbent
information
on
your
maps
so
that
you
don't
try
to
intentionally
pair
incumbents,
but
you
want
to
keep
them
in
their
own
different
districts,
then
you
would
need
to
get
that
information
as
well.
Of
course,
those
those
files
seem
to
be
home,
addressed
files,
not
businesses
or
po
boxes
or
campaign
offices,
or
anything
like
that,
and
sometimes
it's
hard
to
gather
those
for
everyone.
B
So
if
that's
something
that
you're
going
to
be
doing
in
your
state
and
things
that
you'd
like
to
have
as
a
reference,
you
can
begin
to
gather
those
files.
Now,
since
we
know
after
elections
and
things
have
been
held,
who's
going
to
be
in
office
through
this
process,
so
you'll
be
able
to
go
ahead
and
gather
that
you
can
also
begin
the
process
of
just
reviewing
the
maps
if
you're
a
legislator,
it's
important
to
know
what
your
district
looks
like.
B
B
You
might
also
want
to
reach
out
to
neighboring
legislators
that
are
near
you
and
make
sure
you
have
developed
relationships
there,
because
you
will
be
most
likely
exchanging
some
some
folks
there
with
those
neighboring
districts.
So
you
want
to
be
familiar
with.
What's
around
you,
you
can
also
begin
to
attend
public
hearings.
When
those
happen,
I
don't
know
in
every
state
how
that
process
will
go.
I
don't
know
if
public
hearings
are
going
to
look
like
zoom
meetings
or
are
they
going
to
be
held
outside?
I
know
in
our
state.
B
Hopefully
the
weather
will
be
good
by
then,
but
will
we
be
meeting
in
football
stadiums
and
will
we
have
open
air
public
hearings?
B
So
we
can
try
to
not
be
crammed
inside
a
room
but
still
allow
people
access
to
our
legislators
into
our
committee,
so
they
can
speak
and
can
share
their
thoughts,
but
you
might
even
be
having
conversations
about
what
those
will
look
like,
but
definitely
plan
to
attend
them
where
you
can
in
georgia
last
time
in
2011,
we
had
one
per
congressional
district,
so
we
had
13
public
hearings
and
they
were
all
over
the
state
in
places
that
could
handle
the
crowds
and
the
venues,
and
things
like
that.
B
So
you
might
want
to
begin
looking
at
what
that's
going
to
look
like
in
your
state
as
you
work
through
the
process
and
as
we've
mentioned
several
times,
reach
out
to
your
election
officials
at
the
local
and
the
state
level.
So
they
know
that
this
is
coming
as
we've
had
turnover
with
members
and
we've
had
term
limited
numbers,
and
things
like
that.
We've
also
had
turnover
with
election
officials
and
there's
probably
a
large
number
of
those
people
who
have
never
been
through
this
either.
B
So
they
also
need
to
be
informed
and
need
to
be
aware
that
that's
what's
going
to
happen
this
year
and
it
will
be
something
they
have
to
make
big
changes
to
in
their
end
as
well,
so
reach
out
to
them.
There
may
also
be
groups
in
your
state
who
actually
have
contact
with
the
counties
and
the
municipalities
or
jurisdictions
in
your
state
use
those
groups
to
help
you
distribute
information.
B
We
have
an
association
in
our
state,
that
is,
for
all
the
county
commissions,
and
we
have
one
for
all
municipalities
and
those
are
great
resources
to
share
information
out
to
the
various
groups
and
various
places
in
your
state
that
need
to
just
be
aware
of
redistricting
and
of
the
process
of
what's
going
to
take
place.
So
if
you've
got
ways
to
do
this
outreach,
you
know
feel
free,
go
ahead
and
do
that
now,
because
it's
going
to
happen,
it's
coming
one
way
or
the
other.
B
We
don't
know
when,
but
it's
coming
and
then
also
understand
the
steps
in
the
process
in
your
state.
Like
michael
mentioned,
the
rules,
yes
know
the
rules
know
the
guidelines
know
the
time
frame.
What
the
process
is,
if
it's
a
legislative
process,
you
probably
know
the
legislative
process,
if
it's
not
if
it's
a
commission
process
or
certain
steps
that
you
have
to
follow
based
on
how
that
was
established,
then
know
what
those
steps
are
and
know
for
your
state.
