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From YouTube: International Network Meeting [March 11, 2022]
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A
There
we
go
so
if
you
could
all
just
make
sure
you're
on
mute,
apart
from
our
presenters,
of
course,
just
to
prevent
any
kind
of
background
noise
and
feedback.
That
would
be
great
following
the
remarks
from
our
presenters.
You
all
have
the
opportunity
to
ask
some
questions,
given
the
size
of
the
turnout
this
morning.
A
So
before
we
get
things
going,
I
just
want
to
mention
that
you
know
when
we
conceived
of
this
network
late
last
year
as
a
successor
to
the
international
task
force,
we
had
hoped
that
our
first
meeting
would
kick
things
off
on.
Perhaps
something
of
a
more
celebratory
note.
A
You
know
when,
when
discussing
foreign
policy,
we
we
often
ignore
the
roles,
the
role
that
states
can
and
do
play,
and
that's
why
I
think
it's
important
that
I
mentioned
that
states
are
taking
action.
As
of
yesterday
afternoon,
32
states
plus
the
district
of
columbia,
had
introduced
resolutions
condemning
the
russian
invasion
and
in
support
of
the
ukrainian
government
and
people.
A
So
with
that
being
said,
I'm
honored
and
very
pleased
to
introduce
our
presenters
for
this
morning's
discussion.
First
up,
we
are
very
lucky
to
be
joined
by
professor
rachel,
epstein
and
fritz
mayer
from
the
cobell
school
of
international
studies.
Right
here
in
denver
at
the
university
of
denver.
Professor
epstein
is
a
professor
of
international
relations
and
european
politics.
A
Specializing
in
international
political
economy
and
international
security,
fritz
mayer
is
dean
of
the
colemiddle
school
rachel
and
fritz
will
be
providing
us
some
historical
con
contacts
for
the
conflict,
its
current
status
and
a
discussion
of
the
international
response
following
rachel
and
fritz.
We
are
very
pleased
to
have
liz
schreyer,
president
and
ceo
of
the
u.s
global
leadership
coalition.
A
Usglc
is
a
fantastic
organization,
one
that
I've
got
to
know
very
well
in
recent
months,
and
it
does
some
amazing
work
advocating
for
american
leadership
in
the
global
landscape
to
keep
america
safe
and
strengthen
the
american
economy.
So
I
will
stop
rambling
and
I
would
love
to
introduce
rachel,
epstein
and
fritz
mayer.
Take
it
away.
B
Thank
you
so
much
john
I'm
delighted
to
be
here
and
honored
to
be
at
this
inaugural
meeting
of
this
group,
so
I
just
want
to
say
a
few
things
about
what
I
believe
the
conflict
is
actually
about.
It's
a
bit
different.
I
think,
from
what
some
of
the
commentators
are
telling
us
it's
actually
about.
This
is
a
very
long-standing
disagreement
between
the
west
and
russia,
particularly
under
putin,
about
the
nature
of
both
nato
and
eu
engagement
in
eastern
europe.
B
So,
if
you
listen
to
our
biden
administration,
they
will
tell
you
the
conflict
is
about
democratic
sovereignty
and
specifically
ukraine's
democratic
sovereignty.
Putin
is
arguing
that
it's
about
core
security
interests
of
russia
that
the
west
is
violating
so
to
be
clear.
I
don't
think
anything
about
ukraine
in
the
most
recent
period
pose
any
kind
of
serious
military
threat
to
putin.
I
also
think
that
the
issue
of
nato
enlargement
further
nato
enlargement
died
in
2008
with
russia's
invasion
of
georgia.
B
So
I
don't
think
that's
actually
what's
at
stake
and
I
think
further
supporting
that
notion
that
it's
not
technically
nato
enlargement-
that
is
the
source
of
the
conflict,
is
the
fact
that,
historically
speaking,
this
conflict
actually
started
with
a
possible
eu
association
agreement
between
the
eu
and
ukraine
back
in
2013..
B
I
think
what
is
an
issue
for
putin
and
he's
not
wrong
about
this?
Is
that
having
a
democratically
oriented
western
oriented
country
on
russia's
border,
it
does
pose
an
existential
threat
to
putin,
to
russia
to
an
authoritarian,
russia.
It
is
very
hard-
and
this
is
you
know,
a
pattern
that
we've
seen
in
russian
conduct
in
recent
years.
It's
hard
for
authoritarian
leaders
to
hang
on
to
power
in
a
context
in
which
they
are
increasingly
surrounded
by
democratically
minded
protesters.
B
Governments
in
russia's
case
the
increasing
linkages
and
evident
desire
of
populations
in
belarus
in
ukraine
and
georgia
to
join
western
institutions.
That's
the
existential
threat,
I
think
that
putin
faces,
and
that
is
what
this
invasion
is
geared
to
stop
right.
So
the
the
ultimate
objective
I
think
of
putin
in
ukraine
is
to
have
near
total
control
of
the
country
and
a
regime
in
ukraine
that
will
be
dependent
on
and
favorable
to
russia.
B
That
might
mean
imposing
a
new
government
in
ukraine.
It
might
mean
carving
up
the
country
so
that
ukraine,
as
we
understand
it
today,
doesn't
really
exist
in
the
future
and
is
disempowered
to
disrupt
putin's
authoritarian
rule
at
home.
So
just
to
give
a
few,
I
think
important
data
points
from
recent
history
that
help
us
understand
the
context
in
which
this
conflict
is
playing
out.
In
2008,
there
was
a
nato
summit
at
which
the
alliance
declared
that
georgia
and
ukraine
would
become
members
of
nato.
B
At
the
same
time,
at
that
summit,
the
alliance
failed
to
advance
these
two
countries
prospects
of
nato
membership
right.
So
it
was
a
bit
of
an
ambiguous
message,
but
what
wasn't
ambiguous
is
that,
within
a
few
months
of
that
declaration,
russia
then
led
an
invasion
of
georgia,
and
we
know
in
retrospect,
because
russian
diplomats
have
told
us
this-
that
that
invasion
was
catalyzed
by
that
nato
by
that
nato
declaration.
