NEAR Whiteboard Series with NEAR | Technical Deep Dive Sessions, 7 Sep 2019

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From YouTube: Whiteboard Series with NEAR | Ep: 29 Taylor Wei from Top Network

Description

Taylor Wei and CTO Illia Polosukhin (https://twitter.com/ilblackdragon) talk about TOP Network in the 29th episode of the Whiteboard Session. TOP Network provides cloud communication services on the blockchain

------- About Whiteboard Series ---------

The Whiteboard Series with NEAR is a set of video interviews with Founders who are building scalable solutions for Blockchain. We deep dive into their story, what they're developing and how it is helping the ecosystem.

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A

Hi everybody this alia from near, and we today was Taylor from top Network today, we'll learn more how top network operates and interesting things about it? Do you want to introduce yourself a little bit before kind of dive in deep, ok,.

B

Hello, everyone, my name, is Taylor way co-founder and CTO overtopped a network. Let's start a little bit talk about what about the top knee in a walk, maybe I. Many people in other familiar talking about the our vision is provides a public infrastructure for communication and a social media, but it different ways at the decent right way. So is it that's a fondant, that's kind of sense! That's why we say telegram if it has all competitors so actually top level. You have a three-piece wonder we is a general-purpose fabric rock chain.

B

We caught option is a high performance chain to enable real-world business.

C

B

One is a bunch of top service in the cloud communication stories just decent rise, for example, in like a VPN service messaging CDN like that song, so the pieces are top talking. A critical currency as a third piece on top of them is our ecosystem from revenues. So that's, it is a top network. So, but today we become have time limit so be more focused on top chain yeah, but we can give a very high level is imager what I have a top 10 a walk.

B

So let me draw something here: okay, so topic, just like we say we have a three-piece in like in the top chain.

C

B

Top stories top talker, so that is a very simple present. It's a but inside we more detailed like this. You more technical.

B

On the bottom is we call, we call infrastructure the p2p communication network in a storage network.

B

Okay, we call this is bottom line and on top of them in, like.

B

On top of them is that stories we are service layer.

B

You can message.

A

That's more like applications build on infrastructure, it yeah.

B

But I you the service, so both of the know that years from the minor or so his pride, it was from decent right away. So it's service via so a bunch of applications a in the leverage by SDK API, interactive, a sorceress. So we call our app of a VP app message. App, maybe is a top of a secured, so they use an SDK API.

B

So interactive is a top service. The top network be called infrastructure, your supporters of service. So this is over a picture. So, but it's decent right, so we don't. We want to give the application more choice, so we actually have another. One is like market appraised, a decent traffic praise that epic developer can choose, which so is Prada. We just show if they can use mmm for the same.

A

B

There's some purpose now so.

A

Is this services like pretty much there's fixed API, but then implementation can be different. Yeah.

B

So we really offers a common SDK. Api say: support I mean it's a common future like a call feature VPN feature, but based on the SDK, you can add on some new one based on that hasn't deployed a service, but on the line, the protocol must be compatible, that the whole ecosystem must be wrong together, yeah, so you can play a service on marketplace. You like I offer something like so is this? Why we call it a decent right crowd?

B

Community service, they see the service is not a seer, so either platform as service by a decent railway. So but a high incentives them your topic, you using top talking foot app so they can consume the service. So Soviets get a token I paid for minor yeah.

A

B

Does that I get it cause? It's I mean right on. It's.

A

Like do the services have business models ourselves? Yes,.

B

They can have the business model itself for them, but they can free, but it may be. The King like eh I, get in other way like they depend on the Holocaust area. Of course, at the beginning, in we have top, we have a bunch of application. We have own, and today we have the user daily daily active user. We have over two million, so a huge user. We have a VPN application, met a persecutor message: application why it's called we do call the song, so we prepare the Moses user to the decent trust way.

B

So at the beginning, one man named the wrong chair that they want a lot of user. We be on the chair on the ecosystem, because, yes, the application of course, the way we convert our central application to decent as way so off to our user. So the users as well yeah.

A

Let's dive deeper into it,.

B

Yeah, deep in the end, okay, yeah, so you'd like more.

B

So top of chin at krei, when we at beginning actually not in turn the true crazy out there were our own chain. We try to fund some channels, a marketer to support our crawler service. I mean disinterest, rallies, but a finally, we realize the one true when was singing and I know chain can be supported them. The reason he is the Krone the block chain is so expensive, I mean if we do one chance action, we need to pay something, but a full little business, especially for the crowd. I mean I mean the communication service.