B
What
that's
going
to
look
like,
but
just
go
ahead
and
spend
a
little
time,
familiarizing
yourself,
with
the
way
that
should
go
and
finally
just
prepare
for
the
unexpected.
I
think
we
all
learned
last
year
that
we
don't
always
know
what's
going
to
happen,
and
we
could
never
predict
things
that
are
going
to
happen
and
that's
equally
true
in
redistricting.
B
You
really
don't
know
what's
going
to
happen,
but
I
would
just
encourage
you
to
go
ahead
and
just
prepare
to
add
a
little
flexibility
to
your
life
and
and
think
about
how
just
being
able
to
roll
with
it
and
adapt
and
adjust
as
things
happen
and
process.
I
know
for
some
states
that's
going
to
be
different
because
you
have
statutory
deadlines,
you're
supposed
to
adhere
to,
and
you
may
or
may
not
be
able
to,
depending
upon
the
radius
routine
data
arrival.
So
how
are
you
going
to
change?
B
How
are
you
going
to
adapt
to
make
sure
you're
still
able
to
draw
your
maps?
These
are
things
just
to
prepare
for
and
think
about
as
you
get
ready
to
go
through
this
process,
which
is
going
to
happen
in
some
way
shape
or
form,
we
will
be
redistricting,
and
so
I
hope
that
that
was
helpful
and
we
would
be
glad
to
take
questions.
B
I
think
there
may
be
some
that
have
been
provided
the
question
about
the
powerpoint
ben.
I
don't
know
if
you
want
to
address
any
of
that
yet,
but.
A
Yeah
I'm
happy
too
gina.
So,
first
of
all
I
I
was
cognizant
of
the
fact.
While
you
were
speaking
that
I
had
asked
you
both
to
do
an
absolutely
impossible
task,
which
was
to
cover
everything
about
redistricting
on
the
face
of
the
earth
in
45
minutes,
and
you
managed
to
do
it
anyway.
So
thank
you
so
much
for
for
doing
that.
A
I
I
could
not
be
more
appreciative
and
I'm
sure
the
audience
is
getting
a
lot
out
of
it
and
I
can
tell
that
they
really
want
this
powerpoint,
so
they
can
keep
it
in
the
future,
because
the
number
one
upvoted
question
is:
will
the
powerpoint
be
available
to
folks
after
the
fact-
and
the
answer
is
yes-
the
the
powerpoint
will
be
made
available
to
everybody
and
I
put
a
link
in
the
chat
function.
A
I
apologize
for
looking
over
to
my
right
because
that's
where
I
have
the
other
screen,
but
if
you
go
and
you
click
on
that
link
that
I've
just
posted
that
will
take
you
to
the
redistricting
seminar
web
page
itself,
this
platform
that
you're
viewing
this
on
will
be
available
for
30
days
after
the
conclusion
of
the
seminar.
But
then
it
goes
away.
All
of
the
resources
from
the
seminar
that
we
would
like
for
people
to
have
in
the
future
will
be
posted
on
the
ncsl
page,
because
that
will
be
maintained
in
perpetuity.
A
So
the
let's
see
the
other
questions
I've
got
here.
A
We
have
one
from
minnesota
that
says:
is
there
any
data
or
information
on
whether
the
start
from
blank
slate
versus
working
from
the
previous
map
approach
is
more
or
less
inclusive
of
communities
of
interest?
I
will
tell
the
questioner
that
I
personally
do
not
know
of
any
such
research.
I
know
that
states
vary
in
that,
but
I
mean
michael
and
gina.
A
If
you
want
to
share
any
research,
you
may
know,
or
perhaps
more
generally,
what
are
some
of
the
considerations
that
a
state
may
make
in
deciding
whether
or
not
to
go
with
a
tabula
rasa
or
to
start
from
the
pre-existing
map.
C
B
So
I'm
not
familiar
with
any
data
or
any
studies
that
have
been
done.
That
would
produce
a
an
analysis
of
whether
that's
better
or
not
as
far
as
communities
of
interest
and
there.
For
us
they
are
not
really
defined
anywhere.
There's
not
a
gis
layer
of
communities
and
what
we
do
is
we
rely
upon
the
legislators
and
the
people
who
are
involved
in
the
process
to
point
out
where
those
communities
are.