B
The
other
thing
that
then
happened
subsequent
to
that
and
which
is
really,
I
think
the
marker
for
this
current
conflict
is
the
fact
that
in
2013
the
then
president
of
ukraine,
victor
yanukovych,
who
was
in
general
pro-russia
sympathetic
to
russia,
supported
by
russia,
he
did
come
very
close
to
signing
this
association
agreement
with
the
eu
and
pulled
out
of
that
agreement
at
the
last
minute
under
financial
pressure
and
inducements
from
russia.
B
The
fact
that
he
at
the
last
minute
abandoned
that
association
agreement
with
the
eu
on
ukraine's
behalf
was
then
the
catalyst
for
very
large-scale
protests
in
ukraine,
against
his
leadership,
against
his
abandonment
of
that
association
agreement
and
against
his
overture
to
russia
to
become
closer,
diplomatically
and
economically
to
russia.
In
that
moment,
what
ultimately
happened
is
those
protests
which
were
very
long,
lasting,
also
became
violent.
B
B
The
ukrainians,
through
the
parliament,
then
installed
a
caretaker
government
before
further
elections
were
held,
at
which
point
petro,
poroshenko
was
elected
to
power
and
and
then
subsequently
poroshenko
ultimately
lost
to
zelinski,
who
is
currently
leading
ukraine.
So
the
point
I
want
to
make
about
that
is
that
the
current
conflict,
which
led
to
these
protests
yanukovych's
ouster.
Ultimately,
russia's
seizure
of
crimea
and
also
incitement
of
violence
in
the
donetsk
and
regions,
was
actually
initiated
by
not
nato
enlargement
or
any
particular
move
that
nato
made
at
that
time,
but
closer
relationship
with
the
european
union.
B
So
that
just
gives
us,
I
think,
the
broader
political
geostrategic
context,
economic
context
in
which
this
conflict
is
playing
out
and,
of
course,
the
recent
massing
of
troops
in
the
invasion
of
ukraine
within
the
last
three
weeks
is
really
an
extension
of
that
conflict
and
political
turmoil
that
started
already
in
2013..
B
C
And
let
me
pick
up
where
from
rachel
and
say
well,
let
me
begin
by
thanking
also
ncsl
for
for
giving
us
the
opportunity
to
speak
with
you
this
morning.
It's
really
it's
an
honor
and
delighted
to
be
here.
Let
me
say
a
few
words
about,
let's
say
the
implications
of
what
has
happened
and
what
is
happening
and
what
we
can,
what
we
are
doing
and
what
can
be
done
about
it.
You
know
it.
You
know
three
weeks
ago,
the
world
changed.
C
I
mean
this
is
this:
is
a
break
in
the
international
order
of
a
of
huge
magnitude,
almost
unimaginable
that
tanks
would
roll
across
borders
in
europe
that
we
would
see
what
we
are
seeing?
C
The
bombardment
of
cities
really
probably
war
crimes
happening
really
horrific
in
response,
perhaps
to
putin's
surprise
the
west
has
has
been
galvanized
has
had
a
united
and
what's
fascinating,
is
kind
of
increasingly
intense
response
and
you've
all
been
following
this,
so
I
don't
need
to
go
through
what
what
has
been
happening,
but
the
set
of
sanctions
from
freezing
assets,
russian
assets,
seizing
yachts,.
C
Cutting
a
russian
banking
system
for
the
most
part
out
of
the
international
financial
markets.
Even
now
contemplating
the
us's
ban
imports
of
russian
energy,
the
eu
is
talking
about
significant
cuts
and
imports.
Enormous
impact
on
russia's
economy,
that's
already
biting
and
will
continue
to
to
bite
business
response
is
quite
extraordinary
across
the
across
the
board:
u.s
businesses,
mcdonald's
shuttering,
its
stores
in
in
russia.
C
It
really
is
an
extraordinary
response,
perhaps,
as
I
said,
not
really
expected
by
by
by
putin.
This
is,
I
mean,
obviously
it's
putting
enormous
pressure
on
on
russia
on
putin,
but
it's
also
going
to
have
significant
and
is
already
having
significant
impacts
here
in
in
the
u.s,
most
obviously
rising
energy
prices,
global
supply
disruptions.
C
The
war
itself
is
disrupting
food
supplies.
Ukraine
is
an
enormous
exporter
of
foods,
so
this
is
enormously
disruptive.
C
Event,
we
don't
know
where
it's
going
to
end.
There
does
not
appear
to
be
an
easy
exit.
Ramp
putin
is
appears
determined
to
control
ukraine
at
pretty
much
at
any
cost,
and
while
there's
some
signs
of
softening
of
positions,
it
seems
likely
that
this
is
going
to
really
be
quite
catastrophic.
Obviously
you
know
for
state
legislatures.
C
This
is
mostly
truly
you
know
about
national
government
responses.
But,
as
john
said
at
the
outset,
there
are
a
lot
of
things
that
states
can
do
and
I
think
don
you
actually
listed
the
things
that
are
that
are
really
happening.
Certainly
here
in
colorado,
the
state
legislature
passed
a
resolution
condemning
the
invasion
and
that's
happening
around
the
country,
and
you
might
think
well,
that's
just
symbolic,
but
it's
it's
important
as
part
of
a
generalized
recognition
that
this
is
not
acceptable.
C
The
the
other
things
that
are
happening,
I
think,
are
also
important.
Procurements
is
a
is
a
big
tool
for
state
governments
and
so
again,
here
in
colorado.
What's
happened
is
really
looking
at
all
of
the
contracts
and
trying
to
get
out
of
contracts
looking
to
the
future,
not
to
contract
with
russian
businesses,
or
indeed
even
businesses,
doing
doing
business
in
russia.
C
Each
state
doing
this
cumulatively,
also
an
impact
also
divestment
of
various
investments
in
one
kind
or
another,
notably,
for
example,
endowments
to
state
universities
and,
like
also
a
vehicle
for
to
put
put
pressure,
and
then
I
would
say
very
importantly,
all
of
us
and
here
states
can
play
quite
a
role,
have
an
obligation
to
do
what
we
can
to
address
the
ins.
It's
just
stunning,
humanitarian
crisis.
That
is
is
happening.
We
you
know
already.