B

They have something like with a huge award, but each other can get very tiny like a wheel using one whip Shin for one all. Maybe any pizza some sense yeah, but if we you you can suck fee is more than that, it's not make sense yeah. So that is, you know, it'll, let us say, decided we create our own chain going to total different way. What's the way we have to make that it is like to go in like the TPS must be enough high to handle the huge Warren, because we are real user.

B

Have on the country we have two million tau, so they have the support that come to us. Second, the cost is much low is the most case that transaction is zero, so in most time I'm, not always as more time in zero transaction.

B

Three, we have the flexible to support the other service because it is a platform so happy the flexible so that just kind of tug in conflict actually like it should you trying so based on the service design, art options, so the top chain actually is, is a multi-chain design. It like a half the main chain. We have. The main chain is a talk then, and now, with a bunch of the service check. The manger is.

A

On the top yeah.

B

Yeah yeah that is Soviets chair, then VPN service chain, so main chain is for the financial settlement.

C

B

Service chain, more about a business logic, business service, but that is not in ours, so we have a soda layer. We call either layer true serration. We have state channel in.

C

B

The make a payment for demo if we will have a finish: u 1, v, pn session, it will tiny, but it is one session, so it's very easy to match the layer to solution. So, but I yeah, but you at the same time you may be using messaging. We can so bunch of can be combined together on the search chain. They get. A more I means a better performance, the final its permits mention. So we call three layer, legend, okay, but this is a chant I mean.

B

But it's a service chain I mention inside of them, is we have support shouting okay, we have recalled truly a shouting return. You, like the top layer, is like big function.

B

But we have different other project taking like we have zoom.

B

Each zone have class.

B

So each classism manages some shot.

B

So zoom is a logical concept. I like that one inside the zoom we have was a physical class to one class to each custom menu some shot so.

A

What what I mean by class classy.

B

Is in you can trade as like a minimum become chained, save managers as a shot at so they cross linkers of shot so inside the invested through layer. Shutting. So that's inside my main change in sentiment chain inside so the chain. So each of those chains have.

A

B

Yes, seamless, texture, yeah, so a little different from the other shading project they more like I have the global become chain on the top of their menu. Some shadow, even the eat, eat, eat 2.0 version. There's a problem there. That could be the bottleneck.

C

B

We needed using shouting because a shutting give us the advantage in like will put a more NOLA there. They be tips, yes, a grow increase, but the cost will be done. So we, which means of the art final goal, is like horizontal scale, so even zest, only the big function in the top or- and this manage it direct many- is a shot. It means they cannot let horizontal scale out, finally be a part in it, as here all.

A

Right I mean it let's dive deeper. So so let's say we have what four shards right in or yeah, like even more I do yeah.

B

A

For and then same here, right yeah, so so there's few questions here. One is what is kind of like how does fork fortress rule kind of propagates for this so like, if, like I mean what is the consensus here, what is a fork? Choice like if there's a fork here which of the sketch picked up. Let.

B

Me give me the we talked about from the one chance action we caught. We talked at the whole process. Sure.

D

B

Actually consensus: is it done either here the beacon change, not a manager, the consensus? Okay, they just some managers working of taking and random time. Brock I mean it's a clock, but so processing it now he's a shot and is the cost of what it cost for is they. It actually is secondary auditory. Second, the auditor fuzzy consensus so you're from the one transaction without you once I'm taking, is send it to the top chain. They're going to a salsa sender, I mean the cinder come based on syndicate like jest.

B

We can't based on the election block, so we can know which is wrong is a handle them. So is it transaction going through the zone? The zone is more deeply detect, determine which classes are manager them so they're going through the shadow. Wonder maybe the sender counter. So at the here we doing consents in love at the back. Let me draw the founder form: the account that is a consensus, a pbft just.

A

Just to check first, the accounts are statically in in each shard. Is.

B

Dynamically dynamically okay, yeah he's a big part about a photo either dynamic is not a very dynamic right, but it is time by Tommy the changes and yet changing that. Okay,.

A

So so transaction went into s1 you're saying on this one I mean this is pretty much a chain, it's on its own right and so you're running pbft. Here, okay, so.

B

Once the broccolis come out, they're not attractive prototype, they have, they must go through classed so class. We be choose a random know that ii love gb of T.

C

B

That Peabody is audit, it's a result or you so.

A

So class this class, like a note or what is this yeah.

B

They haven't know the inside.

A

This is like its own chain as well: yeah.

B

A

So this is own chain, so you're saying so, Church block was produced yeah, it gets included here like it's Santa's. That's.

B

Irregular way, I'm in the tradition way to the cross link, we are different. Actually, when the broccoli come on they, the inside of the program, is consensus of process. One no step have to go app to Christ. They do audit. Was the oddity, the finish so there's a proc come.