B
If
there's
an
area
that
they
feel
like,
ought
to
be
kept
together
in
one
district,
then
we
rely
upon
them
to
say:
oh
well,
you
drew
this
here,
but
you
cut
this
right
down
the
middle
of
whatever
group
of
you
know
community.
This
is
here.
Maybe
it
would
be
better
if
you
took
that
whole
precinct
in
and
that
would
cover
that
whole
community
instead
of
dividing
it
in
half.
So
we
really
rely
on
input
on
that
end,
because
they're
not
very
clearly
defined
as
far
as
measurable
communities
like
that.
B
So
that's
how
that's
how
that
usually
is
handled,
but
I
don't
know
that
it
matters
if
you
went
from
a
blank
slate
or
a
previous
map.
As
long
as
you
have
people
there
giving
input
who
know
know
where
those
communities
are
and
which
ones
to
you
know,
to
put
emphasis
on
keeping
together
if
that's
necessary,.
A
Great
thank
you.
We
have
another
question
from
anastasia,
which
is:
will
this
be
recorded
and
be
available?
The
answer
is
yes.
All
of
the
sessions,
except
for
the
session
on
friday
morning,
with
professor
david
moss
from
harvard,
which
is
a
civics
course
essentially
will
be
recorded
and
be
available
for
up
to
30
days
after
the
conclusion
of
the
seminar.
A
So
if
you
had
any
technical
issues
or
you
had
to
jump
off
to
handle
a
phone
call
or
something
else,
you
should
be
able
to
view
everything,
except
for
that
friday
morning,
session
for
the
next
month.
So
hopefully
that's
enough
time,
if
you
have
any
other
issues
that
you'd
like
to
discuss
or
if
you
need
a
little
bit
more
time,
you
can
email
elections-info
at
ncsl.org,
and
someone
on
our
team
will
be
able
to
help
you
with
that.
A
C
A
Asking
is
there
anything,
that's
preferred
among
the
states,
and
I
don't
know
if
that's
necessarily
something
the
two
of
you
can
answer,
but
what
you
may
be
able
to
answer
is
as
a
state
looking
at
bids
for
redistricting
software.
What
are
the
things
that
you're
looking
for
from
a
a
platform
that
may
move
them
up
in
your
order
of
preference.
C
I
know
that
in
in
nevada
we
did
review
from
sort
of
some
probably
three
three
to
five
major
software
vendors
and
really
looked
at
all
sorts
of
different
factors
to
include
cost.
C
C
We
thought
that
was
really
important
for
public
involvement
and
then
you
know
some
states
and
when
we
certainly
considered
this
in
nevada
as
well,
is
there
a
history
with
a
particular
vendor
already
that
maybe
has
been
established
or
other
redistricting
cycles,
so
those
were
kind
of
the
main
things
we
looked
at
was
was
cost
the
the
public
accessibility
of
it
and
then
just
familiarity
so
and
gina.
I
know
that
you
look
at
these
also
as
well
and
there's
other
considerations,
probably
for
georgia.
B
Right
we've
actually
been
with
the
same
software
company
now
for
about
20
years
and
we're
one
of
the
first
states
to
use
the
product
that
they
created
back
when
it
first
came
out,
so
we
have
a
really
great
working
relationship
with
our
particular
company
and
they're
very
responsive
to
us
when
we
have
issues
so
for
us,
that's
a
huge
benefit
to
have
that
relationship
with
the
company.
B
If
we
have
any
issues
or
anything
that
we
think
would
be
a
good
improvement
and
we've
been
able
to
share
that
with
them
and
to
see
those
modifications
come
into
the
software
program
as
we've
used
it.
So
we've
been
real
pleased
with
that.
I
don't
know
that
we're
gonna
promote
our
own
products
here
or
the
ones
we
use,
but
I
think
there
is
a
software
training
class
or
a
software
or
something
that's
supposed
to
happen
with
one
of
the
sessions.
B
So
you
can
probably
check
that
out
as
well
and
see
and
hear
from
some
of
the
companies
that
promote
it.
Some
of
those
products
I
don't
think
are
available
to
download
for
anyone.
There
are
different
online
redistricting
programs
that
are
free.
I
think,
but
I
don't
know
that
all
of
these
large-scale
vendors
have
free.
You
know
downloadable
free
products
online.
I
think
that's
there's
different
things
for
that,
but
there
are
some
things
but
they're
different
different
products.