C
I
think
more
than
two
million
people
have
fled
many
more
internally
displaced,
there's
every
reason
to
believe
that
this
will
be,
you
know,
will
grow
and
grow.
We
haven't
seen
anything
on
this
scale
really
since
world
war
ii.
This
is
a
true
humanitarian
crisis,
and
states
can
welcome.
Refugees
can
provide
assistance
to
those
who
come.
Obviously,
it's
really
federal
policy
that
determines
who
can
come,
but
states
can
play
a
big
role
in
providing
a
safe
landing
for
for
for
refugees.
C
So
those
are
the
things
that
I
think
we
can
we
can
do
it
is
you
know
my
in
my
in
my
career,
probably
it's
it's
hard
to
think
of
a
more
catastrophic,
more
intense,
more
important
moment
for
in
indeed,
you
know
for
this
country
for
for
for
indeed
the
whole
liberal
order,
the
the
state
of
world
affairs
and
it's
it's
kind
of
all
hands
on
deck.
So
I
applaud
ncsl
and
all
of
you
for
for
having
this
conversation
and
looking
for
ways
to
be
part
of
the
solution.
A
Thank
you
fritz
and
thank
you
rachel
for
those
remarks
and
and
for
for
kind
of
setting
the
framework
here
for
our
our
discussion
and-
and
I
think
we
we're
all
in
agreement
that
this
is
certainly
a
seminal
moment
in
in
in
modern
history
and
in
international
affairs
and
and
I
think
that
kind
of
teased
us
up
well
for
for
our
next
set
of
remarks
from
this
rare.
A
As
I
mentioned,
the
game
president
and
ceo
of
u.s
global
leadership
coalition,
and
I
think
liz
is
going
to
you-
know,
tie
this
conflict
in
more
broadly
with
with
international
affairs
and
and
america's
position
as
a
leader
in
the
global
arena.
So
liz
I'll
pass
it
over
to
you.
D
Thanks
john,
it's
wonderful
to
follow
fritz
and
rachel.
I
have
such
respect
for
everything
that
corbell
school
does
and
love
to
partner
with
you
and
to
the
state,
legislators
and
and
and
your
staff.
I
got
my
start
in
working
with
state
government
and
I
know
you
are
on
the
front
line
protecting
america.
Americans
every
day
my
organization
is
john
gave
a
hint
to
the
u.s
global
leadership
coalition.
D
We
work
with
hundreds
of
state
legislators
every
day
and
and
more
and
more
state
and
local
prince
who
just
gave
a
touch
of
it,
are
literally
dealing
with
global
issues
every
day.
This
is
an
unusual
one
but,
as
I
have
said
over
the
last
few
weeks,
you
know
from
covid
to
putin
neither
of
them
respect
borders
right
now
and
and
what
we
see
constantly
that
what's
happening
overseas
is
impacting
us
here
at
home.
D
One
of
our
co-chairs
is
he
just
stepped
down
as
mayor
of
columbia,
south
carolina,
steve,
benjamin
mayor,
steve,
benjamin
some
of
you
may
know,
and
he
is
saying
constantly,
there's
no
longer
anything
foreign
about
foreign
policy
and
so
right
now
we're
talking
about
the
rise
of
authoritarianism
rachel.
I
loved
your
remarks
about
setting
the
context
of
this
conversation,
but
it
impacts
our
values,
but
it
impacts
our
security
and
our
economy
and
that's
what
I
want
to
bring
to
this
conversation
and
and
talk
about
the
politics
a
little
bit
about
about
what
we're
seeing.
D
You
know
my
organization,
it's
so
surreal,
because
we
started
at
the
end
of
the
cold
war
and
and
and
the
reason
we
did
and
and
fritz.
Your
comments
made
me
think
about
this.
Is
we
had
you
know
america
just
won
and
there
were
citizens
in
this
country.
Who
said
we
won?
We
don't
need
to
be
engaged
in
the
world,
so
we
can
pull
back
and
and
and
we
don't
need
a
state
department,
we
don't
need
programs
like
usaid,
we
don't
need
peace
corps.
We
are
two
big
oceans
on
bordering
our
country.
D
We
don't
need
to
be
engaged
in
the
world
and
they
didn't.
You
know
we
weren't
thinking
about
the
lessons
of
world
war,
one
which
was
a
loser
when
we
withdrew
from
the
world
and
the
lessons
of
world
war
ii,
which
was
a
winner
when
we
get
engaged
for
70
years-
and
I
honestly
remember-
I
am
old
enough
to
remember
members
of
congress
going
to
the
floor
of
the
house
and
bragging
that
they
didn't
own
a
passport
and
want
to
cut
our
footprint
in
the
world.
So
we
organized
and
who
we
are,
is
an
organization.
D
That's
an
advocacy
group.
The
washington
post
calls
it
the
strange
bed,
fellow
coalition
I'll,
take
it.
We
are
business
leaders,
we
are
ngos,
we
are
faith
leaders.
We
are
military
leaders,
we
are
in
your
state.
We
are
state
legislators
come
on
board
because
it
is
about
america's
engagement
in
the
world.
So
let's
talk
about
ukraine
and
how
it
engages-
and
I'm
going
to
tell
you
the
story
of
like
it
is.
This
is
a
bipartisan
issue.
D
Just
this
week,
early
this
week,
one
of
the
drivers
of
the
big
1.5
trillion
dollar
omnibus
that
got
passed
was
a
almost
just
under
15
billion
dollar
emergency
funding
package.
For
ukraine.
Half
of
which
is
to
deal
with
the
humanitarian
crisis
that
fritz
you
just
talked
about.
So
this
the
way
I'm
going
to
talk
about
the
the
connection
to
the
politics
of
this
of
why
the
american
people,
at
the
moment,
it's
not
going
to
last,
but
at
the
moment,
70
percent,
who
says
yeah
we'll
take
higher
gas
prices.
D
Yeah
wait
till
we
get
to
memorial
weekend
and
you
know
nobody's
going
to
want
to
want
that
high
price
anymore.
But
I
just
published
an
op-ed
on
monday
and
my
title
was
elton
john
vladimir
putin
in
my
last
conversation
with
colin
powell
and
you're
all
thinking.