A

Out I see so how? What what is the information has been sent from the validators of chard to the validators of class yeah.

B

Both wrong transaction that you launched and that actually go for class to foster. So they know wrong. Transaction I mean original challenge, then chance again dispatch to shop. Okay, so shall the year they created their proposal and is going to pbft. They create a some signature. They single they should be Hassan, so they sent as a result of trust again, so is that the broker include transaction hash. So this.

A

Is just hashes of transaction right, plus I'm assuming to surd at least to search signatures of yeah chard one? Well, there is okay, so this is sent to class class.

B

Nor the person know that they have the large transaction, so they can contract a check which is actually is the Buried or not. Then check is that kind of balance a enough or not so classes they do secondary pbft say you know, is a multiple signature, then protons s1.

C

B

Return back to shadow lead the lead over the shadow, so.

A

What is them like like if they have all the transactions and they have all of the state of the shards that are under your class yeah? Why do we need to have the separate chains? It's.

B

A good question here the reason here in life- if, with everything put here, they say, the policy security concern with shouting. Shutting me in like you're staking, is shutting your protector you're shedding it's really like, and so, if somebody she could not hear you music for them, for you well also to be a crap as a consensus, but you we separate true Leia is a good benefit in, like truly is along their own. Logically, they are different Knoll. The is hard to founder. Who will be order to me which might be disconcerting?

B

Who is a leader? They don't know totally I, don't know well.

A

I mean you know who the leaders here and you know.

B

They don't know why not they they send out that they don't know who we be ollie to them. All is a based on. We are based on the transaction, large transaction. They have the random randomly and the basin's that your signature, they have incremental number the based on the time prop they have random number so based on so song together will be calculated to who should be the order to them. Okay,.

A

So you're saying not all so, let's say I mean how many validators do you have for how many people in the committee.

B

Here minima is a 127 127.

A

How many in the class same.

B

Meaning way either 110 you so much okay, so.

A

So let's say one one of them is a leader right now they produced a block. They collected signature from some subset of this yeah and this you're saying they don't send it to every, but one they send it to a subset of those people. They.

B

Send it to a subset actually better, they they don't know which a service, so actually the product has a forced.

A

Okay, everybody.

B

11 class notice receives the broker, then it's another decided: okay I'm in the subset or not. Okay,.

A

But but then I mean the your security is just 2x. That's all right because you know like if you did not have this, you only had class and they were doing all the transactions. Validation then like for a single account. The security of it will be like you need to cut. You need to compromise two-thirds of what 127 or, like one sir, to stole research to actually producing that block. Here you need to search off oh yeah and Bosley yeah 256 and like when you say that it is a center, a random subset.

A

What how big is that subset and and how many of them can like the.

B

Big city is 6161.

A

Okay, so sent to 61 in class, so how many of them like? What? If you know one says? Oh, this is an odd.

B

The based on vif, so they so foster using vif, get as a separating the crossed. The second, no more. We have four selectively choose one one lead it to the PPF to audience.

A

Okay, so let's say I select it as a leader and I say this: is invalid look yeah! So what happens.

B

Next, the product has a broadcast. There's a proposal in this class Africa. They are the people I, don't know the sign that yes, so to a second round up, chippy appear so.

A

And then so if, for example, a malicious I get a like view, state view change and.

B

If the leader is murasia yeah yeah you're, the leader Mauritius, they maybe they can don't send out as a proposal. That's okay, because the shadow leader they will be time out, not finish, then we will send it to a second I mean that rice to the next step, yeah nectar but nectar, be either different. You using different random matter. They using given us a basilica different, the leader so.

A

Yeah, so you need yeah, you need pretty much I mean like out of the 61. How many confirmations do you need for forces to be accepted? Simpson.

B

Is same as well sorry, yeah.

A

Okay, so I'm just like, so if you, if you do, have two-thirds of militias here and here you can produce in the other blocks, yeah.

B

So, actually is the: why, with designs, that's truly shutting, and another reason is that fish between sharing a class lacasa will be shutting Irish offerings and no advance notice. So the know that he isn't like it just like a water heater flooring, so the staking is like a is flowing. So if the random is Perdition, Union Oh, so.

A

How frequently do you shuffle and.

B

Right now is about a year like 30 minutes, 30 minutes.

A

Yeah, so you expect in 30 minutes to set for them when they change to this class, to sync up all of the state of all the shorts you're right.

B

mmm Just say you yeah, then, if the note is from the class of 1 through class, so then you know they join the cast. Was they didn't either synchronize on the state yeah.