A
Yeah,
thank
you
gina.
I
will
say
that
the
four
major
redistricting
software
vendors
in
the
country
caliber,
which
makes
magnitude
for
redistricting
esri,
which
makes
the
arc
gis
products
that
I
think
a
lot
of
people
are
familiar
with.
Citygate
and
zillion
info
are
all
gold
sponsors
of
the
seminars.
If
you
go
to
the
the
vendors
hall
from
the
home
page,
each
of
them
has
a
booth
where
you
can
chat
with
them.
Ask
them
any
questions,
there's
a
video
and
then,
in
addition,
we
have
two
sessions
that
will
be
highlighting
the
vendors.
A
So
we
have
a
session
this
afternoon.
At
the
end
of
the
day,
where
we're
going
to
have
the
vendors
doing
brief
demonstrations
of
their
software
they'll
be
doing
it
over
screen.
Share
as
gina
is
showing
you
right
now,
and
then
we
also
have
a
session
tomorrow
called
fundamentals
of
map,
drawing
where
each
of
the
software
vendors
is
going
to
be
paired
with
a
redistributing
consultant
and
that
person
is
going
to
walk
through
the
features
of
a
redistricting
software
that
they
as
a
consultant
who
states
are
looking
at
when
they're
working
on
maps.
A
While
we're
on
this,
I'm
actually
going
to
jump
down
the
ranking
a
priority
just
because
it
is
data
related.
I
see
we
have
a
question
from
anthony
in
the
delaware
senate,
which
he's
asking
is
huge,
eis,
qgis.
I've
heard
it
referred
to
before
an
acceptable
substitute
for
arcgis.
I
know
richard
ledbeater
who
runs
arcgis
is
on
this
call,
because
I've
seen
him
in
the
chat.
A
So
richard
I'm
sure
you
have
a
lot
of
opinions
about
whether
qgis
is
an
adequate
substitute
for
arc
and
I'm
not
gonna
pose
that
to
michael
and
gina,
but
I'm
gonna
presume.
The
answer
is
that
qgis
is
free
and
you
sometimes
you
get
what
you
pay
for.
So
the
next
question
I'm
going
to
ask
is:
how
do
you
recommend
engaging
with
municipal
offices
and
staff
on
redistricting,
and
this
is
a
question
coming
from
someone
in
minnesota
I'll,
throw
it
to
you.
First
michael.
C
Yeah,
so
actually
this
is
and
gina
mentioned
this,
oh
and
I
and
I
did
too,
but
I
think
just
about
every
state
has
an
association
of
either
counties
or
sort
of
a
league
of
cities
or
municipalities.
This
is
a
very
important.
Those
are
very
important
organizations
to
send
out
information
to
get
them
to
folks
at
the
local
level
and
then
and
what
we
have
in
nevada,
and
I
think
maybe
we've
got
some
advantages,
because
in
nevada
we
only
have
17
counties
gina.
What
do
you
have.
B
C
Okay,
so
so
so
that
is
so,
that's
the
difference.
So
as
you
go
further
further
west,
our
you
know
our
ability
to
develop
relationships
just
because
of
the
smaller
number
of
counties
has
been
great,
and
so
our
ability
to
engage
public
officials
has
been,
I
guess,
much
easier,
and
so
that's
one
thing
that
I'd
recommend
and
also
just
invite
them.
We
certainly
did
this
in
our
interim
study
that
we've
conducted
prior
to
our
redistricting
cycle.
C
We
invited
election
officials,
or
at
least
a
couple
representatives
from
those
organizations
to
come
forward
and
talk
to
the
lawmakers
about
what
their
recommendations
were.
In
fact,
we
came
up
with.
They
came
up
with
a
recommendation
that
our
interim
study
is
moving
forward
to
the
legislature
is
to
increase
the
size
of
precincts.
C
We
had
a
3
000
person
cap
on
precincts
and
so
we're
looking
to
increase
that
to
5
000,
and
it
has
implications
both
on
the
redistricting
side,
but
actually
in
the
elections
world
too,
when
it
comes
to
this
vote
center
style
of
voting.
So
often
you
can
get
some.
You
know
great
input
from
your
local
election
officials.