What
in
the
world
is
that
about,
but
general
powell
was
my
dear
friend,
and
he
was
the
chair
of
my
organization
for
16
years.
D
He
he
we
often
talked
about
america's
role
in
the
world
and-
and
I
I
keep
thinking
about
what
he
would
say
about
right
now-
the
atrocities
of
putin,
as
well
as
the
inspiration
of
the
ukrainian
people
and
and
the
last
conversation
I
had
he
he
actually
talked
to
me
about
he
said
liz.
You
need
to
watch
this
video
the
night,
a
1985
video
of
a
music
video
of
elton
john.
D
I
looked
it
up,
we
can
all
look
it
up
and
it's
and
it's
called
nikita
and
it's
elton
john
serenading,
this
beautiful
east
german
soldier
on
the
other
side
of
the
berlin
wall
and
and
elton
john
sitting
in
this
red
limousine.
Now,
if
you
know
anything
about
general
powell,
he
loved
cars-
and
I
thought
it
was
the
cars,
but
it
wasn't.
D
It
was
the
words
of
elton
john
and
elm
john
says
guns
and
gates
no
longer
hold
you
in
and
if
you're
free,
to
make
a
choice,
just
look
towards
the
west
and
find
a
friend
and
that's
what
rachel's
talking
about
this
poland
tag
of
the
west
and
east
and
what
colin
powell
believed
and
that's
the
battle
going
on
right
now.
Is
he
believed
that
u.s
global
leadership
wasn't
a
republican
or
democratic
issue
was
an
american
issue
and
as
much
as
he
was
a
soldier,
he
was
a
citizen
soldier.
D
He
believed
in
the
military,
but
he
believed
we
needed
to
lead
by
diplomacy
and
global
development,
and-
and
that
is
what
we
advocate
for
and
when
I,
the
reason
I
think
americans
are
kind
of
railing
right
now
is
several
things
because
what
he
always
said
to
me
what
he
always
said
in
the
new
york
times
when
we
would
write
out
beds
and
do
things
with
together
is
it's
because
it's
in
american
interest.
So
as
state
legislators,
you
get
this
because
you
do
this
every
day.
D
So
you
know,
let's
walk
through
fritz
already
said
some
of
this
rachel
already
said
this,
but
first
and
foremost
it's
about
it's
about
of
value
statements.
You
know
democracy
versus
autocracy
and
authoritarianism.
No
one
understands
democracy
better
than
local
elected
leaders
like
you
we're
witnessing
the
invasion
of
ukraine
when
the
state
of
democracy
is
at
its
decline.
D
There
are
73
countries
over
the
last
year,
according
to
freedom
house
that
have
declined
the
16th
year
in
a
row
that
we've
been
on
a
decline,
the
the
other
big
issue
and
americans,
don't
don't
like
that
and
we've
seen
it
polling
after
polling.
Second,
this
is
the
big
one.
The
economy
fritz
already
mentioned
this
three
data
points
that
I
would
point
you
to
one
I'll.
Just
give
you
a
couple
data
points.
D
If
you
talk
to
your
constituents,
you
know
it
because
you're
seeing
it
in
the
grocery
stores,
but
if
there's
a
reason
they
call
it
the
bread
basket
of
the
world.
Thirty
percent
of
global
wheat
is
is
is
produced
is
exported
from
russia
or
ukraine.
Twelve
percent
of
calories
are
traded
worldwide
from
that
region.
It's
not
just
the
growth
factor,
it's
the
fertilizer
that
goes
into
humans.
It
goes
into
it
goes
into
our
animals.
It's
going
to
affect
our
meat.
It's
not
just
going
to
affect
our
wheat.
D
One
of
things
that's
under
reported
is
it's
going
to
affect
the
poorest
parts
of
the
world
that
rely
on
bread,
the
most
the
least
ability
to
afford
it,
and
some
of
the
places
that
have
the
biggest
conflict
areas
that
I
am
super
concerned
about
it.
We
we
what
we
can
talk
about
the
energy
issues-
that's
probably
been
the
most
reported
on,
and
we
know
that
that
is
skyrocketing.
And
frankly,
if
we
don't
figure
out
how
to
do
the
geopolitical
energy
policy
better,
you
know-
and
you
you
know
where
we're
talking.
D
You
know
it's-
iran,
venezuela,
saudi
arabia,
some
of
the
not
great
players
in
the
world.
That's
what
the
problem
is,
but
another
area
that
the
third
one
that
I
would
say
economically
is
the
ship
shortage.
Remember
ukraine
is
the
leading
supplier
of
neon
gas,
which
is
which
for
the
u.s.
That's
where
semiconductor
industry
is
really
important.
So
watch
what's
going
to
happen
when
all
of
a
sudden
it's
going
to
affect
car
prices
and
cell
phones.
D
The
other
thing
I
want
to
mention
is
pick
up
something
that
fritz
just
talked
about,
which
is
this
humanitarian
crisis.
So
so
far
the
2.2
million
refugees,
one
million
of
those
are
children.
I
mean
you're,
seeing
it
on
television
by
the
way.
If
it
wasn't
for
cell
phones,
we
would
have
a
very,
very
different
situation
going
on
so
misinformation.
Disinformation
is
a
huge,
huge
problem,
but
sometimes
real
information
on
cell
phones
has
a
plus
side,
and
this
is
one
of
the
plus
sides,
but
go
back
to
the
humanitarian.
D
D
Remember
this
food
crisis
that
fritz
just
said,
the
arab
spring
in
2007
2008
exploded,
exploded
in
good
and
bad
ways
because
of
a
food
spike
and
crisis.
Last
thing
I
want
to
say,
and
I'm
happy
to
answer
any
questions
on
all
these
things.
I
just
said
global
threats
do
not
stop
because
there's
one
that's
bigger
than
them
three
that
I
want
you
to
remember
and
think
about,
because
they
land
on
your
door
as
state
legislators.
D
Thank
goodness,
it
has
slowed
down
and
declined
in
the
united
states
of
america
and
in
a
lot
of
western
rich
countries,
but
it
is
at
12
vaccine
rate
in
low-income
countries
and
the
new
variant
there
will
be
another
one,
and
the
only
thing
we
don't
know
is
it
is
if
it's
omicron,
which
we
basically
bounce
back
for
for
most
people,
but
not
all
or
is
it
delta,
which
we
did
not
handle?