A

Then to download do you give them time to do that? Yes,.

B

We actually, we are the Haida half shrekt time I mean take over the 15 minutes. Yeah ahead. As a I mean we, we caught the election so when the election is effect before there's a half time in like a 15 minutes. So that is a have enough time to download or something like that.

A

Make sense okay so, but at the end you are like, so you only have like two shards pretty much per class. I know.

B

It depends on how many no to be how that's about why we define just a minimum know.

A

B

Other, if we're more know that we going to Moshe I, you know I.

A

See so then the idea is it like. You have more shards here and then, if like there's three or sixty one, then you can get like three shards in it. Yeah.

B

The of courses, then no, the more, is more classic here. You like that, so both layer will dynamically be expanding yeah. So.

A

This doesn't actually run it its own chain right. Okay, correctly understand. This is just this is just a set of nodes. This is not its own chain. Yeah.

B

They just a valid it. Yeah.

A

They just rather is elected to kind of double-check. This chart yeah.

B

He's like a ship to load the into another layer, they just do all of the weather. So that's why they can handle more transaction than shall know season two. He we job it here.

A

B

So, in that case it is actually the horizontal can scale modeling in mock past mahjong and Michonne.

A

But what why do this? Why did you decide to scale classes versus just use the same structure on top level? You.

B

Mean why we use is this one yeah.

A

No I mean it should have beacon chain and zones and classes right. So so you have like big and chain zone class, shard right, so class, already scales with number of nodes. So what if you just had class on top and just short, charts, yeah.

B

But we appear to multiple zone. We have a one global, unique who want to synchronize. Something in like, for example, is like no joy time. Brock synchronize, a time flow for every node, so beacon chain will be generate as a ton, Brock every 10 second nursery and also said time. Brock we have the randomness there, so you can push it to everybody if they driving them. So that is so. Every Brock have to include as this one is reference to one time, Brock every.

A

Block in a sharp.

B

A

They're pretty much reference yeah like this yeah.

B

Actually, either they left rinses yeah turn.

A

B

No, it's like a u-turn broke, it broke. Has every smile even know that so they know. What's the current item profit didn't know, so they put on the trash random from the time Brock inclusive on Brock, so that in the other layer know that can be welded or check they're going to prevent something like that. You hold a sunblock and like.

A

You produce them ahead of time, yet.

B

Yeah that can prevent this kind of attack.

A

Okay- but this still doesn't like why don't need zones in this.

B

Case I, don't that's the wrong story, your life, because the country, that's example for vidcom, then know that you did you to global randomly which mean you don't know. We are your neighborhood and all it could be with father and yet network performance is a random right, but a zone. We try to give a concept or you like geographic reaction,.

A

Occur I see so you're actually trying to cluster shards within one geography, not.

B

A one jerk take it like it, lay like a algorithm in like no the Israel for them, for if we have the function on the California here as a net coming, node could be. The five are China at that case in like for Network issue or other user could be the use row there. Other people, so your concerns can only catch up to be slower, a story. That's it like it like a business area. What are you like? You feel? You know there is more hair to be more yeah.

B

Lady thing yeah, so we're moving so much get a financial game so be increasing. You monitor here, so that is not either sent right away, but we charted in credit. People is going to play another ear like what can write. The note is there. There is a Emmerich yes, so you can put a notice there, but it's not exact after you same price. So simply our location.

A

Yeah yeah no I understand but like pretty, but who is deciding which zone they'll be and.

B

If we'd not decided there at the beginning see the node is deploy some, we can say the signal, be we put her some neurons, a very important praise. What the pace of example, international data, something like us, West R, Us, East, European, Singapore Japan. So those know that you are the seed. Is there? That's it that's it. Then next is just like a community like traveling important note, whatever they want that you vent on my life, no.

A

But like let's say, I have my computer running there right, yeah, I spin it up which zone I'll end up in we.

B

Just doing is that good special do I decide.

A

What you don't want to be in, you cannot I decide. I cannot decide. Okay. So then, how is it decided that that's.

B

A big country and not a purposely, exacting, okay, there, they we do measure. Actually we call pure be like probe anyway, its approval network, so they we do the test.

C

B

Test measure is like: what's the pathogen it for is this node, but it is not exactly they just will. Random is like if it's really like, if tears the forwards asset, or should they have to it like if I'm more sticking excuse rendom but are using more high possibility, so you feel native okay either via closes zoom. Well, okay, you still be random, could be done to or someone but high possibility, you're going to someone. Okay.

A

So so, but we're pretty much. This requires like consensus on a floating value or like on a bunch of floating values in a way I'll.