C
We
have
mailing
lists
that
we
send
out
it's
and
I've
blasted
out
questions
to
them
in
the
past,
so
so
definitely
use
those
organizations
like
your
association
of
counties
or
your
league
of
cities
and
and
also
your
election
and
sort
of
county
clerk
officials
as
well
so,
and
you
can
certainly
get
those
mailing
lists,
I'm
guessing
from
your
chief
election
officer
in
your
state,
be
it
your
secretary
of
state
or
your
certain
states
have
an
election
board
or
a
commissioner
or
something
like
that.
B
I
second
what
he
said
you
can
also
do
if
you're
holding
public
hearings.
That
would
be
a
great
time
to
make
sure
you
mail,
maybe
your
email,
invitations
to
your
municipalities
and
and
those
groups
that
are
in
the
area,
maybe
that
are
local
to
where
you're
holding
that
hearing
so
that
they
could
be
able
to
come
to
those
public
hearings
and
participate.
I'm
gonna
be
a
part
of
the
dialogue
there.
A
Great,
thank
you
so
another
question
and
I
think
this
is
relevant,
even
though
it's
on
the
census,
which
is
what
the
very
next
session
is
on
honest
the
census
in
your
data
set.
I
highly
encourage
everyone
to
go
over
there
because
I
know
there
are
a
lot
of
questions
about
the
census
right
now,
but
ec
asked
a
question
which
I
think
is
on
is
on
a
lot
of
people's
minds
and
it's
very
relevant.
A
So
if
we
don't
have
the
census
data
yet
which
I
don't
think
anyone
expects
we're
going
to
get
anytime
soon,
what
is
the
messaging
or
top
lines
that
should
be
given
at
public
hearings
by
redistricters,
whether
they
be
commissioners
or
legislators
I
mean
is?
Is
there?
Is
there
a
message
that
accurately
conveys
the
uncertainty
that
we
have
around
the
census
and
how
that's
delaying
the
process,
while
still
engaging
with
the
public
on
whatever
things
that
the
legislative
committee
or
the
commission
wishes
to
engage
with
them
on.
B
So,
as
far
as
what
you
said,
as
far
as
just
awareness
about
redistricting
and
advocating
for
their
input,
that
is
typically
what
I
think
most
of
our
public
hearings
have
been,
because,
typically,
we
have
not
actually
drawn
the
maps.
Yet,
when
we've
had
our
public
hearings
in
georgia,
we
go
and
we've
allowed
the
people
just
to
express
their
concerns.
It
could
be
something
about.
They
want
their
community
to
be
left
in
the
same
district
or
they
want
to
see.
B
Maybe
they
want
to
see
more
competitive
districts,
or
maybe
they
want
to
see
this
particular
party
or
that
it's
a
variety
of
things
that
they
say.
I
would
like
to
see
it
as
a
educational
opportunity,
because
the
people
who
give
up
their
time
to
come
to
a
public
hearing
they
care
about
redistricting
and
they
care
about
the
process.
So
I
would
love
to
see
a
mini
version
of
this
presentation,
be
something
that's
done
so
that
they
can
get
a
little
bit
of
understanding
of
what
we
have
to
do
when
we
draw
the
maps.
B
A
Great
well,
we've
only
got
a
couple
more
minutes,
so
I'm
going
to
try
to
go
through
a
couple
of
questions
that
I
think
you
all
can
answer
really
quickly.
So
I'm
just
going
to
pose
them
to
one
of
you
unless
you
all
have
any
something
you
really
want
to
chime
in
with
so
the
first
one
is
competitiveness
and
partisan
data
competing
criteria
and
principles.
So
how
can
you
have
competitive
districts
without
using
partisan
data?
A
I
think
what
this
question
is
really
getting
to
is
the
conflict
between
different
criteria
and
how
you
have
to
to
balance
them,
and
I
will
say
that
we
have
a
session
later
today
called
all
things
criteria
where
we're
going
to
go
into
this
in
detail
for
an
hour.
But
if
you
have
a
quick
one
sentence,
answer
gina
to
the
criteria
question
the
floor
is
yours.
B
Well,
I
think
you
hit
the
nail
on
the
head.
If
you're
going
to
look
at
competing
and
know
the
numbers
of
what
the
districts
are,
you
would
obviously
have
to
have
some
political
data,
so
it's
the
balance
between
using
political
data
to
make
sure
that
they
are
competitive,
but
not
using
it
to
the
other
end,
you
know:
are
you
using
the
data
to
draw
districts
that
are
extreme
partisan
districts?