Well,
so
we
have
to
still
get
shots
in
the
arms
and
have
a
global
response,
as
well
as
the
pandem
pandemic
preparedness.
D
13
combatant
commanders
signed
a
letter
to
capitol
hill
recently
that
says
this
is
threatening
our
security.
Over
almost
two
dozen
top
business
leaders
said
if
we
don't
respond
globally
to
the
pandemic.
This
is
going
to
affect
our
economic
interests
right
now.
Second,
issue:
we'd
better
pay
attention
to
as
competition
to
china.
You
know
this
in
your
communities
each
and
every
day,
each
and
every
day,
prior
to
covid,
more
than
half
of
u.s
exports
went
to
the
developing
world
in
the
first
nine
months
of
2021
21.
D
Just
last
year,
trade
to
africa
and
china
increased
by
40
bilateral
trade.
We
can't
stop
that,
but
we
better
darn
compete
there.
So
we
have
to
pay
attention
that
and
then
the
last
thing
I
want
to
come
back
to
one
last
thing:
global
hunger.
I
mentioned
that
before
my
friend
david
beasley,
he
was
he
is.
He
won
the
nobel
peace
prize
for
the
world
food
program.
He
is
a
former
south
carolina
governor.
If
any
of
you
from
south
carolina,
he
was
appointed
by
donald
trump
and
he
is
still
there
under
joe
biden.
D
He
is
fabulous
david
beasley
has
talked
about.
There
are
45
million
people
around
the
world
that
literally
on
the
brink
of
famine
and
232
million
people
that
are
one
step
away
from
it.
Where
are
the
people
that
are
most
hungry?
I'm
gonna
name
a
few
countries
just
think
about
them:
afghanistan,
haiti,
yemen,
what
what
is
the
common
thread?
Yay,
proud
of
south
carolina
common
thread?
These
are
places
that
are
conflict.
D
We
may
it
hurts
our
heart
when
people
are
starving,
but
my
friends
this
is
places
that
are
going
to
come
back
to
haunt
us.
If
we
don't
pay
attention
to
them,
so
john,
I'm
going
to
give
it
back
to
you.
But
I
would
say
this:
we
at
usglc
welcome
you
to
be
part
of
our
town
hall
meetings
and
conversations.
I
have
colleagues
michelle
beckering
is
on
on
the
zoom
call
with
me
today.
We
we
are
in
your
home
communities.
D
We
have
business
leaders
and
veterans
and
and
and
community
leaders
and
and
universities
that
are
part
of
the
conversations
that-
and
we
host
members
of
congress
in
in
conversation
about
why
leading
globally
matters
locally
because
it
does
as
we
just
as
I
just
started.
To
give
a
few
and-
and
you
know,
zoom
actually
has
has
made
our
expansion
better.
D
We
just
hosted
jerry
moran
the
center
from
kansas,
there's
anybody
from
kansas
and
he's
head
of
the
global
hunger
caucus,
and
if
we
were
local,
a
few
hundred
people
would
have
shown
which
is
fantastic,
but
because
we're
on
zoom
20,
000
kansans
joined,
which
is
amazing,
to
have
a
conversation
like
that.
So
so
join
us
and
be
part
of
it,
and
I
look
forward
to
a
further
and
deeper
conversation.
A
A
We're
going
to
move
on
to
some
questions
now,
and
I
definitely
encourage
some
folks
to
either
start
raising
their
hands
or
put
some
questions
in
the
chat,
but
to
get
things
going,
I'm
going
to
throw
over
the
virtual
microphone
to
ncsl
vice
president
and
sprinkle,
a
speaker
protem
from
the
great
state
of
rhode,
island
speaker
pro
tem
candy.
Are
you
there.
E
E
E
At
the
same
time,
russia
began
bombarding
the
western
region
of
ukraine
today,
which
makes
it
very
unlikely
that
the
wheat
is
going
to
get
planted
and,
as
a
result,
I
think
there
is
going
to
be
more
of
this
food
insecurity
for
the
world,
since
so
much
of
the
world
relies
on
the
wheat
crop
and
no
matter
how
big
our
harvest
is
in
the
united
states,
we
can't
make
up
for
what
the
entire
world
needs,
especially
when
you're
looking
at
over
30
of
that
wheat
crop
just
comes
from
that
bread
basket
of
the
world.
E
In
addition
to
all
this,
we're
looking
at
russia
shutting
off
access
to
those
people
in
the
various
ukrainian
cities,
shutting
off
their
access
to
to
getting
food
supplies.
Water
supplies
the
internet
heat
because
it's
very
cold
there
below
freezing
temperatures
and
electricity,
and
so
the
the
ukrainians
that
are
still
staying
in
the
city
who
have
not
migrated
across
the
borders
now
have
to
deal
with
the
fact
that
at
what
point
does
this
become
a
humanitarian
crisis
that
the
allies,
the
united
states
in
europe
are
actually
going
to
take
steps
to
do
something?
E
I
know
everyone
is
afraid
to
to
try
to
cross
that
border
into
ukraine,
but
at
some
point
a
decision
has
to
be
made
because
otherwise
this
humanitarian
crisis
is
going
to
become
even
even
worse
and
and
unfortunately,
it
almost
looks
like
it's
emboldening
vladimir
putin
to
continue
with
his
campaign
of
war.
C
Well,
I
don't
know
liz.
You
could
speak
to
this
very
well
as.
C
I
mean
your
points,
are
I
mean
you're?
You
know
exactly
right.
I
mean
the
magnitude
of
this
is
extraordinary
both
in
terms
of
the
the
impact
on
world
on
the
world.
As
liz
pointed
out
earlier.
C
It's
you
know
it's
not
just
the
prices
are
going
up
there,
parts
of
the
world
that
really
you
know
people
are
going
to
go
hungry
around
the
world
because
of
this,
and
then,
as
you
say,
the
situation
in
the
cities
now
in
in
ukraine
are
just
horrific
and
it
looks
like
you
know,
a
kind
of
medieval
siege,
as
I
put
it
earlier.