B

Leave the build another forty all right.

A

Maybe let's let's talk about what's the consensus and on the beacon chain them like how how do actually operates so.

B

From if we look into the architecture is very big, yeah.

A

B

Have to thrill their ledger truly, a shouting actually have a become chained on the top yeah, but all of it is not a little just a foot technical it always if we want to solve the problem. We get a much a lot of trouble, one whatever for this chain, because nobody can't give a reference, that's kind of acted sure. Nobody have one on that. Inductor I know so everything we need to okay, fun, a problem find a solution continually.

B

Okay, so we happy I talked about some tertulia shedding yeah.

A

So we can go hey I, guess maybe before then. Well, it's kind of related, but so, if you send money from shard one right to short, sell short, eight, so yeah, okay, we deducted money here this block is published. How does it make it here? Yeah.

B

Oh, when we sit back here, we actually do consents and just so Abby said we do all it didn't. Yeah yeah.

A

B

All it is a generator one receptor. The receptor will be broad cutter to ascended to the received shouting, so they shot it can vary. The received is a signature by the very people in another. Four people will read it: sick, okay,.

A

B

Masturbate they using pbft determine is a very receptor, see adding a phone to his desk account. So.

A

What does receive got lost during this trouble? Okay,.

B

That's the really the question here. That is deep, something like I mean you know it's very difficult to solve. The very I mean we. We've got a lot, a lot of problem on here. Yeah. If recipie is lost, we have a to make human tools fix them. One know is like because a launch and that can actually send it to receiving, say.

C

B

At the beginning, such as they're watching here, one is going to s once shouting another one you're going to receive that kind of sharing for here so HHS didn't know. That transaction is coming.

C

B

So it's the effector is the consensus should be, or jet receiver should be general in the proper time. If not that come on so Devi bees on the leader, something someone will be asking proposed. Earth can pour something back is like what company in it so.

A

They will pull to like a 2-0 yeah took here yeah, and they will ask like what's happening with this transaction yeah.

B

What happens there and or not deny or something so we it's a it's a process of it continue on and ii know. Why, and here is this one says why we have to live just want you when generates a reciprocate, they have a job, they should be the delivered cruiser their get the receipt they deliver received to this, shall they have make sure they receive. This is their job, so we culture, we call a lot in network.

B

So maybe we jump to the Australian and what can we be more creative about it as well? The top change that is among different angle. Actually, we tornado have a 3 layer. Network we call a a genetical.

B

Is a rotting Network, ok audit, the network on the wrong one. You like consents a.

B

Actually, that is out of line the another directed contact, is a class.

C

B

You're not going to contest, consents and all.

C

B

Is it going to a bunch of age note.

A

B

Says the phosphorus the age nor is going to that which, like the cost.

C

B

Going to shower so.

B

That's it so their job is rotting and audit wants to finish all is their job. It Cheney to rotten, so the delivers a recept or confirmation to the others room other faster than waiting. They are back to the ship to them.

A

Sorry so what happens was the audit and routing if you do have like a fork here? So you know somebody got a hold of 66% of stake in the shard and they actually created the fork to blocks that are fully finalized, that you.

B

Mean they're here, yeah.

A

Okay, so, like one set of people received this block in on the cluster one set of people, because different random number right will receive this block like little validated separately or did it sign in it and then route it to other shirts. Yeah.

B

So so we on the top change actually is no focal I mean it's not a lot of folk, giving it back to the Apache noggin.

B

If the hook I mean the most node uncrossed and a sha that be elaboration or you can prevent the generative, the Brock, all the rock is signature where the people signs I cannot say yeah they can throw out. So this way, if the most another is emotional, you cannot stop them. So we we use a different angle to fix the problem. Maybe that's why we call it like a random petition, know the into the class random know there is riffraff into our shot and as a staking it like I means the highest peaking.

B

Node may be high, possibility, select we leader, so that a way to solve the problem so but.

A

Like in this case, I'm, not even half like, let's say, there's a in the cluster right, no, no nobody's malicious in the cluster, but I did somehow get in shard malicious. Like.

B

A

And I produced two blocks: okay, like create a fork very terrible, but I send it to the cluster like for, ordered and different set of people received it because you send it to random set right. So what happens when you have like there's two different sets in the cluster, seeing different alternative blocks, yeah.

B

A

The same height yeah, if.

B

We ever know the in classic join object, you'll probably be another. Is that.

A

Yeah only 61, that's.

B

Why only 61 here, man, like half note so possibility, isn't going to the left or going to write a like. You can control the network yeah, okay, yeah. In that case, you like one there. Actually, the more more some insight detection. Actually in like one half note is. If we have to see, is no diesel 127 totally happen. The joins our audit, but then northern the reciprocal not sent by there to receive the percent by other people.