So
it's
finding
a
balance
there.
I
think
with
all
criteria,
it's
just
finding
the
balance
and
that
it
may
change
beyond
the
legal
ones.
B
Once
you
get
into
the
other
criteria,
it
can
definitely
change
on
based
on
where
you're
looking
at
the
map
over
here,
you
might
be
trying
to
draw.
You
know
a
competitive
district
over
here
you
might
be
looking
at
making
it
more
compact,
so
I
think
that
you
would
obviously,
if
you're
taking
that
into
account,
then
you
definitely
have
to
have
data
to
guide
you
on
what
you're
doing
so.
I.
A
Perfect,
thank
you.
So
we
have
a
question
from
john
in
alaska
john
says
that
alaska
has
one
congressional
district
apportioned
to
them
in
the
house.
So
is
this
entire
presentation
only
about
redistricting
the
alaska
state
legislature?
The
answer
john
is
yes,
although
the
presentation
that
gina
and
michael
have
given
is
general
and
applies
to
both
congressional
and
legislative
redistricting,
if
you're
in
a
state
that
only
has
one
congressional
district.
Obviously
you
aren't
redistricting,
because
your
state
borders
are
the
district.
A
So
that's
the
answer
there
and
then
let's
do
the
last
one,
which
is
from
duane
who
asks
what
is
the
timeline
for
implementation
once
a
map
is
finalized
and
is
there
when
is
the
next
election
that
the
newly
adopted
map
is
implemented?
So,
michael,
we'll
close
off
with
you.
C
Yeah,
so
you
know,
I
think
the
timeline
is
going
to
really
kind
of
vary
from
different
states,
certainly
in
nevada,
and
I
think
most
honestly
most
states
is
you've
got
to
get
this
time.
You've
got
to
get
this
redistricting
done
in
time
for
your
local
election
officers
and
also
the
statewide
election
officers
to
prepare
for
the
the
2022
election
cycle.
Now
I
believe
there
are
some
states
that
have
authorized
the
continuation
of
their
their
existing
plans
into
the
into
the
following
election
cycle,
but
most
states
are
going
to
need
to.
C
You
know,
do
their
best
to
get
this
redistricting
process
completed
in
time
to
prep,
for
those
for
the
new
ballot
styles
and
for
candidate
filing,
and
then
also
keep
in
mind
too.
That
you
know
once
redistricting
done
is
at
the
state
level
for
congressional
and
legislative
races
that
does
trickle
down
to
the
locals.
So
there
are
county
commission
districts
and
or
county
supervisor
districts,
city,
council,
districts,
school
board,
districts,
general
improvement
districts,
those
sort
of
things
that
also
need
to
reapportion
and
generally
that
happens
after
the
state
level,
is
done.
C
So
that
is
one
thing
to
consider
that
there
is
a
sort
of
a
trickle-down
effect
to
the
redistricting
process
and
there's
a
lot
more
to
follow
once
once
you're
kind
of
done
in
your
state
and
and
moving
forward
to
you
know
to
just
I
guess,
trickling
down
to
the
to
the
other
levels
of
government.
A
Fantastic
well,
michael
and
gina.
Thank
you.
It's
been
a
fun
hour.
I
hope
that
everyone
got
the
foundation
that
they
need
for
the
upcoming
sessions
and
wendy
and
christy,
and
I
couldn't
be
more
appreciative
of
the
time
that
you've,
given
especially
during
this
busy
pre-session
period.
So
thank
you
very
much
and
to
those
of
you
in
the
audience.
A
This
session
is
recorded,
as
I
mentioned,
so
it
will
be
available
for
30
days
afterwards,
and
you
will
also
have
the
ability
to
watch
the
concurrent
session
that
went
on
at
the
same
time
as
this
one
with
jeff
weiss
and
frank
strogari.
I've
gotten
word
that
that
session
was
very
fun,
so
I
strongly
encourage
all
of
you
to
go.
Take
that
to
go
watch
it
later,
when
you
have
time
with
that
I'll
sign
off
and
say.
A
Thank
you
very
much
and
I'll
see
all
of
you
on
the
census
session
in
about
12
minutes
goodbye.
Everybody
thank.