C
Your
final,
your
question,
though,
is
is
the
big
one.
I
mean,
as
you
well
know,
we've
shied
away
from
the
possibility
of
of
direct
conflict
with
russia
resisted.
The
call
for
a
no-fly
zone
said
because
ukraine
is
not
part
of
nato
that
we
would
not
intervene
militarily
and
that
seems
to
be
holding,
and
yet
we've
done
things
that
we
didn't
think
were
going
to
happen
along
the
way,
and
I
think
you
asked
a
really
profound
question.
C
The
pressure
to
intervene
may
well
grow
to
the
point
where
we
look
for
ways
to
intervene.
Whether
that's
trying
to
create
some
safe
havens
in
the
western
part
of
ukraine
there's,
certainly
a
lot
of
talk
about
that
now.
That
firewall
is
pretty
is
pretty
strong,
but
you
raised
the
question
at
what
point
is
this
such
a
calamity
that
both
on
humanitarian
grounds
and
because
of
the
impact
it's
having
on
the
west?
We
look
for
other
ways
to
intervene.
C
As
you
know,
we
are
arming,
you
know
getting
as
many
arms
into
ukraine
as
possible.
I
guess
the
idea
of
providing
jets
is
still
somewhat
stalled,
but
lots
of
other
weapons
still
flowing
into
ukraine
to
you
know
to
help
the
ukrainian
forces
we'll
see,
I
still
don't
think
the
u.s
will
or
the
west
will
intervene
militarily,
but
a
lot
of
things
that
we
didn't
think
we
would
do
have
actually
now
happened.
D
D
You
know
arena
into
into
the
arab
spring
and
in
some
ways
there's
people
who
are
writing
you
this
that
the
master
class
that
zilinski
is
doing
around
communications,
but
there's
also
this
question.
You
know
how
biden
is
running
our
foreign
policy
and
the
way
that
he
is,
you
know
not
doing
the
mistakes
of
afghanistan,
but
what
I'm
actually
watching
is
it's
the
same
people
that
were
in
there
during
syria
and
a
lot
of
them
don't
want
to
make
the
mistake
that
they
made
in
syria,
which
is
that
they
left
the
opposition.
D
D
A
lot
of
things
smart
and
the
republicans
have
given
them
credit
reluctantly,
but
they've
given
credit
about
allowed
to
sing
smart
and
now
the
real
question
is
it's
starting
to
splinter
as
to
how
long
do
you
let
him
go
exactly
on
your
question,
because
it's
it's
beyond
just
humanitarian
and
that's
your
exact
question.
There's
the
humanitarian
question
everybody's
all
in
on
the
humanitarian,
but
the
question
is
at
what
point
is
that
line
where
it's
no
longer
about
humanitarian?
D
This
is
about
an
instability
in
the
world
and
at
what
point
is
the
line?
No
longer
okay
for
our
own
security
and
that's
why
I'm
seeing
now,
I'm
watching
my
twitter
feed
and
I'm
watching
members
of
congress
on
the
democratic
side
and
senators
say
enough
already:
you
are
you.
Administration
are
not
going
far
enough
just
on
what
fritz
said
on
mig.
Send
them
the
mix,
you
know,
stop
on
the
no-fly
zone
and
I
think
we
are
at
a
point
that
as
soon
as
putin
does
one
thing
that
really
crosses
the
line.
D
D
I
I'm
I'm,
I'm
I'm
not
the
decision
maker,
I'm
giving
you
my
observation
at
what
point?
Does
the
pressure
grow
for
an
administration
who
knows
that
is
and
and
rachel
rachel
knows
this
best
and
maybe
rachel
wants
to
answer.
The
administration
knows
that
they
are
better
to
not
be
seen
as
making
all
the
decisions
themselves
and
be
part
of
the
allies
and
they've
done
that.
I
think
quite
well.
B
So
I
I
will
just
weigh
in
because
I
don't
disagree
with
anything
that
fritz
or
liz
have
said,
but
I
understand
the
hesitancy
on
the
west
part
to
engage
more
directly,
and
you
know
I'm
very
sympathetic
with
the
question
as
well.
B
By
virtue
of
intervening,
which
is
not
to
disagree
with
anything,
anybody
has
said
about
the
horror
of
the
crisis
that
we're
seeing
unfolding,
but
we
also
don't
want
to
make
the
united
states
vulnerable
to
nuclear
attack.
I
mean
at
the
end
that's
what's
at
stake
right,
so
we
need
to
be
extremely
cautious.
I
think
about
our
next
moves.
A
I'm
going
to
well,
thank
you
all
for
your.
Your
very
well
thought
out
responses.
There
really
appreciated
it.
I'm
going
to
move
on
to
the
next
question
we
received
from
clint
clint,
I'm
going
to
butcher
your
last
name,
so
I'm
just
going
to
admit
it.
For
the
time
being,
clint
is
with
senator
john
laird's
office.
I
believe
in
california,
and
clint's
question
was
oh
no,
I
lost
it.
A
Clint
wants
to
know-
and
I
think
this
is
very
helpful
for
legislative
staff.
If,
if
anyone
can
provide
an
answer
here,
but
what
type
of
messages
are
state
legislators
likely
to
hear
from
various
countries,
consulate
offices
on
what's
happening
in
ukraine?
That
perhaps
should
be
taken
with
some
caution
since
so
many
countries
are
invested
in
the
conflict's
outcome,
so
there
any
anything
that
should
maybe
raise
alarm
bells
or
that
staff
or
legislators
should
be
particularly
cautious
when,
when
being
told.
A
Anyone,
I
guess,
are
there
any?
Are
there
any
issues
here
that
that
some
countries
might
might
try
and
push
individual
legislators
on
that?
Maybe
they
should
be
cautious
around.
C
Yeah,
I
don't
know,
I'm
hardly
expert
on
that,
but
it's
certainly
the
case
that
not
every
country
in
the
world
is
is
siding
with
us,
so
it
would
be
interesting.
One
can
speculate,
but
starting
with
china.
C
One
can
imagine
a
hesitancy
there,
because
some
of
the
things
that
we're
putting
in
place
actually
reverberate
in
in
in
into
china,
so
that
we're
sanctioning
businesses,
chinese
businesses,
for
example,
doing
business
in
in
russia.