A

But but you have, you have half people, so you have a cluster right. Half received one block yeah like half received this one half received this one, so they will send different receipts right. This guy's will send like that. You, you know, dense or whatever did spend like hundred this one's. You spend a thousand, for example,.

B

First of all is for same account, they're not happen, say man. Each chanting must be one by one. One finish another chemist.

A

But this is like a missus blocks of the same height right, yeah, they're kind of happening. At the same time,.

B

One either must be fee must be what, because they ever know that can read it. Only one same hi, yeah.

C

B

It's a lot only but problem line. Is you get? So that's not a no. This connection, I, don't know that don't know yeah.

A

B

That's why we say was added to here when you finish your audit, the received is not a sender by their their center other people.

A

I see, but how do they know about it or you just send them as well.

B

There, because we can be eiffel decorator who will be subset to audit of cause I, don't know the EB sender, I, see.

A

So pretty much everybody needs to receive the yeah everything. So so, if you have like more than two shards right, let's say you have like ten charts here yeah, so this guy's, this guy's, very fine. This blog, this guy's refined this block for this block, who is gonna, be all of them, will be Sanders once.

B

The broccolis, it means the auditor yeah, the other people- happy to know that all of them yeah. Well, they just waiting to see and not take action, but.

A

They do need to receive all of the block, they think.

B

Either receive that yeah.

A

So the bandwidth I need to have is pretty high. Yes,.

B

That's why the class happy shellings same way moving that means of the one classes they have limited been amazed now, so they cannot have too much two-minute action. That's why we on the this layer. We also needed to shouting, but.

A

Like this is already Charlotte right, this is like different shards process. It's by different.

B

So yeah, so that's why the one cos that you manage your limited, a shell, so classified manager, another bunch of shot, hey.

C

A

See children- it's mostly limited by how much like the computers here can receive all the blocks from all the tribes. At the same time, all right how.

B

Strong, a node, maybe if the supercomputer, maybe they can handle everything, but all goesa law is cheap. Another. You like cloud and all maybe 50 ma $50 per month. They can playing to be casual or channel, so we can an effect expected to their Hofstra. So that's why we say more. No, no. We separate the moshav more class.

C

B

I want the case would be, but still it would be. Horizontal scale ought to kiss my well so.

A

Let's go over the beacon chain: okay,.

B

So what kind of say you want to know from beacon chain? Well,.

A

You said it pretty much provides time right, provides randomness and keeps track of validators detect Jones, so yeah how's that operates as well as kind of AA.

B

Extra beacon change in life. They know that you share by there's all over there. They don't have, of course, some day they couldn't know that can be joined at became camp, but it is not economically, oh, my god, so every at the west know that we can amass node on Christ. So that's he can give me some trim. You know we have the very date know it like it's a shot we can at the west node in the past.

B

Also we have a common load I.

B

Have another unit different network.

C

B

So snowed can be be, become, no I mean no. That would become become change.

C

B

So big contraction is a big Network. That's why they cannot see not a manager that concerns our transaction, because it must be slow, yeah.

A

B

Be secure yeah so, for there is more like a Republican chain, we what's the same, they need to unite general is at time time. Bro.

B

Every 10 second, they dope here also do pbft but slow pbft. You like yeah just only time bro what.

A

What I mean slow PFT I mean.

B

Because they're just wait or.

A

A lot of no no, the.

B

Join the PFT okay.

A

So just a lot of notes: yeah.

B

Lot unknown how.

A

Many nodes participate or how many expected notes at.

B

Least 256, at least in life, so daddy thump rock in will generate as a proxy sign.

C

B

Publish to everybody first jobs in do second job, just.

A

How's, this 10 seconds determined.

B

Why we decided tensed.

A

No, no, how like, as a node, am I just measuring my time myself or there's fair, follow to a function or.

B

Similar way, of course, at the beginning, every computer have different time. Even you synchronized. They.

C

Will be later with.

B

Each Angela yeah so, but at the at the beginning the I mean the genius Brock. They writing. Okay started this say Stacy some I mean C denote some some C denote. Okay, we can use a Brock at that time. The time is synchronized, so other Nuno to join. That may be the UTC time is not a sim, but they will receive dunbroch so based on tumblr. We add the gesture local time, not exactly good, but it could be z, yeah.

D

B

Offset of a big limb or something so you're like not exert a 10 second about wrong the data you know we not ask of this I mean that's just saying the time another on the prop chain, not asking like some industrial clock hub yeah.