So
I
can
imagine
messages
coming
from
china
or
india
or
other
countries
who
are
fearful
that
their
businesses
would
be
impacted
by
the
you
know,
the
sanctions
regime
that
we're
putting
in
place
for
russia.
That's
the
kind
of
thing
that
I
can
imagine
I'd
be
curious.
C
There
may
be
people
in
the
audience
who
you
know
listening,
who
actually
know
the
answer
better
than
than
we
as
to
what
they're
hearing.
D
A
good
part,
terrible
mis
misinformation
within
russia,
again
rachel's,
probably
a
better
expert
than
I
am,
but
they've
literally,
you
know,
cut
off
all
of
western
press,
so
they,
the
misinformation
and
disinformation
within
the
region,
is
a
enormous
problem.
One
of
the
things
that
actually
has
been
a
surprise
is
that
to
date,
unless
rachel,
you
know
something,
I
don't,
they
haven't
used
any
of
the
cyber
warfare
that
we
were
anticipating
and
they've,
actually
left
much
more
open
than
we
had
thought.
D
All
of
the
readings
that
I
have
done
all
the
information
intel
that
I
have
is
a
lot
of
it
is
because
they've
needed
it
for
to
in
ukraine
in
order
to
just
communicate
within
their
own
their
their
own
military.
So
I
think
that
is
the
biggest
issue
is
a
broader
misinformation.
Disinformation
challenge
that
we
have
in
china
and
russia
are
are,
are
the
kings
and
queens
of
that.
A
Yeah,
thank
you.
I
recognize
that
was.
That
was
maybe
a
tough
question
from
for
all
of
you
to
answer
from
your
perspective,
but
you
know,
as
fritz
said,
I
would
certainly
be
interested.
I'm
sure
other
folks
would
be
interested
to
hear
if
any
of
you
are
are
fielding
any
of
those
questions
and
what
some
of
those
themes
and
topics
might
be.
I
was
going
to
pass
it
over
kim
madsen
from
utah.
Are
you
are
you
on
here?
A
Well,
I'm
gonna,
I'm
gonna
go
ahead
and
and
ask
this
question
for
kim
liz
kim
can
mention
that
she
she
had
been
reading
your
your
op-ed
that
you'd
written
in
the
hill
recently
and
that
you
had
mentioned
bipartisanship
a
number
of
times
that-
and
you
know
ncsl-
is
of
course
all
about
bipartisanship
now
not
to
force
a
silver
lining
on
what
is
certainly
a
dark
and
ominous
cloud.
A
But
you
know:
we've
been
living
in
an
era
of
extreme
hyperpartisanship,
at
least
for
the
last
five
ten
years.
Does
this?
Does
this
conflict
in
a
way
provide
a
moment
for
true
bipartisanship
to
to
occur
throughout
the
american
political
sphere.
D
So
you
know
I
I
grew
up
in
the
midwest,
so
I
and-
and
I
went
to
school
in
michigan,
the
home
of
senator
arthur
vandenberg,
who
is
the
famous
quote
of
politics,
stops
at
the
water's
edge.
G
D
D
They
want
to
be
safe
and
we
want
to
be
respected
and
what
happens
when
you're
at
war
we
want
to
be
safe,
and
when
you
take
over
a
country
you
try
to
take
over
a
country
uninvited
that
isn't,
okay
and
that
rallies,
democrats
and
republicans
alike.
So
we
can
disagree
about
things
that
we
just
were
talking
about.
No
fly
zone,
yes
or
no
or
as
brian
was
asking.
When
is
you
know?
How
should
we
be
sending
you
know
military
planes
or
to
over
to
to
poland
or
not?
And
when?
D
D
There
is
enormous,
enormous
bipartisan
support
for
what
america
was
done
and
if
you
watch
republican,
no
republican
wants
to
say
something
nice
about
democrat
and
no
democrat
wants
to
say
something
nice
by
the
republican
washington,
but
even
republicans
will
say
and
pat
biden
on
the
back
on
on
ukraine
and
believe
me,
no
democrat
nor
republican
on
the
hill
said
anything
nice
about
biden
on
afghanistan
because
they
feel
good
about
it
and
biden's
team
did
a
good
job
at
engaging
the
republican
side
on
it.
So
I
do
think
that
this
is
a
moment.
D
C
Liz,
let
me
I'm
curious
if
I
could
ask
you
a
question
about
this,
because
I'm
I'm
struck
by
I've
spent
some
time
in
washington
and
working
on
the
hills
and
I'm
struck
by
every.
I
agree
with
everything
you
said,
but
biden
doesn't
seem
to
be
the
beneficiary
of
this,
and
you
know
from
where
I
sit.
C
Right
so
I
think
you
know,
from
my
perspective,
he's
done
a
pretty
like
a
masterful
job
of
coordinating
our
allies,
repairing.
You
know
the
challenges
that
you
know
that
we
face
with
our
allies,
coordinating
this
massive
western
response,
and
it's
true
that
there
is
support
for
a
number
of
measures,
but
biden's
whole
numbers.
Are
you
know
this?
Isn't
what
happened
to
you
know
to
bush
after
9
11
this
or
any
other
crisis
that
that
that
one
could
imagine
there
seems
to
be
less
of
a.
C
He
seems
to
be
less
of
a
beneficiary
of
the
rally
around
the
flag
phenomenon
and
the
republicans
are
while
they're
supporting
this
thing.
They
at
the
same
time,
you
know
eager
to
to
you,
know,
crush
him
on
energy
prices
and
inflation,
even
though
they
are
the
logical
consequences
of
actions
that
they
in
fact
called
for.
So
I'm
curious
what
your
take
is
on
that.
Why
is
biden
not
really
being
the
beneficiary.
D
Talking
to
a
bunch
of
politicians,
I
I
fear
giving
an
answer
that
they
probably
all
could
give
themselves,
but
I'll
give
you
I'll
take
a
crack
at
it
and
others
may
have
their
their
own
opinion
on
it
too.
He
got
you
know
if
he
looked
at
the
polling,
he
got
a
small
bump
that
nobody
knows
if
it's
a
war
bump
or
a
state
of
the
union
bump,
and
it's
already
back
to
prince
the
union
numbers
as
you've
already
seen.
I,
I
would
say
a
number
of
things.
D
First,
they
believed,
as
I
said
earlier,
that
the
way
to
be
successful
is
to
make
sure
they
go
with
others
and
they
don't
go
in
front
of
our
allies,
but
to
go
with,
and
in
some
cases
even
going
behind
was
the
success
so
part
of
being
successful
in
doing
what
we
do
was
not
necessarily
to
be.
You
know
the
beating
of
the
of
the
chest,
and
so,
if
you're
really,
you
know
not
paying
uber
uber
attention,
which
is
all
the
people
on
this
call,
you
don't
necessarily
see
the
what
you
described.
D
You
don't
see
that
so
that's
number
one
number
two
is
is
that
many
americans
are
just
you
know,
still
reeling
from
the
economic
and
health,
dr
appropriate
drama
of
covid,
and
then
on
top
of
it
they're
going
and
filling
up
their
gas
pipe
and
it's
450
plus,
if
you're
in
california
longer
you
know
higher
and
they're
going
and
buying
bread
and
it's
it's
hurting
their
pocketbook
and
they're,
not
really
putting
it
all
together.
D
A
D
Disconnect
is
I'm
still
pissed
at
washington
and
who's
in
charge
in
washington,
joe
biden,
so
so
that's
happening,
and
then
the
third
and
final
thing
I'll
say
is
that
you've
got
two
things
going
on
politically.
You've
got
a
democratic
party
that
literally
fights
on
on
you,
know
msnbc
and
cnn,
every
single
night
they
fight
and
you've
got
a
republican
media
machine.
That
is
the
opposition
and
one
thing
that
opposition
does
really
well
democrat
or
republican.
C
A
Yeah,
thank
you.
Everyone.
One
final
question:
before
we
wrap
up
here,
I'd
like
to
invite
ncso
staff
chair,
jj,
gentrio,.
F
Thanks
john,
I
I
just
want
to
note
I'm
actually
in
washington
dc
right
now
and
if
you
walk
around
dc
or
visit
recently,
there's
a
lot
of
yellow
and
blue
lighting
and
flags
and
things
it's
a
it's
kind
of
interesting
to
see.
I
don't
know
that
I've
seen
this
in
a
while
in
washington,
but
I
just
wanted
to
ask
john
one:
I'm
excited
about
this
being
the
the
inaugural
meeting
of
of
the
international
network.
A
Yeah
thanks
for
the
question
jj.
So
if
you
go
on
our
website,
ncsl
iic,
that
will
bring
you
to
the
institute
for
international
cooperation
homepage,
we
have
been
collecting,
as
as
I'm
sure
you
can
imagine,
it's
been
a
little
hectic
over
the
past
week
or
two
as
this
flood
of
legislation
is
introduced,
so
we've
been
collecting
offline.
All
of
the
legislation
that's
been
introduced
regarding
ukraine
and
russia.
A
The
plan
is
in
the
next
week
or
so
to
to
get
that
onto
the
iic's
homepage,
we're
also,
hopefully
going
to
collaborate
with,
perhaps
our
energy
policy
group
and
a
couple
of
other
policy
groups
to
discuss.
You
know
the
impacts
of
this
more
broadly
across
the
the
various
policy
areas.
A
And
I
think
that
was
it
for
jj,
so
yeah
definitely
encourage
you
all
and
and
in
the
meantime,
until
that
online
resource
gets
posted.
Please
reach
out
to
me
I'll,
be
happy
to
send
you
any
updates
that
we
have
and
now.
First
of
all,
thank
you
so
much
to
rachel,
fritz
and
liz
for
this
fascinating
discussion.
I
really
appreciate
you
all
coming
today
and
talking
to
our
group.
A
I
know
that
you're
probably
getting
a
ton
of
requests
to
talk
on
this
topic
at
the
moment,
so
it's
very
meaningful
that
you
that
you
were
able
to
make
the
time
this
morning
before
we
wrap
up
for
the
day,
I'm
going
to
pass
the
mic
over
to
stacy
householder,
who
is
the
director
of
ncsl's
leaders
and
international
program,
stacey.
G
Thanks
john-
and
I
echo
your
thanks
to
liz
fritz
and
rachel,
your
expertise
is
so
valuable.
So
thank
you
very
much
for
sharing
it
with
us
today
and
thank
all
of
you
in
the
states
for
joining
us.
For
this
inaugural
event.
The
next
international
network
meeting
will
be
friday
june,
24th,
so
mark
it
down
on
your
calendar.
That
will
be
again
a
virtual
event
at
noon.
G
Eastern
time
we'll
be
be
providing
an
update
on
the
war
in
ukraine
and
bringing
in
one
of
ncsl's
policy
groups
to
discuss
their
engagement
with
international
audiences
on
a
global
policy
topic
we'll
also
be
soliciting
input
for
our
july
31st
in-person
international
network
meeting.
That
will
be
in
conjunction
with
the
legislative
summit
here
in
denver
colorado.
G
So
please
get
in
touch
with
john
who
has
done
an
amazing
job,
making
connections
between
state,
legislatures
and
international
partners,
we're
so
thankful
for
our
continuing
relationships
with
many
of
our
international
friends
this
past
year.
We're
especially
grateful
for
our
strong
partnerships
with
quebec,
ireland,
unalley
in
brazil,
germany
and
the
partnership
of
parliaments,
japan,
aifl
and
israel,
canada,
kenya
and
nigeria.
Just
to
name
a
few.
We
look
forward
to
continuing
our
work
with
these
partners
and
welcoming
opportunities
with
more
and
now
more
than
ever.
G
States
need
strong
bonds
with
the
international
community,
as
we've
heard
today.
Collaborating
on
global
partnerships
and
democratic
principles
are
key
to
finding
innovative
solutions
to
global
policy
issues
as
the
premier
organizations
serving
state
legislatures
and
their
counterparts
internationally.
The
ncsl
institute
for
international
cooperation
is
uniquely
posed
to
facilitate
and
grow
these
relationships.
So
please
turn
to
us.
Often
thank
you
all
again
for
your
support
and
listening
today.