A

B

A

Look the question is Kansas folks started like accelerating time: can they start producing blocks every five seconds? Every two seconds is.

B

A Ross that it's worth I mean the facts. Secondly, maybe it's not a product by the 19, the 11 second impossible.

A

Can they do it if they want to like if I change, the code that I'm running my machine can I like and I suggested for everybody to run? Will it go to five seconds there.

B

If the after too much from the other node singing yeah I will be dropped with young.

A

B

So none of it so that's why we use in people still using pbft.

C

B

The concerns they have the same step on the time, so the second job is like it, no joy. So is this any different process for other project? It you know the join. Actually they have some other culture running on become chant. They check you. What are you staking?

B

Do I have the talking there, a signature actually want not a joins. You have to either do the pure debris to prove the is not an attack, so something but you're, saying yeah, they've added another. It is good to join then include test network. After that they will assign to some zone. There is a generator brach. The brach include was the node address was notice, taking received the proof. Is they have taken there? How much taking so.

A

How does it prove that? How do you do that? How.

B

Was a is like it? It's a beacon change, however, account our notice account information where.

A

Does it get it, though, like the recent one? How do you get the latest data from shards on the beacon train, because.

B

They Vesey is a design for automatic tongue check in your language, for the node that you feel we want to join the you have to suitable. You have to already create account.

B

They have the top talking a lock-up as there yeah. Then you have to go in through your shot to get as received. The angel recipie is going to send it to the smart contract. I, see.

A

So you have a way to send information from shark to be: can change yeah.

B

Exactly so big chain, we've added is a receptor. You see it like a special transaction yeah.

A

So I mean in this case we can change, is like another shard, pretty much yeah unlikely.

B

A

That, because you pretty much, send the same thing right like you'll say yes, so.

B

The job is not a join in like a vetted us and recommend to the other class. Oh sure, so this is a major job. Is there, of course, is taking and / the.

A

World so splashing I'm, assuming if somebody like here at audit, detects something wrong. They'll just send the receipt to beacon change, yeah.

B

So they do all of a slow thing, but I get a very important thing. Yeah.

A

And then the reward they just send receipt back to the shard, yes give the reward back and then, if I want to on stake, how like I, send the receipt as well or how does that work? If you're a stake like I want.

B

To start quick, you weren't kidding okay yeah, you have to yes send it to the Avenue quit, so they will be generate. Another unit me not another joy is I cannot leave.

C

B

Brach and that's true every day, another leave another join the concerns, animal auditor, animal so that everybody can know leave they can continue. You crude is endnote mm-hmm.

A

So how fast does not leave propagate obvious.

B

A long time in I yeah we we not a lot of know. There is only will quickly. If we want to join I trade, you have to wait in 12-hour 12 hours yeah you have to waiting on it, clever all in the poor, yeah.

A

B

We be use a priority. Queue is a one-by-one recommended to the top chain. When you leave your similar process, you have to wait in line huh yeah but I'm more longer. You know 24 to 72 hours. Actually, that's.

A

Good yeah, otherwise it's like yeah.

B

Neither will get change of York fast I ever be.

A

Okay and then you also said it generates randomness, some sorts of randomness.

B

And randoms in, like a you're, not a hope not of holy culture, by damage right so suffering actually is we like? We have the shuffling a tree in here why we are called zoom? Actually we have it like in, like we call ze, say you're, like election committee,.

C

B

It include all over advanced, not in class, so they decide how to chef in pitching class. But.

A

The house, a shuffling, determined like what's a random.

B

Ray butter ill for Polly the basis taking you know, yeah.

A

Yeah, so what's the source of randomness like yeah,.

B

Such random is it like cup of sauce, a 1 sauce I mean from the London one. Sausage is a robot time, Brock the color for the sheffrin ISM, with a move ever studies, 30 minutes, okay,.

A

B

You have to increase sometime Brock, so Tamra have randoms. First of all, second, a lot: the chef Rina, the generals, their own broad country. They have to announce general Brock to announce the Chef reign. Who in this case, does it? Yes, the election committee, so there's.

A

Another blockchain here.

B

Yeah inside of you, I see all.

A

Right so there's a blockchain.

B

On his own level, yes, but they just do it election. So it's like once every 30 minutes there is a block, the chinnamma Brock, they generously say Brock. So each block helps a randomly inside sort.

A

B

A

When you say, there's randomness inside what kind of random is yeah.

B

The another a widget like talking about staking and random, so you know that would be sought by staking really FTS you look. How follows Satoshi algorithm. So that's an algorithm. We we give us sorting the node by staking, but it gives a random. So in that case will be we random choose some node from the class then go into the poor.

B

Putting in the poor edges, they fear have the poor here go in the poor, then another class or she'll randomly choose a pro from poor to replace some know. The english' mmm-hmm.

A

I see so, but this randomness is deterministic right. Sorry, this this random selection is deterministic yeah.

B

A

Where is source of randomness right huh like do you just use less like less hash of the block, or you have something yeah.

B

There's three: the combined together, you sauce that it arrives that committee election committee. They can own as a Brock.

A

All right so my favorite question and if there's a fork on Beacon chain.

A

Sorry, if there's a fork on a beacon chain.

B

Not a rough oak because we alike must be, it was to also the people of Greece yeah.

A

Yeah, so what happened if two shirts agreed to work.

B

You need to disagree, or do they did agree.

A

To work like, like you have two blocks, was two-thirds of signatures yeah? What happens? What.

B

I happened so if what's the case, just like you saying they generated some broccoli is wrong: yeah, the, but even that way, they're, not the impact Sachin match, because they just a generals at um brokers. It generates like to know the joy and leave something like that. Another really destroyed that, but.

A

But the blocks here may include different hashes of different time blocks right, but you may have to shards which have different time blocks. Yes,.

B

That's that's exactly why we see how C we have the protecting here. They will be very deadly and like which one shall choose. You have to broker general by beacon chance. They will choose a while. It was issues. Ok, data is that varied.

A

But but you have different clusters, so I didn't meet you differently, yeah.

B

Exactly so, that's why the shouting the managers their home for there's a single system, broccoli, the bed they another shudder, maybe the difference. Thinking, that's okay,.

C

B

Because for them they just read that here that time rock for these determine their determines, they were check everything if they both agree that I get about the time prob. It is, and.

A

And it's independent that, like the receipts now kind of coming from different time blocks, they seal is not not time blocked like not not reference time, but.

B

They receive they just check it, who signs I received how many people signed in so they decided. There is enough of power in us taking they decided that recipes in Traktor yeah, maybe the broker ref is a ton Brock. You do click here, also cochlea there's a second problem. It is a low, is a small issue.

A

B

That's why we caught big country. We don't don't want it to director. Join the transition, don't relate about a money. They just do some recursing, so they're, not incest as people to them.

A

I mean definitely more interesting to work here and like create. You know, more receipts. Different amounts of money, I mean that's. The problem is charting right is that we split the security, so it's easier to attack and depends I mean shuffling every half an hour of this, please better, like our main concern with shuffling every half an hour. Is that as your state grows right, it may become like too slow to sink right like right now, if you may think it too much.

A

Yeah I like you like, as you go from one shot to another, and you may be sinking like gigabytes of state and like yeah,.

B

I know your concerns: they have other design inside but I'm not not talk about their economy. We have to solve this concern. We have ladies letters yet bag. Ladies all x-ray each account have their own chin.

A

B

So we can get regularly prune that counter.

C

B

That's why Craster's I don't know that don't keep a whole history. They just want to keep that last. A full unit, yeah.

A

Well, I mean for even funnier it like a sitting right now at hundred gigs, just the state northern in the history yeah.

B

That's they have another design like that, a synchronization on demand and acceleration. They is like if they have to work together today. The Brahmins and one bro could include a lot of account. You don't know what kind of ink cool. So that's why, when you synchronize, you have to similar a whole bunch of rock, you don't know, are no idea or decorators give an idea. Well, that's a transaction is really about account of a so.

B

We just want to synchronize that kind of a sub rock there's a much light, so it can be done on demand.

A

Yeah I mean would be interesting to yeah.

B

So this is about one question problem. There's another design, another solution, the problem back there.

A

No, it's good all right! Well, thanks a lot that was very a lot.

B

Of saying it, yeah.

A

A lot of a lot of different components check out your I'm, assuming stop that Network yeah top that Network for more details. Yeah.

B

Away from with table would detail wiki visit our top layer top near the work dot o-r-g. They have a lot of information there of color. You can't, you may ask we can't give you a response about the technician or other signs, and we also incredibly poor in like join our community they're, more easy to get more information, but have a technical or progress or mention. Actually, we mention is like with the rapper your finishing. We attest enough.

B

So right now we just say here, like we Heinz a sort of company, so the paddock company, they are auditing their code, yeah.

A

B

I finish, the auditing will be public or so source code and then launch magnet. So that's why you ask a lot of questions in practice in not the cereal, but that question we also a problem charge. It also it pressed before. So we have solutions. Yeah.

A

B

A

Drawing engineering your engineer, yeah coding, yes,.

B

Good okay, thank you. Everybody Thanks.